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101 adversa

ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen., with in or dat.:
illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:
in quamcunque domus lumina partem,
Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:
malis numen,
Verg. A. 4, 611:
huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,
Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—
B.
Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:
classem in portum,
Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:
terrae proras,
Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:
Colchos puppim,
Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:
profugi advertere coloni,
landed, Sil. 1, 288;
hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,
Verg. A. 7, 196:
pedem ripae,
id. ib. 6, 386:
urbi agmen,
id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:
Scythicas advertitur oras,
Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).
II.
Fig.
A.
Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:
si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:
nunc huc animum advortite ambo,
id. ib. 3, 1, 169:
advertunt animos ad religionem,
Lucr. 3, 54:
monitis animos advertite nostris,
Ov. M. 15, 140:
animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,
Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:
ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:
adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,
Liv. 4, 45.—
B.
Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):
et hoc animum advorte,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:
hanc edictionem,
id. ib. 1, 2, 10:
haec animum te advertere par est,
Lucr. 2, 125:
animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:
Postquam id animum advertit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:
quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,
Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:
ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,
as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:
postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:
animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,
Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:
quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,
Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:
qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,
attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:
donec advertit Tiberius,
Tac. A. 4, 54:
Zenobiam advertere pastores,
id. ib. 12, 51:
advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,
id. ib. 13, 54:
quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,
id. ib. 15, 30 al.:
hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,
Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:
ut multos adverto credidisse,
id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:
animis advertite vestris,
Verg. A. 2, 712:
hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,
Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—
C.
To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):
gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,
Tac. A. 1, 41:
octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,
id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—
D.
To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):
non docet admonitio, sed advertit,
i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:
advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,
Tac. H. 3, 48.—
E.
Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):
in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,
Tac. A. 2, 32:
ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,
id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,
1.
adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).
A.
In gen.:
solem adversum intueri,
Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:
Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,
Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:
antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:
quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:
L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,
in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:
adversis vulneribus,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:
judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 28:
cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,
id. Verr. 5, 3:
impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,
ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:
adversa signa,
Liv. 30, 8:
legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,
i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:
armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,
Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:
qui timet his adversa,
the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:
in adversum flumen contendere,
Lucr. 4, 423:
adverso feruntur flumine,
id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:
adverso amne,
Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;
adverso Tiberi subvehi,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:
rate in secundam aquam labente,
Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:
navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,
Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:
portus ex adverso urbi positus,
Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:
Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,
Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:
cum ex adverso starent classes,
Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:
et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,
against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;
in adversum Romani subiere,
Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—
B.
In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:
hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,
Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:
advorsus nemini,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:
mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,
Cic. Sull. 10:
acclamatio,
id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:
adversis auspiciis,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:
adversum omen,
Suet. Vit. 8:
adversissima auspicia,
id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:
ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,
Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:
adversi casus,
Nep. Dat. 5:
adversae rerum undae,
a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):
quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?
Liv. 6, 40:
adversus annus frugibus,
id. 4, 12:
valetudo adversa,
i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:
adversum proelium,
an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.
8, 31: adverso rumore esse,
to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:
adversa subsellia,
on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:
quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,
Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:
neque est aliud adversius,
Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—

* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:
advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,
Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:
nihil adversi,
Cic. Brut. 1, 4:
si quid adversi accidisset,
Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:
secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,
Plin. Pan. 31;
esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,
id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):
multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,
Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—
C.
In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.
3.
adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).
A.
Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:
ibo advorsum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:
facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,
id. Men. 2, 3, 82:
obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?
Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:
adversus resistere,
Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:
nemo adversus ibat,
Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):
solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:
ei advorsum venimus,
id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—
B.
Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.
1.
In a friendly sense.
(α).
Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:
adversus advocatos,
Liv. 45, 7, 5:
medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,
opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:
adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,
Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:
Lerina, adversum Antipolim,
id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—
(β).
In the presence of any one, before:
egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):
immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,
what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:
mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,
Titin. ib. 232, 21:
utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):
adversus ea consul... respondit,
Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—
(γ).
In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:
repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,
will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:
quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,
id. 7, 32, 8.—
(δ).
Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:
quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,
Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:
te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,
i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:
lentae adversum imperia aures,
Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;
Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:
adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,
id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:
sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,
id. ib. 1, 11, 33:
adversus merita ingratissimus,
Vell. 2, 69, 5:
summa adversus alios aequitas erat,
Liv. 3, 33, 8:
ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,
id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:
beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,
Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely
(ε).
of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:
epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,
as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:
quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,
in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—
2.
In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:
advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:
advorsum te fabulare illud,
against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:
stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:
adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:
respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,
id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §
69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,
id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:
gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,
Caes. B. C. 1, 46:
adversus se non esse missos exercitus,
Liv. 3, 66:
bellum adversum Xerxem moret,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:
copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,
Liv. 8, 2, 5:
adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,
id. 26, 25, 10 al.:
T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,
Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):
adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,
Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:
frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,
Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:
egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:
advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,
Sall. J. 43, 5:
invictus adversum gratiam animus,
Tac. A. 15, 21:
adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,
Suet. Tib. 28:
Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:
fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,
Curt. 4, 14:
infirmus adversum pecuniam,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:
inferior adversus laborem,
id. Epit. 40, 20.
► a.
Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:
egone ut te advorsum mentiar,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:
hunc adversus,
Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:
quos advorsum ierat,
Sall. J. 101, 8.—
b.
It sometimes suffers tmesis:
Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,
Caes. B. G. 6, 33:
animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,
Sall. J. 58:
animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,
id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:
in Galliam vorsus castra movere,
Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adversa
102 adverto

ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen., with in or dat.:
illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:
in quamcunque domus lumina partem,
Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:
malis numen,
Verg. A. 4, 611:
huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,
Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—
B.
Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:
classem in portum,
Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:
terrae proras,
Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:
Colchos puppim,
Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:
profugi advertere coloni,
landed, Sil. 1, 288;
hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,
Verg. A. 7, 196:
pedem ripae,
id. ib. 6, 386:
urbi agmen,
id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:
Scythicas advertitur oras,
Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).
II.
Fig.
A.
Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:
si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:
nunc huc animum advortite ambo,
id. ib. 3, 1, 169:
advertunt animos ad religionem,
Lucr. 3, 54:
monitis animos advertite nostris,
Ov. M. 15, 140:
animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,
Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:
ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:
adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,
Liv. 4, 45.—
B.
Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):
et hoc animum advorte,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:
hanc edictionem,
id. ib. 1, 2, 10:
haec animum te advertere par est,
Lucr. 2, 125:
animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:
Postquam id animum advertit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:
quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,
Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:
ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,
as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:
postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:
animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,
Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:
quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,
Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:
qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,
attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:
donec advertit Tiberius,
Tac. A. 4, 54:
Zenobiam advertere pastores,
id. ib. 12, 51:
advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,
id. ib. 13, 54:
quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,
id. ib. 15, 30 al.:
hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,
Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:
ut multos adverto credidisse,
id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:
animis advertite vestris,
Verg. A. 2, 712:
hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,
Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—
C.
To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):
gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,
Tac. A. 1, 41:
octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,
id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—
D.
To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):
non docet admonitio, sed advertit,
i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:
advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,
Tac. H. 3, 48.—
E.
Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):
in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,
Tac. A. 2, 32:
ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,
id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,
1.
adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).
A.
In gen.:
solem adversum intueri,
Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:
Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,
Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:
antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:
quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:
L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,
in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:
adversis vulneribus,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:
judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 28:
cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,
id. Verr. 5, 3:
impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,
ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:
adversa signa,
Liv. 30, 8:
legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,
i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:
armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,
Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:
qui timet his adversa,
the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:
in adversum flumen contendere,
Lucr. 4, 423:
adverso feruntur flumine,
id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:
adverso amne,
Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;
adverso Tiberi subvehi,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:
rate in secundam aquam labente,
Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:
navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,
Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:
portus ex adverso urbi positus,
Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:
Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,
Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:
cum ex adverso starent classes,
Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:
et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,
against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;
in adversum Romani subiere,
Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—
B.
In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:
hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,
Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:
advorsus nemini,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:
mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,
Cic. Sull. 10:
acclamatio,
id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:
adversis auspiciis,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:
adversum omen,
Suet. Vit. 8:
adversissima auspicia,
id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:
ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,
Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:
adversi casus,
Nep. Dat. 5:
adversae rerum undae,
a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):
quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?
Liv. 6, 40:
adversus annus frugibus,
id. 4, 12:
valetudo adversa,
i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:
adversum proelium,
an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.
8, 31: adverso rumore esse,
to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:
adversa subsellia,
on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:
quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,
Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:
neque est aliud adversius,
Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—

* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:
advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,
Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:
nihil adversi,
Cic. Brut. 1, 4:
si quid adversi accidisset,
Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:
secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,
Plin. Pan. 31;
esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,
id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):
multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,
Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—
C.
In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.
3.
adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).
A.
Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:
ibo advorsum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:
facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,
id. Men. 2, 3, 82:
obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?
Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:
adversus resistere,
Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:
nemo adversus ibat,
Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):
solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:
ei advorsum venimus,
id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—
B.
Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.
1.
In a friendly sense.
(α).
Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:
adversus advocatos,
Liv. 45, 7, 5:
medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,
opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:
adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,
Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:
Lerina, adversum Antipolim,
id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—
(β).
In the presence of any one, before:
egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):
immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,
what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:
mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,
Titin. ib. 232, 21:
utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):
adversus ea consul... respondit,
Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—
(γ).
In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:
repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,
will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:
quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,
id. 7, 32, 8.—
(δ).
Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:
quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,
Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:
te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,
i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:
lentae adversum imperia aures,
Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;
Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:
adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,
id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:
sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,
id. ib. 1, 11, 33:
adversus merita ingratissimus,
Vell. 2, 69, 5:
summa adversus alios aequitas erat,
Liv. 3, 33, 8:
ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,
id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:
beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,
Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely
(ε).
of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:
epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,
as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:
quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,
in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—
2.
In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:
advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:
advorsum te fabulare illud,
against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:
stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:
adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:
respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,
id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §
69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,
id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:
gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,
Caes. B. C. 1, 46:
adversus se non esse missos exercitus,
Liv. 3, 66:
bellum adversum Xerxem moret,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:
copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,
Liv. 8, 2, 5:
adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,
id. 26, 25, 10 al.:
T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,
Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):
adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,
Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:
frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,
Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:
egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:
advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,
Sall. J. 43, 5:
invictus adversum gratiam animus,
Tac. A. 15, 21:
adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,
Suet. Tib. 28:
Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:
fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,
Curt. 4, 14:
infirmus adversum pecuniam,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:
inferior adversus laborem,
id. Epit. 40, 20.
► a.
Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:
egone ut te advorsum mentiar,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:
hunc adversus,
Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:
quos advorsum ierat,
Sall. J. 101, 8.—
b.
It sometimes suffers tmesis:
Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,
Caes. B. G. 6, 33:
animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,
Sall. J. 58:
animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,
id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:
in Galliam vorsus castra movere,
Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adverto
103 advorto

ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen., with in or dat.:
illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,
Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:
in quamcunque domus lumina partem,
Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:
malis numen,
Verg. A. 4, 611:
huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,
Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—
B.
Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:
classem in portum,
Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:
terrae proras,
Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:
Colchos puppim,
Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:
profugi advertere coloni,
landed, Sil. 1, 288;
hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,
Verg. A. 7, 196:
pedem ripae,
id. ib. 6, 386:
urbi agmen,
id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:
Scythicas advertitur oras,
Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).
II.
Fig.
A.
Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:
si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:
nunc huc animum advortite ambo,
id. ib. 3, 1, 169:
advertunt animos ad religionem,
Lucr. 3, 54:
monitis animos advertite nostris,
Ov. M. 15, 140:
animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,
Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:
ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:
adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,
Liv. 4, 45.—
B.
Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):
et hoc animum advorte,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:
hanc edictionem,
id. ib. 1, 2, 10:
haec animum te advertere par est,
Lucr. 2, 125:
animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:
Postquam id animum advertit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:
quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,
Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:
ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,
as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:
postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:
animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,
Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:
quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,
Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:
qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,
attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:
donec advertit Tiberius,
Tac. A. 4, 54:
Zenobiam advertere pastores,
id. ib. 12, 51:
advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,
id. ib. 13, 54:
quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,
id. ib. 15, 30 al.:
hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,
Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:
ut multos adverto credidisse,
id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:
animis advertite vestris,
Verg. A. 2, 712:
hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,
Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—
C.
To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):
gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,
Tac. A. 1, 41:
octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,
id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—
D.
To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):
non docet admonitio, sed advertit,
i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:
advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,
Tac. H. 3, 48.—
E.
Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):
in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,
Tac. A. 2, 32:
ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,
id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,
1.
adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).
A.
In gen.:
solem adversum intueri,
Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:
Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,
Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:
antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,
Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:
quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:
L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,
in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:
adversis vulneribus,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:
judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 28:
cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,
id. Verr. 5, 3:
impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,
ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:
adversa signa,
Liv. 30, 8:
legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,
i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:
armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,
Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:
qui timet his adversa,
the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:
in adversum flumen contendere,
Lucr. 4, 423:
adverso feruntur flumine,
id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:
adverso amne,
Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;
adverso Tiberi subvehi,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:
rate in secundam aquam labente,
Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:
navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,
Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:
portus ex adverso urbi positus,
Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:
Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,
Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:
cum ex adverso starent classes,
Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:
et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,
against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;
in adversum Romani subiere,
Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—
B.
In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:
hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,
Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:
advorsus nemini,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:
mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,
Cic. Sull. 10:
acclamatio,
id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:
adversis auspiciis,
Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:
adversum omen,
Suet. Vit. 8:
adversissima auspicia,
id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:
ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,
Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:
adversi casus,
Nep. Dat. 5:
adversae rerum undae,
a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):
quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?
Liv. 6, 40:
adversus annus frugibus,
id. 4, 12:
valetudo adversa,
i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:
adversum proelium,
an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.
8, 31: adverso rumore esse,
to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:
adversa subsellia,
on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:
quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,
Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:
neque est aliud adversius,
Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—

* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:
advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,
Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:
nihil adversi,
Cic. Brut. 1, 4:
si quid adversi accidisset,
Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:
secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,
Plin. Pan. 31;
esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,
id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):
multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,
Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—
C.
In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.
3.
adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).
A.
Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:
ibo advorsum,
Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:
facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,
id. Men. 2, 3, 82:
obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?
Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:
adversus resistere,
Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:
nemo adversus ibat,
Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):
solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,
Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:
ei advorsum venimus,
id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—
B.
Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.
1.
In a friendly sense.
(α).
Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:
adversus advocatos,
Liv. 45, 7, 5:
medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,
opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:
adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,
Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:
Lerina, adversum Antipolim,
id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—
(β).
In the presence of any one, before:
egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?
Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):
immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,
what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:
mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,
Titin. ib. 232, 21:
utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,
Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):
adversus ea consul... respondit,
Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—
(γ).
In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:
repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,
will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:
quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,
id. 7, 32, 8.—
(δ).
Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:
quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,
Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:
te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,
i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:
lentae adversum imperia aures,
Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;
Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,
Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:
adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,
id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:
sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,
id. ib. 1, 11, 33:
adversus merita ingratissimus,
Vell. 2, 69, 5:
summa adversus alios aequitas erat,
Liv. 3, 33, 8:
ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,
id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:
beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,
Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely
(ε).
of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:
epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,
as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:
quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,
in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—
2.
In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:
advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:
advorsum te fabulare illud,
against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:
stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,
Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:
adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:
respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,
id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §
69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,
id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:
gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,
Caes. B. C. 1, 46:
adversus se non esse missos exercitus,
Liv. 3, 66:
bellum adversum Xerxem moret,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:
copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,
Liv. 8, 2, 5:
adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,
id. 26, 25, 10 al.:
T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,
Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):
adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,
Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:
frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,
Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:
egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,
Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:
advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,
Sall. J. 43, 5:
invictus adversum gratiam animus,
Tac. A. 15, 21:
adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,
Suet. Tib. 28:
Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:
fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,
Curt. 4, 14:
infirmus adversum pecuniam,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:
inferior adversus laborem,
id. Epit. 40, 20.
► a.
Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:
egone ut te advorsum mentiar,
Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:
hunc adversus,
Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:
quos advorsum ierat,
Sall. J. 101, 8.—
b.
It sometimes suffers tmesis:
Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,
Caes. B. G. 6, 33:
animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,
Sall. J. 58:
animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,
id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:
in Galliam vorsus castra movere,
Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > advorto
104 pro

1.
prō (archaic collat. form, posi in posimerium; cf. pono, from posino; cf. Gr. poti and pot with pros), adv. and prep. [root in Sanscr. prep. pra-, before, as in prathamas, first; Gr. pro; cf.: proteros, prôtos, etc.; Lat.: prae, prior, priscus, etc.; perh. old abl. form, of which prae is the loc. ], before, in front of; and, transf., for, with the idea of protection, substitution, or proportion.
I.
Adv., found only in the transf. comp. signif. (v. infra, II. B. 3.) in connection with quam and ut: pro quam and pro ut (the latter usually written in one word, prout), like prae quam and prae ut.
* A.
Pro quam, in proportion as, just as:
nec satis est, pro quam largos exaestuat aestus,
Lucr. 2, 1137. —
B.
Pro ut or prout, according as, in proportion, accordingly, proportionably as, just as, as (class.):
compararat argenti bene facti, prout Thermitani hominis facultates ferebant, satis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 34, § 83:
tuas litteras, prout res postulat, exspecto,
id. Att. 11, 6 fin.:
id, prout cujusque ingenium erat, interpretabantur,
Liv. 38, 50:
prout locus iniquus aequusve his aut illis, prout animus pugnantium est, prout numerus, varia pugnae fortuna est,
id. 38, 40 fin. —With a corresp. ita:
ejusque rationem ita haberi, prout haberi lege liceret,
Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 46:
prout sedes ipsa est, ita varia genera morborum sunt,
Cels. 4, 4, 5:
prout nives satiaverint, ita Nilum increscere,
Plin. 5, 9, 10, § 51.—
II.
Prep. with abl. (late Lat. with acc.:
PRO SALVTEM SVAM,
Inscr. Grut. 4, 12; 46, 9; Inscr. Orell. 2360), before, in front of.
A.
Lit., of place:
sedens pro aede Castoris,
Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 27:
praesidia, quae pro templis cernitis,
id. Mil. 1, 2:
ii qui pro portis castrorum in statione erant,
Caes. B. G. 4, 32:
pro castris copias habere,
id. ib. 7, 66:
pro castris dimicare,
id. ib. 5, 16:
pro oppido,
id. ib. 7, 71:
pro opere consistere,
Sall. J. 92, 9:
castra pro moenibus locata,
Liv. 2, 53; 4, 17:
pro muro,
id. 30, 10:
pro castris explicare aciem,
id. 6, 23:
pro vallo,
Plin. 2, 37, 37, § 101; Vell. 2, 19, 1.—With verbs of motion:
Caesar pro castris suas copias produxit,
before the camp, Caes. B. G. 1, 48:
hasce tabulas hic ibidem pro pedibus tuis obicito,
before your feet, App. Mag. p. 337, 36; id. M. 4, p. 155, 2.—
2.
In partic., with the accessory idea of presence on the front part, on the edge or brink of a place, on or in the front of, often to be translated by a simple on or in:
pro censu classis iuniorum, Serv. Tullius cum dixit, accipi debet in censu, ut ait M. Varro, sicuti pro aede Castoris, pro tribunali, pro testimonio,
Fest. p. 246 Müll.; cf.: pro significat in, ut pro rostris, pro aede, pro tribunali, Paul. ex Fest. p. 228 Müll.; and:
pro sententia ac si dicatur in sententiā, ut pro rostris id est in rostris,
id. p. 226 Müll.: hac re pro suggestu pronunciata, qs. standing on the front part of the tribune, or, as we would say, on the tribune, Caes. B. G. 6, 3: pro tribunali cum aliquid ageretur, was transacted before or at my tribunal, Cic. Fam. 3, 8, 21; so,
pro tribunali,
id. Pis. 5, 11; id. Sest. 15, 34: pro contione, before the assembled army; and, in gen., before the assembly:
laudatus pro contione Jugurtha,
Sall. J. 8, 2; cf. Curt. 9, 1, 1:
pro contione laudibus legati militumque tollere animos,
Liv. 7, 7:
fortes viros pro contione donantis,
Curt. 10, 5, 10:
pro contione litteras recitare,
id. 4, 10, 16; Liv. 38, 23 fin.:
pro contione palam utrumque temptavit,
Suet. Vesp. 7; Tac. A. 3, 9; Front. Strat. 1, 11, 3: [p. 1448] 4, 5, 11; cf.:
pro comitio,
Suet. Aug. 43:
uti pro consilio imperatum erat,
in the council, Sall. J. 29, 6; cf.:
supplicatio in triduum pro collegio decemvirūm imperata fuit,
Liv. 38, 36:
pontifices pro collegio decrevisse,
Gell. 11, 3, 2:
pro collegio pronuntiare,
Liv. 4, 26, 9:
suas simultates pro magistratu exercere,
id. 39, 5:
pro munimentis castelli manipulos explicat,
before, on the fortifications, Tac. A. 2, 80; 12, 33: stabat pro litore diversa acies, in front of or upon the shore, id. ib. 14, 30:
legionem pro ripā componere,
id. ib. 12, 29:
velamenta et infulas pro muris ostentant,
in front of, from the walls, Tac. H. 3, 31; so,
pro muris,
id. A. 2, 81:
ad hoc mulieres puerique pro tectis aedificiorum saxa et alia, quae locus praebebat, certatim mittere,
standing on the edge of the roofs, from the roofs, Sall. J. 67, 1 Kritz.—
B.
Transf.
1.
To signify a standing before or in front of, for defence or protection; hence an acting for, in behalf of, in favor of, for the benefit of, on the side of (opp. contra, adversum):
veri inveniendi causā contra omnia dici oportere et pro omnibus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 18, 60; cf.:
hoc non modo non pro me, sed contra me est potius,
id. de Or. 3, 20, 75:
partim nihil contra Habitum valere, partim etiam pro hoc esse,
id. Clu. 32, 88:
difficillimum videtur quod dixi, pro ipsis esse quibus eveniunt ista, quae horremus ac tremimus,
Sen. Prov. 3, 2:
haec cum contra legem proque lege dicta essent,
Liv. 34, 8: pro Romano populo armis certare, Enn. ap. Non. 150, 6 (Ann. v. 215 Vahl.); cf.: pro vostrā vitā morti occumbant, id. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 62 (Trag. v. 176 Vahl.): quae ego pro re publica fecissem, Cato ap. Front. p. 149:
nihil ab eo praetermissum est, quod aut pro re publicā conquerendum fuit, aut pro eā disputandum,
Cic. Sest. 2, 3:
omnia me semper pro amicorum periculis, nihil umquam pro me ipso deprecatum,
id. de Or. 2, 49, 201:
convenit dimicare pro legibus, pro libertate, pro patriā,
id. Tusc. 4, 19, 43:
dulce et decorum est pro patriā mori,
Hor. C. 3, 2, 13; cf. id. ib. 3, 19, 2:
pro sollicitis non tacitus reis,
id. ib. 4, 1, 14:
spondere levi pro paupere,
id. A. P. 423:
urbes, quae viris aut loco pro hostibus et advorsum se opportunissumae erant,
Sall. J. 88, 4:
nec aliud adversus validissimas gentes pro nobis utilius, quam, etc.,
Tac. Agr. 12:
et locus pro vobis et nox erit, Liv 9, 24, 8: et loca sua et genus pugnae pro hoste fuere,
id. 39, 30, 3:
pro Corbulone aetas, patrius mos... erant: contra, etc.,
Tac. A. 3, 31; id. H. 4, 78; Curt. 4, 14, 16.—
2.
With the notion of replacement or substitution, in the place of, instead of, for.
a.
In gen.: numquam ego argentum pro vino congiario... disdidi, Cato ap. Front. p. 149:
ego ibo pro te, si tibi non libet,
Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 10:
ego pro te molam,
Ter. And. 1, 2, 29; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 13:
mutata (ea dico), in quibus pro verbo proprio subicitur aliud... ut cum minutum dicimus animum pro parvo, etc.,
id. Or. 27, 92 sq.; cf.:
libenter etiam copulando verba jungebant, ut sodes pro si audes, sis pro si vis... ain' pro aisne, nequire pro non quire, malle pro magis velle, nolle pro non velle. Dein etiam saepe et exin pro deinde et exinde dicimus,
id. ib. 45, 154:
pro vitulā statuis dulcem Aulide natam, Hor S. 2, 3, 199: pro bene sano Ac non incauto fictum astutumque vocamus,
id. ib. 1, 3, 61; cf. Suet. Caes. 70:
pro ope ferendā sociis pergit ipse ire, etc.,
Liv. 23, 28, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.; Zumpt, Gram. § 667; cf.:
pro eo, ut ipsi ex alieno agro raperent, suas terras, etc.,
Liv. 22, 1, 2.—
b.
Esp. freq. in connection with the title of any officer, to denote his substitute' pro consule, pro praetore, pro quaestore, pro magistro, etc. (afterwards joined into one word, as proconsul, propraetor, proquaestor, promagister, etc.), proconsul, proprœtor, proquœstor, vice-director:
cum pro consule in Ciliciam proficiscens Athenas venissem,
Cic. de Or. 1, 18, 82; cf.:
cum L. Philippus pro consulibus eum se mittere dixit, non pro consule,
instead of the consuls, not as proconsul, id. Phil. 11, 8, 18:
nec pro praetore, Caesarem (vocat),
id. ib. 13, 10, 22; Liv. 35, 1. cum Alexandriae pro quaestore essem, Cic. Ac. 2, 4, 11' cf.:
litteris Q. Caepionis Bruti pro consule... Q. Hortensii pro consule opera, etc.,
id. Phil. 10, 11, 26: P. Terentius operas in portu et scripturā Asiae pro magistro dedit, id. Att. 11, 10, 1; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 169; id. Fam. 13, 65, 1; see also the words proconsul, promagister, propraetor, proquaestor, etc.—
c.
So of price, penalty, etc., in exchange, in return for:
tres minas pro istis duobus dedi,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 138; id. Aul. 3, 3, 8:
pro hujus peccatis ego supplicium sufferam,
Ter. And. 5, 3, 17:
dimidium ejus quod pactus esset, pro carmine daturum,
Cic. de Or. 2, 86, 351:
pro vitā hominis nisi hominis vita reddatur, non posse deorum inmortalium numen placari,
Caes. B. G. 6, 16:
id pro immolatis in foro Tarquiniensium Romanis poenae hostibus redditum,
Liv. 7, 19, 3:
vos, pro paternis sceleribus, poenas date,
Sen. Med. 925; Lact. 2, 7, 21:
pro crimine poenas,
Ov. Ib. 621.—
3.
Pro is also frequently used to denote the viewing, judging, considering, representing of a thing as something, for, the same as, just as, as:
pro sano loqueris, quom me appellas nomine,
Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 24:
sese ducit pro adulescentulo,
id. Stich. 3, 1, 65; id. Cist. 1, 3, 24:
hunc Eduxi a parvulo, habui, amavi pro meo,
as my own, Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 23:
Cato ille noster qui mihi unus est pro centum milibus,
whose voice I regard as equal to that of thousands, Cic. Att. 2, 5, 1:
Siciliam nobis non pro penariā cellā, sed pro aerario fuisse,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 2, § 5:
P. Sestio pro occiso relictus est,
id. Sest. 38, 81; Caes. B. G. 3, 109:
cum pro damnato mortuoque esset,
as good as condemned and dead, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 33:
summa ratio, quae sapientibus pro necessitate est,
Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 3:
negotia pro solatiis accipiens,
Tac. A. 4, 13:
consuli pro hostibus esse,
Liv. 43, 5, 4:
adeo incredibilis visa res, ut non pro vano modo, sed vix pro sano nuncius audiretur,
as a boaster, Liv. 39, 49: quoniam de adventu Caesaris pro certo habebamus, to consider as certain, Mat. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, 6 et saep.; v. certus.—
4.
Esp. in certain phrases: pro eo, for the same thing, as just the same:
ut si a Caesare, quod speramus, impetrarimus, tuo beneficio nos id consecutos esse judicemus: sin minus, pro eo tantum id habeamus, cum a te data sit opera, ut impetraremus,
Cic. Fam. 13, 7, 5.—With the particles of comparison: atque ( ac), ac si, quasi, just the same as, even as, as though: pro eo ac debui, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 1:
pro eo ac si concessum sit,
Cic. Inv. 1, 32, 54:
pro eo est atque si adhibitus non esset,
Dig. 28, 1, 22:
pro eo erit quasi ne legatum quidem sit,
ib. 30, 1, 38: pro eo quod, for the reason that, because:
pro eo quod ejus nomen erat magnā apud omnes gloriā,
Cic. de Or. 2, 18, 75: pro eo quod pluribus verbis vos quam volui fatigavi, veniam a vobis petitam velim, Liv 38, 49 fin. —
5.
On account of, for the sake of:
dolor pro patriā,
Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 24:
tumultus pro recuperandā re publicā,
id. Brut. 90, 311 dub. (B. and K. omit pro):
dedit pro corpore nummos, i. e. to rescue his person,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 43:
aliquem amare pro ejus eximiā suavitate,
Cic. de Or 1, 55, 234:
pro quibus meritis quanto opere dilectus sit,
Suet. Aug. 57:
cum pro incolumitate principis vota susceperunt,
Tac. A. 4, 17:
pro bono (= bene),
Sall. J. 22, 4.—
6.
Pro is used in its most general sense in stating the relation between two objects or actions, in proportion, in comparison with, according to or as, conformably to, by virtue of, for, etc.:
meus pater nunc pro hujus verbis recte et sapienter facit,
according to his story, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 133:
tu pro oratione nec vir nec mulier mihi's,
id. Rud. 4, 4, 71: pro viribus tacere ac fabulari, according to one's ability, Enn. ap. Non. 475, 4 (Trag. v. 181 Vahl.):
facere certum'st pro copiā ac sapientiā,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 8:
agere pro viribus,
Cic. Sen. 9, 27:
aliquem pro dignitate laudare,
id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33:
proelium atrocius quam pro numero pugnantium fuit,
Liv. 21, 29: pro imperio, by virtue of his office or authority:
quia pro imperio palam interfici non poterat,
Liv. 1, 51, 2; hence, imperatively, dictatorially, summarily:
nec illum ipsum submovere pro imperio posse more majorum,
id. 2, 56, 12 ' hem! satis pro imperio, quisquis es, Ter. Phorm. 1, 4, 18:
pro tuā prudentiā,
Cic. Fam. 4, 10, 2; 11, 12, 2:
cum in eam rationem pro suo quisque sensu ac dolore loqueretur,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 27, § 69:
quibus aliquid opis fortasse ego pro meā, tu pro tuā, pro suā quisque parte ferre potuisset,
id. Fam. 15, 15, 3: pro virili parte, according to one's ability, id. Sest. 66, 138; Liv. praef. 2; Ov. Tr. 5, 11, 23. —Esp. freq.: pro ratā parte and pro ratā, in proportion, proportionably; v. ratus:
pro se quisque,
each according to his ability, each one for himself, Cic. Off. 3, 14, 58; Caes. B. G. 2, 25; Verg. A. 12, 552 et saep.:
pro tempore et pro re,
according to time and circumstances, Caes. B. G. 5, 8:
pro facultatibus,
Nep. Epam. 3, 5.—Pro eo, quantum, or ut, in proportion to, as, according to, according as:
eāque pro eo, quantum in quoque sit ponderis, esse aestimanda,
Cic. Fin. 4, 21, 58:
equidem pro eo, quanti te facio, quicquid feceris, approbabo,
id. Fam. 3, 3, 2: tamen pro eo ut temporis difficultas tulit, etc., L. Metell. ap. Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 54, § 126.
► In composition the o is long in some words, in others short (through the influence of the Gr.
pro-): prōdeo, prŏfiteor; and even in words borrowed from the Greek, as prōlogus.—Its signification has reference either to place, before, forwards; or to protection, for; procedo, procurro, profanus; procuro, propugno, prosum, protego.
2.
prō (less correctly prōh), interj., an exclamation of wonder or lamentation, O! Ah! Alas! (class.).
(α).
With nom.:
proh! bonae frugi hominem te jam pridem esse arbitror,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 4: pro Juppiter! Enn. ap. Varr L. L. 7, § 12 Müll. (Trag. v 225 Vahl.); Ter. And. 4, 3, 17; id. Eun. 3, 5, 2; id. Ad. 1, 2, 31; cf.:
pro supreme Juppiter,
id. ib. 2, 1, 42:
pro Juppiter, Hominis stultitiam!
id. ib. 3, 3, 12:
pro di immortales,
id. ib. 3, 4, 1; cf.: pro, dii immortales: Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33:
pro curia inversique mores!
Hor. C. 3, 5, 7:
pro scelus,
Mart. 2, 46, 8.—
(β).
Parenthet.:
pro, quanta potentia regni Est, Venus alma, tui,
Ov. M. 13, 758:
et mea, pro! nullo pondere verba cadunt,
id. H. 3, 98:
tantum, pro! degeneramus a patribus,
Liv. 22, 14, 6; Curt. 4, 16, 10.—
(γ).
With acc.: pro divom fidem! Enn. ap. Don. ad. Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 25 (Sat. v. 30 Vahl.); Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 28; cf.:
pro deum atque hominum fidem!
id. And. 1, 5, 2; 11; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 9; Cic. Tusc. 5, 16, 48;
instead of which, ellipt.: pro deum immortalium!
Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 4:
pro deum atque hominum,
id. Hec. 2, 1, 1:
pro fidem deum! facinus foedum,
id. Eun. 5, 4, 21.—
(δ).
With gen.: pro malae tractationis! Tert. Poen. fin.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > pro
105 committo

com-mitto, mīsī, missum, ere, zusammenlassen, zusammenbringen, I) eig.: a) mater. lebl. Objj. zusammenlassen, aneinanderlassen = zusammenfügen, aneinander- oder aufeinanderfügen, verbinden, vereinigen (Ggstz. dirimere), u. refl. se committere od. Passiv committi medial = zusammengehen, sich anschließen, dicht anstoßen, sich verbinden, sich vereinigen, malos (Balken, Ständer), Caes.: opera (Befestigungswerke), Liv.: maria, Curt.: duas noctes, Ov.: plagarum orae committuntur, Cels.: quia vehementer rursus se commiserunt (orae ossis), Cels. – influentem urbi Tiberinum (den Tiber) ponte, Flor. – m. Ang. wem? womit? durch Dat., durch cum u. Abl., durch inter se, zB. dextram dextrae, Ov.: manum Teucris, poet. = handgemein werden, Verg.: lacum flumini, Plin. ep.: urbem continenti (von einem Damm), Curt.: viam viae, Liv.: ubi se (Syria) Ciliciae committit, Mela: quā naris fronti committitur, Ov.: costae committuntur cum osse pectoris, Cels.: orae scroti suturis inter se committendae, Cels.: nondum commissa inter se munimenta, Liv.: v. der Wortfügung, res in ordinem digestae et inter se commissae, Quint.: vermiculate lexeis inter se c., Quint. – m. Ang. wohin? wozu? durch in u. Akk., donec se duo capita in priorem partem (nach vorn) committant, Cels.: commissa in unum crura, Ov.: ceterae suturae in unguem committuntur, vereinigen sich auss genauste, Cels. – b) leb. Wesen, α) zum Kampf u. Wettstreit aneinanderlassen, aneinanderhetzen, bei Ang. mit wem? konstr. mit cum u. Abl., mit bl. Dat., m. inter se, zum Kampfe, duos canes in conspectu populi, Frontin.: arietes vel boves, ICt. – u. acies commissas solvere, Prop. – bes. in den öffentl. Spielen, quingenos pedites, tricenos equites hinc inde, Suet.: pugiles Latinos cum Graecis, Suet. – zum Wortgezänk, omnes inter se, Suet. – zum Wettstreit mit Worten, aequales inter se, Suet. – β) zum Vergleich zusammenstellen, vates, Iuven. 6, 436: sua scripta antiquae Corinnae, Prop. 2, 3, 21.

