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101 atelier
mцех; мастерскаяatelier artisanal — ремесленная [кустарная] мастерскаяatelier de constructions mécaniques — цех металлоконструкций; механический цехatelier de filetage — цех резьбовых деталей; болторезный цехatelier de fraisage — фрезерный цех, фрезерное отделениеatelier de galvanisation — цех гальванопокрытий; оцинковочное отделениеatelier d'outillage — инструментальный цех; цех оснасткиatelier pilote — опытный [экспериментальный] цехatelier des prototypes — (экспериментальный) цех по изготовлению прототиповatelier de rabotage — строгальный цех; отделение строгальных станковatelier de rivetage — котельный цех; цех клёпаных металлоконструкцийatelier de traçage — разметочный цех; разметочное отделение -
102 Thinking
But what then am I? A thing which thinks. What is a thing which thinks? It is a thing which doubts, understands, [conceives], affirms, denies, wills, refuses, which also imagines and feels. (Descartes, 1951, p. 153)I have been trying in all this to remove the temptation to think that there "must be" a mental process of thinking, hoping, wishing, believing, etc., independent of the process of expressing a thought, a hope, a wish, etc.... If we scrutinize the usages which we make of "thinking," "meaning," "wishing," etc., going through this process rids us of the temptation to look for a peculiar act of thinking, independent of the act of expressing our thoughts, and stowed away in some particular medium. (Wittgenstein, 1958, pp. 41-43)Analyse the proofs employed by the subject. If they do not go beyond observation of empirical correspondences, they can be fully explained in terms of concrete operations, and nothing would warrant our assuming that more complex thought mechanisms are operating. If, on the other hand, the subject interprets a given correspondence as the result of any one of several possible combinations, and this leads him to verify his hypotheses by observing their consequences, we know that propositional operations are involved. (Inhelder & Piaget, 1958, p. 279)In every age, philosophical thinking exploits some dominant concepts and makes its greatest headway in solving problems conceived in terms of them. The seventeenth- and eighteenth-century philosophers construed knowledge, knower, and known in terms of sense data and their association. Descartes' self-examination gave classical psychology the mind and its contents as a starting point. Locke set up sensory immediacy as the new criterion of the real... Hobbes provided the genetic method of building up complex ideas from simple ones... and, in another quarter, still true to the Hobbesian method, Pavlov built intellect out of conditioned reflexes and Loeb built life out of tropisms. (S. Langer, 1962, p. 54)Experiments on deductive reasoning show that subjects are influenced sufficiently by their experience for their reasoning to differ from that described by a purely deductive system, whilst experiments on inductive reasoning lead to the view that an understanding of the strategies used by adult subjects in attaining concepts involves reference to higher-order concepts of a logical and deductive nature. (Bolton, 1972, p. 154)There are now machines in the world that think, that learn and create. Moreover, their ability to do these things is going to increase rapidly until-in the visible future-the range of problems they can handle will be coextensive with the range to which the human mind has been applied. (Newell & Simon, quoted in Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 138)But how does it happen that thinking is sometimes accompanied by action and sometimes not, sometimes by motion, and sometimes not? It looks as if almost the same thing happens as in the case of reasoning and making inferences about unchanging objects. But in that case the end is a speculative proposition... whereas here the conclusion which results from the two premises is an action.... I need covering; a cloak is a covering. I need a cloak. What I need, I have to make; I need a cloak. I have to make a cloak. And the conclusion, the "I have to make a cloak," is an action. (Nussbaum, 1978, p. 40)It is well to remember that when philosophy emerged in Greece in the sixth century, B.C., it did not burst suddenly out of the Mediterranean blue. The development of societies of reasoning creatures-what we call civilization-had been a process to be measured not in thousands but in millions of years. Human beings became civilized as they became reasonable, and for an animal to begin to reason and to learn how to improve its reasoning is a long, slow process. So thinking had been going on for ages before Greece-slowly improving itself, uncovering the pitfalls to be