contāminō

* * *

to pollute, infect.

con-tāmĭno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [from stem tag, tango].

Orig., to bring into contact, touch.

In gen. (very rare):

manus quibus contaminatur,

Tert. Apol. 17; cf.: contaminare, contingere, Gloss. ap. Mai, Auct. Class. VI. p. 518 a.—

To bring into union, to mingle, blend together, unite. So twice in Ter. of the blending of parts of different comedies into one whole:

multas Graecas fabulas,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 17; id. And. prol. 16; cf. upon this Grauert, Analekten. p. 116 sq.—

To deteriorate by mingling, corrupt, contaminate, defile, stain, pollute (something by something; very freq., esp. in the trop. signif., and in Cic.; not in Quint.).

Lit.:

deam Syriam urinā,

Suet. Ner. 56:

lacus (connected with spurcare aquas),

Dig. 47, 11, 1:

spiritum,

Cic. Pis. 9, 20.—Of unnatural vice:

ingenuos,

Petr. 108, 3.—

Trop.:

gaudium aegritudine aliquā,

to mar, efface, Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 4:

se humanis vitiis (joined with se inquinare domesticis vitiis atque flagitiis),

Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 72:

sanguinem suum lege (Canuleia),

Liv. 4, 1, 2:

gentes, i. e. by adoption into a plebeian family,

Cic. Dom. 13, 35:

ordines neglegentiā,

Suet. Vesp. 9:

veritatem aliquo mendacio,

Cic. Sull. 16, 45:

mentem omni scelere,

Liv. 40, 13, 4; cf.:

aliquem scelere,

Tac. A. 1, 35; and:

se sanguine,

Cic. Cat. 1, 12, 29:

sese maleficio,

id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116:

se ipsos ac domos suas nefanda praeda,

Liv. 29, 18, 8 al. —In part. perf.:

contaminati facinore,

Caes. B. G. 7, 43; so,

tot parricidiis,

Cic. Phil. 12, 7, 15:

multis flagitiis,

id. Clu. 35, 97:

omnibus probris,

Suet. Aug. 65; id. Vit. 4:

judicia vitio paucorum (joined with corrupta),

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 21, 70:

verbum assiduo usu,

Gell. 2, 6, 25.—Hence, contāmĭnā-tus, a, um, P. a., stained with guilt, polluted, contaminated, impure, vile, defiled:

se ut consceleratos contaminatosque ab ludis abactos esse,

Liv. 2, 37, 9; cf.:

pars civitatis, velut contaminata,

id. 4, 4, 6:

superstitio,

Cic. Clu. 68, 194 al. —So several times of incontinence, * Hor. C. 1, 37, 9:

flos aetatis,

Suet. Caes. 49:

paene omnibus membris,

id. Ner. 29.— Sup.: homo sceleribus [p. 445] flagitiisque contaminatissimus, Cic. Prov. Cons. 6, 14; id. Dom. 9, 23.—Subst.

contāmĭnāti, ōrum, m., abandoned youths, Tac. A. 15, 37.—

contāmĭ-nāta, ōrum, n., adulterated things:

ut anteponantur... integra contaminatis,

Cic. Top. 18, 69.— Comp. and adv. not in use.

1 to contaminate.

La fábrica contamina el aire The factory contaminates the air.

El viejo contaminó a la muchacha The old man contaminated the girl.

2 to corrupt.

* * *

► verbo transitivo

1 to contaminate (agua, aire) to pollute

2 figurado to contaminate, corrupt

► verbo pronominal contaminarse

1 to become contaminated (agua, aire) to become polluted

2 figurado to be infected, be corrupted

* * *

* * *

1. VT

1) [+ aire, mar] to pollute; [+ alimentos, agua potable] to contaminate; [+ ropa] to soil

2) [+ texto] to corrupt; (Literat) to influence, affect

3) (Rel) to profane

contaminarse

* * *

verbo transitivo

a) <mar/atmósfera> to pollute; <agua potable/comida> to contaminate; ( por radiactividad) to contaminate

b) <lengua/cultura> to corrupt

* * *

= contaminate, corrupt, pollute, foul, taint, defile.

Ex. The cellulose fibres used in the manufacture of paper for books readily become contaminated with radioactive materials through their ecological cycle.

Ex. Libraries which have public access computers should take precautions to prevent their systems being corrupted.

Ex. Bugeja investigates the impact and motives of media ecosystems that have polluted the Internet and other digital devices with marketing ploys.

Ex. For the past five years, large quantities of decaying algae have been fouling Lake Michigan shoreline.

Ex. This article shows how the dowdy and boring image of the stereotypical librarian as presented in fiction, taints the portrayal of all who work in libraries.

Ex. No person shall throw any waste, building debris or vehicle scrap into the public domain or defile the public domain.

----

* sin contaminar = untainted, uncontaminated.