II) mehr übtr.: 1) etw. zu Werke-, zur Ausführung-, zur Anwendung bringen, a) im allg., beginnen, stattfinden lassen, abhalten, anstellen, veranstalten (Ggstz. finire), bei Ang. mit wem? mit cum u. Abl. od. m. inter se, zB. pugnam u. pugnam cum alqo, Cic.: proelium, Caes.: proelium a dextro cornu, Caes.: proelium cum hostium equitatu, Caes.: commissum erat proelium inter Macedones Ariosque, Curt.: modicum certamen, Liv.: leve certamen in alto, Liv.: bellum, Liv., verb. (im Ggstz.) bellum c. et profligare (seinem Ende nahe bringen), Liv. (s. Fabri Liv. 21, 40, 11): bellum ad Chalcidem, Liv.: bellum prospere, Liv., inconsultius, Iustin.: primo tempore commissum est Punicum bellum, profligatum secundo, tertio vero confectum est, Flor. – c. obsidionem, Curt.: c. rixam, Liv. – agona musicum, aufführen, Suet.: u. so spectaculum, Liv.: ludos, Cic. – cenam maturo ovo, Varr. fr. – tribuni sanguine commissa proscriptio, Ciceronis paene finita, Vell. – iudicium inter sicarios committitur, Cic.: fausto committitur omine sermo, Ov. – absol. = eine Schlacht liefern, kämpfen, parvā manu cum copiosissimo hoste, Eutr.: contra Sullam, Eutr.: priusquam committeretur, vor Beginn des Kampfes, Suet. – b) etw. Straffälliges ins Werk setzen, zur Ausführung kommen lassen, ausüben, begehen, verschulden, α) m. Ang. der Sache, die man begeht, αα) durch Acc., tantum facinus, Cic.: multa virilis audaciae facinora, Sall.: multa maleficia, Cic.: tantum scelus, Cic.: tantum nefas, Curt.: multas nefarias res, Cic.: delictum maius, Caes.: caedem, caedes, Ov. u. Curt.: parricidium, Quint.: incestum cum filia, Quint.: nihil commisisse, Cic.: si quae culpa commissa est, Cic.: ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti, Verri crimini daturus sum, Cic. – m. Ang. gegen wen? durch in od. erga od. adversus u. Akk., multa et in deos et in homines impie nefarieque, Cic.: quod secus a me erga te commissum videretur, Cic.: quae Philippi bello adversus populum Romanum commisissent, Liv. – ββ) durch folg. Infin., es dahin kommen lassen, committit saepe repelli, Ov. met. 9, 632: hoc cum saepius bubulci fieri vident, non committunt scamna facere, Col. 2, 4, 3. – γγ) durch folg. ut u. Konj., es dahin kommen lassen, es verschulden, daß usw., id me commissurum, ut patiar fieri ne animum induxeris, Plaut.: sordidum ad famam (est) committere, ut accusator nominere, Cic. – oft m. vorhergeh. Negation, non committet hodie ut vapulet, Ter.: non committam posthac, ut me accusare de epistularum neglegentia possis, Cic.: quā re ne committeret, ut is locus, ubi constitissent, a populi Romani calamitate nomen caperet, Caes. – δδ) durch folg. quare od. cur, quod neque commissum a se intellegeret, quare timeret, neque etc., Caes. b. G. 1, 14, 2: Caedicius negare se commissurum, cur sibi quisquam imperium finiret, Liv. 5, 46, 6. – β) absol., etwas verüben, es versehen, fehlen, sündigen, cum verisimile erit, aliquem commisisse, Cic.: nemo enim committeret, Cic. – m. Ang. gegen was? durch contra od. in od. adversus u. Akk., contra legem, Cic.: contra leges, ICt.: in legem, ICt.: adversus testamentum, ICt. – m. Ang. nach welchem Gesetze? durch Abl., lege censoriā, Varr.: lege de sicariis, Quint. – c) machen, daß eine Vertrags- od. Rechtsbestimmung od. eine Strafe in Anwendung kommt, in Kraft tritt, d.i. α) eine Vertragsbestimmung in Erfüllung gehen-, vor sich gehen lassen, civitas obligata sponsione commissā, durch die bereits vor sich gegangene (verwirkte) Verbürgung, Liv. 9, 11, 10: hanc ego devotionem capitis mei... convictam esse et commissam putabo, als verwirkt erwiesen u. der Augenblick der Erfüllung eingetreten sei, Cic. de domo 145. – u. so bei den Juristen, c. edictum, stipulationem, die Erfüllung des Edikts usw. verwirken, ICt.: stipulatio committitur, tritt in Wirkung, ICt.: so auch cautio committitur, ICt.: dies committendi, Verfalltag, ICt. – β) eine Strafe zur Anwendung kommen lassen, verwirken, multam, Cic.: poenam octupli, Cic. – dah. γ) Partiz. Perf. commissus v. Strafobjekt, verfallen, hypothecae commissae, Cic.: hereditas Veneri Erycinae (der V.) commissa, Cic.: hanc fiduciam (Unterpfand, Hypothek) commissam tibi dicis, Cic.

2) jmd. od. etw. in den Bereich, in den Schutz, in die Willkür usw. jmds. od. einer Sache hinlassen, d.i. in einen Ort usw. sich getrauen od. sich wagen lassen (dah. se committere oft = sich getrauen, sich wagen), jmdm. od. einem Ggstde. anheimgeben, überlassen, anvertrauen, aussetzen, preisgeben, m. Ang. wohin? wem? durch in u. Akk. od. durch bl. Dat., α) pers. Objj.: se longius a portibus, Caes.: se in conclave, Cic.: se in senatum, Cic.: se in populi Romani conspectum, Cic.: ne duae legiones sine Picentinis cohortibus in conspectum Caesaris committerentur, Cic.: c. duos filios in aleam eius, qui proponitur, casus, Liv.: se non c. in aciem, Liv.: se urbi, Cic.: se theatro populoque Romano, sich ins Th. u. vor die Augen des röm. Volkes wagen, Cic.: se ludis, bei den öffentlichen Spielen zu erscheinen wagen, Cic.: se publico non c., nicht wagen, sich öffentlich sehen zu lassen, Suet.: se non solum populo, sed etiam senatui, Cic.: se itineri tam infesto tamque periculoso, Cic.: se tam longae navigationi et viae, Cic.: se nusquam proelio, Liv.: persecutis hostibus nusquam se aequo certamine, Liv. – alci filiam, Ter., liberos suos, Ter.: ovem lupo (sprichw., griech. καταλείπειν οϊν εν λύκοισι), Ter. eun. 832: infirmas legiones hostibus committere non audere, Hirt. b. G.: mulierem alci primo partu, Ter.: alqm fidei alcis, Curt.: alqm fidei tutelaeque alcis, Curt.: alqm fidei potestatique alcis, Cic.: ut commissus sit fidei (vestrae), permissus potestati, Cic.: ego me tuae commendo et committo fide (= fidei), Ter.: se aut mortis aut servitutis periculo, Cic.: post cibum se neque frigori neque aestui neque labori, Cels. – mit Ang. als wen? durch Prädikatsakk., gnatam suam alci uxorem, Ter.: alci alqm alendum, Ov. – β) leblose Objj.: collum tonsori, Cic.: semen solo, Col.: non protinus aciem (Auge) infirmam improbo lumini, Sen.: c. alci epistulam, Cic.: c. alci alqd legendum, Fronto: alci litteras liberiores, Cic.: alci portam, (zur Bewachung) anvertrauen, Verg.: alci urbem, zur Verteidigung anvertrauen, Frontin.: alci bellum, den Kr. (= die Führung des Kr.), Cic.: u. so alci bellum contra Afros, Eutr.: iudici litem, Petr.: quaedam domestica litteris (einem Briefe) non c., Cic. (vgl. sed haec ipsa nescio rectene sit litteris commissa, Cic.): (alci) consilia, Cic.: alci fortunas suas, Ter.: summum imperium potestatemque alci, Nep.: (alci) custodiam pecuniae, Curt.: alci rem publicam, Liv. u.a. (s. Drak. Liv. 25, 7, 3): alci salutem suam, Curt.: salutem navibus, Iustin.: alci vitam, Cic.: rem proelio, es auf ein Tr. ankommen lassen, Caes.: ebenso rem in aciem, Liv.: rem in casum ancipitis eventus, Liv.: ne rem committeret eo, ubi duae acies timendae essent, Liv.: c. rem publicam in discrimen, die Sache des Staates dem Risiko preisgeben (auf die Spitze stellen), Liv. – γ) absol., alci comm., es jmdm. anheimgeben, jmdm. die Sache in die Hand geben, es auf jmd. ankommen lassen, auch jmdm. sich anvertrauen (s. Madvig Epist. crit. ad Orell. p. 26 sq. u. p. 184. Zumpt Cic. Verr. 4, 16), sanan es, quae isti committas, Plaut.: eis commisi et credidi, Ter.: commisi Heio, Cic.: cui denique commisit, Cic. – m. Ang. in betreff wessen? durch de u. Abl., alci de existimatione sua, Cic. Verr. 3, 137. – m. Ang. des Zweckes durch ut u. Konj., alci, ut videat, ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat, Cic. Mil. 70. – / Synkop. Perf. commisti, Ter. eun. 832 Fl.

lateinisch-deutsches > committo
106 fas

fās, n. indecl. (zu fārī, fātum), die Äußerung; dah. I) eig., der göttliche Ausspruch, das göttliche Gebot, die göttlichen Satzungen, das göttliche Gesetz, -Recht (im Ggstz. zu ius, den menschl. Satzungen, dem menschl. Rechte), sicut fas iusque est, Liv.: ius ac fas colere, Liv.: ius ac fas omne delere, Cic.: fas omne violare, Lact.: contra fas, contra auspicia, contra omnes divinas atque humanas religiones, Cic.: contra ius fasque, Cic. u. Sall. – personif., audi Iuppiter, audite fines, audiat fas, Liv.: prima deûm Fas, quae Themis est Graiis, Auson.: fas omne mundi, alle Götter, Sen. poët. – II) übtr.: A) das nach göttlichem Gebote, also auch nach dem Gesetze der Natur u. nach unserem sittlichen Gefühl Pflichtmäßige, Erlaubte, die heilige Pflicht, das heilige Recht, die heilige Ordnung, Weltordnung (im Ggstz. zu nefas, dem Pflichtwidrigen, dem Unrecht, der Sünde, einerseits u. zu ius, der auf menschl. Gesetze u. Herkommen begründeten Befugnis, andrerseits), 1) im allg.: per omne fas et nefas alqm sequi, in allem Guten u. Bösen, Liv.: per omne fas ac nefas ruere, alles Recht mit Füßen treten, Lucan.: ubi fas versum atque nefas, Verg.: omne fas abrumpere, Verg.: ius fasque exuere, Tac.: ultra fas trepidare, Hor. – fas gentium, Tac.: id fas armorum et ius hostium est, Tac.: fas disciplinae, Tac. – dah. fas est, wie ὅδιόν εστι, es ist (nach göttlichem Gesetze, also auch nach dem Gesetze der Natur und nach unserem sittlichen Gefühl) pflichtmäßig, es schickt sich, es ist erlaubt, -zulässig, -gestattet, -möglich, quod aut per naturam fas esset aut per leges liceret, Cic.: sicut fas iusque est, Liv.: si fas est, Catull. u.a.: si ius, si fas est, Ter.: si fas est m. folg. Infin., Cic. u.a.: mit 2. Supin., si hoc fas est dictu, Cic. Tusc. 5, 38. – contra quam fas erat, Cic. – fas est u. fas non est m. folg. Infin., Cic., Caes. u.a.: alci fas est m. Infin., Enn. fr. var. 23. Tac. ann. 1, 77. – fas existimare, Plaut., od. fas habere, Quint., od. fas putare, Caes., m. folg. Infin. od. Acc. u. Infin. – fas habere m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, Plaut. trin. 288. – 2) insbes., v. den Gerichtstagen: quando rex comitiavit, fas, ist es erlaubt, Gericht zu halten; Varro LL. 6, 31 (vgl. 6, 29). – B) das durch das göttl. Gesetz, also auch durch das Naturgesetz bestimmte Schicksal, Verhängnis, fas obstat, Verg. – bes. fas est m. folg. Infin. od. Acc. u. Infin., es ist vom Schicksal bestimmt, si cadere fas est, Ov.: me natam nulli veterum sociare procorum fas erat, Verg.

lateinisch-deutsches > fas
107 sto [1]

1. sto, stetī, statum, stātūrus, āre (Stamm sta, wie in εστη-κα, εστάναι, ahd. stân), stehen, I) im Ggstz. zum Sitzen usw., im weiteren Sinne = stehend verweilen, sich aufhalten, sich befinden, A) eig.: 1) im allg.: a) v. leb. Wesen: stant ambo, non sedent, Plaut.: cum virgo staret et Caecilia in sella sederet, Cic.: stans ac rectus homo (Ggstz. humilis et ad terram more quadrupedum abiectus), Liv.: stantes (im Stehen, sich erhoben habend) plaudebant, Cic. (vgl. stantia in plausum tota theatra, Prop.): Minerva, quae est in Parthenone stans (in stehender Stellung), Plin.: stando (im Stehen) mingens, Amm.: cui standi (sich auf den Füßen zu erhalten) vulnera vires non dederant, Ov.: stans pede in uno, Hor.: stante alqo, in jmds. Gegenwart, Cic. u. Tac.: me stante, Cic.: stantibus legatis, in Gegenwart d.G., Liv. – ad ianuam, ad curiam, Cic.: ad fores, Curt.: ante aedes, Plaut.: post aulaea, Curt.: in atriis, Plaut.: in conspectu exercitus, Curt.: cum gladiis in conspectu senatus, Cic.: circum senatum (v. Bürgern usw.), Cic.: propter in occulto, Cic.: stat super (oben darauf, auf dem Wagen), Ov.: hic foris, Plaut.: hinc procul, Ter.: qui proximi steterant, Caes. – Pass. impers., quid agitur? statur! Plaut. u. Ter. – b) v. lebl. Subjj.: stabat in his (lucis) ingens quercus, Ov.: in cava nullus stet tibi nare pilus, Ov.: stant saxa antro, Ov.: stramenta stantia in segete relinquit, ut postea subsecentur, Varro. – v. Altären u. Bildsäulen, stabant sine ignibus arae, Ov.: quorum statuae steterunt in rostris, Cic.: signa stant ad impluvium, Cic.: stabat commune sepulcrum, Hor.: aëneus (als eherne Bildsäule) ut stes, Hor.: levi de marmore tota stabis, wirst dastehen (als Bildsäule) aus M., Verg. – v. Webstuhle und dem Gewebe, aufrecht stehend, stans tela, Ov. met. 4, 275: stantes telae, Ov. fast. 3, 819.

2) insbes.: a) als milit. t.t. – stehen, aufgestellt sein, laxius, Curt.: in ulteriore ripa, Curt.: ante signa, Curt.: pro porta (v. Posten), Liv.: extra teli iactum, Liv.: sub armis, Auct. b. Afr.: in acie, Auct. b. Hisp.: haud impari acie, Liv.: pars aciei stetit sub hoste (tiefer als der F.), Auct. b. Afr.: quotā parte virium suarum ibi dimicavit Antiochus? In Asia totius Asiae steterunt vires, Liv.: stetimus tela aspera contra contulimusque manus, Verg.: Bactriani armati stabant, Curt.: Eumenes rex Attalusque cum omni manu sua ab tergo inter postremam aciem ac vallum steterunt, Liv. – b) v. Dienern, dastehen, aufwarten, pueri eximiā facie stabant, C. Gracch. fr.: sto exspectans, si quid mihi imperent, Ter.: ad cyathum et vinum, Suet.: ad pedes, Suet. – c) v. Buhldirnen = prostare, feilstehen, meritoria (sc. scorta) intra urbem stare vetuit, Vopisc. Tac. 10, 2: stat meretrix certo cuivis mercabilis aere, Ov. am. 1, 10, 21: olente in fornice stans, Hor. sat. 1, 2, 30: quod steterat multis in carcere fornicis annis, Iuven. 10, 239; vgl. 11, 172. – d) von Gebäuden = fertig dastehen, erbaut sein, iam stabant Thebae, Ov.: stet Capitolium fulgens, Hor.: aedificant muros. Stabat opus, Ov.: iam stare ratem, Val. Flacc. – e) v. Schiffen u. Schiffern, wo liegen, vor Anker liegen, stant litore puppes, Verg.: lembi, qui in Strymone stabant, Liv.: stabat classis in salo ad Leptim, Auct. b. Afr.: classe divisā pars in salo ad ostium portus in ancoris stetit, Liv.: intra sexagesimum diem quam caesa silva erat centum sexaginta navium classis in ancoris stetit, Flor.: nox ea, quā propter vim tempestatis stare ad ancoram in salo Romana classis non posset, Liv. – f) starrend stehen, emporstehen, -starren, -ragen, steteruntque comae, Verg. u. Ov.: crines fulti pulvere, Stat.: saetae, cristae, Ov.: stant mammae, Plin. – g) mit Abl. = von etwas starren, strotzen, vollstehen, -sein, cupressi stant rectis foliis, Enn. fr.: stat ager sentibus, Caecil. com. fr.: stat nive candidum Soracte, Hor.: pulvere caelum stare, Verg.: stant lumina flammā, Verg.

B) bildl.: 1) im allg.: in fastigio eloquentiae, Quint.: ante oculos stat ille meos, Ov.: pericula stant circum alqm, Verg.

2) auf jmds. Seite stehen, -sein, ihm anhangen, beistehen, od. das Gegenteil, gegen jmd. stehen, jmds. Gegner sein, a) mit ab u. Abl.: stare a se potius quam ab adversariis, Cic.: ab iis stare, Nep.: a senatu et a bonorum causa stare, Cic. – b) mit cum u. Abl.: vobiscum me stetisse dicebat, Cic.: quae (pars) cum Romanis stabat, Liv.: cum di prope cum Hannibale starent, Liv.: capita nominis Latini stare ac sentire cum rege videbant, Liv.: übtr., fortuna cum barbaris stabat, Liv.: victoria stat tecum, Ov. – c) m. pro u. Abl.: pro nobis, Ov.: pro Iuba atque Afris, Quint.: pro Pompei partibus, id est pro re publica, Vell.: pro meliore causa, Curt.: pro isdem partibus, Sen.: ruina partium, pro quibus steterat, Liv. fr.: stabat pro templo, für den T. (als Schützer), er war der Tempelhüter, Verg.: übtr., si pro mea patria ista virtus staret, Liv.: ni pro iure gentium stetisset fortuna, Liv.: stabat pro partibus invicta fortuna, Flor.: stabit pro signis iusque piumque tuis, Ov. – d) m. in u. Abl.: Graeci, qui in Darei partibus steterant, Curt. 3, 11 (28), 18. – e) mit in od. contra od. adversus u. Akk., gew. im Ggstz. zu ab, cum, pro u. Abl.: nec steterunt in te virque paterque meus, Ov.: quod adversus populi commoda in senectute steterat, sich dem V. des V. widersetzt hatte, Nep.: cum saepe a mendacio contra verum stare homines consuescerent, Cic.: qui nobiscum adversus barbaros steterunt, Nep.: Ligarium non pro Cn. Pompeio, sed pro Iuba et Afris inimicissimis populo Romano stetisse, Quint.: Mulciber in Troiam, pro Troia stabat Apollo, Ov.: mox simulatione contra Pompeium et Caesarem, animo pro Caesare stetit, Vell.: quemadmodum Antiochi Philippique bello pro vobis adversus reges, sic nunc pro rege adversus vos stetimus, Liv.: cum quo ferocissime pro Romana societate adversus Punicum foedus steterat, Liv. – f) mit Advv.: hinc stas, illim causam dicis, Plaut. Men. 799: ut, unde stetisset, eo se victoria transferret, Iustin. 5, 4, 12: prope incondita Thurinorum turba nec satis fido animo, unde pugnabat, stans, Liv. 25, 15, 13: unde ius stabat, ei (populo) victoriam dedit (eventus belli), Liv. 21, 10, 9: aliunde stet semper, aliunde sentiat, Liv. 24, 45, 3.

3) auf jmd. od. etwas beruhen, m. in u. Abl. od. m. bl. Abl., omnis in Ascanio cari stat cura parentis, Verg.: stat salus in armis, Val. Flacc.: vigili stant bella magistro, Sil.

4) wie unser zu stehen kommen = kosten, centum talentis, Liv.: magno pretio, Hor.: alci gratis, Cic. Verr. 5, 48 (s. Zumpt z. St.). – übtr., multo sanguine ac vulneribus ea Poenis victoria stetit, Liv.: damnavit multo staturum sanguine Martem, Mart.: sanguine quippe, si renuat, blando nimium facilique marito statura obsequia, Sil.: nulla pestis humano generi pluris stetit, Sen.: tunc res immenso placuit statura labore, Lucan.: haud scio an magno detrimento certamen staturum fuerit, Liv.: periculum vitae meae tuo stat periculo, wird erkauft, ist zu haben für usw., Plaut.: Herculeo stabunt (logi ridiculi) prandio, cenā tibi, Plaut.

II) prägn.: A) eig.: 1) im Ggstz. zur Bewegung = stillstehen, -halten, still-, unbeweglich dastehen, sich nicht rühren, a) eig.: α) v. leb. Wesen, si iste ibit, ito: stabit, astato simul, Plaut.: sed abi intro, noli stare, Plaut.: quid stas lapis? Ter. – equus stare nescit, Verg.: ut taurus vaccā ademptā stare nequit, ruhen und rasten, Ov. – β) v. lebl. Subjj., wie v. Schiffen, videsne navem illam? stare nobis videtur, at iis qui in navi sunt moveri haec villa, Cic. Acad. 2, 81: stetit aequore puppis, Ov.: mea si staret navis in Oceano, still läge, Prop. – von Himmelskörpern, statim stant signa, Plaut. – von Gewässern und anderen Flüssigkeiten, stant aquae, Ov.: placidum ventis stat mare, Verg.: stantia freta, Ov.: stat et fracto dolio vinum, Sen.: gelidus in venis stetit haesitque sanguis, Sen. poët.: cuius ex levi tactu stabant profluvia sanguinis, Arnob. – vom Eis, stat glacies iners, Hor. – b) übtr., von der Zeit – gleichs. stillstehen, verweilen, non segnis stat remeatve dies, Tibull.: veluti stet volucris dies, Hor.

2) mit dem Nbbegr. der Festigkeit, a) als milit. t.t. – α) stehen, festen Fuß fassen, standhalten, in gradu (auf der Mensur), Cic.: qui (miles) steterit (Ggstz. abiecto scuto fugiat), Cic.: in acie stare ac pugnare (Ggstz. in castra refugere), Liv.: verb. comminus stare et impetum sustinere, Caes.: contra leonem etiam stetit, Spart. – β) übtr., v. Kampfe selbst – stehen, auf einer Stelle haften, schweben, anceps dicitur certamen stetisse, soll ohne allen Ausschlag gestanden haben, Liv.: ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit, Liv.: diu pugna neutro inclinata stetit, Liv. – b) von Felsen, Gebäuden = fest, unerschütterlich stehen, dauern (vgl. Drak. Liv. 31, 31, 15), quam si dura silex aut stet Marpesia cautes, Verg.: nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit, Cic.: stantibus Hierosolymis, Cic.: muros stare, Liv.: stantia moenia (Ggstz. ruinae muri), Liv.: aedes sacrae stantes (Ggstz. aedium sacrarum ruinae), Sen. – c) v. Geschossen, fest stecken bleiben, haften, missum stetit inguine ferrum, Ov.: hasta stetit medio tergo, Ov.: ossa inter ferreus ad costas alto stat vulnere mucro, Verg.

B) bildl.: 1) im allg., stillstehen, stehenbleiben, utinam res publica stetisset quo coeperat statu, Cic. de off. 2, 3: nihil quo stat loco stabit, omnia sternet abducetque secum vetustas, Sen. ad Marc. 26, 6.

2) stare per alqm, durch jmds. Schuld gleichs. hangen bleiben = an jmd. hangen, liegen, jmds. Schuld sein, per me stetisse, Ter.: non per me stetit, Quint. – oft stat od. non (nihil) stat per alqm m. folg. quo minus u. Konj., Caes., Liv. u.a., od. stat per alqm m. folg. quin od. ne u. Konj., Liv., Suet. u.a. (vgl. Drak. Liv. 8, 2, 2. M. Müller Liv. 2, 31, 11. Ruperti Tac. dial. 21 extr.): u. per alqm stat m. folg. ut u. Konj., Plin. ep. 10, 6 (22), 2. Ps. Quint. decl. 250: per alqm non stat m. folg. Infin., Scaevol. dig. 32, 1, 38. § 6.

3) mit dem Nbbegr. der Festigkeit u. Dauer = a) fest-, unerschüttert stehen, sich halten, sich behaupten, bestehen, verbleiben, Bestand haben (Ggstz. titubare, corruere, concĭdere), si stare non possunt, corruant, wenn sie sich nicht halten, sich nicht (bei ihren Vermögensumständen) behaupten können, so mögen sie fallen (bankrott werden), Cic.: qui me stante (solange ich mich in meiner Würde behauptete) stare non poterant, Cic.: per quos homines ordinesque steterim, Cic.: dum stabat regno incolumis, Verg.: stamus animis, sind festen Mutes, Cic.: stas animo, Hor.: quae si valuissent, res publica staret, tu tuis flagitiis concĭdisses, Cic.: res publica stat virtute suā, Liv.: regnum eorum novum fraternā stare concordiā, Liv.: tutelā muliebri res Latina et regnum avitum puero stetit, verblieb dem Kn., Liv.: stat nulla mortalibus umquam, fortunā titubante, fides, Sil.: nullo enim modo posse video stare istum (Caesarem) diutius, quin ipse per se etiam languentibus nobis concĭdat, Cic. ad Att. 10, 8, 6. – b) bei etw. festbleiben, α) = beharren, verharren, ihm nachkommen, an etw. sich halten bei etw. es bewenden lassen, m. in u. Abl., in fide, Cic.: in sententia, Liv.: stare oportet in eo, quod sit iudicatum, Cic. – m. bl. Abl., stant sententiā, Plaut.: suis stare iudiciis, Cic.: censoris opinione, Cic.: alcis iudicio, Cic.: alcis decreto, Caes.: illis promissis, Cic.: pacto, Liv.: ut palam in senatu diceret, staturus eo esset, quod censuissent, an ad populum laturus, Liv.: impers., eo stabitur consilio, Liv.: statur priore foedere, Liv. – mit Dat., arbitri sententiae, voluntati patris defuncti, ICt.: rei iudicatae, ICt. – β) übtr., feststehen = festgesetzt-, fest bestimmt-, fest beschlossen sein, stat sua cuique dies, Verg.: tempus agendae rei nondum stare, Liv.: u. so stat sententia, Ter.: stat pensata diu belli sententia, vincam servare invitos, Sil. – dah. stat alci sententia m. folg. Infin. = es steht bei jmd. der Entschluß-, der Wille fest, es ist bei jmd. fest beschlossen, zu usw., Liv.: so auch stat pectore fixum mit folg. Infin., Val. Flacc.: u. stat alci od. bl. stat mit folg. Infin., Cic. u.a. – c) v. Schauspielern u. Schauspielen, stehen = sich auf der Bühne halten, gefallen (Ggstz. cadere, exigi), in his, quas primum Caecilii didici novas, partim sum earum exactus, partim vix steti, Ter.: illi, scripta quibus comoedia prisca viris est, hoc stabant, Hor. – cum stetit olim nova (fabula), actoris operā magis stetisse quam suā, Ter.: securus, cadat an recto stet fabula talo, Hor. – / Perf. stĕtĕrunt gemessen, Verg. Aen. 2, 774; 3, 48. Prop. 2, 8, 10 M. Ov. her. 7, 166. – Das Supinum statum will Prisc. 9, 38 mit langem a, dagegen 10, 27 mit kurzem a gemessen haben; stātūrus mißt Lucan. 2, 566 u. 719; 3, 381. Sil. 17, 82. Mart. 6, 32, 3. – vulg. Nbf. isto, wov. istat, Augustin. serm. 118, 4 Mai: istamus, Itala (Fuld.) Roman. 5, 2: istatis, Itala (psalt. Veron.) psalm. 133, 1: ista, Itala (Fuld.) Iacob. 2, 3: istare, Isid. de nat. rer. 44, 2 cod. Bamb. A.