avoided by forethought, endeavoring to weigh alternative sets of consequences intellectually. What happened in the sixth century, B.C., is that thinking turned round on itself; people began to think about thinking, and the momentous event, the culmination of the long process to that point, was in fact the birth of philosophy. (Lipman, Sharp & Oscanyan, 1980, p. xi)The way to look at thought is not to assume that there is a parallel thread of correlated affects or internal experiences that go with it in some regular way. It's not of course that people don't have internal experiences, of course they do; but that when you ask what is the state of mind of someone, say while he or she is performing a ritual, it's hard to believe that such experiences are the same for all people involved.... The thinking, and indeed the feeling in an odd sort of way, is really going on in public. They are really saying what they're saying, doing what they're doing, meaning what they're meaning. Thought is, in great part anyway, a public activity. (Geertz, quoted in J. Miller, 1983, pp. 202-203)Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler. (Einstein, quoted in Minsky, 1986, p. 17)What, in effect, are the conditions for the construction of formal thought? The child must not only apply operations to objects-in other words, mentally execute possible actions on them-he must also "reflect" those operations in the absence of the objects which are replaced by pure propositions. Thus, "reflection" is thought raised to the second power. Concrete thinking is the representation of a possible action, and formal thinking is the representation of a representation of possible action.... It is not surprising, therefore, that the system of concrete operations must be completed during the last years of childhood before it can be "reflected" by formal operations. In terms of their function, formal operations do not differ from concrete operations except that they are applied to hypotheses or propositions [whose logic is] an abstract translation of the system of "inference" that governs concrete operations. (Piaget, quoted in Minsky, 1986, p. 237)[E]ven a human being today (hence, a fortiori, a remote ancestor of contemporary human beings) cannot easily or ordinarily maintain uninterrupted attention on a single problem for more than a few tens of seconds. Yet we work on problems that require vastly more time. The way we do that (as we can observe by watching ourselves) requires periods of mulling to be followed by periods of recapitulation, describing to ourselves what seems to have gone on during the mulling, leading to whatever intermediate results we have reached. This has an obvious function: namely, by rehearsing these interim results... we commit them to memory, for the immediate contents of the stream of consciousness are very quickly lost unless rehearsed.... Given language, we can describe to ourselves what seemed to occur during the mulling that led to a judgment, produce a rehearsable version of the reaching-a-judgment process, and commit that to long-term memory by in fact rehearsing it. (Margolis, 1987, p. 60)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Thinking
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103 станкостроение
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104 деревообрабатывающие станки
1) General subject: woodworking machines2) Construction: woodworking machineryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > деревообрабатывающие станки
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105 землеройные машины
1) Military: ditching equipment2) Construction: excavating machines3) Mining: earthmoving equipment4) Automation: earth-moving equipment5) Logistics: excavating machineryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > землеройные машины
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106 окопокопатель
1) Military: foxhole digger2) Construction: trenching machines (машина для выкапывания траншей, окопов и т.д.) -
107 производственное оборудование
1) General subject: capital equipment2) Engineering: fabrication facilities, factory environment, industrial equipment, manufacturing facilities, materials, plant engineering, production environment, production equipment, production facilities, production tooling3) Construction: machinery4) Economy: business equipment (промышленное, транспортное, сельскохозяйственное, торговое, конторское), equipment facilities, manufacturing equipment, mechanical facilities5) Accounting: business equipment (промышленное, транспортное, сельскохозяйственное, торгово-конторское)6) Telecommunications: product engineering7) Information technology: plant8) Business: machinery and plant, operating equipment, operating machinery, operating plant, production apparatus, production machinery9) Production: production facility10) Industrial economy: mechanical production11) Microelectronics: industrial facilities12) Automation: operating environment, process machines13) Makarov: fabrication facility14) SAP.fin. plant and equipment15) Logistics: industrial propertyУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > производственное оборудование
