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121 VALUE
Стоимость
Ценность продукта или актива в денежном выражении. Первые ученые-экономисты (А. Смит, Д. Рикардо) полагали, что стоимость зависит от количества труда, затраченного на производство товара. Последующие поколения ученых утверждали, что стоимость товара определяется его полезностью. Современные экономисты сходятся на той точке зрения, что для определения стоимости важны как факторы спроса, так и факторы предложения, а в результате взаимодействия спроса и предложения устанавливается рыночная цена. См. также Consumer surplus, Paradox of value. -
122 budget
1. n1) бюджет; детальный план доходов и расходов правительства
- ad budget
- additional budget
- administrative budget
- adverse budget
- advertising budget
- annual budget
- approved budget
- austerity budget
- autonomous budget
- balanced budget
- balanced state budget
- capital budget
- capital assets budget
- capital expenditure budget
- cash budget
- city budget
- consolidated budget
- consumer budget
- current budget
- defence budget
- deficit-free budget
- deficit-ridden
- department budget
- district budget
- double budget
- draft budget
- emergency budget
- excise budget
- expense budget
- extraordinary budget
- family budget
- federal budget
- fixed budget
- fixed assets budget
- flexible budget
- forecast budget
- formula budget
- government budget
- household budget
- independent budget
- labour budget
- legislative budget
- local budget
- low budget
- manpower budget
- manufacturing overhead budget
- master budget
- materials budget
- military budget
- mini budget
- multiple budget
- municipal budget
- national budget
- operating budget
- ordinary budget
- overall budget
- overhead budget
- performance budget
- physical budget
- planning budget
- practicable budget
- programme budget
- project budget
- proposed budget
- publicity budget
- purchase budget
- realizable budget
- regional budget
- sales budget
- sequestrated budget
- sliding-scale budget
- state budget
- state social insurance budget
- step budget
- supplementary budget
- surplus budget
- tough budget
- transitional budget
- unbalanced budget
- unified budget
- voted budget
- budget of expenditure
- budget of volume and expenditure
- approve the budget
- balance the budget
- bring in the budget
- build up a budget
- cut the budget
- decrease the budget
- draw up a budget
- exceed the budget
- execute the budget
- implement the budget
- include in the budget
- increase the budget
- make a budget
- open the budget
- pass the budget
- prepare the budget
- present the budget
- stretch the budget
- submit the budget
- subsidize from the budget
- work out a budget2. v2) планироватьEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > budget
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123 commodity
n1) предмет потребления, товар2) продукт
- agricultural commodity
- basic commodities
- bulk commodities
- cash commodity
- consumable commodities
- consumer commodities
- damaged commodity
- diversified commodities
- essential commodities
- export commodities
- farm commodity
- finished commodity
- food commodities
- high-value commodity
- import commodities
- imported commodities
- individual commodities
- intangible commodities
- intermediate commodity
- marketable commodities
- money commodity
- natural commodity
- nonreproducible commodities
- nonsensitive commodities
- physical commodity
- primary commodities
- rare commodities
- raw commodities
- ready commodities
- realized commodities
- scarce commodity
- staple commodities
- surplus commodities
- trademark commodity
- valuable commodity
- commodity in short supply
- commodity of commerce
- commodities of equal worth
- commodities with a strong seasonal pattern
- advertise commodities
- make commodities
- manufacture commodities
- produce commodities
- sell commoditiesEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > commodity
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124 product
nпродукт, продукция, изделие
- advanced products
- agricultural products
- aircraft products
- all-season product
- ancillary products
- animal products
- animal and plant products
- annual product
- auxiliary product
- aviation products
- banking product
- basic products
- bespoke banking product
- branded products
- bulky product
- capital-intensive product
- capitalized product
- captive product
- certified product
- characteristic product
- chemical products
- commercial product
- commodity product
- comparable products
- comparative products
- competitive products
- complete product
- conforming product
- consumer product
- consumption product
- custom-made product
- dairy products
- defensive products
- delivered products
- different products
- differentiated products
- diversified products
- domestic products
- dumped products
- end product
- engineering products
- excess product
- expensive products
- export products
- exported products
- factory products
- factory-made products
- farm products
- final product
- finished product
- first-class product
- first-rate product
- flexible products
- fodder products
- food products
- foreign products
- foreign-made products
- forest products
- fresh products
- frozen products