lateinisch-deutsches > sto [1]
108 a

a, f., n., indécl., [première lettre de l’alphabet] Cic. Div. 1, 23 II abréviations diverses: A. = Aulus [prénom] II = antiquo, je rejette [la proposition sur les bulletins de vote dans les comices] II = absolvo, j’absous [sur les bulletins des juges] ; [d’où l’appellation] littera salutaris Cic. Mil. 15 II A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae ; a. u. c. = ab urbe condita ; a. d. VIII Kal. Nov. = ante diem octavum Kalendas Novembres II [dans les inscr.] A. = Augustus ; A.A. = Augusti duo ; A.A.A. = Augusti tres ; III viri A.A.A.F.F. = triumviri auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo. ā, ou āh, interj., v. ah. ā, ăb, abs, prép. avec abl. (ἀπό). [ABCR]I [point de départ] [zapst]¶1 [avec des v. de mouvement, tr. ou int., simples ou composés] de: a) a signo Vortumni in Circum Maximum venire Cic. Verr. 1, 154: venir de la statue de Vertumne au Cirque Maxime, v. proficiscor, discedo, arcesso, etc ; b) [avec noms de pers.] de chez, d’auprès: a Caesare redire, Cic. Q. 2, 4, 6: revenir de chez César ; c) [sans verbe] non ille Serranus ab aratro, Cic. Sest. 72: non pas le fameux Serranus venu de sa charrue; quid tu, inquit, huc? a villa enim, credo, Cic. Fin. 3, 8: eh! dit-il, pourquoi toi ici? c’est de ta maison de campagne que tu viens, sans doute; d) [en parl de lettres] de la part de: litterae adlatae ab L. Porcio praetore, Liv. 26, 39, 1: une lettre apportée de la part du préteur L. Porcius, cf. Cic. Att. 7, 15, 5 ; 1, 15, 2; e) [avec adesse, marquant résultat du mouvement] adest a milite, Plaut. Ps. 924: il est là venant de la part du militaire, cf. Mil. 958, 1046; Ter. And. 268; Virg. En. 7, 454; dona adsunt tibi a Phaedria, Ter. Eun. 465: il y a là pour toi des présents de la part de Phaedria. f) [avec les noms de ville] de = des environs de [et non pas de l’intérieur de]: Cic., Caes. [zapst]¶2 [pour marquer la provenance] petere, postulare, quaerere, demander à; impetrare, obtenir de; accipere, recevoir de; habere, tenir de, etc.; emere, acheter à; sumere, haurire, prendre à, puiser à; trahere, tirer de; ducere, faire venir de, etc.; discere, audire, apprendre de, entendre de, etc. [zapst]¶3 [idée d’origine] a) oriri, prendre naissance à; fluere, découler de; nasci, naître de; proficisci, partir de, provenir de; ea sunt omnia non a natura, verum a magistro, Cic. Mur. 61: ces imperfections proviennent toutes non pas de la nature, mais du maître, cf. Har. 39; Fin. 1, 21; Off. 2, 69; sed haec et vetera et a Graecis, Cic. Tusc. 1, 74: mais tout cela c'est ancien et aussi tiré de l’histoire grecque, cf. Fam. 3, 13, 1; 5, 3, 1; 9, 16, 7; Par. 11; Sest. 122; b) [idée de naissance, de descendance] a Deucalione ortus, Tusc. 1, 21: né de Deucalion; a M. Tullio esse, Cic. Br. 62: descendre de M. Tullius II [filiation philosophique, littéraire, etc.] ab his oratores exstiterunt, Cic. Fin. 5, 7: d’eux (Péripatéticiens) sortirent des orateurs; erat ab isto Aristotele, Cic. de Or. 2, 160: il était de l’école de votre Aristote, cf. Or. 113; Mur. 63; c) Turnus Herdonius ab Aricia, Liv. l, 50, 3 [= Aricinus]: Turnus Herdonius d’Aricie, cf. 6, 13, 8; 6, 17, 7; pastor ab Amphryso, Virg. G. 3, 2: le berger Amphrysien [du fleuve Amphrysus] II de la maison de, [en parl. d’un esclave] Plaut. Ps. 616; Mil. 160; Curc. 407; Ter. And. 756; d) [étymologie] mater autem est a gerendis fructibus Ceres tamquam "Geres", Cic. Nat. 2, 67: quant à sa mère, son nom, Cérès, qui est comme Gérès, vient de gerere fructus, porter, produire les fruits, cf. 2, 64; 68; 2, 111; Leg. 2, 55; Varr. R. 1, 46; 2, 4, 17; 3, 12, 6, etc.; L. 5, 20; 5, 66 II maerere a marcere, Varr. L. 6, 50: maerere, s’affliger, vient de marcere, être affaissé; aures ab aveo, Varr. L. 6, 83: le mot aures, oreilles, vient de aveo, désirer [ABCR]II [mots grecs au datif ] L. 5, 103, etc. [zapst]¶4 [avec dare, possidere, promittere]: aliquid ab aliquo, donner, posséder, promettre qqch en le tenant de qqn, provenant de qqn, cf. Plaut. Cap. 449; Ps. 735; Cic. Flac. 44; Verr. 3, 177; a me argentum dedi, Plaut. Trin. 182: j’ai donné l’argent de ma poche, cf. 1144; Men. 545; aliquid a me promisi, Cic. de Or. 1, 111: j’ai promis qqch de mon fonds, cf. Pis. 84; Lucr. 4, 468; Suet. Caes. 84 II Antoni edictum legi a Bruto, Cic. Att. 16, 7, 7: l’édit d’Antoine, je l’ai lu de Brutus, le tenant de Brutus. [ABCR]II [éloignement, séparation, au pr. et fig.] de, loin de: [zapst]¶1 v. les verbes: dimittere, renvoyer de (loin de); excludere, deterrere, chasser de, détourner de, etc.; abhorrere, distare, differre, être éloigné de, différer de, etc.; de turba et a subselliis in otium se conferre, Cic. de Or, 2, 143: se retirer du milieu de la foule et loin des bancs du tribunal pour prendre du repos; ab oppido castra movere, Caes. BC. 3, 80, 7: en levant le camp s’éloigner de la ville; v. solvo, fugo, ejicio, aufero, etc. II [sans aucun verbe] a Chrysippo pedem numquam, Cic. Ac. 2, 143: de Chrysippe il ne s’éloigne jamais d’une semelle, cf. Att. 7, 3, 11; Fam. 7, 25, 2; nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, Cic. Tusc. 5, 92: pour le moment, dit-il, écarte-toi un tant soit peu de mon soleil II [nuances] unde dejecti Galli? a Capitolio? unde, qui cum Graccho fuerunt? ex Capitolio, Cic. Caec. 88: d’où furent rejetés les Gaulois? de l’accès au Capitole: d’où les partisans de Gracchus? du Capitole, cf. 86 [zapst]¶2 avec les verbes defendere, tueri, munire, tegere, prohibere, arcere, etc. défendre, protéger, garantir contre, écarter de II stabula a ventis hiberno opponere soli, Virg. G. 3, 302: placer l’écurie à l’abri des vents [en face de] exposée au soleil d’hiver. [zapst]¶3 [expression] ab re, contrairement à l’intérêt: Plaut. Cap. 338; As. 224; Trin. 239; haud ab re duxi referre, Liv. 8, 11, 1: j’ai cru qu’il n’était pas inopportun de rapporter. [ABCR]III du côté de [zapst]¶1 [sens local] a tergo, a latere, a fronte, de dos, de franc, de front [de face]: a decumana porta, Caes. BG. 6, 37, 1: du côté de la porte décumane; ab ea parte, Caes. BG. 6, 37, 2: de ce côté; ab terra ingens labor succedentibus erat, Liv. 26, 46, 1: du côté de la terre, il y avait d’énormes difficultés pour les assaillants, cf. Sall. J. 17, 4; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 21; surgens a puppi ventus, Virg. En. 5, 777: le vent s’élevant en poupe II ab Opis, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 17 [s.-ent. aede]: du côté du temple d’Ops (comp. ad Castoris), cf. Liv. 10, 47, 4 II Magnetes ab Sipylo, Cic. Q. 2, 9, 2: les Magnésiens qui habitent près du mont Sipyle, les Magnésiens du mont Sipyle, cf. Tac. An. 2, 47. [zapst]¶2 [point de départ, point d’attache]: stipites ab infimo revincti, Caes. BG. 7, 73, 3: troncs solidement attachés à la partie inférieure, par la base; cornua ab labris argento circumcludere, Caes. BG. 6, 28, 6: entourer d'argent les cornes sur les bords de la partie évasée. [zapst]¶3 [fig.] du côté de, du parti de, en faveur de: abs te stat, Plaut. Rud. 1100: il se tient de ton bord, cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 4; Br. 273; ab reo dicere, Cic. Clu. 93: parler en faveur de l'accusé; vide ne hoc totum sit a me, Cic. de Or. 1, 55: prends garde que cela ne soit tout en ma faveur; a petitore, a possessore agere, Plin. Ep. 6, 2, 2: plaider pour le compte du demandeur, du défendeur. [zapst]¶4 du côté de, sous le rapport de: a materno genere, Cic. Sull. 25: du côté maternel, par sa mère, cf. Ov. M. 2, 368; a re frumentaria laborare, Caes. BC. 3, 9, 5: souffrir de l'approvisionnement en blé; a mitilibus, a pecunia imparati, Cic. Att. 7, 15, 3: pris au dépourvu sous le rapport des troupes, de l'argent; ab exemplis copiose aliquid explicare, Cic. Br. 198: développer qqch avec une grande richesse d'exemples; tempus mutum a litteris, Cic. Att. 8, 14, 1: époque silencieuse sous le rapport des lettres [où l'on n'écrit point]; eorum impunitas fuit a judicio, a sermone, Cic. Post. 27: ils ont agi impunément au regard de la justice, au regard de l'opinion publique; mons vastus ab natura et humano cultu, Sall. J. 48, 3: montagne désolée sous le rapport de la nature du sol et de sa culture par l'homme [stérile et inculte]; ab omni parte, Hor. O. 2, 16, 27: sous tous les rapports. [zapst]¶5 servus a pedibus meis, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1 [mss]: esclave qui me sert du point de vue de mes pieds [qui fait mes courses] II [puis ab suivi du nom de l'objet confié à la garde, à la surveillance] servus ab argento, a frumento, a veste, a vinis, esclave préposé à l'argenterie, à l'approvisionnement, à la garde-robe, aux vins; a bibliotheca, bibliothécaire; a valetudinario, infirmier; liberti ab epistulis et libellis et rationibus, Tac. An. 15, 35: affranchis chefs du secrétariat, maîtres des requêtes, chefs de la comptabilité; libertus et a memoria ejus, Suet. Aug. 79: son affranchi en même temps que son historiographe; novum officium instituit a voluptatibus, Suet. Tib. 42: il créa une nouvelle charge, l'intendance des plaisirs. [ABCR]IV à partir de: [zapst]¶1 de, à partir de, depuis: a porta Esquilina video... Cic. de Or. 2, 276: de la porte Esquiline je vois..., cf. Caes. BG. 2, 24, 2; ut erat a Gergovia despectus in castra, Caes. BG. 7, 45, 4: étant donné que de Gergovie la vue plongeait dans le camp; a vestibulo curiae, Liv. 1, 48, 1: dès le vestibule de la curie; gemere ab ulmo, Virg. B. 1, 58: gémir au sommet de l'orme; ab equo oppugnare, Prop. 3, 11, 13: assaillir à cheval; contra sensus ab sensibus repugnat, Lucr. 1, 693: il va à l'encontre des sens en s'appuyant sur les sens; ab summo, Caes. BG. 2, 18, 1: à partir du sommet, cf. 7, 73, 6; a medio ad summum, Cic. Tim. 20: du centre aux extrémités; da ab Delphio cantharum circum, Plaut. Most. 347: fais circuler la coupe en commençant par Delphium, cf. As. 891; orae maritimae praesum a Formiis, Cic. Fam. 16, 12, 5: je commande le littoral à partir de Formies; ab eo loco, Fam. 7, 25, 2: à partir de ce passage, de ces mots... [zapst]¶2 [évaluation d'une distance]: septumas esse aedes a porta, Plaut. Ps. 597: [il m'a dit] que c'était la septième maison à partir de la porte, cf. Varr. R. 3, 2, 14; Caes. BG. 2, 7, 3; 4, 22, 4; 5, 32, 1; quod tanta machinatio ab tanto spatio instrueretur, Caes. BG. 2, 20, 3: (ils se moquaient) de la construction à une si grande distance d'une si grande machine; v. longe, prope, procul avec ab; ultima stella a caelo, Cic. Rep. 6, 16: étoile la plus éloignée du firmament II [limites d'un espace] ab... ad, depuis... jusqu'à: Caes. BG. l, 1, 7; Liv. 1, 2, 5, ab imo ad summum totus moduli bipedalis, Hor. S. 2, 3, 308: de la base au sommet haut en tout de deux pieds; a Vestae ad Tabulam Valeriam, Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 2: du temple de Vesta à la Table Valérienne. [zapst]¶3 à partir de = y compris, avec: teneram ab radice ferens cupressum, Virg. G. 1, 20: portant un tendre cyprès avec ses racines; ab radicibus imis, Virg. G. 1, 319: [épis arrachés] avec toutes leurs racines. [ABCR]V [point de départ d'un jugement, d'une opinion, etc.] [zapst]¶1 d'après: aliquid ab aliqua re cognoscere, Caes. BG 1, 22, 2: reconnaître qqch d'après tel détail; a certo sensu et vero judicare de aliquo, Br. d. Fam. 11, 10, 1: juger qqn avec un sentiment sûr et vrai; ab annis spectare, Virg. En. 9, 235: considérer d'après l'âge; populum ab annis digerere, Ov. F. 6, 83: partager l'ensemble des citoyens d'après l'âge, cf. M. 14, 323; Tr. 4, 6, 39; Ep. 2, 86 II ab arte inexperta, Tib. 2, 1, 56: avec un art inexpérimenté, cf. 1, 5, 4; Ov. Tr. 2, 462. [zapst]¶2 [point de départ d'un sentiment], d'après, par suite de, du fait de: v. metuere, timere ab aliquo, craindre du fait de qqn, cf. Cic. Amer. 8; Fam. 5, 6, 2; Sul. 59; Phil. 7, 2; Liv.22, 36, 1; 24, 38, 9; v. sperare ab aliquo Cic. Off. 1, 49; Phil. 12, 26; Pis. 12; Liv. 21, 13, 3; metus omnis a vi atque ira deorum pulsus esset, Cic. Nat. 1, 45: toute crainte de la puissance et de la colère des dieux serait chassée, cf. Liv. 23, 15, 7; 23, 36, 1; 25, 33, 5, etc. [ABCR]VI à partir de [temps], depuis [zapst]¶1 a primo, a principio, dès le début; a principiis, dès les débuts; ab initio, dès le commencement; a puero, a pueritia, dès l'enfance; ab ineunte adulescentia, dès le commencement de la jeunesse II [à la prépos. se joignent souvent inde, jam, jam inde, statim, protinus] II longo spatio temporis a Dyrrachinis prœliis intermisso, Caes. BC. 3, 84, 1: un long intervalle de temps s'étant écoulé depuis les combats de Dyrrachium; ab hoc tempore anno sescentesimo rex erat, Cic. Rep. 1, 58: il était roi il y a six cents ans à compter de notre époque, cf. CM 19; ponite ante oculos unum quemque veterum; voltis a Romulo? voltis post liberam civitatem ab iis ipsis qui liberaverunt? Cic. Par. 11: évoquez la vie de chacun des anciens; voulez-vous remonter à Romulus? voulez-vous remonter, après la fondation de la liberté, à ceux précisément qui l'ont fondée? lex a sexagesimo anno senatorem non citat, Sen. Brev. 20, 4: la loi ne convoque pas le sénateur après soixante ans aux séances. [zapst]¶2 [noms de pers.] jam inde a Pontiano, Cic. Att. 12, 44, 2: depuis Pontianus [l'affaire de Pontianus]; exspecto te, a Peducaeo utique, Cic. Att. 12, 51, 1: je t'attends, en tout cas sans faute après Péducaeus [après l'affaire réglée avec Péducaeus] [zapst]¶3 [évaluation d'un laps de temps]: ab... ad (usque ad), depuis... jusqu'à: Cic. Br. 328; de Or. 2, 52; Caes. BG. 1, 26, 2; Liv. 26, 25, 11, etc. II [évaluation d'une durée, d'un rang chronologique] annus primus ab honorum perfunctione, Cic. de Or. 3, 7: la première année après l'achèvement des magistratures; quartus ab Arcesilao fuit, Cic. Ac. 1, 46: il fut le quatrième en partant d'Arcésilas; secundus a Romulo conditor urbis, Liv. 7, 1, 10: le second fondateur de Rome après Romulus, cf. 1, 17, 10; Hor. S. 2, 3, 193; Virg. B. 5, 49. [zapst]¶4 après, aussitôt après, au sortir de: ab re divina, Plaut. Pœn. 618: après le sacrifice; ab decimae legionis cohortatione profectus, Caes. BG. 2, 25, 1: étant parti, immédiatement après avoir harangué la dixième légion; a tuo digressu, Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4: après ton départ; ab ea [auctione] Cic. Att. 13, 30, 1: aussitôt après [la vente]; ab ipso cibo, Sen. Contr. 1, praef. 17: aussitôt après avoir mangé. [ABCR]VII du fait de, par l'effet de [zapst]¶1 [cause efficiente, surtout avec les inchoatifs]: calescere ab, Cic. Nat. 2, 138: se réchauffer grâce à; mitescere a sole, Cic. frg. F. 1, 17: s'adoucir sous l'action du soleil, cf. Varr. L. 5, 109; 7, 83; Ov. M. 1, 66; F. 5, 323 II qua mare a sole conlucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105: sur toute l'étendue où la mer brille par l'effet du soleil, cf. Nat. 2, 92; zona torrida semper ab igni, Virg. G. 1, 234: zone toujours brûlante par suite du feu; lassus ab, Hor. S. 2, 2, 10: fatigué du fait de; a vento unda tumet, Ov. F. 2, 776: le vent fait gonfler l'onde, cf. 1, 215. [zapst]¶2 par suite de, par un effet de, en raison de [avec un nom de sentiment]: scio me ab singulari amore ac benevolentia, quaecumque scriba, tibi scribere, Balb. Fam. 9, 7 B, 3: je sais que c'est un attachement, un dévouement sans égal qui me font t'écrire tout ce que je t'écris; ab ira, Liv. 24, 30, 1: par l'effet de la colère; ab odio plebis an ab servili fraude, Liv. 3, 15, 7: par suite de la haine du peuple ou de la perfidie des esclaves; [constr. très fréq. d. Liv. cf. 5, 5, 3; 9, 40, 17; 10, 5, 2; 27, 17, 5; 28, 7, 9; 36, 24, 7; etc.]; a duabus causis punire princeps solet, Sen. Clem. 1, 20, 1: deux raisons d'ordinaire amènent le prince à punir; ab hoc, Varr. R. 2, 3, 7: par suite de cela, en raison de cela, cf. 2, 7, 6 II gravis ab, Ov. H. 10, 138: alourdi par; a somno languida, Ov. H, 10, 9: alanguie par le sommeil; dives ab, Ov. H. 9, 96: enrichi par. [ABCR]VIII [après les verbes passifs] [zapst]¶1 [avec un nom de pers. pour marquer le sujet logique de l'action; constr. courante] [zapst]¶2 [avec des noms de choses considérées comme des pers.]: a civitatibus, Cic. Verr. 3, 176: par les villes; a classe, Verr. 5, 63: par la flotte; a re publica, Cic. Mur. 7: par l'état; a legibus, Cic. Mil. 9: par les lois; a natura, Cic. Phil. 14, 32: par la nature; a studiis adulescentium, Cic. de Or. 3, 207: par le zèle des jeunes gens; a ventis invidiae, Cic. Verr. 3, 98: par les vents de la malveillance; a more majorum, Cic. Fam. 13, 10, 1: par la coutume des ancêtres; a vero, a falso, Cic. Ac. 2, 71: par le vrai, par le faux; defici a viribus, Caes. BC. 3, 64, 3: être abandonné par ses forces. [zapst]¶3 [après l'adj. verbal] Cic. de Or. 2, 86; Pomp. 34; etc. [zapst]¶4 [différent de per]: aliquid a suis vel per suos potius iniquos ad te esse delatum, Cic. ad Br. 1, 1, 1: [il m'a paru soupçonner] que ses ennemis t'ont rapporté ou plutôt t'ont fait rapporter quelque histoire; qui a te defensi et qui per te servati sunt, Cic. Pet. 38: ceux que tu as défendus et ceux que ton entremise a sauvés. [zapst]¶5 [avec des intr. équivalant pour le sens à des passifs] a paucis interire, Cic. Off. 2, 26: périr sous les coups de quelques hommes, cf. Lucr. 6, 709; mori ab, Cic. Fam 15,17, 2; Sen. Contr. 5. 3; perire ab, Nep. Reg. 3, 3; Ov. P, 3, 3, 46; cadere ab, Tac. An. 16, 9; vapulare ab, Sen. Contr. 9, 4, 2; Sen. Apoc. 15; Quint. 9, 2, 12. Q. [zapst]¶1 abs est rare; se trouve devant t, surtout dans l'expr. abs te II aps Inscr. et divers mss. de Plaut. et des lettres de Cic. II af, signalé par Cic. Or. 158, se lit dans des Inscr. [zapst]¶2 d'après les gram. anciens a se place devant les consonnes, ab devant les voyelles et devant h; mais ni les mss. ni les Inscr. ne vérifient cette règle. [zapst]¶3 qqf a, ab se trouvent après le relatif (quo ab): Plaut. As. 119; Rud. 555 II chez les poètes et chez Tacite, rarement ailleurs, entre le subst. et son déterminatif [adjectif, génitif, ou nom propre apposé]: judice ab uno Tac. An. 2, 60, par un seul juge; initio ab Suriae An. 4, 5, depuis les frontières de la Syrie; oppido a Canopo Tac. An 2, 60, à partir de la ville de Canope; uxore ab Octavia abhorrebat, Tac. An. 13, 12: il se détournait de son épouse Octavie II chez Ovide, séparé par ipse du complément: H. 9, 96; 12, 18; Pont. 3, 3, 46, etc. II quand il y a deux compléments liés par une copule, placé devant le second: Plaut. As. 163; Prop. 4, 3, 39; Ov. H. 6, 108, etc. [zapst]¶4 en composition, a devant m, v, (amovere, avertere); abs devant c, p, t (abscondere, abstinere, asportare = absportare); au devant f (auferre, aufugere), sauf afui parf. de absum; ab devant les autres consonnes, sauf aspernari au lieu de abspernari.
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a, f., n., indécl., [première lettre de l’alphabet] Cic. Div. 1, 23 II abréviations diverses: A. = Aulus [prénom] II = antiquo, je rejette [la proposition sur les bulletins de vote dans les comices] II = absolvo, j’absous [sur les bulletins des juges] ; [d’où l’appellation] littera salutaris Cic. Mil. 15 II A. U. C. = anno urbis conditae ; a. u. c. = ab urbe condita ; a. d. VIII Kal. Nov. = ante diem octavum Kalendas Novembres II [dans les inscr.] A. = Augustus ; A.A. = Augusti duo ; A.A.A. = Augusti tres ; III viri A.A.A.F.F. = triumviri auro, argento, aeri flando, feriundo. ā, ou āh, interj., v. ah. ā, ăb, abs, prép. avec abl. (ἀπό). [ABCR]I [point de départ] [zapst]¶1 [avec des v. de mouvement, tr. ou int., simples ou composés] de: a) a signo Vortumni in Circum Maximum venire Cic. Verr. 1, 154: venir de la statue de Vertumne au Cirque Maxime, v. proficiscor, discedo, arcesso, etc ; b) [avec noms de pers.] de chez, d’auprès: a Caesare redire, Cic. Q. 2, 4, 6: revenir de chez César ; c) [sans verbe] non ille Serranus ab aratro, Cic. Sest. 72: non pas le fameux Serranus venu de sa charrue; quid tu, inquit, huc? a villa enim, credo, Cic. Fin. 3, 8: eh! dit-il, pourquoi toi ici? c’est de ta maison de campagne que tu viens, sans doute; d) [en parl de lettres] de la part de: litterae adlatae ab L. Porcio praetore, Liv. 26, 39, 1: une lettre apportée de la part du préteur L. Porcius, cf. Cic. Att. 7, 15, 5 ; 1, 15, 2; e) [avec adesse, marquant résultat du mouvement] adest a milite, Plaut. Ps. 924: il est là venant de la part du militaire, cf. Mil. 958, 1046; Ter. And. 268; Virg. En. 7, 454; dona adsunt tibi a Phaedria, Ter. Eun. 465: il y a là pour toi des présents de la part de Phaedria. f) [avec les noms de ville] de = des environs de [et non pas de l’intérieur de]: Cic., Caes. [zapst]¶2 [pour marquer la provenance] petere, postulare, quaerere, demander à; impetrare, obtenir de; accipere, recevoir de; habere, tenir de, etc.; emere, acheter à; sumere, haurire, prendre à, puiser à; trahere, tirer de; ducere, faire venir de, etc.; discere, audire, apprendre de, entendre de, etc. [zapst]¶3 [idée d’origine] a) oriri, prendre naissance à; fluere, découler de; nasci, naître de; proficisci, partir de, provenir de; ea sunt omnia non a natura, verum a magistro, Cic. Mur. 61: ces imperfections proviennent toutes non pas de la nature, mais du maître, cf. Har. 39; Fin. 1, 21; Off. 2, 69; sed haec et vetera et a Graecis, Cic. Tusc. 1, 74: mais tout cela c'est ancien et aussi tiré de l’histoire grecque, cf. Fam. 3, 13, 1; 5, 3, 1; 9, 16, 7; Par. 11; Sest. 122; b) [idée de naissance, de descendance] a Deucalione ortus, Tusc. 1, 21: né de Deucalion; a M. Tullio esse, Cic. Br. 62: descendre de M. Tullius II [filiation philosophique, littéraire, etc.] ab his oratores exstiterunt, Cic. Fin. 5, 7: d’eux (Péripatéticiens) sortirent des orateurs; erat ab isto Aristotele, Cic. de Or. 2, 160: il était de l’école de votre Aristote, cf. Or. 113; Mur. 63; c) Turnus Herdonius ab Aricia, Liv. l, 50, 3 [= Aricinus]: Turnus Herdonius d’Aricie, cf. 6, 13, 8; 6, 17, 7; pastor ab Amphryso, Virg. G. 3, 2: le berger Amphrysien [du fleuve Amphrysus] II de la maison de, [en parl. d’un esclave] Plaut. Ps. 616; Mil. 160; Curc. 407; Ter. And. 756; d) [étymologie] mater autem est a gerendis fructibus Ceres tamquam "Geres", Cic. Nat. 2, 67: quant à sa mère, son nom, Cérès, qui est comme Gérès, vient de gerere fructus, porter, produire les fruits, cf. 2, 64; 68; 2, 111; Leg. 2, 55; Varr. R. 1, 46; 2, 4, 17; 3, 12, 6, etc.; L. 5, 20; 5, 66 II maerere a marcere, Varr. L. 6, 50: maerere, s’affliger, vient de marcere, être affaissé; aures ab aveo, Varr. L. 6, 83: le mot aures, oreilles, vient de aveo, désirer [ABCR]II [mots grecs au datif ] L. 5, 103, etc. [zapst]¶4 [avec dare, possidere, promittere]: aliquid ab aliquo, donner, posséder, promettre qqch en le tenant de qqn, provenant de qqn, cf. Plaut. Cap. 449; Ps. 735; Cic. Flac. 44; Verr. 3, 177; a me argentum dedi, Plaut. Trin. 182: j’ai donné l’argent de ma poche, cf. 1144; Men. 545; aliquid a me promisi, Cic. de Or. 1, 111: j’ai promis qqch de mon fonds, cf. Pis. 84; Lucr. 4, 468; Suet. Caes. 84 II Antoni edictum legi a Bruto, Cic. Att. 16, 7, 7: l’édit d’Antoine, je l’ai lu de Brutus, le tenant de Brutus. [ABCR]II [éloignement, séparation, au pr. et fig.] de, loin de: [zapst]¶1 v. les verbes: dimittere, renvoyer de (loin de); excludere, deterrere, chasser de, détourner de, etc.; abhorrere, distare, differre, être éloigné de, différer de, etc.; de turba et a subselliis in otium se conferre, Cic. de Or, 2, 143: se retirer du milieu de la foule et loin des bancs du tribunal pour prendre du repos; ab oppido castra movere, Caes. BC. 3, 80, 7: en levant le camp s’éloigner de la ville; v. solvo, fugo, ejicio, aufero, etc. II [sans aucun verbe] a Chrysippo pedem numquam, Cic. Ac. 2, 143: de Chrysippe il ne s’éloigne jamais d’une semelle, cf. Att. 7, 3, 11; Fam. 7, 25, 2; nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, Cic. Tusc. 5, 92: pour le moment, dit-il, écarte-toi un tant soit peu de mon soleil II [nuances] unde dejecti Galli? a Capitolio? unde, qui cum Graccho fuerunt? ex Capitolio, Cic. Caec. 88: d’où furent rejetés les Gaulois? de l’accès au Capitole: d’où les partisans de Gracchus? du Capitole, cf. 86 [zapst]¶2 avec les verbes defendere, tueri, munire, tegere, prohibere, arcere, etc. défendre, protéger, garantir contre, écarter de II stabula a ventis hiberno opponere soli, Virg. G. 3, 302: placer l’écurie à l’abri des vents [en face de] exposée au soleil d’hiver. [zapst]¶3 [expression] ab re, contrairement à l’intérêt: Plaut. Cap. 338; As. 224; Trin. 239; haud ab re duxi referre, Liv. 8, 11, 1: j’ai cru qu’il n’était pas inopportun de rapporter. [ABCR]III du côté de [zapst]¶1 [sens local] a tergo, a latere, a fronte, de dos, de franc, de front [de face]: a decumana porta, Caes. BG. 6, 37, 1: du côté de la porte décumane; ab ea parte, Caes. BG. 6, 37, 2: de ce côté; ab terra ingens labor succedentibus erat, Liv. 26, 46, 1: du côté de la terre, il y avait d’énormes difficultés pour les assaillants, cf. Sall. J. 17, 4; Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 21; surgens a puppi ventus, Virg. En. 5, 777: le vent s’élevant en poupe II ab Opis, Cic. Att. 6, 1, 17 [s.-ent. aede]: du côté du temple d’Ops (comp. ad Castoris), cf. Liv. 10, 47, 4 II Magnetes ab Sipylo, Cic. Q. 2, 9, 2: les Magnésiens qui habitent près du mont Sipyle, les Magnésiens du mont Sipyle, cf. Tac. An. 2, 47. [zapst]¶2 [point de départ, point d’attache]: stipites ab infimo revincti, Caes. BG. 7, 73, 3: troncs solidement attachés à la partie inférieure, par la base; cornua ab labris argento circumcludere, Caes. BG. 6, 28, 6: entourer d'argent les cornes sur les bords de la partie évasée. [zapst]¶3 [fig.] du côté de, du parti de, en faveur de: abs te stat, Plaut. Rud. 1100: il se tient de ton bord, cf. Cic. Inv. 1, 4; Br. 273; ab reo dicere, Cic. Clu. 93: parler en faveur de l'accusé; vide ne hoc totum sit a me, Cic. de Or. 1, 55: prends garde que cela ne soit tout en ma faveur; a petitore, a possessore agere, Plin. Ep. 6, 2, 2: plaider pour le compte du demandeur, du défendeur. [zapst]¶4 du côté de, sous le rapport de: a materno genere, Cic. Sull. 25: du côté maternel, par sa mère, cf. Ov. M. 2, 368; a re frumentaria laborare, Caes. BC. 3, 9, 5: souffrir de l'approvisionnement en blé; a mitilibus, a pecunia imparati, Cic. Att. 7, 15, 3: pris au dépourvu sous le rapport des troupes, de l'argent; ab exemplis copiose aliquid explicare, Cic. Br. 198: développer qqch avec une grande richesse d'exemples; tempus mutum a litteris, Cic. Att. 8, 14, 1: époque silencieuse sous le rapport des lettres [où l'on n'écrit point]; eorum impunitas fuit a judicio, a sermone, Cic. Post. 27: ils ont agi impunément au regard de la justice, au regard de l'opinion publique; mons vastus ab natura et humano cultu, Sall. J. 48, 3: montagne désolée sous le rapport de la nature du sol et de sa culture par l'homme [stérile et inculte]; ab omni parte, Hor. O. 2, 16, 27: sous tous les rapports. [zapst]¶5 servus a pedibus meis, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1 [mss]: esclave qui me sert du point de vue de mes pieds [qui fait mes courses] II [puis ab suivi du nom de l'objet confié à la garde, à la surveillance] servus ab argento, a frumento, a veste, a vinis, esclave préposé à l'argenterie, à l'approvisionnement, à la garde-robe, aux vins; a bibliotheca, bibliothécaire; a valetudinario, infirmier; liberti ab epistulis et libellis et rationibus, Tac. An. 15, 35: affranchis chefs du secrétariat, maîtres des requêtes, chefs de la comptabilité; libertus et a memoria ejus, Suet. Aug. 79: son affranchi en même temps que son historiographe; novum officium instituit a voluptatibus, Suet. Tib. 42: il créa une nouvelle charge, l'intendance des plaisirs. [ABCR]IV à partir de: [zapst]¶1 de, à partir de, depuis: a porta Esquilina video... Cic. de Or. 2, 276: de la porte Esquiline je vois..., cf. Caes. BG. 2, 24, 2; ut erat a Gergovia despectus in castra, Caes. BG. 7, 45, 4: étant donné que de Gergovie la vue plongeait dans le camp; a vestibulo curiae, Liv. 1, 48, 1: dès le vestibule de la curie; gemere ab ulmo, Virg. B. 1, 58: gémir au sommet de l'orme; ab equo oppugnare, Prop. 3, 11, 13: assaillir à cheval; contra sensus ab sensibus repugnat, Lucr. 1, 693: il va à l'encontre des sens en s'appuyant sur les sens; ab summo, Caes. BG. 2, 18, 1: à partir du sommet, cf. 7, 73, 6; a medio ad summum, Cic. Tim. 20: du centre aux extrémités; da ab Delphio cantharum circum, Plaut. Most. 347: fais circuler la coupe en commençant par Delphium, cf. As. 891; orae maritimae praesum a Formiis, Cic. Fam. 16, 12, 5: je commande le littoral à partir de Formies; ab eo loco, Fam. 7, 25, 2: à partir de ce passage, de ces mots... [zapst]¶2 [évaluation d'une distance]: septumas esse aedes a porta, Plaut. Ps. 597: [il m'a dit] que c'était la septième maison à partir de la porte, cf. Varr. R. 3, 2, 14; Caes. BG. 2, 7, 3; 4, 22, 4; 5, 32, 1; quod tanta machinatio ab tanto spatio instrueretur, Caes. BG. 2, 20, 3: (ils se moquaient) de la construction à une si grande distance d'une si grande machine; v. longe, prope, procul avec ab; ultima stella a caelo, Cic. Rep. 6, 16: étoile la plus éloignée du firmament II [limites d'un espace] ab... ad, depuis... jusqu'à: Caes. BG. l, 1, 7; Liv. 1, 2, 5, ab imo ad summum totus moduli bipedalis, Hor. S. 2, 3, 308: de la base au sommet haut en tout de deux pieds; a Vestae ad Tabulam Valeriam, Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 2: du temple de Vesta à la Table Valérienne. [zapst]¶3 à partir de = y compris, avec: teneram ab radice ferens cupressum, Virg. G. 1, 20: portant un tendre cyprès avec ses racines; ab radicibus imis, Virg. G. 1, 319: [épis arrachés] avec toutes leurs racines. [ABCR]V [point de départ d'un jugement, d'une opinion, etc.] [zapst]¶1 d'après: aliquid ab aliqua re cognoscere, Caes. BG 1, 22, 2: reconnaître qqch d'après tel détail; a certo sensu et vero judicare de aliquo, Br. d. Fam. 11, 10, 1: juger qqn avec un sentiment sûr et vrai; ab annis spectare, Virg. En. 9, 235: considérer d'après l'âge; populum ab annis digerere, Ov. F. 6, 83: partager l'ensemble des citoyens d'après l'âge, cf. M. 14, 323; Tr. 4, 6, 39; Ep. 2, 86 II ab arte inexperta, Tib. 2, 1, 56: avec un art inexpérimenté, cf. 1, 5, 4; Ov. Tr. 2, 462. [zapst]¶2 [point de départ d'un sentiment], d'après, par suite de, du fait de: v. metuere, timere ab aliquo, craindre du fait de qqn, cf. Cic. Amer. 8; Fam. 5, 6, 2; Sul. 59; Phil. 7, 2; Liv.22, 36, 1; 24, 38, 9; v. sperare ab aliquo Cic. Off. 1, 49; Phil. 12, 26; Pis. 12; Liv. 21, 13, 3; metus omnis a vi atque ira deorum pulsus esset, Cic. Nat. 1, 45: toute crainte de la puissance et de la colère des dieux serait chassée, cf. Liv. 23, 15, 7; 23, 36, 1; 25, 33, 5, etc. [ABCR]VI à partir de [temps], depuis [zapst]¶1 a primo, a principio, dès le début; a principiis, dès les débuts; ab initio, dès le commencement; a puero, a pueritia, dès l'enfance; ab ineunte adulescentia, dès le commencement de la jeunesse II [à la prépos. se joignent souvent inde, jam, jam inde, statim, protinus] II longo spatio temporis a Dyrrachinis prœliis intermisso, Caes. BC. 3, 84, 1: un long intervalle de temps s'étant écoulé depuis les combats de Dyrrachium; ab hoc tempore anno sescentesimo rex erat, Cic. Rep. 1, 58: il était roi il y a six cents ans à compter de notre époque, cf. CM 19; ponite ante oculos unum quemque veterum; voltis a Romulo? voltis post liberam civitatem ab iis ipsis qui liberaverunt? Cic. Par. 11: évoquez la vie de chacun des anciens; voulez-vous remonter à Romulus? voulez-vous remonter, après la fondation de la liberté, à ceux précisément qui l'ont fondée? lex a sexagesimo anno senatorem non citat, Sen. Brev. 20, 4: la loi ne convoque pas le sénateur après soixante ans aux séances. [zapst]¶2 [noms de pers.] jam inde a Pontiano, Cic. Att. 12, 44, 2: depuis Pontianus [l'affaire de Pontianus]; exspecto te, a Peducaeo utique, Cic. Att. 12, 51, 1: je t'attends, en tout cas sans faute après Péducaeus [après l'affaire réglée avec Péducaeus] [zapst]¶3 [évaluation d'un laps de temps]: ab... ad (usque ad), depuis... jusqu'à: Cic. Br. 328; de Or. 2, 52; Caes. BG. 1, 26, 2; Liv. 26, 25, 11, etc. II [évaluation d'une durée, d'un rang chronologique] annus primus ab honorum perfunctione, Cic. de Or. 3, 7: la première année après l'achèvement des magistratures; quartus ab Arcesilao fuit, Cic. Ac. 1, 46: il fut le quatrième en partant d'Arcésilas; secundus a Romulo conditor urbis, Liv. 7, 1, 10: le second fondateur de Rome après Romulus, cf. 1, 17, 10; Hor. S. 2, 3, 193; Virg. B. 5, 49. [zapst]¶4 après, aussitôt après, au sortir de: ab re divina, Plaut. Pœn. 618: après le sacrifice; ab decimae legionis cohortatione profectus, Caes. BG. 2, 25, 1: étant parti, immédiatement après avoir harangué la dixième légion; a tuo digressu, Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4: après ton départ; ab ea [auctione] Cic. Att. 13, 30, 1: aussitôt après [la vente]; ab ipso cibo, Sen. Contr. 1, praef. 17: aussitôt après avoir mangé. [ABCR]VII du fait de, par l'effet de [zapst]¶1 [cause efficiente, surtout avec les inchoatifs]: calescere ab, Cic. Nat. 2, 138: se réchauffer grâce à; mitescere a sole, Cic. frg. F. 1, 17: s'adoucir sous l'action du soleil, cf. Varr. L. 5, 109; 7, 83; Ov. M. 1, 66; F. 5, 323 II qua mare a sole conlucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105: sur toute l'étendue où la mer brille par l'effet du soleil, cf. Nat. 2, 92; zona torrida semper ab igni, Virg. G. 1, 234: zone toujours brûlante par suite du feu; lassus ab, Hor. S. 2, 2, 10: fatigué du fait de; a vento unda tumet, Ov. F. 2, 776: le vent fait gonfler l'onde, cf. 1, 215. [zapst]¶2 par suite de, par un effet de, en raison de [avec un nom de sentiment]: scio me ab singulari amore ac benevolentia, quaecumque scriba, tibi scribere, Balb. Fam. 9, 7 B, 3: je sais que c'est un attachement, un dévouement sans égal qui me font t'écrire tout ce que je t'écris; ab ira, Liv. 24, 30, 1: par l'effet de la colère; ab odio plebis an ab servili fraude, Liv. 3, 15, 7: par suite de la haine du peuple ou de la perfidie des esclaves; [constr. très fréq. d. Liv. cf. 5, 5, 3; 9, 40, 17; 10, 5, 2; 27, 17, 5; 28, 7, 9; 36, 24, 7; etc.]; a duabus causis punire princeps solet, Sen. Clem. 1, 20, 1: deux raisons d'ordinaire amènent le prince à punir; ab hoc, Varr. R. 2, 3, 7: par suite de cela, en raison de cela, cf. 2, 7, 6 II gravis ab, Ov. H. 10, 138: alourdi par; a somno languida, Ov. H, 10, 9: alanguie par le sommeil; dives ab, Ov. H. 9, 96: enrichi par. [ABCR]VIII [après les verbes passifs] [zapst]¶1 [avec un nom de pers. pour marquer le sujet logique de l'action; constr. courante] [zapst]¶2 [avec des noms de choses considérées comme des pers.]: a civitatibus, Cic. Verr. 3, 176: par les villes; a classe, Verr. 5, 63: par la flotte; a re publica, Cic. Mur. 7: par l'état; a legibus, Cic. Mil. 9: par les lois; a natura, Cic. Phil. 14, 32: par la nature; a studiis adulescentium, Cic. de Or. 3, 207: par le zèle des jeunes gens; a ventis invidiae, Cic. Verr. 3, 98: par les vents de la malveillance; a more majorum, Cic. Fam. 13, 10, 1: par la coutume des ancêtres; a vero, a falso, Cic. Ac. 2, 71: par le vrai, par le faux; defici a viribus, Caes. BC. 3, 64, 3: être abandonné par ses forces. [zapst]¶3 [après l'adj. verbal] Cic. de Or. 2, 86; Pomp. 34; etc. [zapst]¶4 [différent de per]: aliquid a suis vel per suos potius iniquos ad te esse delatum, Cic. ad Br. 1, 1, 1: [il m'a paru soupçonner] que ses ennemis t'ont rapporté ou plutôt t'ont fait rapporter quelque histoire; qui a te defensi et qui per te servati sunt, Cic. Pet. 38: ceux que tu as défendus et ceux que ton entremise a sauvés. [zapst]¶5 [avec des intr. équivalant pour le sens à des passifs] a paucis interire, Cic. Off. 2, 26: périr sous les coups de quelques hommes, cf. Lucr. 6, 709; mori ab, Cic. Fam 15,17, 2; Sen. Contr. 5. 3; perire ab, Nep. Reg. 3, 3; Ov. P, 3, 3, 46; cadere ab, Tac. An. 16, 9; vapulare ab, Sen. Contr. 9, 4, 2; Sen. Apoc. 15; Quint. 9, 2, 12. Q. [zapst]¶1 abs est rare; se trouve devant t, surtout dans l'expr. abs te II aps Inscr. et divers mss. de Plaut. et des lettres de Cic. II af, signalé par Cic. Or. 158, se lit dans des Inscr. [zapst]¶2 d'après les gram. anciens a se place devant les consonnes, ab devant les voyelles et devant h; mais ni les mss. ni les Inscr. ne vérifient cette règle. [zapst]¶3 qqf a, ab se trouvent après le relatif (quo ab): Plaut. As. 119; Rud. 555 II chez les poètes et chez Tacite, rarement ailleurs, entre le subst. et son déterminatif [adjectif, génitif, ou nom propre apposé]: judice ab uno Tac. An. 2, 60, par un seul juge; initio ab Suriae An. 4, 5, depuis les frontières de la Syrie; oppido a Canopo Tac. An 2, 60, à partir de la ville de Canope; uxore ab Octavia abhorrebat, Tac. An. 13, 12: il se détournait de son épouse Octavie II chez Ovide, séparé par ipse du complément: H. 9, 96; 12, 18; Pont. 3, 3, 46, etc. II quand il y a deux compléments liés par une copule, placé devant le second: Plaut. As. 163; Prop. 4, 3, 39; Ov. H. 6, 108, etc. [zapst]¶4 en composition, a devant m, v, (amovere, avertere); abs devant c, p, t (abscondere, abstinere, asportare = absportare); au devant f (auferre, aufugere), sauf afui parf. de absum; ab devant les autres consonnes, sauf aspernari au lieu de abspernari.
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    A meis ciuibus ea res mihi fuit honori. id est, Ob eam rem honoribus affectus sum a ciuibus meis. Ci. Pour cela m'ont honoré les habitants de nostre ville.