* * *

verbo transitivo

a) <mar/atmósfera> to pollute; <agua potable/comida> to contaminate; ( por radiactividad) to contaminate

b) <lengua/cultura> to corrupt

* * *

* * *

contaminar [A1 ]

1 ‹mar/atmósfera› to pollute; ‹agua potable/comida› to contaminate; (por radiactividad) to contaminate

2 ‹lengua/cultura› to corrupt

* * *

* * *

♦ vt

1. [alimento] to contaminate

2. [medio ambiente] to pollute

3. [pervertir] to corrupt

4. [texto] to corrupt

♦ vi

to pollute;

el que contamine que pague the polluter pays

♦ See also the pronominal verb contaminarse

* * *

v/t agua etc contaminate; río, medio ambiente pollute; fig

corrupt

* * *

contaminar vt

: to contaminate, to pollute

* * *

contaminar vb (agua, aire) to pollute

► verbo pronominal

1 to become contaminated (agua, aire) to become polluted

2 figurado to be infected, be corrupted

* * *

VPR [alimentos, agua potable] to be contaminated, become contaminated ( con with) (de by)

* * *

vpr

el río se contaminó con los residuos tóxicos de la fábrica the river was polluted by toxic waste from the factory

* * *

v/r become contaminated

* * *

contāmĭnātĭo, ōnis, f. [contamino] (post-class.).

A polluting, contamination, defilement:

mulieris,

Dig. 48, 5, 2:

expositionis,

Arn. 5, 168.—

Corruption, disease: ventris, Jul. Obseq. Prodig. 89.

con-tingo, tĭgi, tactum, 3, v. a. and n. [tango], to touch on all sides. to touch, take hold of, seize (very freq. in all periods and species of composition).

Lit.

In gen.:

facile cibum terrestrem rostris,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 122:

funem manu,

Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. M. 2, 151:

munera Cerealia dextrā,

id. ib. 11, 122:

undas pede,

id. ib. 2, 457:

focos ore tremente,

id. Tr. 1, 3, 44:

terram osculo,

Liv. 1, 56, 12:

ora nati sacro medicamine,

Ov. M. 2, 123; cf. id. ib. 14, 607:

montes suo igni (sol),

Lucr. 4, 407; cf. Cat. 64, 408, and Suet. Ner. 6:

cibos sale modico,

to sprinkle, Cels. 2, 24: sidera comā ( poet. designation for a very great height), Ov. F. 3, 34; cf.:

nubes aërio vertice (Taurus),

Tib. 1, 7, 15: summa sidera plantis, to reach the stars (a poet. designation of great prosperity), Prop. 1, 8, 43:

mitem taurum,

Ov. M. 2, 860; cf. id. ib. 8, 423:

glebam,

id. ib. 11, 111:

paene terram (luna),

Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91:

caules (vitis),

id. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

dextras consulum (as a friendly greeting or congratulation),

Liv. 28, 9, 6; so,

manum,

Vell. 2, 104, 5; 2, 107, 4.—

With partic. access. ideas.

To eat, partake of, taste ( poet.):

neque illinc Audeat esuriens dominus contingere granum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 113:

cibos ore,

Ov. M. 5, 531:

aquas,

id. ib. 15, 281:

fontem,

id. ib. 3, 409.—

To touch impurely (very rare):

corpus corpore,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 204.—

To touch, i. e. to be near, neighboring, or contiguous, to border upon, to reach, extend to; with acc., dat., or inter se; with acc.:

Helvi, qui fines Arvernorum contingunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 7 fin.:

turri adactā et contingente vallum,

id. ib. 5, 43; cf.:

in saltu Vescino Falernum contingente agrum,

Liv. 10, 21, 8:

praesidium coloniarum Illyricum contingentium,

Suet. Aug. 25. —With dat.:

ut radices montis ex utrāque parte ripae fluminis contingant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 38.—With inter se:

ut (milites) contingant inter se atque omnem munitionem expleant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 21; cf. id. B. G. 7, 23.—

With the idea of motion, to reach something by moving, to attain to, reach, come to, arrive at, meet with, etc. (mostly poet.); with acc.:

optatam metam cursu,

Hor. A. P. 412:

Ephyren pennis,

Ov. M. 7, 392:

Italiam,

Verg. A. 5, 18:

fines Illyricos,

Ov. M. 4, 568:

Creten,

id. ib. 8, 100:

Cadmeïda arcem,

id. ib. 6, 217:

rapidas Phasidos undas,

id. ib. 7, 6:

auras,

to come into the air, id. ib. 15, 416 al.:

avem ferro,

to hit, Verg. A. 5, 509; cf. Ov M. 8, 351: ullum mortalem (vox mea), id. id. 2, 578; cf.

thus aures,

id. ib. 1, 211; and aures fando, with the acc. and inf., id. ib. 15, 497: aevi florem, to come to or reach the flower of age, Lucr. 1, 565.—

Trop.

In gen., to touch, to seize upon, affect (rare). multitudo agrestium, quos in aliquā suā fortunā publica quoque contingebat cura, Liv. 22, 10, 8:

contactus nullis ante cupidinibus,

Prop. 1, 1, 2:

quam me manifesta libido contigit!

Ov. M. 9, 484: animum curā. Val. Fl. 7, 173; cf.:

aliquem (curā), contacti simili sorte,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 78. —Far more freq.,

In partic.