- genetically modified products
- good quality product
- gross product
- gross domestic product
- gross national product
- half-finished product
- hard-to-move product
- hard-to-sell product
- health care products
- high-grade product
- highly effective products
- highly efficient products
- highly technical product
- high-priced products
- high-quality products
- high-reliability product
- high-technology products
- home product
- home-made product
- home-used product
- hottest-selling products
- imported products
- industrial products
- industrialized products
- inedible products
- inland product
- insurance product
- intermediate product
- joint products
- labour-intensive product
- licensed product
- listed products
- livestock products
- low-priced products
- made-to-order product
- main product
- manufactured products
- marginal product
- marginal revenue product
- marginal value product
- marketable product
- merchantable sales product
- multi-use product
- national product
- net product
- net domestic product
- net material product
- net national product
- newly designed product
- noncapitalized product
- nonpatentable product
- nonstandard product
- nonstorable product
- obsolescent product
- off-standard product
- patentable product
- patented product
- perishable product
- piggyback product
- pioneer product
- potential gross national product
- primary product
- prime product
- prime quality product
- private label product
- processed product
- promising product
- promoted product
- proprietary product
- proven product
- purchased product
- qualified product
- quality product
- questionable product
- ready-made product
- real net national product
- rejected product
- related products
- respective products
- returned product
- revised product
- rival product
- saleable products
- science-intensive products
- secondary product
- semifinished product
- semimanufactured product
- semiprocessed product
- semistandard product
- serial products
- sideline products
- similar products
- single-use product
- slow-moving product
- social product
- sold products
- sophisticated products
- special products
- spoiled products
- standard products
- standardized product
- substandard product
- substitution product
- superior product
- surplus product
- tangible product
- timber and paper products
- top quality product
- total product
- tying products
- unidentified product
- unfinished products
- unified product
- unmarketable products
- unpatented product
- unsaleable product
- useless product
- various products
- waste products
- product of industry
- product of labour
- products of superior quality
- products of vegetable and animal origin
- product superior in quality
- advertise a product
- assess a product
- deal in products
- demonstrate a product
- develop new products
- evaluate a product
- exchange products
- exhibit products
- feature products
- freeze products
- guarantee a product
- introduce a product into the market
- label a product
- launch a product
- list products
- manufacture products
- process products
- sell products
- show products
- store products
- turn out productsEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > product
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125 production
n1) производство, изготовление2) производительность, выработка3) продукция, продукт, изделие4) предъявление (документа)
- aggregate production
- agricultural production
- animal production
- annual production
- assembly-flow production
- assembly-line production
- automatic production
- back-yard production
- batch production
- batched flow production
- commercial production
- commercial-scale production
- commodity production
- competitive production
- continuous production
- contract production
- controlled production
- cooperative production
- crop production
- current production
- curtailed production
- daily production
- defective production
- direct production
- domestic production
- duplicate production
- efficient production
- estimated production
- excessive production
- farm production
- faulty production
- field production
- flexible production
- flow production
- flow-line production
- food production
- forage production
- forage crop production
- fresh production
- full-scale production
- gross production
- high production
- highly remunerative production
- highly-specialized production
- high-value-added production
- high-volume production
- imported production
- incomplete production
- indirect production
- individual production
- industrial production
- in-line production
- jerky production
- job production
- jobbing production
- job lot production
- job order production
- job shop-type production
- joint production
- large-lot production
- large-scale production
- line production
- livestock production
- lot production
- machine production
- manufacturing production
- marginal production
- mass production
- mass-line production
- material production
- material-intensive production
- medium-size lot production
- monthly production
- multiple production
- net production
- nonstandard production
- nonwaste production
- organized production
- overall production
- per capita production
- piece production
- pilot production
- planned production
- plant production