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    A nobilitate igitur periculum. Subaudi, Est, Impendet, Imminet, aut aliquid simile. Cic. Il y a danger de la part ou costé de la noblesse, ou des nobles.

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    Ab aliquo perire, id est occidi. Plin. Estre tué par aucun.

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    A et Ab, motum a loco significant: vt, A villa redeo, ab agro, vel ab agris. Je retourne de la metairie, Des champs.

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    A et Ab, interdum per QVVM declarantur: seruiuntque tempori significando: vt, A paruo te noui: Hoc est, quum adhuc paruus esses. Quand tu estois encore petit enfant.

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    Ab adolescentia. Cic. Dés le commencement de ma jeunesse, Dés que je commencoye à venir en eage.

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    Ab ineunte adolescentia. Plaut. Cic. Dés le commencement de mon adolescence, ou de mon eage.

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    A cunabulis. Plaut. Dés le berceau, Dés mon enfance.

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    Ab infante duratus. Colu. Endurci dés son enfance, ou d'enfance.

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    Ab infantibus, Id est a pueritia. Cels. Dés l'enfance, D'enfance.

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    A paruis. Terent. De jeunesse, Dés qu'on estoit encore petit.

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    A primordio sui. Tacit. Depuis son commencement.

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    A principiis ita diligentior fiet puer. Quintil. Dés le commencement.

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    A pueritia. Cic. D'enfance, Dés l'enfance.

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    A tenero et a teneris. Colum. D'enfance, Dés qu'on estoit encore tendre, ou petit tendron.

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    A et Ab, finitum rei alicuius aut temporis terminum significant: et fere sequitur ad, vel vsque ad, aut aliquid idem pollens: vt, A principio ad finem. Dés, ou Depuis le commencement jusques à la fin. \ Ab auo. Terent. Dés le temps de l'ayeul.

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    Ab aurora. Plaut. Dés le poinct, ou l'aube du jour.

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    Ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie. Liu. Depuis le soleil levé.

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    A calce ad carceres. Id est, A fine ad principium. Cic. De la fin au commencement.

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    A capite vsque ad calcem. Plaut. Depuis le commencement jusques à la fin, ou Depuis le hault jusques au bas.

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    Talos a vertice pulcher ad imos. Horat. Depuis le sommet de la teste, jusques à la plante des pieds, ou jusques aux talons.

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    Ab extremo orsi. Liu. Commenceants au dernier.

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    A fundamento. Plaut. Depuis le fondement.

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    A fundo. Virg. Depuis le fond.

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    Ab infimo. Plaut. Depuis le fin bas.

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    Ab humili ad summum. Cic. Du bas au plus hault.

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    Ab illo tempore. Cic. Dés, ou Depuis ce temps là.

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    Ab hora tertia bibebatur. Cic. Depuis trois heures.

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    Ab imis vnguibus vsque ad verticem summum. Cic. Depuis le fin bout des ongles du pied, jusques au sommet de la teste.

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    Ab initio. Cic. Dés, ou Depuis le commencement.

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    A mane. Plaut. Depuis le matin.

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    A media nocte togatus ero. Mart. Dés, ou Depuis minuict.

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    Ab omni vetustate acceptum. Cic. De toute ancienneté.

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    A pridie Idus Sept. Plin. Depuis le jour de devant les Ides.

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    A prima luce. Caes. Dés le fin matin. Dés qu'il commencea à faire cler.

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    A primo, pro A principio. Ci. Au premier, ou Du commencement.

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    A summo. Plaut. Depuis le hault.

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    A terra ad caelum percontari. Plaut. Depuis un bout jusques à l'autre.

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    A vestigio ad verticem. Plin. Depuis la plante des pieds jusques au sommet de la teste.

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    A et Ab separationem significant. Terent. Ita tum discedo ab illo. D'avec luy.

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    A vel Ab, pro Contra: vt nonnullis placet. Virg. Defendo a frigore myrtos. Du froid, ou Contre le froid.

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    A vel Ab, pro Praeter, siue contra. Plin. Id quod notasse, non ab re est. Il n'est pas sans propos, ou inutile. Il n'est pas impertinent.

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    Quae ab re sunt. Choses impertinentes, et non servantes à la matiere. B.

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    Ab re est remissior. Il est trop negligent et nonchalant de son profict. B.

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    Ab re, Contra commodum. Plau. Ab re consulit. Contre le profict et utilité de celuy à qui il donne conseil. Il luy conseille son dommage.

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    Ab re orare. Plau. Prier en vain, ou demander quelque chose oultre raison et sans propos.

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    Ab re, pro Ob eam rem. Liu. Id, ab re, Interregnum appellatum. Pour ce, Pour ceste cause.

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    Tantumne ab re tua est otii tibi, vt, etc. Cic. As tu bien tant de loisir avec tes affaires? Tes affaires te donnent ils bien tant de loisir?

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    Non ab re. Suet. Il n'est point impertinent, ou hors de propos.

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    Haud ab re duxi. Liu. J'ay estimé n'estre point inutile, ou sans raison.

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    Non ab re. Non sans cause.

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    A vel Ab, pro Post, vel statim, seu concinuo post. Pli. Dulcissimum ab hominis camelinum lac. Le laict du chameau est le plus doulx apres celuy de la femme.

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    A ientaculo. Plaut. Apres desjuner.

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    Cuius a morte hic tertius et tricesimus est annus. Cic. C'est cy la XXXIII. annee depuis son trespas.

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    Vt primum a tuo digressu Romam veni. Cic. Apres.

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    A rege secundus. Le second apres le roy.

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    Hostium a tergo incursum vidit. Liu. Par derriere, Du costé de derriere.

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    A Senatu stat. Cic. Il est du parti du Senat, Il tient pour le Senat, Il tient le parti du Senat.

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    Dicere ab reo. Cic. Parler ou plaider pour le defendeur.

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    Hoc totum est a me. Cic. Tout cela sert à mon propos. Tout cela fait pour moy.

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    A nobis facit. Cic. Sert à nostre propos.

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    A vel Ab, pro énéka, siue pro, Quod pertinet ad, Cic. cum a militibus, tua pecunia. Mal fourniz et pourveuz quant à gens de guerre et argent.

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    A morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui. Plaut. Quant est de la maladie, j'en suis gueri.

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    A me pudica est. Plaut. Quant est de moy, je vous responds de moy qu'elle est femme de bien.

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    Narrat vt virgo a se integra etiam tum siet. Terent. Que de sa part elle est pucelle.

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    Doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis. Plaut. Je suis malade en l'esprit, J'ay l'esprit fasché. J'ay mal aux yeuls.

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    Otiosus ab animo. Plaut. Qui n'ha nulle fantasie en son esprit.

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    Inops eram ab amicis. Cic. Povre d'amis.

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    Nunquam a causis et iudiciis districtior fui. Cic. Je ne fus oncq plus empesché de procez.

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    Ab hac parte reddemus vos securos. Planc. Ciceroni. De ce costé, quant à ce.

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    Ab se cantat cuia sit. Plaut. D'elle mesme.

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    Ab transenna lumbricum petit. Plaut. Parmi la fenestre, ou le guichet. Aucuns sont d'advis que le vray sens est tel, Cest oyseau cerche sa viande parmi le filé, ou le laqs, ou le piege, ou le collet qui est tendu pour le prendre.

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    Salutem a bonis afferre. Cic. Par les bons.

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    Ab ostio omnia isthaec audiui. Plaut. De l'huis.

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    Ipsa protinus a via amicumsalutes. Mart. Du chemin, En passant.

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    A foris. Plin. Par dehors.

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    A vel Ab, pro Versus, seu quod vulgo, De parte dicimus.

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    Quod a sole fuit. Plin. Qui avoit esté du costé du soleil, Tourné vers le soleil, Devers le soleil.

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    Firmos omnino et duces habemus ab occidente, et exercitus. Cic. Vers la partie d'occident.

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    A dextera. Plin. Du costé dextre. A dextre.

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    Ictus ab latere. Liuius. Feru ou frappé par le flan.

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    A contraria aure instillare. Plin. Par l'oreille opposite.

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    A vento aliquid opponere. Pli. De devers le vent. Du costé du vent.

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    A vel Ab cum ablatiuo personae, eleganter domicilium significat: vt, A iudice venio. hoc est, a domo iudicis, quod inepte dicitur, De apud. De chez vous, De vostre mesnie.

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    Ab ea egreditur. Terent. De chez elle.

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    A nobis domo est. De nostre maison. De chez nous.

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    A qua a ferrario fabro. Cels. Eaue de chez ung forgeron ou mareschal. Eaue en laquelle le mareschal estainct, ou trempe son fer.

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    A Pontio, ex Trebulano, ad quintum Idus Maii. Cic. De la maison de Pontius, Escript en la maison de Pontius, etc. C'est la fin et date des lettres.

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    A vel Ab sequente. quoque praepositione ad, vel ipsa subaudita, plerunque vtimur, vbi ab vna re ad aliam fit transitus. Terent. Ab labore ad libidinem. Du labeur à volupté.

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    A vel Ab nonnunquam ponitur pro Gallica praepositione Par. A potu quidam prandiumincipiunt. Plin. Par boire.

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    A fronte et a tergo. Cic. Devant et derriere, ou par devant et par derriere.

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    A pectore denudari. Cic. Estre descouvert par la poitrine, Avoir la poitrine descouverte.

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    Ab exteriori parte. Cels. Par dehors.

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    A verecundia. Liu. De honte qu'on ha.

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    Ab illo friget. Gel. Ce n'est rien aupris de luy.

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    A, Propter: vt A metu infamiae. Tacit. Pour crainte du deshonneur, Craignant deshonneur.

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    A spe quam successus rerum augebat. Liu. A cause de l'esperance, A raison ou pour l'esperance.

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    Ab ira et odio. Liu. Par courroux et haine.

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    A sole dolet. Plin. Il est malade du soleil, Le soleil luy a faict mal, ou l'a faict malade.

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    Ab, pro Erga. Cic. Ab innocentia clementissimus. Envers les innocens.

\

    A vel Ab pro A parte, siue Ex parte. Liu. Ab Sabinis Metius Curtius. Du costé des Sabins, ou de la part des Sabins.

\

    Ab Romanis tubae cornuaque cecinerunt. Liu. Les trompettes et cornets sonnerent du costé des Rommains. Les Rommains sonnerent la trompette.

\

    Ei testamento legat grandem pecuniam a filio. Cic. Il luy laisse un legz d'une grande somme d'argent payable par les mains de son filz.

\

    Ab aliqua re otium vel tempus habere. Terent. N'estre point empesché, et ne laisser point d'avoir bon loisir pour cela.

\

    A vel Ab, proximitatem loci significat. Cic. Venisse eum a Roma. D'aupres de Romme.

\

    Ab Roma aberat. Cic. N'estoit point autour, ou aupres de Romme.

\

    Ab accidentibus, Qui ha charge de mettre en escript et d'advertir des choses qui surviennent. \ Ab aure, Secretaire.

\

    A commentariis, Celuy qui fait le registre des prisonniers, Geolier, ou un Chroniqueur. \ Ab epistolis. Suet. Secretaire.

\

    A latere Regis. Les amis familiers du Roy qui ne bougent de son costé. \ A libellis, Maistre des requestes.

\

    A manu, A manu, seruus, et A manibus. Suet. Un clerc qui sert pour escrire.

\

    A pedibus, vel A pedibus seruus. Cic. Un laquay. quod etiam Ad pedes, Martiali: et Circum pedes, Ciceroni: dicitur.

\

    A secretis, Secretaire.

\

    A studiis. Sue. Celuy de qui nous nous servons au faict de nos estudes.

\

    A rationibus. Suet. Maistre correcteur, auditeur, ou autre officier és comptes. President des comptes. B.

\

    A voluptatibus. Suet. Qui ha charge d'inventer toute sorte de passetemps pour le prince.

\

    Positis castris a milibus passuum quindecim. Caes. Ayant assis son camp à quinze mille pas pres.

\

    Ab illo tibi soluam. Cic. Je te feray delivrer par luy ce que je te doy.

\

    Viaticum vt dem ab trapezita tibi. Plaut. A fin que je te baille argent pour voyager par les mains du banquier, Que je te face delivrer argent par la banque.

\

    Ab Aulo Sextilio dicit se dedisse, et a suis fratribus. Cic. Il dit avoir payé de l'argent de Sextilius, et de l'argent ou de la bourse de ses freres.

\

    A cauda de ouo exeunt. Plin. La queue devant, ou la queue la premiere. \ Pedibus genitus Nero. Pli. Les pieds devant.

\

    Quaecunque animal pariunt, in capita gignunt. Plin. Les testes devant.

\

    A matre pulli. Colum. Prins dessoubs les ailes de la mere.

\

    A lenone manu asserere. Plaut. Retirer une fille, et la delivrer d'entre les mains d'un maquereau.

\

    Instructus a philosophia. Cic. Garni de philosophie. Scavant en philosophie.

\

    Inuictus a labore. Cic. Qui ne se lasse point de labeur et travail. Non vaincu de ou par labeur.

\

    Ab exule prope esse. Taci. Estre presque banni. N'estre gueres moins que banni.

\

    A contumelia, quam a laude propius fuerit, post Vitellium eligi. Tacit. Estre esleu apres Vitelle, approcheroit plus de deshonneur, que de gloire.

\

    Ab amore scribere. Balbus Ciceroni. De grand amour.

\

    Ab aspectu decorus. Colu. Beau à veoir.

\

    Ab aliquo describere. Cic. Transcrire du livre d'un autre.

\

    A se aliquid promere. Cic. Dire quelque chose du sien, de soymesme et de son invention.

\

    A me salutem dic Ciceroni. Cic. Salue Cicero de par moy.

\

    A me illos habe commendatissimos. Cic. Je te les recommande tant que je puis. Ayes les en recommandation pour l'amour de moy.

\

    A sole calor. Cic. Chaleur de soleil.

\

    A puppi religatus. Cic. Attaché, ou lié à la poupe.

\

    A stirpe socius Pop. Rom. Sallust. De race.

\

    A stirpe, pro Stirpitus. Liu. Dés la racine, Totalement, du tout.

\

    Ab auro fulgorem reuereri. Lucret. Avoir en reverence ceulx qui sont vestus de drap d'or, ou qui reluisent de dorures.

\

    A limine disciplinas salutare. Seneca. Estudier quelque peu et legerement.

\

    Ab eo, pro Eius. Terent. Atque ab eo gratiam inibo. Je gaigneray sa bonne grace.

\

    Ab illo iniuria. Terent. Le tort qu'il fait.

\

    A, interdum redundare videtur. Tacit. A metu infamiae. De paour de deshonneur. Liu. Castra a stationibus firma.

\

    A et Ab, eleganter vtimur cum his dictionibus Vsque et Prope. Cic. Vsque a Capitolio. Dés le Capitole.

\

    Tam prope ab domo. Cic. Si pres de la maisons.

Dictionarium latinogallicum > a
109 committo

com-mitto, mīsī, missum, ere, zusammenlassen, zusammenbringen, I) eig.: a) mater. lebl. Objj. zusammenlassen, aneinanderlassen = zusammenfügen, aneinander- oder aufeinanderfügen, verbinden, vereinigen (Ggstz. dirimere), u. refl. se committere od. Passiv committi medial = zusammengehen, sich anschließen, dicht anstoßen, sich verbinden, sich vereinigen, malos (Balken, Ständer), Caes.: opera (Befestigungswerke), Liv.: maria, Curt.: duas noctes, Ov.: plagarum orae committuntur, Cels.: quia vehementer rursus se commiserunt (orae ossis), Cels. – influentem urbi Tiberinum (den Tiber) ponte, Flor. – m. Ang. wem? womit? durch Dat., durch cum u. Abl., durch inter se, zB. dextram dextrae, Ov.: manum Teucris, poet. = handgemein werden, Verg.: lacum flumini, Plin. ep.: urbem continenti (von einem Damm), Curt.: viam viae, Liv.: ubi se (Syria) Ciliciae committit, Mela: quā naris fronti committitur, Ov.: costae committuntur cum osse pectoris, Cels.: orae scroti suturis inter se committendae, Cels.: nondum commissa inter se munimenta, Liv.: v. der Wortfügung, res in ordinem digestae et inter se commissae, Quint.: vermiculate lexeis inter se c., Quint. – m. Ang. wohin? wozu? durch in u. Akk., donec se duo capita in priorem partem (nach vorn) committant, Cels.: commissa in unum crura, Ov.: ceterae suturae in unguem com-

————

mittuntur, vereinigen sich auss genauste, Cels. – b) leb. Wesen, α) zum Kampf u. Wettstreit aneinanderlassen, aneinanderhetzen, bei Ang. mit wem? konstr. mit cum u. Abl., mit bl. Dat., m. inter se, zum Kampfe, duos canes in conspectu populi, Frontin.: arietes vel boves, ICt. – u. acies commissas solvere, Prop. – bes. in den öffentl. Spielen, quingenos pedites, tricenos equites hinc inde, Suet.: pugiles Latinos cum Graecis, Suet. – zum Wortgezänk, omnes inter se, Suet. – zum Wettstreit mit Worten, aequales inter se, Suet. – β) zum Vergleich zusammenstellen, vates, Iuven. 6, 436: sua scripta antiquae Corinnae, Prop. 2, 3, 21.

II) mehr übtr.: 1) etw. zu Werke-, zur Ausführung-, zur Anwendung bringen, a) im allg., beginnen, stattfinden lassen, abhalten, anstellen, veranstalten (Ggstz. finire), bei Ang. mit wem? mit cum u. Abl. od. m. inter se, zB. pugnam u. pugnam cum alqo, Cic.: proelium, Caes.: proelium a dextro cornu, Caes.: proelium cum hostium equitatu, Caes.: commissum erat proelium inter Macedones Ariosque, Curt.: modicum certamen, Liv.: leve certamen in alto, Liv.: bellum, Liv., verb. (im Ggstz.) bellum c. et profligare (seinem Ende nahe bringen), Liv. (s. Fabri Liv. 21, 40, 11): bellum ad Chalcidem, Liv.: bellum prospere, Liv., inconsultius, Iustin.: primo tempore commissum est Punicum bellum, profligatum secundo, tertio vero

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confectum est, Flor. – c. obsidionem, Curt.: c. rixam, Liv. – agona musicum, aufführen, Suet.: u. so spectaculum, Liv.: ludos, Cic. – cenam maturo ovo, Varr. fr. – tribuni sanguine commissa proscriptio, Ciceronis paene finita, Vell. – iudicium inter sicarios committitur, Cic.: fausto committitur omine sermo, Ov. – absol. = eine Schlacht liefern, kämpfen, parvā manu cum copiosissimo hoste, Eutr.: contra Sullam, Eutr.: priusquam committeretur, vor Beginn des Kampfes, Suet. – b) etw. Straffälliges ins Werk setzen, zur Ausführung kommen lassen, ausüben, begehen, verschulden, α) m. Ang. der Sache, die man begeht, αα) durch Acc., tantum facinus, Cic.: multa virilis audaciae facinora, Sall.: multa maleficia, Cic.: tantum scelus, Cic.: tantum nefas, Curt.: multas nefarias res, Cic.: delictum maius, Caes.: caedem, caedes, Ov. u. Curt.: parricidium, Quint.: incestum cum filia, Quint.: nihil commisisse, Cic.: si quae culpa commissa est, Cic.: ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti, Verri crimini daturus sum, Cic. – m. Ang. gegen wen? durch in od. erga od. adversus u. Akk., multa et in deos et in homines impie nefarieque, Cic.: quod secus a me erga te commissum videretur, Cic.: quae Philippi bello adversus populum Romanum commisissent, Liv. – ββ) durch folg. Infin., es dahin kommen lassen, committit saepe repelli, Ov. met. 9, 632: hoc cum saepius bubulci fieri vident, non committunt

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scamna facere, Col. 2, 4, 3. – γγ) durch folg. ut u. Konj., es dahin kommen lassen, es verschulden, daß usw., id me commissurum, ut patiar fieri ne animum induxeris, Plaut.: sordidum ad famam (est) committere, ut accusator nominere, Cic. – oft m. vorhergeh. Negation, non committet hodie ut vapulet, Ter.: non committam posthac, ut me accusare de epistularum neglegentia possis, Cic.: quā re ne committeret, ut is locus, ubi constitissent, a populi Romani calamitate nomen caperet, Caes. – δδ) durch folg. quare od. cur, quod neque commissum a se intellegeret, quare timeret, neque etc., Caes. b. G. 1, 14, 2: Caedicius negare se commissurum, cur sibi quisquam imperium finiret, Liv. 5, 46, 6. – β) absol., etwas verüben, es versehen, fehlen, sündigen, cum verisimile erit, aliquem commisisse, Cic.: nemo enim committeret, Cic. – m. Ang. gegen was? durch contra od. in od. adversus u. Akk., contra legem, Cic.: contra leges, ICt.: in legem, ICt.: adversus testamentum, ICt. – m. Ang. nach welchem Gesetze? durch Abl., lege censoriā, Varr.: lege de sicariis, Quint. – c) machen, daß eine Vertrags- od. Rechtsbestimmung od. eine Strafe in Anwendung kommt, in Kraft tritt, d.i. α) eine Vertragsbestimmung in Erfüllung gehen-, vor sich gehen lassen, civitas obligata sponsione commissā, durch die bereits vor sich gegangene (verwirkte) Verbürgung, Liv. 9, 11, 10: hanc ego devotionem ca-

————

pitis mei... convictam esse et commissam putabo, als verwirkt erwiesen u. der Augenblick der Erfüllung eingetreten sei, Cic. de domo 145. – u. so bei den Juristen, c. edictum, stipulationem, die Erfüllung des Edikts usw. verwirken, ICt.: stipulatio committitur, tritt in Wirkung, ICt.: so auch cautio committitur, ICt.: dies committendi, Verfalltag, ICt. – β) eine Strafe zur Anwendung kommen lassen, verwirken, multam, Cic.: poenam octupli, Cic. – dah. γ) Partiz. Perf. commissus v. Strafobjekt, verfallen, hypothecae commissae, Cic.: hereditas Veneri Erycinae (der V.) commissa, Cic.: hanc fiduciam (Unterpfand, Hypothek) commissam tibi dicis, Cic.