(Acc. to I. B. 2.) To touch with pollution, to pollute, stain, defile, etc.; so generally in part. perf. (as a verb. finit. the kindr. contamino was in use):

(Gallos) contactos eo scelere velut injectā rabie ad arma ituros,

Liv. 21, 48, 3; so,

contacta civitas rabie duorum juvenum,

id. 4, 9, 10:

omnes eā violatione templi,

id. 29, 8, 11 (for which id. 29, 18, 8:

nefandà praedā se ipsos ac domos contaminare suas): plebs regiā praedā,

id. 2, 5, 2; cf. id. 4, 15, 8:

equi candidi et nullo mortali opere contacti,

Tac. G. 10: dies (sc. Alliensis) religione, [p. 450] Liv. 6, 28, 6:

pectora vitiis,

Tac. Or. 12.—Once absol.:

contactus ensis,

Sen. Hippol. 714.—

(Acc. to I. B. 3.) With aliquem aliquā re or only aliquem, to be connected with or related to, to concern:

ut quisque tam foede interemptos aut propinquitate aut amicitiā contingebat,

Liv. 25, 8, 2:

aliquem sanguine ac genere,

id. 45, 7, 3; 24, 22, 14:

aliquem artissimo gradu,

Suet. Aug. 4:

domum Caesarum nullo gradu,

id. Galb. 2; cf. absol.:

deos (i. e. Maecenatem et Augustum) quoniam propius contingis,

have more ready access to the great, Hor. S. 2, 6, 52:

Sabinum modico usu,

to have little intercourse with, Tac. A. 4, 68:

multis in Italiā contactis gentibus Punici belli societate,

Liv. 31, 8, 11; cf.:

si crĭmine contingantur,

have part in, Dig. 11, 4, 1:

haec consultatio Romanos nihil contingit,

concerns not, Liv. 34, 22, 12; cf.:

quae (causa) nihil eo facto contingitur,

id. 40, 14, 9.—

(Acc. to I. B. 4.) To attain to, reach, arrive at something, to come to (very rare):

quam regionem cum superavit animus naturamque sui similem contigit et agnovit,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43.—

With and without dat. of person; of occurrences, to happen to one, to befall, fall to one's lot, to succeed in, obtain a thing; and absol., to happen, fall to, turn out, come to pass (so most freq. in all perr. and species of composition; in gen., of favorable, but sometimes of indifferent, or even adverse occurrences).

With dat.:

cui tam subito tot contigerint commoda,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 3:

haec tot propter me gaudia illi contigisse laetor,

id. Hec. 5, 3, 35:

quod isti (Crasso) contigit uni,

Cic. de Or. 2, 56, 228; 1, 35, 164; id. Off. 1, 43, 153; id. Fam. 5, 21, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 1; Caes. B. G. 1, 43; Quint. 10, 1, 115; 12, 11, 29; Suet. Caes. 35; id. Calig. 3, 10 et saep.; Ov. M. 3, 321; 11, 268; 15, 443; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 46; 1, 4, 10; 1, 17, 9 et saep.:

cum tanto plura bene dicendi exempla supersint quam illis contigerunt,

Quint. 10, 2, 28: quam mihi maxime hic hodie contigerit malum, Enn. ap. Non. p. 268, 12:

quod (sc. servitus) potentibus populis saepe contigit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15; id. Cat. 1, 7, 16:

cum miseri animi essent, quod plerisque contingeret,

id. N. D. 1, 11, 27; id. Phil. 14, 8, 24; id. Fam. 5, 16, 5; id. Sen. 19, 71; id. Off. 2, 14, 50; 2, 19, 65; id. Fam. 11, 16, 2 al.: quoties ipsi testatori aliquid contingit, a misfortune befalls, etc., Dig. 28, 3, 6:

si quid ei humanitus contigerit,

ib. 34, 4, 30 fin. (cf. ib. § 2: sive in viā aliquid mihi humanitus acciderit, and v. 2. accido, II. B.).— Impers. with inf.:

non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 36:

mihi Romae nutriri atque doceri,

id. ib. 2, 2, 41:

mihi recusare principatum,

Vell. 2, 124, 2:

mihi cognoscere (eos),

Quint. 12, 11, 3; 1, 1, 11; 5, 7, 25; 6, 1, 4 al.—And, at the same time, a dat. of the predicate (post-class. and rare):

quo tempore mihi fratrique meo destinari praetoribus contigit,

Vell. 2, 124, 4:

maximo tibi et civi et duci evadere contigit,

Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 2 (in Ov. M. 11, 220, the better read. is nepotem); cf. Haase in Reisig. Lect. p. 794 sq.—With ut:

volo hoc oratori contingat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 84, 290; id. Off. 1, 1, 3; id. Phil. 5, 18, 49; Quint. 11, 2, 51 al. —

With acc. (very rare):

sors Tyrrhenum contigit,

fell upon Tyrrhenus, Vell. 1, 1 fin.:

Italiam palma frugum,

Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 109.—

Absol. (very freq.):

hanc mi expetivi, contigit,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 13:

magis adeo id facilitate quam aliā ullā culpā meā contigit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:

quod si nulla contingit excusatio,

Quint. 11, 1, 81:

ubi quid melius contingit et unctius,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 44 et saep.—With abl.:

quia memoria atque actio naturā non arte contingant,

Quint. 3, 3, 4; so id. 1, 1, 33; 2, 2, 11 al.—With ex:

gratia, quae continget ex sermone puro atque dilucido,

Quint. 11, 1, 53; so id. 8, 3, 70:

ex eādem brassicā contingunt aestivi autumnalesque cauliculi,

arise, spring, Plin. 19, 8, 41, § 138 al.:

nihil horum nisi in complexu loquendi serieque contingit,

Quint. 1, 5, 3.—With inf.:

fingere cinctutis non exaudita Cethegis Continget,

Hor. A. P. 51; Quint. 1, 1, 11; 5, 7, 25:

concitare invidiam, etc.... liberius in peroratione contingit,

id. 6, 1, 14.—With ut:

quod nunquam opinatus fui... id contigit, ut salvi poteremur domi,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 32; so Quint. 4, 1, 7; 9, 3, 72; 11, 2, 39.

con-tingo ( - tinguo), ĕre, v. a., to wet, moisten (perh. only in Lucr. and Verg.).