- primary production
- profitable production
- programmed production
- prototype production
- quality production
- quantity production
- rejected production
- roundabout production
- secondary production
- serial production
- series production
- single-item production
- single-job production
- single-part production
- single-piece production
- small batch production
- small commodity production
- small-lot production
- small-scale production
- small-scale commodity production
- social production
- specialized production
- standard production
- surplus production
- tertiary production
- total production
- volume production
- wasted production
- waste-free production
- wasteful production
- world production
- production for export
- production in bulk
- production in lots
- production in lot sizes
- production of commodities
- production of consumer goods
- production of documents
- production of equipment
- production of a new model
- production of proof
- production on the line
- production on order
- be in production
- boost production
- bring into production
- build up production
- carry out production
- check production
- come into production
- commence production
- curb production
- curtail production
- cut down production
- cut off production
- expand production
- get into production
- go into production
- go out of production
- hold back production
- increase production
- launch production
- master production
- organize production
- phase back production
- phase out production
- put into production
- put into full production
- raise production
- reduce production
- restrict production
- set up production
- slow down production
- speed up production
- start production
- step up production
- stop production
- switch production to
- switch over production
- withdraw from productionEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > production
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126 commodity
n1) товар, сырьевой товар / аграрно-сырьевой товар2) предмет (широкого) потребления, продукт• -
127 country
nстрана, государство -
128 gains from trade
а) эк. (выгоды, получаемые от торговли обеими сторонами, которые обусловлены наличием излишка потребителя и излишка производителя)See:б) межд. эк. (экономический эффект от торговли в результате специализации стран на товарах, в производстве которых они имеют сравнительные преимущества)Syn:See:The new English-Russian dictionary of financial markets > gains from trade
См. также в других словарях:
Consumer's surplus — (Polit. econ.) The excess that a purchaser would be willing to pay for a commodity over that he does pay, rather than go without the commodity; called also {consumer s rent}. The price which a person pays for a thing can never exceed, and seldom… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
consumer’s surplus — /kənˌsju:məz sɜ:pləs/ noun the difference between what a consumer is willing to pay for something and what he or she actually does pay for it ● When the brand manager realised how big the consumer’s surplus was she decided to raise the price of… … Marketing dictionary in english
consumer's surplus — In economics, the difference between the total amount consumers would be willing to pay to consume the quantity of goods transacted on the market and the amount they actually have to pay for those goods. The former is generally interpreted as the … Universalium
consumer's surplus — noun also consumer s rent : the amount above the actual price of a commodity a purchaser would pay in order not to go without the commodity … Useful english dictionary
consumer`s surplus — difference between the benefit a customer derives from a product and the price paid for it … English contemporary dictionary
consumer's rent — Consumer s surplus Consumer s surplus (Polit. econ.) The excess that a purchaser would be willing to pay for a commodity over that he does pay, rather than go without the commodity; called also {consumer s rent}. The price which a person pays for … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
consumer surplus — ▪ economics also called social surplus and consumer s surplus in economics, the difference between the price a consumer pays for an item and the price he would be willing to pay rather than do without it. As first developed by Jules… … Universalium
Surplus du consommateur — Le surplus du consommateur est la différence entre ce qu un consommateur est prêt à payer pour un bien et le montant effectivement payé. Sommaire 1 Le surplus du consommateur 2 Les variations compensée et équivalente 3 Le surplus du producteur … Wikipédia en Français
consumer — consumership, n. /keuhn sooh meuhr/, n. 1. a person or thing that consumes. 2. Econ. a person or organization that uses a commodity or service. 3. Ecol. an organism, usually an animal, that feeds on plants or other animals. [1375 1425 for earlier … Universalium
consumer's rent — noun see consumer s surplus … Useful english dictionary
Consumer surplus for software products — Consumer surplus can be calculated differently for software products than for other products. Customers tend to buy products with greater consumer surplus. Software companies should know what measure in their market analysis to determine their… … Wikipedia