2) jmd. od. etw. in den Bereich, in den Schutz, in die Willkür usw. jmds. od. einer Sache hinlassen, d.i. in einen Ort usw. sich getrauen od. sich wagen lassen (dah. se committere oft = sich getrauen, sich wagen), jmdm. od. einem Ggstde. anheimgeben, überlassen, anvertrauen, aussetzen, preisgeben, m. Ang. wohin? wem? durch in u. Akk. od. durch bl. Dat., α) pers. Objj.: se longius a portibus, Caes.: se in conclave, Cic.: se in senatum, Cic.: se in populi Romani conspectum, Cic.: ne duae legiones sine Picentinis cohortibus in conspectum Caesaris committerentur, Cic.: c. duos filios in aleam eius, qui proponitur, casus, Liv.: se non c. in aciem, Liv.: se urbi, Cic.: se theatro populoque Romano, sich ins Th. u. vor die

————

Augen des röm. Volkes wagen, Cic.: se ludis, bei den öffentlichen Spielen zu erscheinen wagen, Cic.: se publico non c., nicht wagen, sich öffentlich sehen zu lassen, Suet.: se non solum populo, sed etiam senatui, Cic.: se itineri tam infesto tamque periculoso, Cic.: se tam longae navigationi et viae, Cic.: se nusquam proelio, Liv.: persecutis hostibus nusquam se aequo certamine, Liv. – alci filiam, Ter., liberos suos, Ter.: ovem lupo (sprichw., griech. καταλείπειν οϊν εν λύκοισι), Ter. eun. 832: infirmas legiones hostibus committere non audere, Hirt. b. G.: mulierem alci primo partu, Ter.: alqm fidei alcis, Curt.: alqm fidei tutelaeque alcis, Curt.: alqm fidei potestatique alcis, Cic.: ut commissus sit fidei (vestrae), permissus potestati, Cic.: ego me tuae commendo et committo fide (= fidei), Ter.: se aut mortis aut servitutis periculo, Cic.: post cibum se neque frigori neque aestui neque labori, Cels. – mit Ang. als wen? durch Prädikatsakk., gnatam suam alci uxorem, Ter.: alci alqm alendum, Ov. – β) leblose Objj.: collum tonsori, Cic.: semen solo, Col.: non protinus aciem (Auge) infirmam improbo lumini, Sen.: c. alci epistulam, Cic.: c. alci alqd legendum, Fronto: alci litteras liberiores, Cic.: alci portam, (zur Bewachung) anvertrauen, Verg.: alci urbem, zur Verteidigung anvertrauen, Frontin.: alci bellum, den Kr. (= die Führung des Kr.), Cic.: u. so alci bellum contra Afros, Eutr.: iudici litem, Petr.:

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quaedam domestica litteris (einem Briefe) non c., Cic. (vgl. sed haec ipsa nescio rectene sit litteris commissa, Cic.): (alci) consilia, Cic.: alci fortunas suas, Ter.: summum imperium potestatemque alci, Nep.: (alci) custodiam pecuniae, Curt.: alci rem publicam, Liv. u.a. (s. Drak. Liv. 25, 7, 3): alci salutem suam, Curt.: salutem navibus, Iustin.: alci vitam, Cic.: rem proelio, es auf ein Tr. ankommen lassen, Caes.: ebenso rem in aciem, Liv.: rem in casum ancipitis eventus, Liv.: ne rem committeret eo, ubi duae acies timendae essent, Liv.: c. rem publicam in discrimen, die Sache des Staates dem Risiko preisgeben (auf die Spitze stellen), Liv. – γ) absol., alci comm., es jmdm. anheimgeben, jmdm. die Sache in die Hand geben, es auf jmd. ankommen lassen, auch jmdm. sich anvertrauen (s. Madvig Epist. crit. ad Orell. p. 26 sq. u. p. 184. Zumpt Cic. Verr. 4, 16), sanan es, quae isti committas, Plaut.: eis commisi et credidi, Ter.: commisi Heio, Cic.: cui denique commisit, Cic. – m. Ang. in betreff wessen? durch de u. Abl., alci de existimatione sua, Cic. Verr. 3, 137. – m. Ang. des Zweckes durch ut u. Konj., alci, ut videat, ne quid res publica detrimenti capiat, Cic. Mil. 70. – ⇒ Synkop. Perf. commisti, Ter. eun. 832 Fl.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > committo
110 fas

fās, n. indecl. (zu fārī, fātum), die Äußerung; dah. I) eig., der göttliche Ausspruch, das göttliche Gebot, die göttlichen Satzungen, das göttliche Gesetz, - Recht (im Ggstz. zu ius, den menschl. Satzungen, dem menschl. Rechte), sicut fas iusque est, Liv.: ius ac fas colere, Liv.: ius ac fas omne delere, Cic.: fas omne violare, Lact.: contra fas, contra auspicia, contra omnes divinas atque humanas religiones, Cic.: contra ius fasque, Cic. u. Sall. – personif., audi Iuppiter, audite fines, audiat fas, Liv.: prima deûm Fas, quae Themis est Graiis, Auson.: fas omne mundi, alle Götter, Sen. poët. – II) übtr.: A) das nach göttlichem Gebote, also auch nach dem Gesetze der Natur u. nach unserem sittlichen Gefühl Pflichtmäßige, Erlaubte, die heilige Pflicht, das heilige Recht, die heilige Ordnung, Weltordnung (im Ggstz. zu nefas, dem Pflichtwidrigen, dem Unrecht, der Sünde, einerseits u. zu ius, der auf menschl. Gesetze u. Herkommen begründeten Befugnis, andrerseits), 1) im allg.: per omne fas et nefas alqm sequi, in allem Guten u. Bösen, Liv.: per omne fas ac nefas ruere, alles Recht mit Füßen treten, Lucan.: ubi fas versum atque nefas, Verg.: omne fas abrumpere, Verg.: ius fasque exuere, Tac.: ultra fas trepidare, Hor. – fas gentium, Tac.: id fas armorum et ius hostium est, Tac.: fas disciplinae, Tac. – dah. fas est, wie ὅδιόν

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εστι, es ist (nach göttlichem Gesetze, also auch nach dem Gesetze der Natur und nach unserem sittlichen Gefühl) pflichtmäßig, es schickt sich, es ist erlaubt, -zulässig, -gestattet, -möglich, quod aut per naturam fas esset aut per leges liceret, Cic.: sicut fas iusque est, Liv.: si fas est, Catull. u.a.: si ius, si fas est, Ter.: si fas est m. folg. Infin., Cic. u.a.: mit 2. Supin., si hoc fas est dictu, Cic. Tusc. 5, 38. – contra quam fas erat, Cic. – fas est u. fas non est m. folg. Infin., Cic., Caes. u.a.: alci fas est m. Infin., Enn. fr. var. 23. Tac. ann. 1, 77. – fas existimare, Plaut., od. fas habere, Quint., od. fas putare, Caes., m. folg. Infin. od. Acc. u. Infin. – fas habere m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, Plaut. trin. 288. – 2) insbes., v. den Gerichtstagen: quando rex comitiavit, fas, ist es erlaubt, Gericht zu halten; Varro LL. 6, 31 (vgl. 6, 29). – B) das durch das göttl. Gesetz, also auch durch das Naturgesetz bestimmte Schicksal, Verhängnis, fas obstat, Verg. – bes. fas est m. folg. Infin. od. Acc. u. Infin., es ist vom Schicksal bestimmt, si cadere fas est, Ov.: me natam nulli veterum sociare procorum fas erat, Verg.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > fas
111 sto

1. sto, stetī, statum, stātūrus, āre (Stamm sta, wie in εστη-κα, εστάναι, ahd. stân), stehen, I) im Ggstz. zum Sitzen usw., im weiteren Sinne = stehend verweilen, sich aufhalten, sich befinden, A) eig.: 1) im allg.: a) v. leb. Wesen: stant ambo, non sedent, Plaut.: cum virgo staret et Caecilia in sella sederet, Cic.: stans ac rectus homo (Ggstz. humilis et ad terram more quadrupedum abiectus), Liv.: stantes (im Stehen, sich erhoben habend) plaudebant, Cic. (vgl. stantia in plausum tota theatra, Prop.): Minerva, quae est in Parthenone stans (in stehender Stellung), Plin.: stando (im Stehen) mingens, Amm.: cui standi (sich auf den Füßen zu erhalten) vulnera vires non dederant, Ov.: stans pede in uno, Hor.: stante alqo, in jmds. Gegenwart, Cic. u. Tac.: me stante, Cic.: stantibus legatis, in Gegenwart d.G., Liv. – ad ianuam, ad curiam, Cic.: ad fores, Curt.: ante aedes, Plaut.: post aulaea, Curt.: in atriis, Plaut.: in conspectu exercitus, Curt.: cum gladiis in conspectu senatus, Cic.: circum senatum (v. Bürgern usw.), Cic.: propter in occulto, Cic.: stat super (oben darauf, auf dem Wagen), Ov.: hic foris, Plaut.: hinc procul, Ter.: qui proximi steterant, Caes. – Pass. impers., quid agitur? statur! Plaut. u. Ter. – b) v. lebl. Subjj.: stabat in his (lucis) ingens quercus, Ov.: in cava nullus stet tibi nare pilus, Ov.: stant saxa antro, Ov.: stramenta stantia in segete re-

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linquit, ut postea subsecentur, Varro. – v. Altären u. Bildsäulen, stabant sine ignibus arae, Ov.: quorum statuae steterunt in rostris, Cic.: signa stant ad impluvium, Cic.: stabat commune sepulcrum, Hor.: aëneus (als eherne Bildsäule) ut stes, Hor.: levi de marmore tota stabis, wirst dastehen (als Bildsäule) aus M., Verg. – v. Webstuhle und dem Gewebe, aufrecht stehend, stans tela, Ov. met. 4, 275: stantes telae, Ov. fast. 3, 819.

2) insbes.: a) als milit. t.t. – stehen, aufgestellt sein, laxius, Curt.: in ulteriore ripa, Curt.: ante signa, Curt.: pro porta (v. Posten), Liv.: extra teli iactum, Liv.: sub armis, Auct. b. Afr.: in acie, Auct. b. Hisp.: haud impari acie, Liv.: pars aciei stetit sub hoste (tiefer als der F.), Auct. b. Afr.: quotā parte virium suarum ibi dimicavit Antiochus? In Asia totius Asiae steterunt vires, Liv.: stetimus tela aspera contra contulimusque manus, Verg.: Bactriani armati stabant, Curt.: Eumenes rex Attalusque cum omni manu sua ab tergo inter postremam aciem ac vallum steterunt, Liv. – b) v. Dienern, dastehen, aufwarten, pueri eximiā facie stabant, C. Gracch. fr.: sto exspectans, si quid mihi imperent, Ter.: ad cyathum et vinum, Suet.: ad pedes, Suet. – c) v. Buhldirnen = prostare, feilstehen, meritoria (sc. scorta) intra urbem stare vetuit, Vopisc. Tac. 10, 2: stat meretrix certo cuivis mercabilis aere, Ov. am. 1, 10, 21: olente in fornice stans,

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Hor. sat. 1, 2, 30: quod steterat multis in carcere fornicis annis, Iuven. 10, 239; vgl. 11, 172. – d) von Gebäuden = fertig dastehen, erbaut sein, iam stabant Thebae, Ov.: stet Capitolium fulgens, Hor.: aedificant muros. Stabat opus, Ov.: iam stare ratem, Val. Flacc. – e) v. Schiffen u. Schiffern, wo liegen, vor Anker liegen, stant litore puppes, Verg.: lembi, qui in Strymone stabant, Liv.: stabat classis in salo ad Leptim, Auct. b. Afr.: classe divisā pars in salo ad ostium portus in ancoris stetit, Liv.: intra sexagesimum diem quam caesa silva erat centum sexaginta navium classis in ancoris stetit, Flor.: nox ea, quā propter vim tempestatis stare ad ancoram in salo Romana classis non posset, Liv. – f) starrend stehen, emporstehen, -starren, -ragen, steteruntque comae, Verg. u. Ov.: crines fulti pulvere, Stat.: saetae, cristae, Ov.: stant mammae, Plin. – g) mit Abl. = von etwas starren, strotzen, vollstehen, -sein, cupressi stant rectis foliis, Enn. fr.: stat ager sentibus, Caecil. com. fr.: stat nive candidum Soracte, Hor.: pulvere caelum stare, Verg.: stant lumina flammā, Verg.

B) bildl.: 1) im allg.: in fastigio eloquentiae, Quint.: ante oculos stat ille meos, Ov.: pericula stant circum alqm, Verg.

2) auf jmds. Seite stehen, -sein, ihm anhangen, beistehen, od. das Gegenteil, gegen jmd. stehen, jmds. Gegner sein, a) mit ab u. Abl.: stare a se potius

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quam ab adversariis, Cic.: ab iis stare, Nep.: a senatu et a bonorum causa stare, Cic. – b) mit cum u. Abl.: vobiscum me stetisse dicebat, Cic.: quae (pars) cum Romanis stabat, Liv.: cum di prope cum Hannibale starent, Liv.: capita nominis Latini stare ac sentire cum rege videbant, Liv.: übtr., fortuna cum barbaris stabat, Liv.: victoria stat tecum, Ov. – c) m. pro u. Abl.: pro nobis, Ov.: pro Iuba atque Afris, Quint.: pro Pompei partibus, id est pro re publica, Vell.: pro meliore causa, Curt.: pro isdem partibus, Sen.: ruina partium, pro quibus steterat, Liv. fr.: stabat pro templo, für den T. (als Schützer), er war der Tempelhüter, Verg.: übtr., si pro mea patria ista virtus staret, Liv.: ni pro iure gentium stetisset fortuna, Liv.: stabat pro partibus invicta fortuna, Flor.: stabit pro signis iusque piumque tuis, Ov. – d) m. in u. Abl.: Graeci, qui in Darei partibus steterant, Curt. 3, 11 (28), 18. – e) mit in od. contra od. adversus u. Akk., gew. im Ggstz. zu ab, cum, pro u. Abl.: nec steterunt in te virque paterque meus, Ov.: quod adversus populi commoda in senectute steterat, sich dem V. des V. widersetzt hatte, Nep.: cum saepe a mendacio contra verum stare homines consuescerent, Cic.: qui nobiscum adversus barbaros steterunt, Nep.: Ligarium non pro Cn. Pompeio, sed pro Iuba et Afris inimicissimis populo Romano stetisse, Quint.: Mulciber in Troiam, pro Troia stabat Apollo, Ov.: mox simulatione contra Pompeium et

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Caesarem, animo pro Caesare stetit, Vell.: quemadmodum Antiochi Philippique bello pro vobis adversus reges, sic nunc pro rege adversus vos stetimus, Liv.: cum quo ferocissime pro Romana societate adversus Punicum foedus steterat, Liv. – f) mit Advv.: hinc stas, illim causam dicis, Plaut. Men. 799: ut, unde stetisset, eo se victoria transferret, Iustin. 5, 4, 12: prope incondita Thurinorum turba nec satis fido animo, unde pugnabat, stans, Liv. 25, 15, 13: unde ius stabat, ei (populo) victoriam dedit (eventus belli), Liv. 21, 10, 9: aliunde stet semper, aliunde sentiat, Liv. 24, 45, 3.

3) auf jmd. od. etwas beruhen, m. in u. Abl. od. m. bl. Abl., omnis in Ascanio cari stat cura parentis, Verg.: stat salus in armis, Val. Flacc.: vigili stant bella magistro, Sil.

4) wie unser zu stehen kommen = kosten, centum talentis, Liv.: magno pretio, Hor.: alci gratis, Cic. Verr. 5, 48 (s. Zumpt z. St.). – übtr., multo sanguine ac vulneribus ea Poenis victoria stetit, Liv.: damnavit multo staturum sanguine Martem, Mart.: sanguine quippe, si renuat, blando nimium facilique marito statura obsequia, Sil.: nulla pestis humano generi pluris stetit, Sen.: tunc res immenso placuit statura labore, Lucan.: haud scio an magno detrimento certamen staturum fuerit, Liv.: periculum vitae meae tuo stat periculo, wird erkauft, ist zu haben für usw., Plaut.: Her-

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culeo stabunt (logi ridiculi) prandio, cenā tibi, Plaut.

II) prägn.: A) eig.: 1) im Ggstz. zur Bewegung = stillstehen, -halten, still-, unbeweglich dastehen, sich nicht rühren, a) eig.: α) v. leb. Wesen, si iste ibit, ito: stabit, astato simul, Plaut.: sed abi intro, noli stare, Plaut.: quid stas lapis? Ter. – equus stare nescit, Verg.: ut taurus vaccā ademptā stare nequit, ruhen und rasten, Ov. – β) v. lebl. Subjj., wie v. Schiffen, videsne navem illam? stare nobis videtur, at iis qui in navi sunt moveri haec villa, Cic. Acad. 2, 81: stetit aequore puppis, Ov.: mea si staret navis in Oceano, still läge, Prop. – von Himmelskörpern, statim stant signa, Plaut. – von Gewässern und anderen Flüssigkeiten, stant aquae, Ov.: placidum ventis stat mare, Verg.: stantia freta, Ov.: stat et fracto dolio vinum, Sen.: gelidus in venis stetit haesitque sanguis, Sen. poët.: cuius ex levi tactu stabant profluvia sanguinis, Arnob. – vom Eis, stat glacies iners, Hor. – b) übtr., von der Zeit – gleichs. stillstehen, verweilen, non segnis stat remeatve dies, Tibull.: veluti stet volucris dies, Hor.

2) mit dem Nbbegr. der Festigkeit, a) als milit. t.t. – α) stehen, festen Fuß fassen, standhalten, in gradu (auf der Mensur), Cic.: qui (miles) steterit (Ggstz. abiecto scuto fugiat), Cic.: in acie stare ac pugnare (Ggstz. in castra refugere), Liv.: verb. comminus stare et impetum sustinere, Caes.: contra leonem

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etiam stetit, Spart. – β) übtr., v. Kampfe selbst – stehen, auf einer Stelle haften, schweben, anceps dicitur certamen stetisse, soll ohne allen Ausschlag gestanden haben, Liv.: ibi aliquamdiu atrox pugna stetit, Liv.: diu pugna neutro inclinata stetit, Liv. – b) von Felsen, Gebäuden = fest, unerschütterlich stehen, dauern (vgl. Drak. Liv. 31, 31, 15), quam si dura silex aut stet Marpesia cautes, Verg.: nec domus ulla nec urbs stare poterit, Cic.: stantibus Hierosolymis, Cic.: muros stare, Liv.: stantia moenia (Ggstz. ruinae muri), Liv.: aedes sacrae stantes (Ggstz. aedium sacrarum ruinae), Sen. – c) v. Geschossen, fest stecken bleiben, haften, missum stetit inguine ferrum, Ov.: hasta stetit medio tergo, Ov.: ossa inter ferreus ad costas alto stat vulnere mucro, Verg.

B) bildl.: 1) im allg., stillstehen, stehenbleiben, utinam res publica stetisset quo coeperat statu, Cic. de off. 2, 3: nihil quo stat loco stabit, omnia sternet abducetque secum vetustas, Sen. ad Marc. 26, 6.

2) stare per alqm, durch jmds. Schuld gleichs. hangen bleiben = an jmd. hangen, liegen, jmds. Schuld sein, per me stetisse, Ter.: non per me stetit, Quint. – oft stat od. non (nihil) stat per alqm m. folg. quo minus u. Konj., Caes., Liv. u.a., od. stat per alqm m. folg. quin od. ne u. Konj., Liv., Suet. u.a. (vgl. Drak. Liv. 8, 2, 2. M. Müller Liv. 2, 31, 11. Ruperti Tac. dial. 21 extr.): u. per alqm stat m. folg. ut

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u. Konj., Plin. ep. 10, 6 (22), 2. Ps. Quint. decl. 250: per alqm non stat m. folg. Infin., Scaevol. dig. 32, 1, 38. § 6.

3) mit dem Nbbegr. der Festigkeit u. Dauer = a) fest-, unerschüttert stehen, sich halten, sich behaupten, bestehen, verbleiben, Bestand haben (Ggstz. titubare, corruere, concĭdere), si stare non possunt, corruant, wenn sie sich nicht halten, sich nicht (bei ihren Vermögensumständen) behaupten können, so mögen sie fallen (bankrott werden), Cic.: qui me stante (solange ich mich in meiner Würde behauptete) stare non poterant, Cic.: per quos homines ordinesque steterim, Cic.: dum stabat regno incolumis, Verg.: stamus animis, sind festen Mutes, Cic.: stas animo, Hor.: quae si valuissent, res publica staret, tu tuis flagitiis concĭdisses, Cic.: res publica stat virtute suā, Liv.: regnum eorum novum fraternā stare concordiā, Liv.: tutelā muliebri res Latina et regnum avitum puero stetit, verblieb dem Kn., Liv.: stat nulla mortalibus umquam, fortunā titubante, fides, Sil.: nullo enim modo posse video stare istum (Caesarem) diutius, quin ipse per se etiam languentibus nobis concĭdat, Cic. ad Att. 10, 8, 6. – b) bei etw. festbleiben, α) = beharren, verharren, ihm nachkommen, an etw. sich halten bei etw. es bewenden lassen, m. in u. Abl., in fide, Cic.: in sententia, Liv.: stare oportet in eo, quod sit iudicatum, Cic. – m. bl. Abl., stant

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sententiā, Plaut.: suis stare iudiciis, Cic.: censoris opinione, Cic.: alcis iudicio, Cic.: alcis decreto, Caes.: illis promissis, Cic.: pacto, Liv.: ut palam in senatu diceret, staturus eo esset, quod censuissent, an ad populum laturus, Liv.: impers., eo stabitur consilio, Liv.: statur priore foedere, Liv. – mit Dat., arbitri sententiae, voluntati patris defuncti, ICt.: rei iudicatae, ICt. – β) übtr., feststehen = festgesetzt-, fest bestimmt-, fest beschlossen sein, stat sua cuique dies, Verg.: tempus agendae rei nondum stare, Liv.: u. so stat sententia, Ter.: stat pensata diu belli sententia, vincam servare invitos, Sil. – dah. stat alci sententia m. folg. Infin. = es steht bei jmd. der Entschluß-, der Wille fest, es ist bei jmd. fest beschlossen, zu usw., Liv.: so auch stat pectore fixum mit folg. Infin., Val. Flacc.: u. stat alci od. bl. stat mit folg. Infin., Cic. u.a. – c) v. Schauspielern u. Schauspielen, stehen = sich auf der Bühne halten, gefallen (Ggstz. cadere, exigi), in his, quas primum Caecilii didici novas, partim sum earum exactus, partim vix steti, Ter.: illi, scripta quibus comoedia prisca viris est, hoc stabant, Hor. – cum stetit olim nova (fabula), actoris operā magis stetisse quam suā, Ter.: securus, cadat an recto stet fabula talo, Hor. – ⇒ Perf. stĕtĕrunt gemessen, Verg. Aen. 2, 774; 3, 48. Prop. 2, 8, 10 M. Ov. her. 7, 166. – Das Supinum statum will Prisc. 9, 38 mit langem a, dagegen 10, 27 mit kurzem a gemessen

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haben; stātūrus mißt Lucan. 2, 566 u. 719; 3, 381. Sil. 17, 82. Mart. 6, 32, 3. – vulg. Nbf. isto, wov. istat, Augustin. serm. 118, 4 Mai: istamus, Itala (Fuld.) Roman. 5, 2: istatis, Itala (psalt. Veron.) psalm. 133, 1: ista, Itala (Fuld.) Iacob. 2, 3: istare, Isid. de nat. rer. 44, 2 cod. Bamb. A.

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2. stō, s. iste ⇒.

Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch > sto
112 dis-putō

dis-putō āvī, ātus, āre, to weigh, examine, investigate, treat, discuss, explain: de singulis sententiis breviter: ad id: multa de sideribus, Cs.: de omni re in contrarias partes: esse in utramque partem disputatum, Cs.—To argue, maintain, insist: palam: copiose: non ita disputo, such is not my argument: qui contra disputant, opponents: pro omnibus et contra omnia: isti in eo disputant, Contaminari non decere fabulas, T.: nihil contra: contra te: quod disputari contra nullo pacto potest, cannot be disputed: quid desiderem, non quid viderim, the question is, etc.

Latin-English dictionary > dis-putō
113 ac

atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).
I.
In joining single words, which is its most common use.
A.
In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)
1.
The form atque.
a.
Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):
sociorum atque amicorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):
deposci atque expeti,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):
excitare atque inflammare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):
honestissimus atque ornatissimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):
Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—
b.
Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):
Gallorum atque Belgarum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,
Cassius atque Brutus,
Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):
in portubus atque custodiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):
superatam esse atque depressam,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):
vitiis atque flagitiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):
dignitate atque gloria,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:
virtute atque gloria,
Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):
labore atque justitia,
Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):
hilari atque laeto,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):
multae atque magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):
adventu atque nomine,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):
magna atque praeclara,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):
se conlegit atque recreavit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):
provinciarum atque sociorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):
parietum atque tectorum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):
gravis atque vehemens,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—
2.
The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):
sentientes ac bene meritos,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:
feri ac barbari,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):
liberis ac conjugibus,
Liv. 21, 30:
Romae ac circa urbem,
id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):
periculum ac discrimen,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:
usus ac disciplina,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):
opima est ac fertilis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:
potentissimos ac firmissimos,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;
2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):
nobilitatis ac juventutis,
Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):
terrore ac metu,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):
insedit ac nimis inveteravit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:
gentes ac nationes,
id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):
celeberrimum ac plenissimum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):
firmamenti ac roboris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):
vectigalibus ac sociis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):
tantis rebus ac tanto bello,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):
armatos ac victores,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:
inconsulte ac veluti etc.,
Sall. C. 42, 2:
opera ac vineae,
Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:
Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,
Tac. Agr. 35:
in se simul atque in Herculem,
id. G. 34:
suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,
id. ib. 30; so,
sociis pariter atque hostibus,
id. H. 4, 73:
innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,
id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:
verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,
Cic. Cael. 19, 45:
omnia honesta atque inhonesta,
Sall. C. 30, 4:
nobiles atque ignobiles,
id. ib. 20, 7:
caloris ac frigoris patientia par,
Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:
vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—
B.
Esp.
a.
In a hendiadys:
utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,
with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:
de conplexu ejus ac sinu,
of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:
me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,
Sall. C. 3 fin.:
clamore atque adsensu,
shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—
b.
In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).
(α).
Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:
Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,
and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:
rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,
and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:
magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,
and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:
hebeti ingenio atque nullo,
and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:
ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,
and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:
fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,
and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:
intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,
id. C. 52, 35.—
(β).
With adeo, and that too, and even:
intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:
qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,
id. ib. 2, 12, 27:
insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,
id. Planc. 19 fin.:
non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,
Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:
atque adeo autem quor etc.,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—
(γ).
With etiam:
id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,
and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:
ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,
Liv. 3, 46.—
(δ).
With the dem. pron. hic, is:
negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,
and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:
maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 27:
Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,
id. ib. 2, 2:
duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,
id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:
flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,
id. B. G. 5, 18:
ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:
dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,
Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—
II.
In comparisons.
A.
Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:
si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:
Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,
Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:
pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:
neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:
parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 5:
magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,
id. Hann. 5, 3:
pariter patribus ac plebi carus,
Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:
In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,
Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:
equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:
cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:
Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,
Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:
et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,
id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:
similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,
Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:
contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,
Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:
faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:
cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,
Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—
B.
Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:
illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,
other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:
aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.
also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,
Cic. Att. 2, 3:
simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:
vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:
qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,
id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:
membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,
id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:
cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,
id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—
C.
Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;
once, however, non aliter, ac si,
Cic. Att. 13, 51;
v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,
Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:
nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,
id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:
quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:
et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,
id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:
si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,
id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:
Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,
just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:
tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:
reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,
id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:
quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,
id. Mur. 4 fin.:
haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,
Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —
D.
More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;
in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:
haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:
debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,
Cic. Cat. 4, 2:
pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,
id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:
non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,
nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:
neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:
num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?
id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—
E.
Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):
nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:
quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,
id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:
quae suco caret atque putris pumex,
Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—
F.
Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:
amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:
non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:
Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,
Cat. 61, 172:
haud minus ac jussi faciunt,
Verg. A. 3, 561:
Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:
nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,
id. ib. 2, 7, 96:
Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,
id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —
G.
In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:
principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,
as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:
judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,
Dig. 21, 1, 25:
quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,
ib. 16, 1, 24.—
III.
To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.
a.
Absol.:
Decipiam ac non veniam,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:
si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:
perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,
Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:
quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 33:
si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?
id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:
nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,
id. Att. 1, 16:
si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,
id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:
si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,
id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:
velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,
Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:
si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,
Tac. Or. 1.—
b.
With potius:
Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):
quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?
id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:
concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,
Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —
IV.
In connecting clauses and beginning periods.
1.
In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:
atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:
cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:
multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,
Tac. A. 1, 47:
Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,
Tac. Or. 14:
ac similiter in translatione, etc.,
Quint. 3, 6, 77.—
2.
In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.
a.
Absol.:
maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,
and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —
b.
Often with etiam:
Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,
Cic. Or. 40, 139:
Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—
c.
Sometimes with quoque:
Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—
d.
And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—
3.
In narration:
aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,
Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:
completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,
Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —
4.
In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):
Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:
ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,
Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;
12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,
Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;
and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,
Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:
Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:
Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,
id. Lael. 15, 54.—
5.
In connecting two acts or events.
a.
In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;
ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,
And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:
Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,
and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:
dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:
lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,
and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:
dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,
Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:
tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,
id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:
cape hoc argentum atque defer,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:
abi domum ac deos comprecare,
id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:
tace modo ac sequere hac,
id. ib. 2, 4, 16:
Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,
Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:
Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,
id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—
b.
In the order of thought, and so, and thus, and therefore.
(α).
Absol.:
si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,
and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—
(β).
With ita or sic:
Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,
Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:
ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,
Quint. 12, 10, 67.—
c.
Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):
non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,
Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—
6.
(As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:
Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:
hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;
ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:
Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,
And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—
7.
In expressing a wish, atque utinam:
Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!
Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:
Atque utinam pro decore etc.,
Liv. 21, 41, 13:
Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,
Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:
Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!
Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—
8.
To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.
a.
Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;
atque ipsis commentum placet,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):
ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,
id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:
ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,
and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:
observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,
Plin. Pan. 26.—
b.
With tamen:
nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:
discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,
id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:
Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,
id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):
ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,
Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;
14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,
id. H. 5, 16.—
9.
To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;
... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:
nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),
Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—
10.
In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).
a.
A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:
Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,
Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:
Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,
id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:
Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,
Cels. 8, 1:
Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:
Ac ne forte putes,
id. ib. 2, 1, 208:
Ac ne forte putes etc.,
Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—
b.
A positive purpose:
Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:
Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:
Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,
id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—
11.
a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:
atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,
id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—
b.
In introducing parentheses:
vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,
Liv. 21, 38:
omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,
Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —
c.
At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:
Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,
id. Off. 1, 6, 19:
Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,
id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—
V.
In particular connections and phrases.
A.
Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:
unae atque alterae scalae,
Sall. J. 60, 7:
quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,
id. ib. 93, 2:
unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,
Tac. H. 5, 6:
dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,
Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:
alius atque alius,
Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:
aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,
Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—
B.
Etiam atque etiam. again and again:
temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:
etiam atque etiam considera,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:
monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,
id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:
iterum atque iterum,
Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—
C.
Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—
D.
Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:
atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,
but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:
Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,
and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—
E.
Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:
Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,
Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:
quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,
id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:
nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,
id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:
Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,
Quint. 10, 2, 2.—
F.
With other conjunctions.
1.
After et:
equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:
Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,
id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:
vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,
Tac. Agr. 32.:
denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,
Liv. 21, 6, 4:
ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,
id. 21, 41, 2:
et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,
Quint. 8, 3, 3:
Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,
id. 12, 10, 67. —
2.
After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:
submoverique atque in castra redigi,
Liv. 26, 10:
terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,
id. 21, 52:
mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,
Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—
3.
Before et:
caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,
Tac. Agr. 32.—
4.
After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):
nec clavis nec canis atque calix,
Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:
mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,
Suet. Vesp. 12.—
G.
Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:
atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:
omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,
id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:
Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,
Cat. 68, 152:
Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,
Verg. G. 4, 463:
Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,
id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:
Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,
Tib. 2, 5, 73:
complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,
Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.

► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:
a.
In the second place:
Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,
Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:
Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,
id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):
Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,
Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—
b.
In the third place:
quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.)

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ac
114 adque

atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).
I.
In joining single words, which is its most common use.
A.
In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)
1.
The form atque.
a.
Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):
sociorum atque amicorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):
deposci atque expeti,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):
excitare atque inflammare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):
honestissimus atque ornatissimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):
Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—
b.
Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):
Gallorum atque Belgarum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,
Cassius atque Brutus,
Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):
in portubus atque custodiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):
superatam esse atque depressam,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):
vitiis atque flagitiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):
dignitate atque gloria,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:
virtute atque gloria,
Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):
labore atque justitia,
Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):
hilari atque laeto,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):
multae atque magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):
adventu atque nomine,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):
magna atque praeclara,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):
se conlegit atque recreavit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):
provinciarum atque sociorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):
parietum atque tectorum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):
gravis atque vehemens,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—
2.
The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):
sentientes ac bene meritos,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:
feri ac barbari,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):
liberis ac conjugibus,
Liv. 21, 30:
Romae ac circa urbem,
id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):
periculum ac discrimen,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:
usus ac disciplina,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):
opima est ac fertilis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:
potentissimos ac firmissimos,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;
2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):
nobilitatis ac juventutis,
Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):
terrore ac metu,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):
insedit ac nimis inveteravit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:
gentes ac nationes,
id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):
celeberrimum ac plenissimum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):
firmamenti ac roboris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):
vectigalibus ac sociis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):
tantis rebus ac tanto bello,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):
armatos ac victores,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:
inconsulte ac veluti etc.,
Sall. C. 42, 2:
opera ac vineae,
Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:
Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,
Tac. Agr. 35:
in se simul atque in Herculem,
id. G. 34:
suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,
id. ib. 30; so,
sociis pariter atque hostibus,
id. H. 4, 73:
innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,
id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:
verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,
Cic. Cael. 19, 45:
omnia honesta atque inhonesta,
Sall. C. 30, 4:
nobiles atque ignobiles,
id. ib. 20, 7:
caloris ac frigoris patientia par,
Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:
vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—
B.
Esp.
a.
In a hendiadys:
utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,
with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:
de conplexu ejus ac sinu,
of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:
me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,
Sall. C. 3 fin.:
clamore atque adsensu,
shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—
b.
In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).
(α).
Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:
Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,
and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:
rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,
and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:
magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,
and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:
hebeti ingenio atque nullo,
and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:
ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,
and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:
fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,
and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:
intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,
id. C. 52, 35.—
(β).
With adeo, and that too, and even:
intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:
qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,
id. ib. 2, 12, 27:
insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,
id. Planc. 19 fin.:
non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,
Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:
atque adeo autem quor etc.,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—
(γ).
With etiam:
id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,
and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:
ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,
Liv. 3, 46.—
(δ).
With the dem. pron. hic, is:
negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,
and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:
maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 27:
Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,
id. ib. 2, 2:
duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,
id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:
flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,
id. B. G. 5, 18:
ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:
dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,
Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—
II.
In comparisons.
A.
Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:
si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:
Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,
Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:
pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:
neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:
parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 5:
magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,
id. Hann. 5, 3:
pariter patribus ac plebi carus,
Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:
In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,
Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:
equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:
cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:
Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,
Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:
et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,
id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:
similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,
Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:
contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,
Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:
faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:
cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,
Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—
B.
Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:
illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,
other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:
aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.
also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,
Cic. Att. 2, 3:
simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:
vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:
qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,
id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:
membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,
id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:
cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,
id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—
C.
Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;
once, however, non aliter, ac si,
Cic. Att. 13, 51;
v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,
Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:
nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,
id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:
quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:
et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,
id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:
si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,
id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:
Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,
just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:
tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:
reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,
id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:
quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,
id. Mur. 4 fin.:
haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,
Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —
D.
More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;
in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:
haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:
debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,
Cic. Cat. 4, 2:
pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,
id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:
non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,
nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:
neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:
num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?
id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—
E.
Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):
nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:
quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,
id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:
quae suco caret atque putris pumex,
Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—
F.
Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:
amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:
non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:
Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,
Cat. 61, 172:
haud minus ac jussi faciunt,
Verg. A. 3, 561:
Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:
nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,
id. ib. 2, 7, 96:
Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,
id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —
G.
In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:
principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,
as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:
judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,
Dig. 21, 1, 25:
quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,
ib. 16, 1, 24.—
III.
To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.
a.
Absol.:
Decipiam ac non veniam,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:
si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:
perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,
Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:
quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 33:
si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?
id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:
nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,
id. Att. 1, 16:
si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,
id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:
si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,
id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:
velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,
Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:
si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,
Tac. Or. 1.—
b.
With potius:
Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):
quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?
id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:
concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,
Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —
IV.
In connecting clauses and beginning periods.
1.
In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:
atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:
cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:
multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,
Tac. A. 1, 47:
Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,
Tac. Or. 14:
ac similiter in translatione, etc.,
Quint. 3, 6, 77.—
2.
In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.
a.
Absol.:
maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,
and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —
b.
Often with etiam:
Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,
Cic. Or. 40, 139:
Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—
c.
Sometimes with quoque:
Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—
d.
And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—
3.
In narration:
aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,
Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:
completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,
Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —
4.
In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):
Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:
ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,
Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;
12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,
Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;
and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,
Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:
Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:
Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,
id. Lael. 15, 54.—
5.
In connecting two acts or events.
a.
In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;
ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,
And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:
Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,
and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:
dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:
lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,
and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:
dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,
Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:
tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,
id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:
cape hoc argentum atque defer,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:
abi domum ac deos comprecare,
id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:
tace modo ac sequere hac,
id. ib. 2, 4, 16:
Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,
Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:
Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,
id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—
b.
In the order of thought, and so, and thus, and therefore.
(α).
Absol.:
si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,
and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—
(β).
With ita or sic:
Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,
Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:
ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,
Quint. 12, 10, 67.—
c.
Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):
non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,
Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—
6.
(As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:
Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:
hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;
ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:
Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,
And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—
7.
In expressing a wish, atque utinam:
Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!
Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:
Atque utinam pro decore etc.,
Liv. 21, 41, 13:
Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,
Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:
Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!
Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—
8.
To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.
a.
Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;
atque ipsis commentum placet,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):
ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,
id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:
ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,
and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:
observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,
Plin. Pan. 26.—
b.
With tamen:
nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:
discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,
id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:
Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,
id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):
ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,
Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;
14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,
id. H. 5, 16.—
9.
To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;
... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:
nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),
Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—
10.
In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).
a.
A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:
Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,
Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:
Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,
id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:
Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,
Cels. 8, 1:
Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:
Ac ne forte putes,
id. ib. 2, 1, 208:
Ac ne forte putes etc.,
Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—
b.
A positive purpose:
Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:
Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:
Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,
id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—
11.
a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:
atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,
id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—
b.
In introducing parentheses:
vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,
Liv. 21, 38:
omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,
Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —
c.
At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:
Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,
id. Off. 1, 6, 19:
Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,
id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—
V.
In particular connections and phrases.
A.
Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:
unae atque alterae scalae,
Sall. J. 60, 7:
quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,
id. ib. 93, 2:
unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,
Tac. H. 5, 6:
dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,
Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:
alius atque alius,
Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:
aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,
Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—
B.
Etiam atque etiam. again and again:
temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:
etiam atque etiam considera,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:
monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,
id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:
iterum atque iterum,
Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—
C.
Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—
D.
Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:
atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,
but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:
Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,
and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—
E.
Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:
Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,
Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:
quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,
id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:
nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,
id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:
Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,
Quint. 10, 2, 2.—
F.
With other conjunctions.
1.
After et:
equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:
Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,
id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:
vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,
Tac. Agr. 32.:
denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,
Liv. 21, 6, 4:
ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,
id. 21, 41, 2:
et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,
Quint. 8, 3, 3:
Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,
id. 12, 10, 67. —
2.
After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:
submoverique atque in castra redigi,
Liv. 26, 10:
terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,
id. 21, 52:
mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,
Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—
3.
Before et:
caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,
Tac. Agr. 32.—
4.
After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):
nec clavis nec canis atque calix,
Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:
mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,
Suet. Vesp. 12.—
G.
Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:
atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:
omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,
id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:
Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,
Cat. 68, 152:
Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,
Verg. G. 4, 463:
Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,
id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:
Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,
Tib. 2, 5, 73:
complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,
Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.

► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:
a.
In the second place:
Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,
Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:
Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,
id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):
Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,
Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—
b.
In the third place:
quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.)

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adque
115 atque

atque or āc (atque is used before vowels and consonants, ac, in class. lang., only before consonants; v. infra, I.), conj. [at has regularly in the compound atque a continuative, as in atqui it has an adversative force; pr. and further, and besides, and also; cf. in Gr. pros de, pros de eti, eti kai, eti de, and te kai; v. at init., and for the change of form atque, ac, cf. neque, nec; in MSS. and inscriptions sometimes written adque, and sometimes by confusion atqui ], a copulative particle, and also, and besides, and even, and (indicating a close internal connection between single words or whole clauses; while et designates an external connection of diff. objects with each other, v. et; syn.: et, -que, autem, praeterea, porro, ad hoc, ad haec).
I.
In joining single words, which is its most common use.
A.
In gen. (The following representation is based on a collection of all the instances of the use of atque and ac in Cic. Imp. Pomp., Phil. 2, Tusc. 1, and Off. 1; in Caes. B. G. 1 and 2; in Sall. C.; and in Liv. 21; and wherever in the account either author or work is not cited, there atque or ac does not occur.)
1.
The form atque.
a.
Before vowels and h. —Before a (very freq.):
sociorum atque amicorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; id. Phil. 2, 13, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 34, 122; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; 1, 18; 1, 26; 2, 14; Sall. C. 5, 8; 7, 5; Liv. 21, 3; 21, 12.—Before e (very freq.):
deposci atque expeti,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 5; 6, 16; 10, 28; id. Phil, 2, 21, 51; 2, 21, 52; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; Caes. B. G. 1, 6; 1, 15; 1, 18; 2, 19; Sall. C. 14, 6; 49, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 37.—Before i (very freq.):
excitare atque inflammare,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 6; 3, 7; 7, 18; id. Phil. 2, 15, 37; 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 20, 46; 1, 40, 97; Caes. B. G. 1, 17; 1, 20; 1, 22; 2, 1 bis; Sall. C. 2, 3; 3, 5; 14, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 6; 21, 10.—Before o (freq. in Cic.):
honestissimus atque ornatissimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 7, 17; 8, 21; 11, 31; id. Off. 1, 25, 86; 1, 27, 94; Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 14; Sall. C. 10, 6; Liv. 21, 8.—Before u (very rare), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7; 5, 11; 6, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 2, 20; Sall. C. 31, 6; 42, 1.—Before h (not infreq.):
Sertorianae atque Hispaniensis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 24, 87; Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 2, 9; 2, 10; Sall. C. 6, 1; 12, 2; Liv. 21, 37.—
b.
Before consonants.—Before b (very rare):
Gallorum atque Belgarum,
Caes. B. G. 1, 6; so,
Cassius atque Brutus,
Tac. A. 3, 76.—Before c (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Sall.):
in portubus atque custodiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 16; 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 8, 18; id. Tusc. 1, 18, 42; id. Off. 1, 25, 88; Sall. C. 2, 3; 7, 4; 16, 3; 26, 4; 29, 3.—Before d (infreq.):
superatam esse atque depressam,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 8, 21; id. Phil. 2, 44, 114: id. Off. 1, 6, 19; 1, 25, 85; 1, 33, 119; Sall. C. 4, 1; 20, 7; 20, 10.—Before f (infreq.):
vitiis atque flagitiis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 30, 72; id. Off. 1, 28, 98; 1, 28, 100; Caes. B. G. 1, 2; Sall. C. 1, 4; 2, 9; 11, 2.— Before g (very rare):
dignitate atque gloria,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 11; 5, 12:
virtute atque gloria,
Sall. C. 3, 2; 61, 9.—Before j (very rare):
labore atque justitia,
Sall. C. 10, 1; 29, 3.—Before l (rare):
hilari atque laeto,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 42, 100; id. Off. 1, 19, 64; Sall. C. 14, 3; 21, 2; 28, 4.—Before m (infreq. in Cic., once in Caes.):
multae atque magnae,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 17, 50; id. Phil. 2, 39, 100; id. Off. 1, 29, 103; 1, 31, 110; Caes. B. G. 1, 34; Sall. C. 18, 4; 31, 7; 34, 1; 51, 1.—Before n (infreq.):
adventu atque nomine,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 13; 20, 60; id. Off. 1, 28, 101; Sall. C. 2, 2 bis. —Before p (infreq. in Cic.):
magna atque praeclara,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 11, 31; 16, 48; id. Off. 1, 44, 156; Sall. C. 4, 1; 4, 4; 16, 2; 20, 3.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (rare):
se conlegit atque recreavit,
Cic. Phil. 2, 24, 58.— Before s (rare in Cic.):
provinciarum atque sociorum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 1, 24, 71; id. Off. 1, 9, 30; 1, 21, 72; Sall. C. 2, 5; 2, 7; 6, 1.— Before t (infreq.):
parietum atque tectorum,
Cic. Phil. 2, 28, 69; id. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. Off. 1, 35, 126; Sall. C. 42, 2; 50, 3; 51, 38.—Before v (infreq.):
gravis atque vehemens,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 9, 25; id. Tusc. 1, 23, 54; Sall. C. 1, 1; 12, 3; 45, 4; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 30.—
2.
The form ac before consonants.—Before b (very rare):
sentientes ac bene meritos,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149:
feri ac barbari,
Caes. B. G. 1, 31 and 33.—Before c (very rare):
liberis ac conjugibus,
Liv. 21, 30:
Romae ac circa urbem,
id. 21, 62.—Before d (freq. in Cic.):
periculum ac discrimen,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12; 9, 23; 12, 33; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 40; 1, 28, 69; id. Off. 1, 14, 42:
usus ac disciplina,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40; 2, 31; Sall. C. 5, 4; 5, 8; 28, 1; Liv. 21, 10; 21, 18; 21, 19.—Before f (infreq.):
opima est ac fertilis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; 7, 19; id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2; 1, 27, 66; id. Off. 1, 29, 103:
potentissimos ac firmissimos,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3; 1, 48; 2, 12;
2, 13: pessuma ac flagitiosissima,
Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 17; 21, 20.—Before g (does not occur).—Before j (very rare):
nobilitatis ac juventutis,
Cic. Phil. 2, 15, 37.—Before l (not infreq. in Liv.), Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 9; 23, 66; id. Phil. 2, 22, 54; Caes. B. G. 1, 12; 1, 23; 2, 23; Liv. 21, 13; 21, 14; 21, 35.—Before m (not infreq. in Cic.):
terrore ac metu,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23; 18, 54 bis; 20, 59; id. Tusc. 1, 40, 95; id. Off. 1, 30, 106; Caes. B. G. 1, 39; 2, 14; Sall. C. 2, 4; 10, 1; Liv. 21, 8; 21, 60.—Before n (not infreq. in Cic.):
insedit ac nimis inveteravit,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:
gentes ac nationes,
id. ib. 11, 31; 12, 35 bis; id. Phil. 2, 21, 50; id. Tusc. 1, 21, 48; Caes. B. G. 1, 20; 2, 28; Liv. 21, 32.—Before p (not infreq. in Cic., Caes., and Liv.):
celeberrimum ac plenissimum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 33; 12, 35; 13, 36; id. Phil. 2, 15, 39; id. Tusc. 1, 17, 41; id. Off. 1, 20, 68; Caes. B. G. 1, 18; 1, 20; 2, 13; 2, 19; Sall. C. 5, 9; Liv. 21, 25; 21, 34; 21, 35.—Before q (does not occur).—Before r (infreq.):
firmamenti ac roboris,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 4, 10; 8, 21; 15, 45; id. Off. 1, 5, 15; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; Liv. 21, 41; 21, 44.—Before s (freq. in Cic. and Liv., infreq. in Caes.):
vectigalibus ac sociis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 2, 4; 4, 10; 11, 30; id. Phil. 2, 27, 66; Caes. B. G. 1, 25; 1, 31; 1, 33; 2, 24; Liv. 21, 4; 21, 33 bis; 21, 36.—Before t (infreq. in Cic., freq. in Liv.):
tantis rebus ac tanto bello,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27 bis; 19, 56; 20, 59; Caes. B. G. 1, 26; 1, 39; 2, 6; Liv. 21, 7 ter; 21, 10; 21, 14; 21, 25.—Before v (not in Cic., only once in Caes. and Sall., but freq. in Liv.):
armatos ac victores,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:
inconsulte ac veluti etc.,
Sall. C. 42, 2:
opera ac vineae,
Liv. 21, 7; 21, 22; 21, 40; 21, 43. —(So in the phrases treated below: atque adeo, atque alter or alius, atque eccum, atque eo, atque etiam, atque illuc, atque is or hic, atque iterum, atque omnia, atque ut, atque late, atque sic, atque velut, but ac ne, ac si, and ac tamen).—With simul:
Britannorum acies in speciem simul ac terrorem editioribus locis constiterat,
Tac. Agr. 35:
in se simul atque in Herculem,
id. G. 34:
suos prosequitur simul ac deponit,
id. ib. 30; so,
sociis pariter atque hostibus,
id. H. 4, 73:
innocentes ac noxios juxta cadere,
id. A. 1, 48.—Hence, sometimes syn. with et—et, ut—ita, aeque ac; both—and, as—so, as well—as, as well as: hodie sero ac nequiquam [p. 190] voles, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 103 (cf. Cic. Quinct. 25, 79:
verum et sero et nequidquam pudet): copia sententiarum atque verborum,
Cic. Cael. 19, 45:
omnia honesta atque inhonesta,
Sall. C. 30, 4:
nobiles atque ignobiles,
id. ib. 20, 7:
caloris ac frigoris patientia par,
Liv. 21, 4; 6, 41; Vell. 2, 127:
vir bonus et prudens dici delector ego ac tu,
Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 32.—
B.
Esp.
a.
In a hendiadys:
utinam isto animo atque virtute in summa re publica versari quam in municipali maluisset,
with this virtuous feeling, Cic. Leg. 3, 16, 36:
de conplexu ejus ac sinu,
of his bosom embrace, id. Cat. 2, 10, 22:
me eadem, quae ceteros, fama atque invidia vexabat, i. e. invidiosa fama,
Sall. C. 3 fin.:
clamore atque adsensu,
shout of applause, Liv. 21, 3.—
b.
In joining to the idea of a preceding word one more important, and indeed, and even, and especially (v. Kritz ad Sall. J. 4, 3).
(α).
Absol.: Pa. Nempe tu istic ais esse erilem concubinam? Sc. Atque arguo me etc., yea and I maintain that I etc., Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 66: Ph. Tun vidisti? Sc. Atque his quidem oculis, id. ib. 2, 4, 15: Ps. Ecquid habet is homo aceti in pectore? Ch. Atque acidissimi, id. Ps. 2, 4, 49; so id. Bacch. 3, 6, 9; id. Men. 1, 2, 40: Py. Cognoscitne (ea)? Ch. Ac memoriter, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 6:
Faciam boni tibi aliquid pro ista re ac lubens,
and with a good will, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 15:
rem difficilem (dii immortales) atque omnium difficillimam,
and indeed, Cic. Or. 16, 52:
magna diis immortalibus habenda est gratia atque huic ipsi Jovi Statori, etc.,
and especially, id. Cat. 1, 5, 11:
hebeti ingenio atque nullo,
and in fact, id. Tusc. 5, 15, 45:
ex plurimis periculis et insidiis atque ex media morte,
and even, id. Cat. 4, 9:
fratre meo atque eodem propinquo suo interfecto,
and at the same time, Sall. J. 14, 11:
intra moenia atque in sinu urbis,
id. C. 52, 35.—
(β).
With adeo, and that too, and even:
intra moenia atque adeo in senatu,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5:
qui in urbe remanserunt atque adeo qui contra urbis salutem etc.,
id. ib. 2, 12, 27:
insto atque urgeo, insector, posco atque adeo flagito crimen,
id. Planc. 19 fin.:
non petentem atque adeo etiam absentem,
Liv. 10, 5.—And with autem also added:
atque adeo autem quor etc.,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 42.—
(γ).
With etiam:
id jam populare atque etiam plausibile factum est,
and also, Cic. Div. in Caecil. 3, 8:
ne Verginio commeatum dent atque etiam in custodia habeant,
Liv. 3, 46.—
(δ).
With the dem. pron. hic, is:
negotium magnum est navigare atque id mense Quintili,
and besides, and that, and that too, Cic. Att. 5, 12; 1, 14:
maximis defixis trabibus atque eis praeacutis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 27:
Asseres pedum XII. cuspidibus praefixis atque hi maximis ballistis missi,
id. ib. 2, 2:
duabus missis subsidio cohortibus a Caesare, atque his primis legionum duarum,
id. B. G. 5, 15; id. B. C. 3, 70:
flumen uno omnino loco pedibus atque hoc aegre transiri potest,
id. B. G. 5, 18:
ad celeritatem onerandi subductionesque paulo facit humiliores... atque id eo magis, quod, etc.,
id. ib. 5, 1; cf. without id (perh. to avoid the repetition of the pron.): qua (sc. virtute) nostri milites facile superabant, atque eo magis, quod, etc., and that the more because etc., id. ib. 3, 8 fin.:
dicendi artem apta trepidatione occultans atque eo validior,
Tac. H. 1, 69; 2, 37; id. A. 4, 22; 4, 46.—
II.
In comparisons.
A.
Of equality (Rudd. II. p. 94; Zumpt, § 340); with par, idem, item, aequus, similis, juxta, talis, totidem, etc., as: et nota, quod ex hujus modi structura Graeca (sc. homoios kai, etc.) frequenter Latini ac et atque in significatione similitudinis accipiunt, Prisc. pp. 1192 and 1193 P.; cf. Gell. 10, 29; Lidd. and Scott, s. v. kai, III.:
si parem sententiam hic habet ac formam,
Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 36: quom opulenti loquuntur pariter atque ignobiles, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4:
Ecastor pariter hoc atque alias res soles,
Plaut. Men. 5, 1, 52:
pariter nunc opera me adjuves ac re dudum opitulata es,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 3:
neque enim mihi par ratio cum Lucilio est ac tecum fuit,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 3:
parique eum atque illos imperio esse jussit,
Nep. Dat. 3, 5:
magistrum equitum pari ac dictatorem imperio fugavit,
id. Hann. 5, 3:
pariter patribus ac plebi carus,
Liv. 2, 33: nam et vita est eadem et animus te erga idem ac fuit, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:
In hanc argumentationes ex eisdem locis sumendae sunt atque in causam negotialem,
Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 70:
equi quod alii sunt ad rem militarem idonei, alii ad vecturam... non item sunt spectandi atque habendi,
Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 15; id. L. L. 10, § 74 Mull.:
cum ex provincia populi Romani aequam partem tu tibi sumpseris atque populo Romano miseris,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 19:
Modo ne in aequo (jure) hostes apud vos sint ac nos socii,
Liv. 39, 37 (exs. with aeque; v. aeque, d); Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 83 fin.:
et simili jure tu ulcisceris patrui mortem atque ille persequeretur fratris sui, si, etc.,
id. Rab. Perd. 5; id. Phil. 1, 4; id. Agr. 1, 4 fin.:
similem pavorem inde ac fugam fore, ac bello Gallico fuerit,
Liv. 6, 28; Col. 5, 7, 3:
contendant, se juxta hieme atque aestate bella gerere posse,
Liv. 5, 6; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 1, 54, 9:
faxo eum tali mactatum, atque hic est, infortunio,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 9, 39; Cic. Vatin. 4, 10:
cum totidem navibus atque erat profectus,
Nep. Milt. 7, 4.—
B.
Of difference; with alius and its derivv., with dissimile, contra, contrarius, secus, etc., than:
illi sunt alio ingenio atque tu,
other than, different from, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 35 al.; v. the passages under alius, I. B. a:
aliter tuum amorem atque est accipis,
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 23 al.; v. the passages under aliter, 1. a.; cf.
also aliorsum, II., and aliusmodi: quod est non dissimile atque ire in Solonium,
Cic. Att. 2, 3:
simulacrum in excelso collocare et, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
id. Cat. 3, 8, 20:
vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24 fin.; id. Verr. 2, 1, 46:
qui versantur retro, contrario motu atque caelum,
id. Rep. 6, 17, 17:
membra paulo secus a me atque ab illo partita,
id. de Or. 3, 30, 119:
cujus ego salutem non secus ac meam tueri debeo,
id. Planc. 1 fin. al.; v. contra, contrarius, secus, etc.—
C.
Sometimes, in cases of equality or difference, atque with ut or ac with si (with aliter affirm. Cic. appears to connect only atque ut, not ac si;
once, however, non aliter, ac si,
Cic. Att. 13, 51;
v. aliter, 1. b.): pariter hoc fit atque ut alia facta sunt,
Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 11:
nec fallaciam Astutiorem ullus fecit poeta atque Ut haec est fabre facta a nobis,
id. Cas. 5, 1, 6 sqq.:
quod iste aliter atque ut edixerat decrevisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 46:
et qui suos casus aliter ferunt atque ut auctores aliis ipsi fuerunt, etc.,
id. Tusc. 3, 30, 73:
si mentionem fecerint, quo aliter ager possideretur atque ut ex legibus Juliis,
id. Att. 2, 18, 2; 16, 13, c; cf. Wopk. Lect. Tull. 1, 15, p. 118; Dig. 43, 13, 11:
Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,
just as if, Cic. Fam. 13, 43:
tu autem similiter facis ac si me roges, etc.,
id. N. D. 3, 3, 8:
reliquis officiis, juxta ac si meus frater esset, sustentavit,
id. Post. Red. in Sen. 8, 20:
quod dandum est amicitiae, large dabitur a me non secus ac si meus esset frater,
id. Mur. 4 fin.:
haec sunt, tribuni, consilia vestra, non, hercule, dissimilia, ac si quis, etc.,
Liv. 5, 5 fin. al. —
D.
More rare with nimis, in partem, pro eo, etc.;
in Plaut. also with mutare or demutare = aliud esse: nimis bellus, atque ut esse maxume optabam, locus,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 73:
haud centensumam Partem dixi atque, otium rei si sit, possim expromere,
id. Mil. 3, 1, 168: sane quam pro eo ac debui graviter molesteque tuli, just as was my duty, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5:
debeo sperare, omnes deos, qui huic urbi praesident, pro eo mihi, ac mereor, relaturos gratiam esse,
Cic. Cat. 4, 2:
pro eo, ac si concessum sit, concludere oportebit argumentationem,
id. Inv. 1, 32, 54:
non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,
nearly the same as he, id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:
neque se luna quoquam mutat atque uti exorta est semel,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 118:
num quid videtur demutare atque ut quidem Dixi?
id. Mil. 4, 3, 37.—
E.
Sometimes the word indicating comparison (aeque, tantopere, etc.) is to be supplied from the connection (in the class. per. perh. used only once by Cassius in epist. style):
nebula haud est mollis atque hujus est,
Plaut. Cas. 4, 4, 21:
quem esse amicum ratus sum atque ipsus sum mihi,
id. Bacch. 3, 6, 20:
quae suco caret atque putris pumex,
Priap. 32, 7 (Mull., est putusque): digne ac mereor commendatus esse, Cass. ap. Cic. Fam. 12, 13; Dig. 2, 14, 4; 19, 2, 54.—
F.
Poet. or in post-Aug. prose with comparatives (for quam), than:
amicior mihi nullus vivit atque is est,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 56:
non Apollinis magis verum atque hoc responsum est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 15 Ruhnk.:
Illi non minus ac tibi Pectore uritur intimo Flamma,
Cat. 61, 172:
haud minus ac jussi faciunt,
Verg. A. 3, 561:
Non tuus hoc capiet venter plus ac meus,
Hor. S. 1, 1, 46 Bentl. and Heind. (cf. infra:
nihilo plus accipias quam Qui nil portarit): qui peccas minus atque ego,
id. ib. 2, 7, 96:
Artius atque hedera procera adstringitur ilex,
id. Epod. 15, 5; Suet. Caes. 14 Ruhnk. —
G.
In the comparison of two periods of time, most freq. with simul (v. examples under simul); ante- or post-class. with principio, statim:
principio Atque animus ephebis aetate exiit,
as soon as, Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 40:
judici enim, statim atque factus est, omnium rerum officium incumbit,
Dig. 21, 1, 25:
quamvis, statim atque intercessit, mulier competierat,
ib. 16, 1, 24.—
III.
To connect a negative clause which explains or corrects what precedes; hence sometimes with potius (class.; in Cic. very freq., but rare in the poets), and not, and not rather.
a.
Absol.:
Decipiam ac non veniam,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 6:
si fidem habeat,... ac non id metuat, ne etc.,
id. Eun. 1, 2, 60:
perparvam vero controversiam dicis, ac non eam, quae dirimat omnia,
Cic. Leg. 1, 20, 54:
quasi nunc id agatur, quis ex tanta multitudine occiderit, ac non hoc quaeratur, eum, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 33:
si (mundum) tuum ac non deorum immortalium domicilium putes, nonne plane desipere videare?
id. N. D. 2, 6, 17:
nemo erat, qui illum reum ac non miliens condemnatum arbitraretur,
id. Att. 1, 16:
si hoc dissuadere est, ac non disturbare ac pervertere,
id. Agr. 2, 37, 101:
si res verba desideraret ac non pro se ipsa loqueretur,
id. Fam. 3, 2 fin.: hoc te exspectare tempus tibi turpe est ac non ei rei sapientia tua te occurrere, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 6:
velut destituti ac non qui ipsi destituissent,
Liv. 8, 27; 7, 3 fin.:
si mihi mea sententia proferenda ac non disertissimorum,
Tac. Or. 1.—
b.
With potius:
Quam ob rem scriba deducet, ac non potius mulio, qui advexit?
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 79 (B. and K., et):
quis (eum) ita aspexit, ut perditum civem, ac non potius ut importunissimum hostem?
id. Cat. 2, 6, 12.— Pliny the elder commonly employs in this sense atque non, not ac non:
concremasse ea (scrinia) optuma fide atque non legisse,
Plin. 7, 25, 26, § 94; 22, 24, 50, § 108; 29, 2, 9, § 29; 27, 9, 55, § 78; 31, 7, 39, § 73 et saep. —
IV.
In connecting clauses and beginning periods.
1.
In gen., and, and so, and even, and too: Pamph. Antiquam adeo tuam venustatem obtines. Bacch. Ac tu ecastor morem antiquom atque ingenium obtines, And you too, Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 20:
atque illi (philosopho) ordiri placet etc.,
Cic. de Or. 3, 47, 183: Africanus indigens mei? Minime hercle. Ac ne ego quidem illius, And I indeed not, etc., id. Lael. 9, 30; id. Fin. 5, 11, 33:
cum versus facias, te ipsum percontor, etc.... Atque ego cum Graecos facerem, natus mare citra, Versiculos, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 31:
multa quippe et diversa angebant: validior per Germaniam exercitus, etc.... quos igitur anteferret? ac (i. e. similiter angebat), ne postpositi contumelia incenderentur,
Tac. A. 1, 47:
Minime, minime, inquit Secundus, atque adeo vellem maturius intervenisses,
Tac. Or. 14:
ac similiter in translatione, etc.,
Quint. 3, 6, 77.—
2.
In adducing new arguments of similar force in favor of any assertion or making further statements about a subject, etc.; cf. Beier ad Cic. Off. 3, 11, 487.
a.
Absol.:
maxima est enim vis vetustatis et consuetudinis: atque in ipso equo, cujus modo mentionem feci, si, etc.,
and furthermore, and moreover, Cic. Lael. 19, 68: Atque, si natura confirmatura jus non erit, virtutes omnes tollentur, id. Leg. 1, 15, 42 B. and K. —
b.
Often with etiam:
Atque alias etiam dicendi virtutes sequitur,
Cic. Or. 40, 139:
Atque hoc etiam animadvertendum non esse omnia etc.,
id. de Or. 2, 61, 251; so id. Off. 1, 26, 90; id. N. D. 2, 11, 30; Col. 2, 2, 3.—
c.
Sometimes with quoque:
Atque occidi quoque Potius quam cibum praehiberem,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 133; so Cic. N. D. 2, 12, 32; Col. 2, 13, 3, and Cels. 2, 3; 3, 22.—
d.
And even with quoque etiam: Atque ego [p. 191] quoque etiam, qui Jovis sum filius, Contagione etc., Plaut. Am. prol. 30.—
3.
In narration:
aegre submoventes obvios intrare portam, qui adducebant Philopoemenem, potuerunt: atque conferta turba iter reliquum clauserat,
Liv. 39, 49; 5, 21 fin.:
completur caede, quantum inter castra murosque vacui fuit: ac rursus nova laborum facies,
Tac. H. 3, 30; cf. Caes. B. C. 2, 28 fin. and 2, 29 init. —
4.
In introducing comparisons, atque ut, atque velut (mostly poet., esp. in epic poetry):
Atque ut perspicio, profecto etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 53:
ac veluti magno in populo cum saepe coorta est Seditio.... Sic cunctus pelagi cecidit fragor, etc.,
Verg. A. 1, 148; so id. G. 4, 170; id. A. 2, 626; 4, 402; 4, 441; 6, 707; 9, 59; 10, 405; 10, 707; 10, 803; 11, 809; 12, 365; 12, 521; 12, 684; 12, 715;
12, 908: Inclinare meridiem Sentis ac, veluti stet volucris dies, Parcis deripere etc.,
Hor. C. 3, 28, 6; Val. Fl. 6, 664;
and so, Ac velut in nigro jactatis turbine nautis, etc.... Tale fuit nobis Manius auxilium,
Cat. 68, 63 (for which Sillig and Muller read:
Hic velut, etc.): Atque ut magnas utilitates adipiscimur, etc.,
Cic. Off. 2, 5, 16:
Atque ut hujus mores veros amicos parere non potuerunt, sic etc.,
id. Lael. 15, 54.—
5.
In connecting two acts or events.
a.
In the order of time, and then; hence the ancient grammarians assume in it the notion of quick succession, and explain it, though improperly, as syn. with statim, ilico, without any accompanying copulative, v. Gell. 10, 29; Non. p. 530, 1 sq. (only in the poets and histt.): Atque atque accedit muros Romana juventus (the repetition of the atque represents the approach step by step), Enn. ap. Gell. and Non. l. l. (Ann. v. 527 Mull.): Quo imus una;
ad prandium? Atque illi tacent,
And then they are silent, Plaut. Capt. 3, 1, 19:
Ubi cenamus? inquam, atque illi abnuunt,
and upon this they shake their head, id. ib. 3, 1, 21; id. Ep. 2, 2, 33:
dum circumspecto atque ego lembum conspicor,
id. Bacch. 2, 3, 45; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 32; 2, 1, 35; id. Most. 5, 1, 9:
lucernam forte oblitus fueram exstinguere: Atque ille exclamat derepente maximum,
and then he suddenly exclaims, id. ib. 2, 2, 57: cui fidus Achates It comes... atque illi Misenum in litore sicco Ut venere, vident, etc., and as they thus came, etc., Verg. A. 6, 162:
dixerat, atque illi sese deus obtulit ultro,
Stat. Th. 9, 481; 12, 360; Liv. 26, 39, 16; Tac. H. 3, 17:
tum Otho ingredi castra ausus: atque illum tribuni centurionesque circumsistunt,
id. ib. 1, 82. —Sometimes with two imperatives, in order to indicate vividly the necessity of a quicker succession, or the close connection between two actions:
cape hoc argentum atque defer,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 7, 3:
abi domum ac deos comprecare,
id. Ad. 4, 5, 65:
tace modo ac sequere hac,
id. ib. 2, 4, 16:
Accipe carmina atque hanc sine tempora circum hederam tibi serpere,
Verg. E. 8, 12; id. G. 1, 40; 3, 65; 4, 330:
Da auxilium, pater, atque haec omina firma,
id. A. 2, 691; 3, 89; 3, 250; 3, 639; 4, 424; 9, 90; 10, 624; 11, 370.—
b.
In the order of thought, and so, and thus, and therefore.
(α).
Absol.:
si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum, Atque adulescenti morigerasses,
and so, Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 10.—
(β).
With ita or sic:
Ventum deinde ad multo angustiorem rupem, atque ita rectis saxis, etc.,
Liv. 21, 36; Plin. 10, 58, 79, § 158:
ac sic prope innumerabiles species reperiuntur,
Quint. 12, 10, 67.—
c.
Connecting conclusion and condition, so, then (cf. at, II. F.):
non aliter quam qui adverso vix flumine lembum Remigiis subigit, si bracchia forte remisit, Atque illum praeceps prono rapit alveus amni,
Verg. G. 1, 203 (here explained by statim by Gell. 10, 29, and by Servius, but thus its connective force is wholly lost; cf. also Forbig ad h. l. for still another explanation).—
6.
(As supra, I. c.) To annex a thought of more importance:
Satisne videtur declarasse Dionysius nihil esse ei beatum, cui semper aliqui terror impendeat? atque ei ne integrum quidem erat, ut ad justitiam remigraret,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62; id. Tull. 4:
hoc enim spectant leges, hoc volunt, incolumem esse civium conjunctionem, quam qui dirimunt, eos morte... coercent. Atque hoc multo magis efficit ipsa naturae ratio,
id. Off. 3, 5, 23; id. Fam. 6, 1, 4: hac spe lapsus Induciomarus... exsules damnatosque tota Gallia magnis praemiis ad se allicere coepit;
ac tantam sibi jam iis rebus in Gallia auctoritatem comparaverat, ut, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 55 fin.; Nep. Hann. 13, 2; Quint. 1, 10, 16.—Hence also in answers, in order to confirm a question or assertion:
Sed videone ego Pamphilippum cum fratre Epignomo? Atque is est,
And he it is, Yes, it is he, Plaut. Stich. 4, 2, 4; so id. Truc. 1, 2, 24: Th. Mihin malum minitare? Ca. Atque edepol non minitabor, sed dabo, id. Curc. 4, 4, 15: Ch. Egon formidulosus? nemost hominum, qui vivat, minus. Th. Atque ita opust, Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 20.—
7.
In expressing a wish, atque utinam:
Veritus sum arbitros, atque utinam memet possim obliscier! Att., Trag. Rel. p. 160 Rib.: videmus enim fuisse quosdam, qui idem ornate ac graviter, idem versute et subtiliter dicerent. Atque utinam in Latinis talis oratoris simulacrum reperire possemus!
Cic. Or. 7, 22; so id. Rep. 3, 5, 8:
Atque utinam pro decore etc.,
Liv. 21, 41, 13:
Atque utinam ex vobis unus etc.,
Verg. E. 10, 35; id. A. 1, 575:
Atque utinam... Ille vir in medio fiat amore lapis!
Prop. 2, 9, 47; 3, 6, 15; 3, 7, 25; 3, 8, 19 al.—
8.
To connect an adversative clause, and often fully with tamen, and yet, notwithstanding, nevertheless.
a.
Absol.: Mihi quidem hercle non fit veri simile;
atque ipsis commentum placet,
Ter. And. 1, 3, 20 Ruhnk. (atque pro tamen, Don.):
ego quia non rediit filius, quae cogito!... Atque ex me hic natus non est, sed ex fratre,
id. Ad. 1, 1, 15 (Quasi dicat, ex me non est, et sic afficior: quid paterer si genuissem? Don.; cf. Acron. ap. Charis. p. 204 P.); Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48 Beier; id. Mur. 34, 71 Matth.:
ceterum ex aliis negotiis, quae ingenio exercentur, in primis magno usui est memoria rerum gestarum... Atque ego credo fore qui, etc.,
and yet I believe, Sall. J. 4, 1 and 3 Corte; id. C. 51, 35:
observare principis egressum in publicum, insidere vias examina infantium futurusque populus solebat. Labor parentibus erat ostentare parvulos... Ac plerique insitis precibus surdas principis aures obstrepebant,
Plin. Pan. 26.—
b.
With tamen:
nihil praeterea est magnopere dicendum. Ac tamen, ne cui loco non videatur esse responsum, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 85:
discipulos dissimilis inter se ac tamen laudandos,
id. de Or. 3, 10, 35; id. Rep. 1, 7, 12:
Atque in his tamen tribus generibus etc.,
id. Off. 3, 33, 118; id. Pis. 1, 3; 13, 30; id. Prov. Cons. 7, 16; 7, 15 fin. (cf. in reference to the last four passages Wund. Varr. Lectt. p. lviii. sq.):
ac tamen initia fastigii etc.,
Tac. A. 3, 29; 3, 56; 12, 56;
14, 21: pauciores cum pluribus certasse, ac tamen fusos Germanos,
id. H. 5, 16.—
9.
To connect a minor affirmative proposition (the assumptio or propositio minor of logical lang.) in syllogisms, now, but, but now (while atqui is used to connect either an affirmative or negative minor premiss: v. atqui): Scaptius quaternas postulabat. Metui, si impetrasset, ne tu ipse me amare desineres;
... Atque hoc tempore ipso impingit mihi epistulam etc.,
Cic. Att. 6, 1, 6.—Sometimes the conclusion is to be supplied:
nisi qui naturas hominum, penitus perspexerit, dicendo, quod volet, perficere non poterit. Atque totus hic locus philosophorum putatur proprius (conclusion: ergo oratorem philosophiam cognoscere oportet),
Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 53 and 54.—
10.
In introducing a purpose (freq. in Cic.).
a.
A negative purpose, and esp. in anticipating an objection:
Ac ne sine causa videretur edixisse,
Cic. Phil. 3, 9, 24:
Ac ne forte hoc magnum ac mirabile esse videatur,
id. de Or. 2, 46, 191; so id. Fam. 5, 12, 30:
Ac ne saepius dicendum sit,
Cels. 8, 1:
Ac ne forte roges, quo me duce, quo lare tuter,
Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 13:
Ac ne forte putes,
id. ib. 2, 1, 208:
Ac ne forte putes etc.,
Ov. R. Am. 465 (Merkel, Et).—
b.
A positive purpose:
Atque ut ejus diversa studia in dissimili ratione perspicere possitis, nemo etc.,
Cic. Cat. 2, 5, 9:
Atque ut omnes intellegant me etc.... dico etc.,
id. Imp. Pomp. 8, 20; 2, 4; id. Clu. 14, 43; id. Sull. 2, 5; id. de Or. 3, 11, 40:
Atque ut C. Flaminium relinquam etc.,
id. Leg. 3, 9, 20; id. Fin. 3, 2, 4.—
11.
a.. In continuing a thought in assertions or narration, and, now, and now, Plaut. Aul. prol. 18: audistis, cum pro se diceret, genus orationis, etc.,... perspexistis. Atque in eo non solum ingenium ejus videbatis, etc., Cic. Cael. 19, 45; so id. de Or. 3, 32, 130; 2, 7, 27; 3, 10, 39 al.; Caes. B. G. 2, 29; Nep. Ages. 7, 3; 8, 1, Eum. 10, 3 Bremi; Tac. A. 14, 64; 15, 3; Verg. A. 9, 1; Sil. 4, 1 al.: ac si, sublato illo, depelli a vobis omne periculum judicarem, now if I, etc., Cic. Cat. 2, 2, 3:
atque si etiam hoc natura praescribit, etc.,
id. Off. 3, 6, 27; so Quint. 10, 1, 26; 10, 2, 8.—
b.
In introducing parentheses:
vulgo credere, Penino (atque inde nomen et jugo Alpium inditum) transgressum,
Liv. 21, 38:
omne adfectus genus (atque ea maxime jucundam et ornatam faciunt orationem) de luxuria, etc.,
Quint. 4, 3, 15 MSS., where Halm after Spalding reads et quae. —
c.
At the conclusion of a discourse (not infreq. in Cic.): Atque in primis duabus dicendi partibus qualis esset, summatim breviterque descripsimus, And thus have we, then, briefly described, etc., Cic. Or. 15, 50:
Ac de primo quidem officii fonte diximus,
id. Off. 1, 6, 19:
Ac de inferenda quidem injuria satis dictum est,
id. ib. 1, 8, 27; id. Inv. 2, 39, 115 al.—
V.
In particular connections and phrases.
A.
Unus atque alter, one and the other; alius atque alius, one and another; now this, now that:
unae atque alterae scalae,
Sall. J. 60, 7:
quarum (coclearum) cum unam atque alteram, dein plures peteret,
id. ib. 93, 2:
unum atque alterum lacum integer perfluit,
Tac. H. 5, 6:
dilatisque alia atque alia de causa comitiis,
Liv. 8, 23, 17; Col. 9, 8, 10:
alius atque alius,
Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 50 (v. alius, II. D.).—Also separated by several words:
aliud ejus subinde atque aliud facientes initium,
Sen. Ep. 32, 2.—
B.
Etiam atque etiam. again and again:
temo Stellas cogens etiam atque etiam Noctis sublime iter, Enn., Trag. Rel. p. 39 Rib.: etiam atque etiam cogita,
Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 11:
etiam atque etiam considera,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:
monitos eos etiam atque etiam volo,
id. Cat. 2, 12, 27.—So, semel atque iterum, Cic. Font. 26; id. Clu. 49; Tac. Or. 17; and:
iterum atque iterum,
Verg. A. 8, 527; Hor. S. 1, 10, 39.—
C.
Huc atque illuc, hither and thither, Cic. Q. Rosc. 37; id. de Or. 1, 40, 184; Verg. A. 9, 57; Ov. M. 2, 357; 10, 376; Tac. Agr. 10; id. H. 1, 85.—
D.
Longe atque late, far and wide, Cic. Marcell. 29:
atque eccum or atque eccum video, in colloquial lang.: Heus vocate huc Davom. Atque eccum,
but here he is, Ter. And. 3, 3, 48:
Audire vocem visa sum modo militis. Atque eccum,
and here he is, id. Eun. 3, 2, 2; so id. Hec. 4, 1, 8.—
E.
Atque omnia, in making an assertion general, and so generally:
Atque in eis omnibus, quae sunt actionis, inest quaedam vis a natura data,
Cic. de Or. 3, 59, 223:
quorum (verborum) descriptus ordo alias alia terminatione concluditur, atque omnia illa et prima et media verba spectare debent ad ultimum,
id. Or. 59, 200; id. de Or. 2, 64, 257: commoda civium non divellere, atque omnes aequitate eadem continere, and so rather, etc., id. Off. 2, 23, 83:
nihil acerbum esse, nihil crudele, atque omnia plena clementiae, humanitatis,
id. ad Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:
Atque omnis vitae ratio sic constat, ut, quae probamus in aliis, facere ipsi velimus,
Quint. 10, 2, 2.—
F.
With other conjunctions.
1.
After et:
equidem putabam virtutem hominibus instituendo et persuadendo, non minis et vi ac metu tradi,
Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:
Magnifica vero vox et magno viro ac sapiente digna,
id. Off. 3, 1, 1; id. Cael. 13:
vanus aspectus et auri fulgor atque argenti,
Tac. Agr. 32.:
denuntiarent, ut ab Saguntinis abstineret et Carthaginem in Africam traicerent ac sociorum querimonias deferrent,
Liv. 21, 6, 4:
ubi et fratrem consilii ac periculi socium haberem,
id. 21, 41, 2:
et uti liter demum ac Latine perspicueque,
Quint. 8, 3, 3:
Nam et subtili plenius aliquid atque subtilius et vehementi remissius atque vehementius invenitur,
id. 12, 10, 67. —
2.
After que, as in Gr. te kai: litterisque ac laudibus aeternare, Varr. ap. Non. p. 75, 20:
submoverique atque in castra redigi,
Liv. 26, 10:
terrorem caedemque ac fugam fecere,
id. 21, 52:
mus Sub terris posuitque domos atque horrea fecit,
Verg. G. 1, 182; 3, 434; id. A. 8, 486.—
3.
Before et:
caelum ipsum ac mare et silvas circum spectantes,
Tac. Agr. 32.—
4.
After neque (only in the poets and post - Aug. prose):
nec clavis nec canis atque calix,
Mart. 1, 32, 4: naturam Oceani atque aestus [p. 192] neque quaerere hujus operis est, ac multi retulere, Tac. Agr. 10:
mediocritatem pristinam neque dissimulavit umquam ac frequenter etiam prae se tulit,
Suet. Vesp. 12.—
G.
Atque repeated, esp. in arch. Lat.: Scio solere plerisque hominibus in rebus secundis atque prolixis atque prosperis animum excellere atque superbiam atque ferociam augescere atque crescere, Cato ap. Gell. 7, 3: Dicere possum quibus villae atque aedes aedificatae atque expolitae maximo opere citro atque ebore atque pavimentis Poenicis stent, Cato ap. Fest. p. 242 Mull.:
atque ut C. Flamininum atque ea, quae jam prisca videntur, propter vetustatem relinquam,
Cic. Leg. 3, 9, 20:
omnem dignitatem tuam in virtute atque in rebus gestis atque in tua gravitate positam existimare,
id. Fam. 1, 5, 8.—Esp. freq. in enumerations in the poets:
Haec atque illa dies atque alia atque alia,
Cat. 68, 152:
Mavortia tellus Atque Getae atque Hebrus,
Verg. G. 4, 463:
Clioque et Beroe atque Ephyre Atque Opis et Asia,
id. ib. 4, 343.—And sometimes forming a double connective, both— and = et—et:
Multus ut in terras deplueretque lapis: Atque tubas atque arma ferunt crepitantia caelo Audita,
Tib. 2, 5, 73:
complexa sui corpus miserabile nati Atque deos atque astra vocat crudelia mater,
Verg. E. 5, 23; Sil. 1, 93; v. Forbig ad Verg. l. l.