Lit.:

oras, pocula circum mellis liquore,

Lucr. 1, 938:

semina rerum colore,

id. 2, 755:

lac parco sale,

to sprinkle, Verg. G. 3, 403:

tonsum corpus amurcā,

id. ib. 3, 448. —

Trop.:

musaeo contingens cuncta lepore,

Lucr. 1, 934 and 947; 4, 9 and 22.

con-tingo, tĭgi, tactum, 3, v. a. and n. [tango], to touch on all sides. to touch, take hold of, seize (very freq. in all periods and species of composition).

Lit.

In gen.:

facile cibum terrestrem rostris,

Cic. N. D. 2, 47, 122:

funem manu,

Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. M. 2, 151:

munera Cerealia dextrā,

id. ib. 11, 122:

undas pede,

id. ib. 2, 457:

focos ore tremente,

id. Tr. 1, 3, 44:

terram osculo,

Liv. 1, 56, 12:

ora nati sacro medicamine,

Ov. M. 2, 123; cf. id. ib. 14, 607:

montes suo igni (sol),

Lucr. 4, 407; cf. Cat. 64, 408, and Suet. Ner. 6:

cibos sale modico,

to sprinkle, Cels. 2, 24: sidera comā ( poet. designation for a very great height), Ov. F. 3, 34; cf.:

nubes aërio vertice (Taurus),

Tib. 1, 7, 15: summa sidera plantis, to reach the stars (a poet. designation of great prosperity), Prop. 1, 8, 43:

mitem taurum,

Ov. M. 2, 860; cf. id. ib. 8, 423:

glebam,

id. ib. 11, 111:

paene terram (luna),

Cic. Div. 2, 43, 91:

caules (vitis),

id. N. D. 2, 47, 120:

dextras consulum (as a friendly greeting or congratulation),

Liv. 28, 9, 6; so,

manum,

Vell. 2, 104, 5; 2, 107, 4.—

With partic. access. ideas.

To eat, partake of, taste ( poet.):

neque illinc Audeat esuriens dominus contingere granum,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 113:

cibos ore,

Ov. M. 5, 531:

aquas,

id. ib. 15, 281:

fontem,

id. ib. 3, 409.—

To touch impurely (very rare):

corpus corpore,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 204.—

To touch, i. e. to be near, neighboring, or contiguous, to border upon, to reach, extend to; with acc., dat., or inter se; with acc.:

Helvi, qui fines Arvernorum contingunt,

Caes. B. G. 7, 7 fin.:

turri adactā et contingente vallum,

id. ib. 5, 43; cf.:

in saltu Vescino Falernum contingente agrum,

Liv. 10, 21, 8:

praesidium coloniarum Illyricum contingentium,

Suet. Aug. 25. —With dat.:

ut radices montis ex utrāque parte ripae fluminis contingant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 38.—With inter se:

ut (milites) contingant inter se atque omnem munitionem expleant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 21; cf. id. B. G. 7, 23.—

With the idea of motion, to reach something by moving, to attain to, reach, come to, arrive at, meet with, etc. (mostly poet.); with acc.:

optatam metam cursu,

Hor. A. P. 412:

Ephyren pennis,

Ov. M. 7, 392:

Italiam,

Verg. A. 5, 18:

fines Illyricos,

Ov. M. 4, 568:

Creten,

id. ib. 8, 100:

Cadmeïda arcem,

id. ib. 6, 217:

rapidas Phasidos undas,

id. ib. 7, 6:

auras,

to come into the air, id. ib. 15, 416 al.:

avem ferro,

to hit, Verg. A. 5, 509; cf. Ov M. 8, 351: ullum mortalem (vox mea), id. id. 2, 578; cf.

thus aures,

id. ib. 1, 211; and aures fando, with the acc. and inf., id. ib. 15, 497: aevi florem, to come to or reach the flower of age, Lucr. 1, 565.—

Trop.

In gen., to touch, to seize upon, affect (rare). multitudo agrestium, quos in aliquā suā fortunā publica quoque contingebat cura, Liv. 22, 10, 8:

contactus nullis ante cupidinibus,

Prop. 1, 1, 2:

quam me manifesta libido contigit!

Ov. M. 9, 484: animum curā. Val. Fl. 7, 173; cf.:

aliquem (curā), contacti simili sorte,

Ov. Tr. 3, 4, 78. —Far more freq.,

In partic.