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108 станочный парк
1) General subject: equipment stock2) Engineering: machine tool population, machinery (производственные)3) Construction: machine train, machinery equipment4) Business: machine pool, machines installed5) Automation: machine tool holding -
109 технология
1) General subject: art, know-how, technology, technics, technical process (whether now known or hereafter devised), (применяемая к данным) manipulation techniques (applied to data) (при обработке данных для получения конечного продукта)2) Medicine: technic3) Military: development sequence, process sequence, sequence of operations, technique4) Engineering: approach, engineering, method, practice, procedure (технического обслуживания), process, process engineering, processing, set-up5) Construction: manufacturing process6) Railway term: production sequence7) Forestry: method of procedure (напр. обработки)8) Polygraphy: workflow9) Abbreviation: tech10) Electronics: photoresist technology11) Mechanics: production technique12) Coolers: technique13) Patents: techniques14) Drilling: hang15) Sakhalin energy glossary: proven16) Oilfield: operating procedure, operational procedure, practices17) Microelectronics: processing technique18) Network technologies: synchronous data compression19) Automation: manning, production method20) Quality control: process engineering (производства)21) Makarov: fabrication route, know-how (совокупность методов обработки, изготовления), practice (метод, способ), process (метод, способ), process of production, production process, technology (метод, способ)22) Cement: machines -
110 траншеекопатель
1) Military: ditch and trench excavator, ditch digger, ditching equipment, entrenching machine, foxhole digger, intrenching machine2) Engineering: ditcher, ditching machine, trench excavator3) Construction: trenching machine, trenching machines (машина для выкапывания траншей, окопов и т.д.)4) Railway term: mucker5) Oil: ditch excavator (ditcher), trench-digger, trench-hoe, trencher ( trench digger)6) Special term: trencher7) Drilling: trencher (plough; плуг)9) Makarov: ditch cutter, ditch-making machine, drain cutter, trench cutter, trench-digging machine -
111 Büroleiter
Büroleiter
office manager, managing clerk;
• Büroleitung office management;
• Büromädchen office girl;
• Büromaschinen business (office) machines;
• Büromaterial stationery;
• Büromiete office rent;
• Büromitbenutzung secretarial facilities;
• Büromöbel, Büromobiliar office furniture;
• Büroneubauten office construction;
• Büronutz[ungs]fläche office floor space;
• Büroorganisation im Griff haben to make for bureaucratic control;
• Büropersonal [office] personnel, clerical force (staff), office staff (force), hands;
• untergeordnetes Büropersonal junior office staff;
• Büropersonal engagieren to staff an office;
• Büroraum zur Verfügung stellen to furnish office room;
• Büroräume office accommodation (premises);
• unvermietete (nicht vermietete) Büroräume unlet office space;
• Büroräume mieten to take offices;
• Büroraumgestalter office planner;
• Büroschluss closing time;
• Bürostenotypist[in] office typist;
• Bürostuhl office chair;
• Bürostunden office (business) hours, hours of attendance;
• seine Bürostunden [pünktlich] einhalten to be punctual in one’s attendance (at one’s office);
• Bürotätigkeit secretarial (clerical) service, clerical occupation, desk work, office work (practice, services), (gehobenere) black-coated (Br.);
• [gehobene] Bürotätigkeit white-collar job;
• Bürotratsch chit-chat;
• Bürounterbringung office accommodation;
• Bürounterlagen clerical records, files;
• Büroverwaltung office management;
• Bürovorstand, Bürovorsteher head clerk, office keeper (manager), chief (head, senior) clerk, (Anwaltsbüro) senior (barrister’s, counsel’s, Br., managing, Br.) clerk;
• Bürozeit office hours, hours of attendance, meeting time;
• Bürozuteilung office assignment;
• für Bürozwecke for office use. -
112 машиностроительный завод
atelier de constructions mécaniques, usine de construction de machinesРусско-французский политехнический словарь > машиностроительный завод
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113 atelier
m1) цех2) мастерская•- atelier d'ajustageatelier de traitement des recyclés carbonés — мет. узел приёма огарков и боя