► Atque regularly stands at the beginning of its sentence or clause or before the word it connects, but in poetry it sometimes, like et and at, stands:
a.
In the second place:
Jamque novum terrae stupeant lucescere solem, Altius atque cadant imbres,
Verg. E. 6, 38 Rib., ubi v. Forbig.:
Accipite ergo animis atque haec mea figite dicta,
id. A. 3, 250, and 10, 104 (animis may, however, here be taken with Accipite, as in id. ib. 5, 304):
Esto beata, funus atque imagines Ducant triumphales tuum,
Hor. Epod. 8, 11; id. S. 1, 5, 4; 1, 6, 111; 1, 7, 12 (ubi v. Fritzsche).—
b.
In the third place:
quod pubes hedera virente Gaudeant pulla magis atque myrto,
Hor. C. 1, 25, 18; cf. at fin. (Vid. more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 452-513.)

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > atque
116 tendo

tendo ( tenno), tĕtendi, tentum and tensum, 3, v. a. and n. [root ten-, tan, v. teneo; cf. Gr. teinô].
I.
Act., to stretch, stretch out, distend, extend, etc. (class.; cf.: extendo, explico).
A.
Lit.
1.
In gen.:
suntne igitur insidiae, tendere plagas?
Cic. Off. 3, 17, 68:
plagam, Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. nequitum, p. 162 Müll.: quia non rete accipitri tennitur,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 16 sq.; cf.:
retia (alicui),
Prop. 2, 32 (3, 30), 20; Hor. Epod. 2, 33; Ov. M. 4, 513; 7, 701; 8, 331 al.:
casses alicui,
Tib. 1, 6, 5:
intumescit collum, nervi tenduntur,
Col. 6, 14, 4:
chordam,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 55:
arcum,
to bend, Verg. A. 7, 164; Hor. C. 2, 10, 20; Ov. M. 2, 604; 5, 55; 5, 63; Stat. S. 3, 1, 51.—Hence, poet. transf.:
sagittas Arcu,
to shoot, hurl, Hor. C. 1, 29, 9; cf.:
spicula cornu,
Verg. A. 9, 606:
pariterque oculos telumque,
id. ib. 5, 508:
barbiton,
to tune, Hor. C. 1, 1, 34; cf.:
tympana tenta tonant palmis,
Lucr. 2, 618:
validā lora manu,
Ov. Am. 3, 2, 72:
vela (Noti),
to swell, Verg. A. 3, 268:
praecipiti carbasa tenta Noto,
Ov. H. 10, 30:
praetorium,
to stretch out, pitch, Caes. B. C. 3, 82: pelles in ordine tentae, Lucil. ap. Non. 181, 30:
conopia,
Prop. 3, 11 (4, 10), 45: grabatos restibus, Lucil. ap. Non. 181, 29:
cubilia,
Hor. Epod. 12, 12: manus ad caeli caerula templa, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 51 Vahl.); so, manus ad caelum, Caes. B. C. 2, 5; Verg. A. 3, 176:
bracchia ad caelum,
Ov. M. 6, 279; 9, 293;
for which: bracchia caelo,
id. ib. 2, 580;
9, 210: ad legatos atque exercitum supplices manus tendunt,
Caes. B. C. 2, 12; so,
manus ad aliquem,
id. B. G. 2, 13:
ad sidera palmas,
Verg. A. 1, 93:
super aequora palmas,
Ov. M. 8, 849:
ad aliquem orantia bracchia,
id. P. 2, 9, 65:
manus supplices dis immortalibus,
Cic. Font. 17, 48; cf.:
vobis supplex manus tendit patria communis,
id. Cat. 4, 9, 18; so,
manus alicui,
Caes. B. G. 7, 48; Ov. M. 3, 723; id. H. 10, 146:
manus supinas,
Liv. 3, 50, 5:
manus ripae ulterioris amore,
Verg. A. 6, 314; cf.
also: Graecia tendit dexteram Italiae,
stretches forth, reaches, Cic. Phil. 10, 4, 9; id. Prov. Cons. 4, 9:
(conjux) parvum patri tendebat Iulum,
reaches out, Verg. A. 2, 674:
tu munera supplex Tende, petens pacem,
id. G. 4, 535:
quo tendant ferrum,
aim, direct, id. A. 5, 489:
qua nunc se ponti plaga caerula tendit,
stretches itself out, extends, Lucr. 5, 481. —
2.
In partic.:
nervum tendere, in mal. part.,
Auct. Priap. 70; cf. Mart. 11, 60, 3.—Hence, tentus, a lecherous man, Mart. 11, 73, 3; Auct. Priap. 20; 27; 34 al.; and tenta, ōrum, n., = membrum virile, Cat. 80, 6.—
B.
Trop.: insidiae tenduntur alicui, are spread out, laid (qs. like nets), Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 46:
insidias alicui,
Sall. C. 27, 2; Suet. Caes. 35:
omnes insidias animis,
Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 47:
animum vigilem,
to strain, exert, Stat. Achill. 1, 543: longo tendit praecordia voto, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Ol. 66; cf.:
sunt quibus in Satirā videor nimis acer et ultra Legem tendere opus,
i. e. to heighten, aggravate, Hor. S. 2, 1, 2:
aestivam sermone benigno noctem,
to protract, extend, id. Ep. 1, 5, 11:
(lunam) Tanto posse minus cum Signis tendere cursum,
to direct, Lucr. 5, 631:
cursum ex acie in Capitolia,
Sil. 9, 216:
cursum ad agmina suorum,
id. 10, 73:
iter ad naves,
Verg. A. 1, 656:
iter pennis,
id. ib. 6, 240:
ad dominum iter,
Ov. M. 2, 547:
cursum unde et quo,
Liv. 23, 34, 5:
iter in Hispaniam, Auct. B. Afr. 95: cunctis civibus lucem ingenii et consilii sui porrigens atque tendens,
tendering, offering, Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 184.—
II.
Neutr.
A.
To direct one ' s self or one ' s course; to aim, strive, go, travel, march, tend, bend one ' s course in any direction (class.).
1.
Lit.:
dubito an Venusiam tendam,
Cic. Att. 16, 5, 3:
Beneventum,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 71:
cursuque amens ad limina tendit,
Verg. A. 2, 321:
ad castra,
Liv. 9, 37:
in castra,
id. 10, 36:
ad aedes,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 89:
ad domum Bruti et Cassii,
Suet. Caes. 85:
ad portus,
Ov. M. 15, 690:
Ciconum ad oras,
id. ib. 10, 3:
ad metam,
id. ib. 15, 453; cf.:
cum alter ad alterum tenderemus,
Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 9:
unde venis? et Quo tendis?
Hor. S. 1, 9, 63; id. Ep. 1, 15, 11; id. C. 3, 3, 70:
quo tendere pergunt,
Verg. A. 6, 198; Nep. Milt. 1, 6:
tendimus huc (sc. in Orcum) omnes,
Ov. M. 10, 34 et saep. —
b.
Of things concrete or abstract, to go, proceed, extend, stretch, etc.:
in quem locum quaeque (imago) tendat,
Lucr. 4, 179:
levibus in sublime tendentibus,
Plin. 2, 5, 4, § 11:
sursum tendit palmes,
Col. 5, 6, 28:
simulacra viis derectis omnia tendunt,
Lucr. 4, 609.— Poet., with acc. of direction:
tunc aethera tendit,
Luc. 7, 477:
dextera (via), quae Ditis magni sub moenia tendit,
Verg. A. 6, 541:
gula tendit ad stomachum, is ad ventrem,
reaches, extends, Plin. 11, 37, 66, § 176:
Taurus mons ad occasum tendens,
id. 5, 27, 27, § 97; so id. 5, 5, 5, § 35; 16, 30, 53, § 122; cf.:
Portae Caspiae, quae per Iberiam in Sarmatas tendunt,
id. 6, 13, 15, § 40:
seu mollis quā tendit Ionia,
Prop. 1, 6, 31.—
2.
Trop.
a.
In gen., to aim, strive, be directed or inclined, to tend in any direction:
ad reliqua alacri tendebamus animo,
Cic. Div. 2, 2, 4; cf.:
ad altiora et non concessa tendere,
Liv. 4, 13, 4:
ad majora,
Quint. 2, 4, 20; 12, 2, 27:
ad eloquium,
Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17:
ad suum,
Liv. 4, 9, 5; cf.:
ad Carthaginienses,
id. 24, 5, 8:
cum alii alio tenderent,
id. 24, 28, 1:
in diversum sententiae tendebant,
id. 36, 10, 7: tenes, quorsum haec tendant, quae loquor, tend, look, = spectent, Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 81; Hor. S. 2, 7, 21. —
(β).
To exert one ' s self, to strive, endeavor (mostly poet.); with inf.:
(Laocoon) manibus tendit divellere nodos,
Verg. A. 2, 220:
pasta (nitedula) rursus Ire foras pleno tendebat corpore frustra,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 31: captae [p. 1853] civitati leges imponere, Liv. 6, 38, 7; 24, 35; 10, 1:
quod efficere tendimus,
Quint. 9, 1, 21:
fratresque tendentes opaco Pelion imposuisse Olympo,
Hor. C. 3, 4, 51:
tendit disertus haberi,
id. Ep. 1, 19, 16:
aqua tendit rumpere plumbum,
id. ib. 1, 10, 20; Pers. 5, 139; Juv. 10, 154. — Absol.:
miles tendere, inde ad jurgium,
insists, persists, Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 12. —
b.
In partic., to exert one ' s self in opposition, to strive, try, endeavor, contend (class. but not freq. till the Aug. per.):
nec nos obniti contra nec tendere tantum Sufficimus,
Verg. A. 5, 21; cf.: nec mora nec requies;
vasto certamine tendunt,
id. ib. 12, 553:
Petreius ubi videt Catilinam contra ac ratus erat magnā vi tendere,
Sall. C. 60, 5; cf.:
summā vi,
Liv. 32, 32, 7 Drak.:
adversus, etc.,
id. 34, 34, 1:
contra,
id. 35, 51, 6:
ultra,
id. 24, 31, 4:
acrius,
Tac. A. 2, 74; cf.:
acrius contra, ut, etc.,
Liv. 3, 15, 2; so with ut, id. 4, 7, 8; with ne, id. 4, 8, 6:
quid tendit? cum efficere non possit, ut, etc.,
what does he strive for? to what do his efforts tend? Cic. Fin. 2, 5, 16; cf.:
nihil illi tendere contra,
Verg. A. 9, 377. —
B.
For tentoria tendere, to set up tents, to be under tents, be encamped, to encamp:
qui sub vallo tenderent mercatores,
Caes. B. G. 6, 37; cf.:
omnibus extra vallum jussis tendere, Frontin. Strat. 4, 1, 18: vallo tendetis in illo,
Luc. 7, 328:
hic Dolopum manus, hic saevus tendebat Achilles,
Verg. A. 2, 29:
legio latis tendebat in arvis,
id. ib. 8, 605:
isdem castris,
Liv. 44, 13, 12; 27, 46; 44, 5; Suet. Galb. 12; 19; cf.:
isdem hibernis tendentes,
Tac. H. 1, 55:
Lugduni tendentes,
id. ib. 1, 59:
cum multitudo laxius tenderet,
Curt. 3, 8, 18; 5, 7, 6; 7, 2, 37:
tendere in campis,
id. 10, 7, 20. — Hence, tensus, a, um, P. a., stretched out, drawn tight, strained, tense (rare):
rectissima linea tensa,
Quint. 3, 6, 83:
collum,
id. 11, 3, 82; cf.:
remissis magis quam tensis (digitis),
id. 11, 3, 99:
vox tensior (opp. remissior),
id. 11, 3, 42:
lacerti,
Luc. 7, 469:
rudentes,
id. 2, 683:
frons,
Lucr. 6, 1195:
tormento citharāque tensior,
Auct. Priap. 6 and 70.— Sup. and adv. do not occur.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tendo
117 tenno

tendo ( tenno), tĕtendi, tentum and tensum, 3, v. a. and n. [root ten-, tan, v. teneo; cf. Gr. teinô].
I.
Act., to stretch, stretch out, distend, extend, etc. (class.; cf.: extendo, explico).
A.
Lit.
1.
In gen.:
suntne igitur insidiae, tendere plagas?
Cic. Off. 3, 17, 68:
plagam, Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. nequitum, p. 162 Müll.: quia non rete accipitri tennitur,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 16 sq.; cf.:
retia (alicui),
Prop. 2, 32 (3, 30), 20; Hor. Epod. 2, 33; Ov. M. 4, 513; 7, 701; 8, 331 al.:
casses alicui,
Tib. 1, 6, 5:
intumescit collum, nervi tenduntur,
Col. 6, 14, 4:
chordam,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 55:
arcum,
to bend, Verg. A. 7, 164; Hor. C. 2, 10, 20; Ov. M. 2, 604; 5, 55; 5, 63; Stat. S. 3, 1, 51.—Hence, poet. transf.:
sagittas Arcu,
to shoot, hurl, Hor. C. 1, 29, 9; cf.:
spicula cornu,
Verg. A. 9, 606:
pariterque oculos telumque,
id. ib. 5, 508:
barbiton,
to tune, Hor. C. 1, 1, 34; cf.:
tympana tenta tonant palmis,
Lucr. 2, 618:
validā lora manu,
Ov. Am. 3, 2, 72:
vela (Noti),
to swell, Verg. A. 3, 268:
praecipiti carbasa tenta Noto,
Ov. H. 10, 30:
praetorium,
to stretch out, pitch, Caes. B. C. 3, 82: pelles in ordine tentae, Lucil. ap. Non. 181, 30:
conopia,
Prop. 3, 11 (4, 10), 45: grabatos restibus, Lucil. ap. Non. 181, 29:
cubilia,
Hor. Epod. 12, 12: manus ad caeli caerula templa, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 51 Vahl.); so, manus ad caelum, Caes. B. C. 2, 5; Verg. A. 3, 176:
bracchia ad caelum,
Ov. M. 6, 279; 9, 293;
for which: bracchia caelo,
id. ib. 2, 580;
9, 210: ad legatos atque exercitum supplices manus tendunt,
Caes. B. C. 2, 12; so,
manus ad aliquem,
id. B. G. 2, 13:
ad sidera palmas,
Verg. A. 1, 93:
super aequora palmas,
Ov. M. 8, 849:
ad aliquem orantia bracchia,
id. P. 2, 9, 65:
manus supplices dis immortalibus,
Cic. Font. 17, 48; cf.:
vobis supplex manus tendit patria communis,
id. Cat. 4, 9, 18; so,
manus alicui,
Caes. B. G. 7, 48; Ov. M. 3, 723; id. H. 10, 146:
manus supinas,
Liv. 3, 50, 5:
manus ripae ulterioris amore,
Verg. A. 6, 314; cf.
also: Graecia tendit dexteram Italiae,
stretches forth, reaches, Cic. Phil. 10, 4, 9; id. Prov. Cons. 4, 9:
(conjux) parvum patri tendebat Iulum,
reaches out, Verg. A. 2, 674:
tu munera supplex Tende, petens pacem,
id. G. 4, 535:
quo tendant ferrum,
aim, direct, id. A. 5, 489:
qua nunc se ponti plaga caerula tendit,
stretches itself out, extends, Lucr. 5, 481. —
2.
In partic.:
nervum tendere, in mal. part.,
Auct. Priap. 70; cf. Mart. 11, 60, 3.—Hence, tentus, a lecherous man, Mart. 11, 73, 3; Auct. Priap. 20; 27; 34 al.; and tenta, ōrum, n., = membrum virile, Cat. 80, 6.—
B.
Trop.: insidiae tenduntur alicui, are spread out, laid (qs. like nets), Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 46:
insidias alicui,
Sall. C. 27, 2; Suet. Caes. 35:
omnes insidias animis,
Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 47:
animum vigilem,
to strain, exert, Stat. Achill. 1, 543: longo tendit praecordia voto, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Ol. 66; cf.:
sunt quibus in Satirā videor nimis acer et ultra Legem tendere opus,
i. e. to heighten, aggravate, Hor. S. 2, 1, 2:
aestivam sermone benigno noctem,
to protract, extend, id. Ep. 1, 5, 11:
(lunam) Tanto posse minus cum Signis tendere cursum,
to direct, Lucr. 5, 631:
cursum ex acie in Capitolia,
Sil. 9, 216:
cursum ad agmina suorum,
id. 10, 73:
iter ad naves,
Verg. A. 1, 656:
iter pennis,
id. ib. 6, 240:
ad dominum iter,
Ov. M. 2, 547:
cursum unde et quo,
Liv. 23, 34, 5:
iter in Hispaniam, Auct. B. Afr. 95: cunctis civibus lucem ingenii et consilii sui porrigens atque tendens,
tendering, offering, Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 184.—
II.
Neutr.
A.
To direct one ' s self or one ' s course; to aim, strive, go, travel, march, tend, bend one ' s course in any direction (class.).
1.
Lit.:
dubito an Venusiam tendam,
Cic. Att. 16, 5, 3:
Beneventum,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 71:
cursuque amens ad limina tendit,
Verg. A. 2, 321:
ad castra,
Liv. 9, 37:
in castra,
id. 10, 36:
ad aedes,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 89:
ad domum Bruti et Cassii,
Suet. Caes. 85:
ad portus,
Ov. M. 15, 690:
Ciconum ad oras,
id. ib. 10, 3:
ad metam,
id. ib. 15, 453; cf.:
cum alter ad alterum tenderemus,
Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 9:
unde venis? et Quo tendis?
Hor. S. 1, 9, 63; id. Ep. 1, 15, 11; id. C. 3, 3, 70:
quo tendere pergunt,
Verg. A. 6, 198; Nep. Milt. 1, 6:
tendimus huc (sc. in Orcum) omnes,
Ov. M. 10, 34 et saep. —
b.
Of things concrete or abstract, to go, proceed, extend, stretch, etc.:
in quem locum quaeque (imago) tendat,
Lucr. 4, 179:
levibus in sublime tendentibus,
Plin. 2, 5, 4, § 11:
sursum tendit palmes,
Col. 5, 6, 28:
simulacra viis derectis omnia tendunt,
Lucr. 4, 609.— Poet., with acc. of direction:
tunc aethera tendit,
Luc. 7, 477:
dextera (via), quae Ditis magni sub moenia tendit,
Verg. A. 6, 541:
gula tendit ad stomachum, is ad ventrem,
reaches, extends, Plin. 11, 37, 66, § 176:
Taurus mons ad occasum tendens,
id. 5, 27, 27, § 97; so id. 5, 5, 5, § 35; 16, 30, 53, § 122; cf.:
Portae Caspiae, quae per Iberiam in Sarmatas tendunt,
id. 6, 13, 15, § 40:
seu mollis quā tendit Ionia,
Prop. 1, 6, 31.—
2.
Trop.
a.
In gen., to aim, strive, be directed or inclined, to tend in any direction:
ad reliqua alacri tendebamus animo,
Cic. Div. 2, 2, 4; cf.:
ad altiora et non concessa tendere,
Liv. 4, 13, 4:
ad majora,
Quint. 2, 4, 20; 12, 2, 27:
ad eloquium,
Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17:
ad suum,
Liv. 4, 9, 5; cf.:
ad Carthaginienses,
id. 24, 5, 8:
cum alii alio tenderent,
id. 24, 28, 1:
in diversum sententiae tendebant,
id. 36, 10, 7: tenes, quorsum haec tendant, quae loquor, tend, look, = spectent, Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 81; Hor. S. 2, 7, 21. —
(β).
To exert one ' s self, to strive, endeavor (mostly poet.); with inf.:
(Laocoon) manibus tendit divellere nodos,
Verg. A. 2, 220:
pasta (nitedula) rursus Ire foras pleno tendebat corpore frustra,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 31: captae [p. 1853] civitati leges imponere, Liv. 6, 38, 7; 24, 35; 10, 1:
quod efficere tendimus,
Quint. 9, 1, 21:
fratresque tendentes opaco Pelion imposuisse Olympo,
Hor. C. 3, 4, 51:
tendit disertus haberi,
id. Ep. 1, 19, 16:
aqua tendit rumpere plumbum,
id. ib. 1, 10, 20; Pers. 5, 139; Juv. 10, 154. — Absol.:
miles tendere, inde ad jurgium,
insists, persists, Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 12. —
b.
In partic., to exert one ' s self in opposition, to strive, try, endeavor, contend (class. but not freq. till the Aug. per.):
nec nos obniti contra nec tendere tantum Sufficimus,
Verg. A. 5, 21; cf.: nec mora nec requies;
vasto certamine tendunt,
id. ib. 12, 553:
Petreius ubi videt Catilinam contra ac ratus erat magnā vi tendere,
Sall. C. 60, 5; cf.:
summā vi,
Liv. 32, 32, 7 Drak.:
adversus, etc.,
id. 34, 34, 1:
contra,
id. 35, 51, 6:
ultra,
id. 24, 31, 4:
acrius,
Tac. A. 2, 74; cf.:
acrius contra, ut, etc.,
Liv. 3, 15, 2; so with ut, id. 4, 7, 8; with ne, id. 4, 8, 6:
quid tendit? cum efficere non possit, ut, etc.,
what does he strive for? to what do his efforts tend? Cic. Fin. 2, 5, 16; cf.:
nihil illi tendere contra,
Verg. A. 9, 377. —
B.
For tentoria tendere, to set up tents, to be under tents, be encamped, to encamp:
qui sub vallo tenderent mercatores,
Caes. B. G. 6, 37; cf.:
omnibus extra vallum jussis tendere, Frontin. Strat. 4, 1, 18: vallo tendetis in illo,
Luc. 7, 328:
hic Dolopum manus, hic saevus tendebat Achilles,
Verg. A. 2, 29:
legio latis tendebat in arvis,
id. ib. 8, 605:
isdem castris,
Liv. 44, 13, 12; 27, 46; 44, 5; Suet. Galb. 12; 19; cf.:
isdem hibernis tendentes,
Tac. H. 1, 55:
Lugduni tendentes,
id. ib. 1, 59:
cum multitudo laxius tenderet,
Curt. 3, 8, 18; 5, 7, 6; 7, 2, 37:
tendere in campis,
id. 10, 7, 20. — Hence, tensus, a, um, P. a., stretched out, drawn tight, strained, tense (rare):
rectissima linea tensa,
Quint. 3, 6, 83:
collum,
id. 11, 3, 82; cf.:
remissis magis quam tensis (digitis),
id. 11, 3, 99:
vox tensior (opp. remissior),
id. 11, 3, 42:
lacerti,
Luc. 7, 469:
rudentes,
id. 2, 683:
frons,
Lucr. 6, 1195:
tormento citharāque tensior,
Auct. Priap. 6 and 70.— Sup. and adv. do not occur.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tenno
118 tenta