(Acc. to I. B. 2.) To touch with pollution, to pollute, stain, defile, etc.; so generally in part. perf. (as a verb. finit. the kindr. contamino was in use):

(Gallos) contactos eo scelere velut injectā rabie ad arma ituros,

Liv. 21, 48, 3; so,

contacta civitas rabie duorum juvenum,

id. 4, 9, 10:

omnes eā violatione templi,

id. 29, 8, 11 (for which id. 29, 18, 8:

nefandà praedā se ipsos ac domos contaminare suas): plebs regiā praedā,

id. 2, 5, 2; cf. id. 4, 15, 8:

equi candidi et nullo mortali opere contacti,

Tac. G. 10: dies (sc. Alliensis) religione, [p. 450] Liv. 6, 28, 6:

pectora vitiis,

Tac. Or. 12.—Once absol.:

contactus ensis,

Sen. Hippol. 714.—

(Acc. to I. B. 3.) With aliquem aliquā re or only aliquem, to be connected with or related to, to concern:

ut quisque tam foede interemptos aut propinquitate aut amicitiā contingebat,

Liv. 25, 8, 2:

aliquem sanguine ac genere,

id. 45, 7, 3; 24, 22, 14:

aliquem artissimo gradu,

Suet. Aug. 4:

domum Caesarum nullo gradu,

id. Galb. 2; cf. absol.:

deos (i. e. Maecenatem et Augustum) quoniam propius contingis,

have more ready access to the great, Hor. S. 2, 6, 52:

Sabinum modico usu,

to have little intercourse with, Tac. A. 4, 68:

multis in Italiā contactis gentibus Punici belli societate,

Liv. 31, 8, 11; cf.:

si crĭmine contingantur,

have part in, Dig. 11, 4, 1:

haec consultatio Romanos nihil contingit,

concerns not, Liv. 34, 22, 12; cf.:

quae (causa) nihil eo facto contingitur,

id. 40, 14, 9.—

(Acc. to I. B. 4.) To attain to, reach, arrive at something, to come to (very rare):

quam regionem cum superavit animus naturamque sui similem contigit et agnovit,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19, 43.—

With and without dat. of person; of occurrences, to happen to one, to befall, fall to one's lot, to succeed in, obtain a thing; and absol., to happen, fall to, turn out, come to pass (so most freq. in all perr. and species of composition; in gen., of favorable, but sometimes of indifferent, or even adverse occurrences).

With dat.:

cui tam subito tot contigerint commoda,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 3:

haec tot propter me gaudia illi contigisse laetor,

id. Hec. 5, 3, 35:

quod isti (Crasso) contigit uni,

Cic. de Or. 2, 56, 228; 1, 35, 164; id. Off. 1, 43, 153; id. Fam. 5, 21, 1; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24, 1; Caes. B. G. 1, 43; Quint. 10, 1, 115; 12, 11, 29; Suet. Caes. 35; id. Calig. 3, 10 et saep.; Ov. M. 3, 321; 11, 268; 15, 443; Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 46; 1, 4, 10; 1, 17, 9 et saep.:

cum tanto plura bene dicendi exempla supersint quam illis contigerunt,

Quint. 10, 2, 28: quam mihi maxime hic hodie contigerit malum, Enn. ap. Non. p. 268, 12:

quod (sc. servitus) potentibus populis saepe contigit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 15; id. Cat. 1, 7, 16:

cum miseri animi essent, quod plerisque contingeret,

id. N. D. 1, 11, 27; id. Phil. 14, 8, 24; id. Fam. 5, 16, 5; id. Sen. 19, 71; id. Off. 2, 14, 50; 2, 19, 65; id. Fam. 11, 16, 2 al.: quoties ipsi testatori aliquid contingit, a misfortune befalls, etc., Dig. 28, 3, 6:

si quid ei humanitus contigerit,

ib. 34, 4, 30 fin. (cf. ib. § 2: sive in viā aliquid mihi humanitus acciderit, and v. 2. accido, II. B.).— Impers. with inf.:

non cuivis homini contingit adire Corinthum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 36:

mihi Romae nutriri atque doceri,

id. ib. 2, 2, 41:

mihi recusare principatum,

Vell. 2, 124, 2:

mihi cognoscere (eos),

Quint. 12, 11, 3; 1, 1, 11; 5, 7, 25; 6, 1, 4 al.—And, at the same time, a dat. of the predicate (post-class. and rare):

quo tempore mihi fratrique meo destinari praetoribus contigit,

Vell. 2, 124, 4:

maximo tibi et civi et duci evadere contigit,

Val. Max. 5, 4, ext. 2 (in Ov. M. 11, 220, the better read. is nepotem); cf. Haase in Reisig. Lect. p. 794 sq.—With ut:

volo hoc oratori contingat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Brut. 84, 290; id. Off. 1, 1, 3; id. Phil. 5, 18, 49; Quint. 11, 2, 51 al. —

With acc. (very rare):

sors Tyrrhenum contigit,

fell upon Tyrrhenus, Vell. 1, 1 fin.:

Italiam palma frugum,

Plin. 18, 11, 29, § 109.—

Absol. (very freq.):

hanc mi expetivi, contigit,

Ter. And. 4, 2, 13:

magis adeo id facilitate quam aliā ullā culpā meā contigit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15:

quod si nulla contingit excusatio,

Quint. 11, 1, 81:

ubi quid melius contingit et unctius,

Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 44 et saep.—With abl.:

quia memoria atque actio naturā non arte contingant,

Quint. 3, 3, 4; so id. 1, 1, 33; 2, 2, 11 al.—With ex:

gratia, quae continget ex sermone puro atque dilucido,

Quint. 11, 1, 53; so id. 8, 3, 70:

ex eādem brassicā contingunt aestivi autumnalesque cauliculi,

arise, spring, Plin. 19, 8, 41, § 138 al.:

nihil horum nisi in complexu loquendi serieque contingit,

Quint. 1, 5, 3.—With inf.:

fingere cinctutis non exaudita Cethegis Continget,

Hor. A. P. 51; Quint. 1, 1, 11; 5, 7, 25:

concitare invidiam, etc.... liberius in peroratione contingit,

id. 6, 1, 14.—With ut:

quod nunquam opinatus fui... id contigit, ut salvi poteremur domi,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 32; so Quint. 4, 1, 7; 9, 3, 72; 11, 2, 39.

con-tingo ( - tinguo), ĕre, v. a., to wet, moisten (perh. only in Lucr. and Verg.).