- atelier de broyage
- atelier de chaudronnerie
- atelier de classement
- atelier de concassage
- atelier de congélation
- atelier de construction de machines
- atelier de constructions mécaniques
- atelier d'ébarbage
- atelier d'électricité
- atelier d'emboutissage
- atelier d'essai
- atelier de fabrication
- atelier de filetage
- atelier de finissage
- atelier de flottation
- atelier de fonderie
- atelier des fours
- atelier de galvanisation
- atelier de gros usinage
- atelier de laminage
- atelier de laminage feuille mince
- atelier de lavage
- atelier de malaxage
- atelier mécanique
- atelier de menuiserie
- atelier de meulage
- atelier de modelage
- atelier de montage
- atelier de moulage
- atelier de mouture
- atelier d'outillage
- atelier de perçage
- atelier de petit usinage
- atelier pilote
- atelier de préparation
- atelier de presse
- atelier des prototypes
- atelier de rabotage
- atelier de réparation
- atelier de rivetage
- atelier de tournage
- atelier de traçage
- atelier de traitement des liqueurs
- atelier de traitement thermique
- atelier de trempe
- atelier de triage
- atelier d'usinage -
114 section
f1) сечение; разрез; площадь поперечного сечения2) секция; участок•- section d'affûtage
- section de l'âme
- section d'amplification
- section d'analyse de temps
- section annulaire
- section d'aspiration
- section de l'atelier
- section atomique
- section d'atténuation
- section de buse
- section du bobinage
- section en caisson
- section calculée
- section de capture
- section de chauffage
- section circulaire
- section de cisaillement
- section du col de tuyère
- section de condensation
- section du condenseur
- section conique
- section de construction
- section dangereuse
- section droite
- section d'écoulement
- section effective
- section efficace
- section efficace de capture
- section efficace de fission
- section efficace de réaction
- section d'erreurs
- section d'exécution
- section fatiguée
- section fictive
- section du foyer
- section libre
- section libre de passage d'air
- section libre de tube
- section longitudinale
- section de machines
- section microscopique
- section nette
- section nominale nucléaire
- section normale
- section d'or
- section d'outillage
- section partielle
- section de passage
- section polie
- section de préchauffage
- section principale
- section de programme
- section de référence
- section résistante
- section revêtue
- section sortie
- section à la sortie
- section de soudage
- section totale
- section totale de grille
- section transversale
- section de vaporisation
- section variable
- section de la veine
- section du ventilateur
- section d'un Venturi -
115 implanter
implanter [ɛ̃plɑ̃te]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verb[+ usage, mode] to introduce ; [+ usine, industrie] to set up• une société implantée dans la région depuis plusieurs générations a company that has been established in the area for generations2. reflexive verb* * *ɛ̃plɑ̃te
1.
1) ( établir) to establish [usine]; to build [hypermarché, cinéma]; to open [agence, cafétéria]; to install [équipements]; to introduce [produit, système, mode]2) Médecine to implant
2.
s'implanter verbe pronominal [entreprise, système] to establish itself; [usine] to be built; [personne] to settle; [parti, doctrine] to gain a following* * *ɛ̃plɑ̃te vt1) [usine, industrie, usage] to establish2) [idée, préjugé] to implant* * *implanter verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( établir) to establish [usine, entreprise, représentant]; to build [hypermarché, cinéma]; to open [agence, cafétéria]; to install [équipements, machines]; to introduce [produit, système, mode]; to instilGB [idées, préjugés];2 Méd to implant [prothèse, cheveux].B s'implanter vpr [entreprise, régime] to establish itself; [usine] to be built; [parti, produit, système, mode] to establish itself; [personne] to settle; [parti, doctrine] to gain a following; s'implanter sur un marché to gain a foothold in a market.[ɛ̃plɑ̃te] verbe transitif1. [bâtiment] to locate[idées] to implant[coutumes, mode] to introduce[parti politique] to establish————————s'implanter verbe pronominal intransitif[entreprise, ville] to be set up ou located ou established[peuple] to settle -
116 work