tendo ( tenno), tĕtendi, tentum and tensum, 3, v. a. and n. [root ten-, tan, v. teneo; cf. Gr. teinô].
I.
Act., to stretch, stretch out, distend, extend, etc. (class.; cf.: extendo, explico).
A.
Lit.
1.
In gen.:
suntne igitur insidiae, tendere plagas?
Cic. Off. 3, 17, 68:
plagam, Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. nequitum, p. 162 Müll.: quia non rete accipitri tennitur,
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 16 sq.; cf.:
retia (alicui),
Prop. 2, 32 (3, 30), 20; Hor. Epod. 2, 33; Ov. M. 4, 513; 7, 701; 8, 331 al.:
casses alicui,
Tib. 1, 6, 5:
intumescit collum, nervi tenduntur,
Col. 6, 14, 4:
chordam,
Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 55:
arcum,
to bend, Verg. A. 7, 164; Hor. C. 2, 10, 20; Ov. M. 2, 604; 5, 55; 5, 63; Stat. S. 3, 1, 51.—Hence, poet. transf.:
sagittas Arcu,
to shoot, hurl, Hor. C. 1, 29, 9; cf.:
spicula cornu,
Verg. A. 9, 606:
pariterque oculos telumque,
id. ib. 5, 508:
barbiton,
to tune, Hor. C. 1, 1, 34; cf.:
tympana tenta tonant palmis,
Lucr. 2, 618:
validā lora manu,
Ov. Am. 3, 2, 72:
vela (Noti),
to swell, Verg. A. 3, 268:
praecipiti carbasa tenta Noto,
Ov. H. 10, 30:
praetorium,
to stretch out, pitch, Caes. B. C. 3, 82: pelles in ordine tentae, Lucil. ap. Non. 181, 30:
conopia,
Prop. 3, 11 (4, 10), 45: grabatos restibus, Lucil. ap. Non. 181, 29:
cubilia,
Hor. Epod. 12, 12: manus ad caeli caerula templa, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 51 Vahl.); so, manus ad caelum, Caes. B. C. 2, 5; Verg. A. 3, 176:
bracchia ad caelum,
Ov. M. 6, 279; 9, 293;
for which: bracchia caelo,
id. ib. 2, 580;
9, 210: ad legatos atque exercitum supplices manus tendunt,
Caes. B. C. 2, 12; so,
manus ad aliquem,
id. B. G. 2, 13:
ad sidera palmas,
Verg. A. 1, 93:
super aequora palmas,
Ov. M. 8, 849:
ad aliquem orantia bracchia,
id. P. 2, 9, 65:
manus supplices dis immortalibus,
Cic. Font. 17, 48; cf.:
vobis supplex manus tendit patria communis,
id. Cat. 4, 9, 18; so,
manus alicui,
Caes. B. G. 7, 48; Ov. M. 3, 723; id. H. 10, 146:
manus supinas,
Liv. 3, 50, 5:
manus ripae ulterioris amore,
Verg. A. 6, 314; cf.
also: Graecia tendit dexteram Italiae,
stretches forth, reaches, Cic. Phil. 10, 4, 9; id. Prov. Cons. 4, 9:
(conjux) parvum patri tendebat Iulum,
reaches out, Verg. A. 2, 674:
tu munera supplex Tende, petens pacem,
id. G. 4, 535:
quo tendant ferrum,
aim, direct, id. A. 5, 489:
qua nunc se ponti plaga caerula tendit,
stretches itself out, extends, Lucr. 5, 481. —
2.
In partic.:
nervum tendere, in mal. part.,
Auct. Priap. 70; cf. Mart. 11, 60, 3.—Hence, tentus, a lecherous man, Mart. 11, 73, 3; Auct. Priap. 20; 27; 34 al.; and tenta, ōrum, n., = membrum virile, Cat. 80, 6.—
B.
Trop.: insidiae tenduntur alicui, are spread out, laid (qs. like nets), Cic. Rosc. Com. 16, 46:
insidias alicui,
Sall. C. 27, 2; Suet. Caes. 35:
omnes insidias animis,
Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 47:
animum vigilem,
to strain, exert, Stat. Achill. 1, 543: longo tendit praecordia voto, Claud. Cons. Prob. et Ol. 66; cf.:
sunt quibus in Satirā videor nimis acer et ultra Legem tendere opus,
i. e. to heighten, aggravate, Hor. S. 2, 1, 2:
aestivam sermone benigno noctem,
to protract, extend, id. Ep. 1, 5, 11:
(lunam) Tanto posse minus cum Signis tendere cursum,
to direct, Lucr. 5, 631:
cursum ex acie in Capitolia,
Sil. 9, 216:
cursum ad agmina suorum,
id. 10, 73:
iter ad naves,
Verg. A. 1, 656:
iter pennis,
id. ib. 6, 240:
ad dominum iter,
Ov. M. 2, 547:
cursum unde et quo,
Liv. 23, 34, 5:
iter in Hispaniam, Auct. B. Afr. 95: cunctis civibus lucem ingenii et consilii sui porrigens atque tendens,
tendering, offering, Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 184.—
II.
Neutr.
A.
To direct one ' s self or one ' s course; to aim, strive, go, travel, march, tend, bend one ' s course in any direction (class.).
1.
Lit.:
dubito an Venusiam tendam,
Cic. Att. 16, 5, 3:
Beneventum,
Hor. S. 1, 5, 71:
cursuque amens ad limina tendit,
Verg. A. 2, 321:
ad castra,
Liv. 9, 37:
in castra,
id. 10, 36:
ad aedes,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 89:
ad domum Bruti et Cassii,
Suet. Caes. 85:
ad portus,
Ov. M. 15, 690:
Ciconum ad oras,
id. ib. 10, 3:
ad metam,
id. ib. 15, 453; cf.:
cum alter ad alterum tenderemus,
Plin. Ep. 1, 5, 9:
unde venis? et Quo tendis?
Hor. S. 1, 9, 63; id. Ep. 1, 15, 11; id. C. 3, 3, 70:
quo tendere pergunt,
Verg. A. 6, 198; Nep. Milt. 1, 6:
tendimus huc (sc. in Orcum) omnes,
Ov. M. 10, 34 et saep. —
b.
Of things concrete or abstract, to go, proceed, extend, stretch, etc.:
in quem locum quaeque (imago) tendat,
Lucr. 4, 179:
levibus in sublime tendentibus,
Plin. 2, 5, 4, § 11:
sursum tendit palmes,
Col. 5, 6, 28:
simulacra viis derectis omnia tendunt,
Lucr. 4, 609.— Poet., with acc. of direction:
tunc aethera tendit,
Luc. 7, 477:
dextera (via), quae Ditis magni sub moenia tendit,
Verg. A. 6, 541:
gula tendit ad stomachum, is ad ventrem,
reaches, extends, Plin. 11, 37, 66, § 176:
Taurus mons ad occasum tendens,
id. 5, 27, 27, § 97; so id. 5, 5, 5, § 35; 16, 30, 53, § 122; cf.:
Portae Caspiae, quae per Iberiam in Sarmatas tendunt,
id. 6, 13, 15, § 40:
seu mollis quā tendit Ionia,
Prop. 1, 6, 31.—
2.
Trop.
a.
In gen., to aim, strive, be directed or inclined, to tend in any direction:
ad reliqua alacri tendebamus animo,
Cic. Div. 2, 2, 4; cf.:
ad altiora et non concessa tendere,
Liv. 4, 13, 4:
ad majora,
Quint. 2, 4, 20; 12, 2, 27:
ad eloquium,
Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17:
ad suum,
Liv. 4, 9, 5; cf.:
ad Carthaginienses,
id. 24, 5, 8:
cum alii alio tenderent,
id. 24, 28, 1:
in diversum sententiae tendebant,
id. 36, 10, 7: tenes, quorsum haec tendant, quae loquor, tend, look, = spectent, Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 81; Hor. S. 2, 7, 21. —
(β).
To exert one ' s self, to strive, endeavor (mostly poet.); with inf.:
(Laocoon) manibus tendit divellere nodos,
Verg. A. 2, 220:
pasta (nitedula) rursus Ire foras pleno tendebat corpore frustra,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 31: captae [p. 1853] civitati leges imponere, Liv. 6, 38, 7; 24, 35; 10, 1:
quod efficere tendimus,
Quint. 9, 1, 21:
fratresque tendentes opaco Pelion imposuisse Olympo,
Hor. C. 3, 4, 51:
tendit disertus haberi,
id. Ep. 1, 19, 16:
aqua tendit rumpere plumbum,
id. ib. 1, 10, 20; Pers. 5, 139; Juv. 10, 154. — Absol.:
miles tendere, inde ad jurgium,
insists, persists, Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 12. —
b.
In partic., to exert one ' s self in opposition, to strive, try, endeavor, contend (class. but not freq. till the Aug. per.):
nec nos obniti contra nec tendere tantum Sufficimus,
Verg. A. 5, 21; cf.: nec mora nec requies;
vasto certamine tendunt,
id. ib. 12, 553:
Petreius ubi videt Catilinam contra ac ratus erat magnā vi tendere,
Sall. C. 60, 5; cf.:
summā vi,
Liv. 32, 32, 7 Drak.:
adversus, etc.,
id. 34, 34, 1:
contra,
id. 35, 51, 6:
ultra,
id. 24, 31, 4:
acrius,
Tac. A. 2, 74; cf.:
acrius contra, ut, etc.,
Liv. 3, 15, 2; so with ut, id. 4, 7, 8; with ne, id. 4, 8, 6:
quid tendit? cum efficere non possit, ut, etc.,
what does he strive for? to what do his efforts tend? Cic. Fin. 2, 5, 16; cf.:
nihil illi tendere contra,
Verg. A. 9, 377. —
B.
For tentoria tendere, to set up tents, to be under tents, be encamped, to encamp:
qui sub vallo tenderent mercatores,
Caes. B. G. 6, 37; cf.:
omnibus extra vallum jussis tendere, Frontin. Strat. 4, 1, 18: vallo tendetis in illo,
Luc. 7, 328:
hic Dolopum manus, hic saevus tendebat Achilles,
Verg. A. 2, 29:
legio latis tendebat in arvis,
id. ib. 8, 605:
isdem castris,
Liv. 44, 13, 12; 27, 46; 44, 5; Suet. Galb. 12; 19; cf.:
isdem hibernis tendentes,
Tac. H. 1, 55:
Lugduni tendentes,
id. ib. 1, 59:
cum multitudo laxius tenderet,
Curt. 3, 8, 18; 5, 7, 6; 7, 2, 37:
tendere in campis,
id. 10, 7, 20. — Hence, tensus, a, um, P. a., stretched out, drawn tight, strained, tense (rare):
rectissima linea tensa,
Quint. 3, 6, 83:
collum,
id. 11, 3, 82; cf.:
remissis magis quam tensis (digitis),
id. 11, 3, 99:
vox tensior (opp. remissior),
id. 11, 3, 42:
lacerti,
Luc. 7, 469:
rudentes,
id. 2, 683:
frons,
Lucr. 6, 1195:
tormento citharāque tensior,
Auct. Priap. 6 and 70.— Sup. and adv. do not occur.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tenta
119 tueor

tŭĕor, tuĭtus, 2 ( perf. only post-Aug., Quint. 5, 13, 35; Plin. Ep. 6, 29, 10; collat. form tūtus, in the part., rare, Sall. J. 74, 3; Front. Strat. 2, 12, 13; but constantly in the P. a.; inf. parag. tuerier, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 35; collat. form acc. to the 3d conj. tŭor, Cat. 20, 5; Stat. Th. 3, 151:
tuĕris,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 82:
tuimur,
Lucr. 1, 300; 4, 224; 4, 449;
6, 934: tuamur,
id. 4, 361:
tuantur,
id. 4, 1004; imper. tuĕre, id. 5, 318), v. dep. a. [etym. dub.], orig., to see, to look or gaze upon, to watch, view; hence, pregn., to see or look to, to defend, protect, etc.: tueri duo significat; unum ab aspectu, unde est Ennii illud: tueor te senex? pro Juppiter! (Trag. v. 225 Vahl.);
alterum a curando ac tutela, ut cum dicimus bellum tueor et tueri villam,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Müll. sq.—Accordingly,
I.
To look at, gaze at, behold, watch, view, regard, consider, examine, etc. (only poet.; syn.: specto, adspicio, intueor): quam te post multis tueor tempestatibus, Pac. ap. Non. 407, 32; 414, 3:
e tenebris, quae sunt in luce, tuemur,
Lucr. 4, 312:
ubi nil aliud nisi aquam caelumque tuentur,
id. 4, 434:
caeli templa,
id. 6, 1228 al.:
tuendo Terribiles oculos, vultum, etc.,
Verg. A. 8, 265; cf. id. ib. 1, 713:
talia dicentem jam dudum aversa tuetur,
id. ib. 4, 362:
transversa tuentibus hircis,
id. E. 3, 8:
acerba tuens,
looking fiercely, Lucr. 5, 33; cf. Verg. A. 9, 794:
torva,
id. ib. 6, 467.—
(β).
With object-clause:
quod multa in terris fieri caeloque tuentur (homines), etc.,
Lucr. 1, 152; 6, 50; 6, 1163.—
II.
Pregn., to look to, care for, keep up, uphold, maintain, support, guard, preserve, defend, protect, etc. (the predom. class. signif. of the word; cf.:
curo, conservo, tutor, protego, defendo): videte, ne... vobis turpissimum sit, id, quod accepistis, tueri et conservare non posse,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12:
ut quisque eis rebus tuendis conservandisque praefuerat,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, 140:
omnia,
id. N. D. 2, 23, 60:
mores et instituta vitae resque domesticas ac familiares,
id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:
societatem conjunctionis humanae munifice et aeque,
id. Fin. 5, 23, 65:
concordiam,
id. Att. 1, 17, 10: rem et gratiam et auctoritatem suam, id. Fam. 13, 49, 1:
dignitatem,
id. Tusc. 2, 21, 48:
L. Paulus personam principis civis facile dicendo tuebatur,
id. Brut. 20, 80:
personam in re publicā,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 29; cf.: tuum munus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 11, 1:
tueri et sustinere simulacrum pristinae dignitatis,
Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 41:
aedem Castoris P. Junius habuit tuendam,
to keep in good order, id. Verr. 2, 1, 50, § 130; cf. Plin. Pan. 51, 1:
Bassum ut incustoditum nimis et incautum,
id. Ep. 6, 29, 10:
libertatem,
Tac. A. 3, 27; 14, 60:
se, vitam corpusque tueri,
to keep, preserve, Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:
antea majores copias alere poterat, nunc exiguas vix tueri potest,
id. Deiot. 8, 22:
se ac suos tueri,
Liv. 5, 4, 5:
sex legiones (re suā),
Cic. Par. 6, 1, 45:
armentum paleis,
Col. 6, 3, 3:
se ceteris armis prudentiae tueri atque defendere,
to guard, protect, Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 172; cf.:
tuemini castra et defendite diligenter,
Caes. B. C. 3, 94:
suos fines,
id. B. G. 4, 8:
portus,
id. ib. 5, 8:
oppidum unius legionis praesidio,
id. B. C. 2, 23:
oram maritimam,
id. ib. 3, 34:
impedimenta,
to cover, protect, Hirt. B. G. 8, 2.—With ab and abl.:
fines suos ab excursionibus et latrociniis,
Cic. Deiot. 8, 22:
domum a furibus,
Phaedr. 3, 7, 10: mare ab hostibus, Auct. B. Afr. 8, 2.—With contra:
quos non parsimoniā tueri potuit contra illius audaciam,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 5, 11:
liberūm nostrorum pueritiam contra inprobitatem magistratuum,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 153; Quint. 5, 13, 35; Plin. 20, 14, 54, § 152; Tac. A. 6, 47 (41).—With adversus:
tueri se adversus Romanos,
Liv. 25, 11, 7:
nostra adversus vim atque injuriam,
id. 7, 31, 3:
adversus Philippum tueri Athenas,
id. 31, 9, 3; 42, 46, 9; 42, 23, 6:
arcem adversus tres cohortes tueri,
Tac. H. 3, 78; Just. 17, 3, 22; 43, 3, 4.—In part. perf.:
Verres fortiter et industrie tuitus contra piratas Siciliam dicitur,
Quint. 5, 13, 35 (al. tutatus):
Numidas in omnibus proeliis magis pedes quam arma tuta sunt,
Sall. J. 74, 3.
► 1.
Act. form tŭĕo, ēre:
censores vectigalia tuento,
Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7:
ROGO PER SVPEROS, QVI ESTIS, OSSA MEA TVEATIS,
Inscr. Orell. 4788.—
2.
tŭĕor, ēri, in pass. signif.:
majores nostri in pace a rusticis Romanis alebantur et in bello ab his tuebantur,
Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 4; Lucr. 4, 361:
consilio et operā curatoris tueri debet non solum patrimonium, sed et corpus et salus furiosi,
Dig. 27, 10, 7:
voluntas testatoris ex bono et aequo tuebitur,
ib. 28, 3, 17.—Hence, tūtus, a, um, P. a. (prop. well seen to or guarded; hence), safe, secure, out of danger (cf. securus, free from fear).
A.
Lit.
(α).
Absol.:
nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta... contra tuam cupiditatem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39:
cum victis nihil tutum arbitrarentur,
Caes. B. G. 2, 28:
nec se satis tutum fore arbitratur,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 27; cf.:
me biremis praesidio scaphae Tutum per Aegaeos tumultus Aura feret,
Hor. C. 3, 29, 63; Ov. M. 8, 368:
tutus bos rura perambulat,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 17:
quis locus tam firmum habuit praesidium, ut tutus esset?
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11, 31:
mare tutum praestare,
id. Fl. 13, 31:
sic existimabat tutissimam fore Galliam,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 54:
nemus,
Hor. C. 1, 17, 5:
via fugae,
Cic. Caecin. 15, 44; cf.:
commodior ac tutior receptus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 46:
perfugium,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 8:
tutum iter et patens,
Hor. C. 3, 16, 7:
tutissima custodia,
Liv. 31, 23, 9:
praesidio nostro pasci genus esseque tutum,
Lucr. 5, 874:
vitam consistere tutam,
id. 6, 11:
tutiorem et opulentiorem vitam hominum reddere,
Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3: est et fideli tuta silentio Merces, secure, sure (diff. from certa, definite, certain), Hor. C. 3, 2, 25:
tutior at quanto merx est in classe secundā!
id. S. 1, 2, 47:
non est tua tuta voluntas,
not without danger, Ov. M. 2, 53:
in audaces non est audacia tuta,
id. ib. 10, 544:
externā vi non tutus modo rex, sed invictus,
Curt. 6, 7, 1:
vel tutioris audentiae est,
Quint. 12, prooem. §
4: cogitatio tutior,
id. 10, 7, 19:
fuit brevitas illa tutissima,
id. 10, 1, 39:
regnum et diadema tutum Deferens uni,
i. e. that cannot be taken away, Hor. C. 2, 2, 21: male tutae mentis Orestes, i. e. unsound, = male sanae, id. S. 2, 3, 137: quicquid habes, age, Depone tutis auribus, qs. carefully guarded, i. e. safe, faithful, id. C. 1, 27, 18 (cf. the opp.: auris rimosa, id. S. 2, 6, 46).— Poet., with gen.:
(pars ratium) tuta fugae,
Luc. 9, 346.—
(β).
With ab and abl.: tutus ab insidiis inimici, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 2:
ab insidiis,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 117:
a periculo,
Caes. B. G. 7, 14:
ab hoste,
Ov. H. 11, 44:
ab hospite,
id. M. 1, 144:
a conjuge,
id. ib. 8, 316:
a ferro,
id. ib. 13, 498:
a bello, id. H. (15) 16, 344: ab omni injuriā,
Phaedr. 1, 31, 9.—
(γ).
With ad and acc.:
turrim tuendam ad omnis repentinos casus tradidit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 39:
ad id, quod ne timeatur fortuna facit, minime tuti sunt homines,
Liv. 25, 38, 14:
testudinem tutam ad omnes ictus video esse,
id. 36, 32, 6.—
(δ).
With adversus:
adversus venenorum pericula tutum corpus suum reddere,
Cels. 5, 23, 3:
quo tutiores essent adversus ictus sagittarum,
Curt. 7, 9, 2:
loci beneficio adversus intemperiem anni tutus est,
Sen. Ira, 2, 12, 1:
per quem tutior adversus casus steti,
Val. Max. 4, 7, ext. 2:
quorum praesidio tutus adversus hostes esse debuerat,
Just. 10, 1, 7.—
(ε).
With abl.: incendio fere tuta est Alexandria, Auct. B. Alex. 1, 3.—
b.
Tutum est, with a subj. -clause, it is prudent or safe, it is the part of a prudent man:
si dicere palam parum tutum est,
Quint. 9, 2, 66; 8, 3, 47; 10, 3, 33:
o nullis tutum credere blanditiis,
Prop. 1, 15, 42:
tutius esse arbitrabantur, obsessis viis, commeatu intercluso sine ullo vulnere victoriā potiri,
Caes. B. G. 3, 24; Quint. 7, 1, 36; 11, 2, 48:
nobis tutissimum est, auctores plurimos sequi,
id. 3, 4, 11; 3, 6, 63.—
2.
As subst.: tūtum, i, n., a place of safety, a shelter, safety, security: Tr. Circumspice dum, numquis est, Sermonem nostrum qui aucupet. Th. Tutum probe est, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 42:
tuta et parvula laudo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 42:
trepidum et tuta petentem Trux aper insequitur,
Ov. M. 10, 714:
in tuto ut collocetur,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 11:
esse in tuto,
id. ib. 4, 3, 30:
ut sitis in tuto,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3:
in tutum eduxi manipulares meos,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 7:
in tutum receptus est,
Liv. 2, 19, 6.—
B.
Transf., watchful, careful, cautious, prudent (rare and not ante-Aug.;
syn.: cautus, prudens): serpit humi tutus nimium timidusque procellae,
Hor. A. P. 28:
tutus et intra Spem veniae cautus,
id. ib. 266:
non nisi vicinas tutus ararit aquas,
Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 36:
id suā sponte, apparebat, tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum,
Liv. 22, 38, 13:
celeriora quam tutiora consilia magis placuere ducibus,
id. 9, 32, 3.—Hence, adv. in two forms, tūtē and tūtō, safely, securely, in safety, without danger.
a.
Posit.
(α).
Form tute (very rare):
crede huic tute,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 102:
eum tute vivere, qui honeste vivat,
Auct. Her. 3, 5, 9:
tute cauteque agere,
id. ib. 3, 7, 13.—
(β).
Form tuto (class. in prose and poetry):
pervenire,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 70; Lucr. 1, 179:
dimicare,
Caes. B. G. 3, 24:
tuto et libere decernere,
id. B. C. 1, 2:
ut tuto sim,
in security, Cic. Fam. 14, 3, 3:
ut tuto ab repentino hostium incursu etiam singuli commeare possent,
Caes. B. G. 7, 36. —
b.
Comp.:
ut in vadis consisterent tutius,
Caes. B. G. 3, 13:
tutius et facilius receptus daretur,
id. B. C. 2, 30:
tutius ac facilius id tractatur,
Quint. 5, 5, 1:
usitatis tutius utimur,
id. 1, 5, 71:
ut ubivis tutius quam in meo regno essem,
Sall. J. 14, 11.—
c.
Sup.
(α).
Form tutissime: nam te hic tutissime puto fore, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 11, A.—
(β).
Form tutissimo:
quaerere, ubi tutissimo essem,
Cic. Att. 8, 1, 2; cf. Charis. p. 173 P.:
tutissimo infunduntur oboli quattuor,
Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 14.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tueor
120 tutum

tŭĕor, tuĭtus, 2 ( perf. only post-Aug., Quint. 5, 13, 35; Plin. Ep. 6, 29, 10; collat. form tūtus, in the part., rare, Sall. J. 74, 3; Front. Strat. 2, 12, 13; but constantly in the P. a.; inf. parag. tuerier, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 35; collat. form acc. to the 3d conj. tŭor, Cat. 20, 5; Stat. Th. 3, 151:
tuĕris,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 82:
tuimur,
Lucr. 1, 300; 4, 224; 4, 449;
6, 934: tuamur,
id. 4, 361:
tuantur,
id. 4, 1004; imper. tuĕre, id. 5, 318), v. dep. a. [etym. dub.], orig., to see, to look or gaze upon, to watch, view; hence, pregn., to see or look to, to defend, protect, etc.: tueri duo significat; unum ab aspectu, unde est Ennii illud: tueor te senex? pro Juppiter! (Trag. v. 225 Vahl.);
alterum a curando ac tutela, ut cum dicimus bellum tueor et tueri villam,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Müll. sq.—Accordingly,
I.
To look at, gaze at, behold, watch, view, regard, consider, examine, etc. (only poet.; syn.: specto, adspicio, intueor): quam te post multis tueor tempestatibus, Pac. ap. Non. 407, 32; 414, 3:
e tenebris, quae sunt in luce, tuemur,
Lucr. 4, 312:
ubi nil aliud nisi aquam caelumque tuentur,
id. 4, 434:
caeli templa,
id. 6, 1228 al.:
tuendo Terribiles oculos, vultum, etc.,
Verg. A. 8, 265; cf. id. ib. 1, 713:
talia dicentem jam dudum aversa tuetur,
id. ib. 4, 362:
transversa tuentibus hircis,
id. E. 3, 8:
acerba tuens,
looking fiercely, Lucr. 5, 33; cf. Verg. A. 9, 794:
torva,
id. ib. 6, 467.—
(β).
With object-clause:
quod multa in terris fieri caeloque tuentur (homines), etc.,
Lucr. 1, 152; 6, 50; 6, 1163.—
II.
Pregn., to look to, care for, keep up, uphold, maintain, support, guard, preserve, defend, protect, etc. (the predom. class. signif. of the word; cf.:
curo, conservo, tutor, protego, defendo): videte, ne... vobis turpissimum sit, id, quod accepistis, tueri et conservare non posse,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 5, 12:
ut quisque eis rebus tuendis conservandisque praefuerat,
id. Verr. 2, 4, 63, 140:
omnia,
id. N. D. 2, 23, 60:
mores et instituta vitae resque domesticas ac familiares,
id. Tusc. 1, 1, 2:
societatem conjunctionis humanae munifice et aeque,
id. Fin. 5, 23, 65:
concordiam,
id. Att. 1, 17, 10: rem et gratiam et auctoritatem suam, id. Fam. 13, 49, 1:
dignitatem,
id. Tusc. 2, 21, 48:
L. Paulus personam principis civis facile dicendo tuebatur,
id. Brut. 20, 80:
personam in re publicā,
id. Phil. 8, 10, 29; cf.: tuum munus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 11, 1:
tueri et sustinere simulacrum pristinae dignitatis,
Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 41:
aedem Castoris P. Junius habuit tuendam,
to keep in good order, id. Verr. 2, 1, 50, § 130; cf. Plin. Pan. 51, 1:
Bassum ut incustoditum nimis et incautum,
id. Ep. 6, 29, 10:
libertatem,
Tac. A. 3, 27; 14, 60:
se, vitam corpusque tueri,
to keep, preserve, Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:
antea majores copias alere poterat, nunc exiguas vix tueri potest,
id. Deiot. 8, 22:
se ac suos tueri,
Liv. 5, 4, 5:
sex legiones (re suā),
Cic. Par. 6, 1, 45:
armentum paleis,
Col. 6, 3, 3:
se ceteris armis prudentiae tueri atque defendere,
to guard, protect, Cic. de Or. 1, 38, 172; cf.:
tuemini castra et defendite diligenter,
Caes. B. C. 3, 94:
suos fines,
id. B. G. 4, 8:
portus,
id. ib. 5, 8:
oppidum unius legionis praesidio,
id. B. C. 2, 23:
oram maritimam,
id. ib. 3, 34:
impedimenta,
to cover, protect, Hirt. B. G. 8, 2.—With ab and abl.:
fines suos ab excursionibus et latrociniis,
Cic. Deiot. 8, 22:
domum a furibus,
Phaedr. 3, 7, 10: mare ab hostibus, Auct. B. Afr. 8, 2.—With contra:
quos non parsimoniā tueri potuit contra illius audaciam,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 5, 11:
liberūm nostrorum pueritiam contra inprobitatem magistratuum,
id. Verr. 2, 1, 58, § 153; Quint. 5, 13, 35; Plin. 20, 14, 54, § 152; Tac. A. 6, 47 (41).—With adversus:
tueri se adversus Romanos,
Liv. 25, 11, 7:
nostra adversus vim atque injuriam,
id. 7, 31, 3:
adversus Philippum tueri Athenas,
id. 31, 9, 3; 42, 46, 9; 42, 23, 6:
arcem adversus tres cohortes tueri,
Tac. H. 3, 78; Just. 17, 3, 22; 43, 3, 4.—In part. perf.:
Verres fortiter et industrie tuitus contra piratas Siciliam dicitur,
Quint. 5, 13, 35 (al. tutatus):
Numidas in omnibus proeliis magis pedes quam arma tuta sunt,
Sall. J. 74, 3.
► 1.
Act. form tŭĕo, ēre:
censores vectigalia tuento,
Cic. Leg. 3, 3, 7:
ROGO PER SVPEROS, QVI ESTIS, OSSA MEA TVEATIS,
Inscr. Orell. 4788.—
2.
tŭĕor, ēri, in pass. signif.:
majores nostri in pace a rusticis Romanis alebantur et in bello ab his tuebantur,
Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 4; Lucr. 4, 361:
consilio et operā curatoris tueri debet non solum patrimonium, sed et corpus et salus furiosi,
Dig. 27, 10, 7:
voluntas testatoris ex bono et aequo tuebitur,
ib. 28, 3, 17.—Hence, tūtus, a, um, P. a. (prop. well seen to or guarded; hence), safe, secure, out of danger (cf. securus, free from fear).
A.
Lit.
(α).
Absol.:
nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta... contra tuam cupiditatem,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39:
cum victis nihil tutum arbitrarentur,
Caes. B. G. 2, 28:
nec se satis tutum fore arbitratur,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 27; cf.:
me biremis praesidio scaphae Tutum per Aegaeos tumultus Aura feret,
Hor. C. 3, 29, 63; Ov. M. 8, 368:
tutus bos rura perambulat,
Hor. C. 4, 5, 17:
quis locus tam firmum habuit praesidium, ut tutus esset?
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11, 31:
mare tutum praestare,
id. Fl. 13, 31:
sic existimabat tutissimam fore Galliam,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 54:
nemus,
Hor. C. 1, 17, 5:
via fugae,
Cic. Caecin. 15, 44; cf.:
commodior ac tutior receptus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 46:
perfugium,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 8:
tutum iter et patens,
Hor. C. 3, 16, 7:
tutissima custodia,
Liv. 31, 23, 9:
praesidio nostro pasci genus esseque tutum,
Lucr. 5, 874:
vitam consistere tutam,
id. 6, 11:
tutiorem et opulentiorem vitam hominum reddere,
Cic. Rep. 1, 2, 3: est et fideli tuta silentio Merces, secure, sure (diff. from certa, definite, certain), Hor. C. 3, 2, 25:
tutior at quanto merx est in classe secundā!
id. S. 1, 2, 47:
non est tua tuta voluntas,
not without danger, Ov. M. 2, 53:
in audaces non est audacia tuta,
id. ib. 10, 544:
externā vi non tutus modo rex, sed invictus,
Curt. 6, 7, 1:
vel tutioris audentiae est,
Quint. 12, prooem. §
4: cogitatio tutior,
id. 10, 7, 19:
fuit brevitas illa tutissima,
id. 10, 1, 39:
regnum et diadema tutum Deferens uni,
i. e. that cannot be taken away, Hor. C. 2, 2, 21: male tutae mentis Orestes, i. e. unsound, = male sanae, id. S. 2, 3, 137: quicquid habes, age, Depone tutis auribus, qs. carefully guarded, i. e. safe, faithful, id. C. 1, 27, 18 (cf. the opp.: auris rimosa, id. S. 2, 6, 46).— Poet., with gen.:
(pars ratium) tuta fugae,
Luc. 9, 346.—
(β).
With ab and abl.: tutus ab insidiis inimici, Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 31, 2:
ab insidiis,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 117:
a periculo,
Caes. B. G. 7, 14:
ab hoste,
Ov. H. 11, 44:
ab hospite,
id. M. 1, 144:
a conjuge,
id. ib. 8, 316:
a ferro,
id. ib. 13, 498:
a bello, id. H. (15) 16, 344: ab omni injuriā,
Phaedr. 1, 31, 9.—
(γ).
With ad and acc.:
turrim tuendam ad omnis repentinos casus tradidit,
Caes. B. C. 3, 39:
ad id, quod ne timeatur fortuna facit, minime tuti sunt homines,
Liv. 25, 38, 14:
testudinem tutam ad omnes ictus video esse,
id. 36, 32, 6.—
(δ).
With adversus:
adversus venenorum pericula tutum corpus suum reddere,
Cels. 5, 23, 3:
quo tutiores essent adversus ictus sagittarum,
Curt. 7, 9, 2:
loci beneficio adversus intemperiem anni tutus est,
Sen. Ira, 2, 12, 1:
per quem tutior adversus casus steti,
Val. Max. 4, 7, ext. 2:
quorum praesidio tutus adversus hostes esse debuerat,
Just. 10, 1, 7.—
(ε).
With abl.: incendio fere tuta est Alexandria, Auct. B. Alex. 1, 3.—
b.
Tutum est, with a subj. -clause, it is prudent or safe, it is the part of a prudent man:
si dicere palam parum tutum est,
Quint. 9, 2, 66; 8, 3, 47; 10, 3, 33:
o nullis tutum credere blanditiis,
Prop. 1, 15, 42:
tutius esse arbitrabantur, obsessis viis, commeatu intercluso sine ullo vulnere victoriā potiri,
Caes. B. G. 3, 24; Quint. 7, 1, 36; 11, 2, 48:
nobis tutissimum est, auctores plurimos sequi,
id. 3, 4, 11; 3, 6, 63.—
2.
As subst.: tūtum, i, n., a place of safety, a shelter, safety, security: Tr. Circumspice dum, numquis est, Sermonem nostrum qui aucupet. Th. Tutum probe est, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 42:
tuta et parvula laudo,
Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 42:
trepidum et tuta petentem Trux aper insequitur,
Ov. M. 10, 714:
in tuto ut collocetur,
Ter. Heaut. 4, 3, 11:
esse in tuto,
id. ib. 4, 3, 30:
ut sitis in tuto,
Cic. Fam. 12, 2, 3:
in tutum eduxi manipulares meos,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 7:
in tutum receptus est,
Liv. 2, 19, 6.—
B.
Transf., watchful, careful, cautious, prudent (rare and not ante-Aug.;
syn.: cautus, prudens): serpit humi tutus nimium timidusque procellae,
Hor. A. P. 28:
tutus et intra Spem veniae cautus,
id. ib. 266:
non nisi vicinas tutus ararit aquas,
Ov. Tr. 3, 12, 36:
id suā sponte, apparebat, tuta celeribus consiliis praepositurum,
Liv. 22, 38, 13:
celeriora quam tutiora consilia magis placuere ducibus,
id. 9, 32, 3.—Hence, adv. in two forms, tūtē and tūtō, safely, securely, in safety, without danger.
a.
Posit.
(α).
Form tute (very rare):
crede huic tute,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 102:
eum tute vivere, qui honeste vivat,
Auct. Her. 3, 5, 9:
tute cauteque agere,
id. ib. 3, 7, 13.—
(β).
Form tuto (class. in prose and poetry):
pervenire,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 70; Lucr. 1, 179:
dimicare,
Caes. B. G. 3, 24:
tuto et libere decernere,
id. B. C. 1, 2:
ut tuto sim,
in security, Cic. Fam. 14, 3, 3:
ut tuto ab repentino hostium incursu etiam singuli commeare possent,
Caes. B. G. 7, 36. —
b.
Comp.:
ut in vadis consisterent tutius,
Caes. B. G. 3, 13:
tutius et facilius receptus daretur,
id. B. C. 2, 30:
tutius ac facilius id tractatur,
Quint. 5, 5, 1:
usitatis tutius utimur,
id. 1, 5, 71:
ut ubivis tutius quam in meo regno essem,
Sall. J. 14, 11.—
c.
Sup.
(α).
Form tutissime: nam te hic tutissime puto fore, Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 11, A.—
(β).
Form tutissimo:
quaerere, ubi tutissimo essem,
Cic. Att. 8, 1, 2; cf. Charis. p. 173 P.:
tutissimo infunduntur oboli quattuor,
Plin. 20, 3, 8, § 14.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tutum

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