Lit.:

oras, pocula circum mellis liquore,

Lucr. 1, 938:

semina rerum colore,

id. 2, 755:

lac parco sale,

to sprinkle, Verg. G. 3, 403:

tonsum corpus amurcā,

id. ib. 3, 448. —

Trop.:

musaeo contingens cuncta lepore,

Lucr. 1, 934 and 947; 4, 9 and 22.

ex-āmen, ĭnis, n. [for ex-agmen, from ex and ago; cf. contamino and contagies, flamen and flagrare].

A multitude issuing forth or flying out, a swarm. Primarily and class. of a swarm of bees:

res rusticae laetae sunt tum pecudum pastu, apium examinibus, florum omnium varietate,

Cic. de Sen. 15 fin.; so,

apium,

id. Off. 1, 44, 157; id. Div. 1, 33 fin.; Liv. 4, 33 et saep.; cf. Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 29; Col. 9, 3 fin.; 9, 4 fin. et saep.; Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 23; Verg. G. 2, 452; 4, 21; 103 et saep.—

Transf., a multitude, crowd, shoal, swarm (freq. only after the Aug. per.):

locustarum,

Liv. 42, 10:

piscium,

Plin. 31, 1, 1, § 2:

pullorum (arboris),

Lucr. 5, 1364:

juvenum,

Hor. C. 1, 35, 31:

infantium,

Plin. Pan. 26, 1; cf. Just. 25, 2 fin.:

vernarum,

Hor. Epod. 2, 65; cf.

servorum,

Cic. Harusp. Resp. 12, 25:

Graium vatum,

Stat. S. 5, 3, 284:

stuprorum (i. e. feminarum stupratarum),

Prop. 2, 32, 41 (3, 30, 41 M.) et saep.—In late Lat. even of abstract things:

malorum,

Arn. 2, p. 46: maerorum, id. fin.:

aetatum,

Amm. 21, 5:

dilationum,

id. 30, 4 et saep.—

A means of examining; hence, the tongue of a balance (very rare): examen est ligula vel lignum, quod mediam hastam ad pondera adaequanda tenet, Schol. Pers. 1, 6; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 80, 14: Juppiter ipse duas aequato examine lances Sustinet, Verg. A. 12, 725; Cod. Theod. 12, 7, 1.—

Trop., a weighing, consideration, examination:

examenve improbum in illa Castiges trutina,

Pers. 1, 6:

legum,

Ov. M. 9, 552; cf.

vitae,

Stat. S. 3, 3, 203.

G, g, indecl. n. or (on account of littera) f., had originally no place in the Latin alphabet: both the sharp and the flat guttural mutes, our k and g sounds, being represented by C; hence on the Columna Rostrata LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, (pu)CNANDOD, PVCN(ad), CARTACINIENSIS, for legiones, etc.; hence, too, the archaic form ACETARE for agitare (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 23 Müll. N. cr.), and the still common abbreviation of the names Gaius and Gneus in C and Cn.—At a later period (acc. to Plut. Qu. Rom. p. 277 D and 278 E, by means of a freedman of Spurius Carvilius Ruga, about the beginning of the second Punic war) a slight graphic alteration was made in the C, which introduced into the Roman orthography the letter G (on the old monuments C); thus we have in the S. C. de Bacchanal.: MAGISTER, MAGISTRATVM, FIGIER, GNOSCIER, AGRO; on the other hand, the orthography GNAIVOD PATRE PROGNATVS on the first Epitaph of the Scipios, which dates before that time, indicates either incorrectness in the copying or a later erection of the monument. When Greek words are written in Latin letters and vice versa, G always corresponds to G. Its sound was always hard, like Engl. g in gate, at least until the sixth century A. D.As an initial, g, in pure Latin words, enters into consonantal combination only with l and r; and therefore in words which, from their etymology, had the combination gn, the g was rejected in the classical period, and thus arose the class. forms nascor, natus, nosco, novi, notus, narus, navus, from the original gnascor, gnatus, gnosco, etc. (cf. the English gnaw, gnat, gnarr, etc., where the g has become silent); whereas in compounds the g again is often retained: cognatus, cognosco, ignarus, ignavus.—An initial g is dropped in lac (kindred to GALACT, gala), likewise in anser (kindred to Germ. Gans; Sanscr. hansa; Greek chên).As a medial, g combines with l, m, n, r, although it is sometimes elided before m in the course of formation; so in examen for exagmen from agmen; in contamino for contagmino (from con-TAG, tango). Before s the soft sound of g passes into the hard sound of c, and becomes blended with the s into x (v. the letter X); though sometimes the g (or c) is elided altogether, as in mulsi from mulgeo, indulsi from indulgeo; cf.: sparsus, mersus, tersus, etc. So too before t, as indultum from indulgeo. The medial g is often dropped between two vowels, and compensated for by lengthening the preced. vowel: māior from măgior, pulēium from pulēgium, āio from ăgio (root AG, Sanscr. ah, to say; cf. nego). Likewise the medial g is dropped in lēvis for legvis, Sanscr. laghn, fava for fagva, fruor for frugvor, flamma for flagma, stimulus for stigmulus, examen for exagmen; jumentum, from root jug-: sumen from sug-; cf.: umor, flamen, etc.As a final, g was only paragogic, acc. to Quint. 1, 7, 13, in the obsolete VESPERVG (for vesperu, analogous with noctu; v. Spald. ad loc.). Etymologically, g corresponds to an original Indo - European g or gh, or is weakened from c, k. Thus it stands where in Greek we have:

g, as ago, agô; ager, agros; argentum, arguros; genus, genos; fulgeo, phlegô, and so very commonly;

ch (usually before r, or in the middle of a word): ango, anchô; rigo, brechô; gratus, chairô, etc.;

k: viginti, eikosi; gubernator, kubernêtês; gummi, kommi, etc.—By assimilation, g was produced from b and d in oggero, suggero, aggero, etc., from obgero, sub-gero, ad-gero, etc.As an abbreviation, G denotes Galliarum, Gallica, gemina, Germania, genius, etc.; and sometimes Gaius (instead of the usual C); v. Inscr. Orell. 467; 1660; 4680:

G.P.R.F. genio populi Romani feliciter,

Inscr. Orell. 4957; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 76 sqq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 38 sqq.

G, g, indecl. n. or (on account of littera) f., had originally no place in the Latin alphabet: both the sharp and the flat guttural mutes, our k and g sounds, being represented by C; hence on the Columna Rostrata LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, (pu)CNANDOD, PVCN(ad), CARTACINIENSIS, for legiones, etc.; hence, too, the archaic form ACETARE for agitare (v. Paul. ex Fest. p. 23 Müll. N. cr.), and the still common abbreviation of the names Gaius and Gneus in C and Cn.—At a later period (acc. to Plut. Qu. Rom. p. 277 D and 278 E, by means of a freedman of Spurius Carvilius Ruga, about the beginning of the second Punic war) a slight graphic alteration was made in the C, which introduced into the Roman orthography the letter G (on the old monuments C); thus we have in the S. C. de Bacchanal.: MAGISTER, MAGISTRATVM, FIGIER, GNOSCIER, AGRO; on the other hand, the orthography GNAIVOD PATRE PROGNATVS on the first Epitaph of the Scipios, which dates before that time, indicates either incorrectness in the copying or a later erection of the monument. When Greek words are written in Latin letters and vice versa, G always corresponds to G. Its sound was always hard, like Engl. g in gate, at least until the sixth century A. D.As an initial, g, in pure Latin words, enters into consonantal combination only with l and r; and therefore in words which, from their etymology, had the combination gn, the g was rejected in the classical period, and thus arose the class. forms nascor, natus, nosco, novi, notus, narus, navus, from the original gnascor, gnatus, gnosco, etc. (cf. the English gnaw, gnat, gnarr, etc., where the g has become silent); whereas in compounds the g again is often retained: cognatus, cognosco, ignarus, ignavus.—An initial g is dropped in lac (kindred to GALACT, gala), likewise in anser (kindred to Germ. Gans; Sanscr. hansa; Greek chên).As a medial, g combines with l, m, n, r, although it is sometimes elided before m in the course of formation; so in examen for exagmen from agmen; in contamino for contagmino (from con-TAG, tango). Before s the soft sound of g passes into the hard sound of c, and becomes blended with the s into x (v. the letter X); though sometimes the g (or c) is elided altogether, as in mulsi from mulgeo, indulsi from indulgeo; cf.: sparsus, mersus, tersus, etc. So too before t, as indultum from indulgeo. The medial g is often dropped between two vowels, and compensated for by lengthening the preced. vowel: māior from măgior, pulēium from pulēgium, āio from ăgio (root AG, Sanscr. ah, to say; cf. nego). Likewise the medial g is dropped in lēvis for legvis, Sanscr. laghn, fava for fagva, fruor for frugvor, flamma for flagma, stimulus for stigmulus, examen for exagmen; jumentum, from root jug-: sumen from sug-; cf.: umor, flamen, etc.As a final, g was only paragogic, acc. to Quint. 1, 7, 13, in the obsolete VESPERVG (for vesperu, analogous with noctu; v. Spald. ad loc.). Etymologically, g corresponds to an original Indo - European g or gh, or is weakened from c, k. Thus it stands where in Greek we have:

g, as ago, agô; ager, agros; argentum, arguros; genus, genos; fulgeo, phlegô, and so very commonly;

ch (usually before r, or in the middle of a word): ango, anchô; rigo, brechô; gratus, chairô, etc.;

k: viginti, eikosi; gubernator, kubernêtês; gummi, kommi, etc.—By assimilation, g was produced from b and d in oggero, suggero, aggero, etc., from obgero, sub-gero, ad-gero, etc.As an abbreviation, G denotes Galliarum, Gallica, gemina, Germania, genius, etc.; and sometimes Gaius (instead of the usual C); v. Inscr. Orell. 467; 1660; 4680:

G.P.R.F. genio populi Romani feliciter,

Inscr. Orell. 4957; v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 76 sqq.; Roby, Lat. Gr. 1, 38 sqq.

inquĭno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [cunire, acc. to Paul. ex Fest. p. 50 Müll.], to befoul, stain, pollute, defile (syn.: polluo, contamino, conspurco).

Lit.:

vestem,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 17:

mentior at si quid, merdis caput inquiner albis Corvorum,

Hor. S. 1, 8, 37:

ruris opes niteant: inquinet arma situs,

Ov. F. 4, 928:

(gurgitem) venenis,

id. M. 14, 56:

segetem injecto lolio,

Dig. 9, 2, 27. —

Trop., to pollute, defile, corrupt, contaminate: saepe unus puer petulans atque impurus inquinat gregem puerorum, Varr. ap. Non. 168, 7:

amicitiam nomine criminoso,

Cic. Planc. 19, 46:

agros turpissimis possessoribus, id. Phil, 2, 17, 43: omnem splendorem honestatis,

id. Fin. 5, 8, 22:

urbis jura et exempla corrumpere domesticaque immanitate inquinare,

id. Deiot. 12, 23:

senatum,

Liv. 9, 46, 10:

famam alterius,

id. 29, 37 med.:

argumenta puerorum foedis amoribus,

Quint. 10, 1, 100; cf. id. 2, 5, 24; 4, 2, 102:

se parricidio,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 2, 6:

se vitiis atque flagitiis,

id. ib. 1, 30, 72:

nuptias et genus et domos,

Hor. C. 3, 6, 18:

Juppiter inquinavit aere tempus aureum,

id. Epod. 16, 64.—Hence, inquĭnātus, a, um, P. a., befouled, polluted.

Lit.:

aqua turbida et cadaveribus inquinata,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 34, 97.—

Transf., stained, dyed:

bis murice vellus inquinatum,

Mart. 4, 4, 6.—

Trop., defiled, impure, filthy, base.

In gen.:

omnibus flagitiis vita inquinata,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:

nihil hoc homine inquinatius,

id. Fl. 22, 53:

sordidissima ratio et inquinatissima,

id. Off. 2, 6, 21:

quis in voluptate inquinatior,

id. Cael. 6, 13: comitia largitione inquinata, id. Q. Petit. Cons. fin.:

dextra inquinatior,

Cat. 33, 3:

sermo inquinatissimus,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 26, § 65.—

In partic.

Of speech, low, base:

est vitiosum in verbis, si inquinatum, si abjectum,

Cic. Opt. Gen. Or. 3, 7:

versus inquinatus, insuavissima littera,

id. Or. 49, 163. —

Tinctured, slightly imbued with any thing (cf. A. 2.):

litteris satis inquinatus est,

Petr. Fragm. Trag. 46 Burm.:

non inquinati sumus (istis vitiis), sed infecti,

Sen. Ep. 59 med. — Adv.: inquĭnātē, filthily, impurely; loqui, Cic. Brut. 37, 140; 74, 258.

pollŭo, ŭi, ūtum, 3, v. a. [cf.: adluo, diluo; Gr. louô, to wash; luma, lumê, lumainô, to cleanse, ruin], to soil, defile, pollute.

Lit. (very rare):

ore dapes,

Verg. A. 3, 234:

ora cruore,

Ov. M. 15, 98:

pollui cuncta sanie, odore, contactu,

Tac. A. 4, 49:

usu tegmina,

id. ib. 13, 57:

vina deciduo immundiore lapsu,

Plin. 14, 19, 23, § 119:

polluta mensa cruore,

Sil. 7, 183.—

Trop.

In gen., to defile morally, to pollute, contaminate, violate, dishonor, desecrate, etc. (class.;

syn.: inquino, contamino): polluta et violata sacra,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 187; cf. id. Rosc. Am. 26, 71:

deorum hominumque jura inexpiabili scelere,

id. Phil. 11, 12, 29:

fratris filiam incesto,

Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 6:

tragico pollutus concubitu,

Juv. 2, 29:

famam domūs stupro turpi,

Phaedr. 3, 10, 17:

nec Electrae jugulo se polluit,

Juv. 8, 218:

mentem suam et aures hominum nefariā voce,

Tac. A. 3, 50: incestis se matrimoniis, Mos. et Rom. Leg. Coll. 6, 4, 3: jejunia, to violate, break, Nigid. ap. Isid. Orig. 20, 2:

Jovem,

to insult, Prop. 4 (5), 9, 8: ferias, to desecrate (by labor), Gell. 2, 28, 3:

avaritia invadit, polluit, vastat omnia,

Sall. J. 41, 9; Ov. M. 2, 794:

polluta pax,

Verg. A. 7, 467:

polluendam perdendamque rempublicam relinquere,

Tac. H. 2, 76:

ferias,

Macr. S. 1, 16, 11.—Esp., in eccl. Lat., to render unclean, in a ceremonial sense, Vulg. Lev. 7, 21; pass., to be unclean, id. ib. 11, 27;

15, 32: pollutum et mundum,

id. ib. 10, 10: pollutum comedit, id. Osee, 9, 3.—

In partic., to violate, dishonor a woman (post-Aug.), Tac. A. 12, 46; id. Agr. 31; Vulg. Ezech. 18, 11.—Hence, pollū-tus, a, um, P. a., polluted, i. e. no longer virgin, then vicious, unchaste, Cat. 60, 46:

femina,

Liv. 10, 23, 10:

princeps,

Tac. H. 2, 37 fin.:

scelesta pollutaque femina,

App. M. 10, 34.— Comp.:

senectus,

more vicious, more sinful, Sil. 11, 47.— Sup.:

dives,

App. M. 9, p. 234, 31.