[wə:k] 1. noun1) (effort made in order to achieve or make something: He has done a lot of work on this project) delo2) (employment: I cannot find work in this town.) delo3) (a task or tasks; the thing that one is working on: Please clear your work off the table.) delo4) (a painting, book, piece of music etc: the works of Van Gogh / Shakespeare/Mozart; This work was composed in 1816.) delo5) (the product or result of a person's labours: His work has shown a great improvement lately.) delo6) (one's place of employment: He left (his) work at 5.30 p.m.; I don't think I'll go to work tomorrow.) delo2. verb1) (to (cause to) make efforts in order to achieve or make something: She works at the factory three days a week; He works his employees very hard; I've been working on/at a new project.) delati; priganjati k delu2) (to be employed: Are you working just now?) delati3) (to (cause to) operate (in the correct way): He has no idea how that machine works / how to work that machine; That machine doesn't/won't work, but this one's working.) delovati; upravljati4) (to be practicable and/or successful: If my scheme works, we'll be rich!) delovati5) (to make (one's way) slowly and carefully with effort or difficulty: She worked her way up the rock face.) s težavo napredovati6) (to get into, or put into, a stated condition or position, slowly and gradually: The wheel worked loose.) postajati bolj in bolj7) (to make by craftsmanship: The ornaments had been worked in gold.) izdelati•- - work- workable
- worker
- works 3. noun plural1) (the mechanism (of a watch, clock etc): The works are all rusted.) mehanizem2) (deeds, actions etc: She's devoted her life to good works.) dela•- work-box
- workbook
- workforce
- working class
- working day
- work-day
- working hours
- working-party
- work-party
- working week
- workman
- workmanlike
- workmanship
- workmate
- workout
- workshop
- at work
- get/set to work
- go to work on
- have one's work cut out
- in working order
- out of work
- work of art
- work off
- work out
- work up
- work up to
- work wonders* * *I [wə:k]noun(telesno ali duševno) delo; ukvarjanje, ustvarjanje, dejavnost; posel, zaposlitev; naloga; (žensko) ročno delo; delovni proces, rezultat dela, proizvod, izdelek; izdelava, obdelava, način izdelave; delovna sposobnost; težak posel, trud, muka; pogon (stroja); plural stavbna dela, stavbišče; javna dela; military utrdbe, utrdbena dela; (singular construction) tovarna, fabrika, obrat, delavnica; talilnica, livarna; technical mehanizem, gonilo, kolesje, zobčasti prenos; plural religion dobra delain work — zaposlen; (ki je) v pogonu (obratu)out of work — brez dela, brezposeln, nezaposlena work of art — umetniško delo, umetninaearth works architecture zemeljska delairon works — talilnica železa, železarnaout works architecture zunanja delaupper works nautical nadvodni del ladje; vrhnja gradba, deli ladje nad zgornjo palubowood works — lesena konstrukcija, leseni deli hiše, leseni predmetito be out of work — biti brez dela, biti brezposelnto be at work — delati, delovati, funkcioniratiit's all in the day's work — to ni (prav) nič nenavadnega, to je normalno, to je del (vsako)-dnevnega delato give s.o. the works American colloquially ozmerjati, premlatiti kogato get ( —ali to set) to work — lotiti se dela, začeti delatito make sad work of it figuratively vse uničitito make short ( —ali quick) work of — hitro opraviti z, hitro obvladatiII() [wə:k]1.transitive verbdelati (na čem), izdel(ov)ati, obdelati; narediti, proizvesti, proizvajati; poetically umetniško izdelati; plesti, tkati, izdelati na statvah; šivati; vesti; oblikovati, (iz)kovati; tiskati; mesiti; kopati (rudo), obdelovati (zemljo); commerce poslovati, poslovno potovati (po nekem področju); slang prodati; plačati (potovanje) z delom; preiskati, raziskati; mathematics izračunati, rešiti (nalogo); vplivati na (koga), nagovarjati (koga); slang prevarati, oslepariti; izvesti, uresničiti, izvršiti, povzročiti; streči (topu, stroju); uporabljati (žival) za delo, vpreči; izkoriščati (rudnik); pustiti koga, da težko dela; premikati, poganjati, gnati, gonitito work o.s. to death — ubi(ja)ti se z delom, garatito work o.s. into s.o.'s favour — pridobiti si naklonjenost kake osebeto work o.s. into a rage — pobesnetito work a change — izvršiti, povzročiti spremembocan you work the screw loose? — lahko zrahljate vijak?to work a slave to death — do smrti priganjati sužnja k delu, ubiti ga z delomservants are not worked now as they were formerly — od služinčadi se danes ne zahteva več toliko dela kot nekočit is a good scheme, but can you work it? — to je dober načrt, toda, ali ga lahko izvedete?to work one's passage nautical zaslužiti svoj prevoz z delomto work one's social relations in business — izkoriščati svoje družabne zveze poslovno;2.intransitive verbdelati, delovati, biti zaposlen (s čim); baviti se (s čim); truditi se; funkcionirati, posrečiti se, uspeti; razviti se, dozoreti; vreti; biti v pogonu, delati (stroj), prijemati eden v drugega (zobata kolesa); šivati, vesti (vezem); prebijati se (z delom); razvleči se; trzati (se) (obraz); mahati (s čim); težko, z muko se premikati, gibati; nautical križariti; besneti, biti razburkan (morje); figuratively krčevito delatiI tried but it did not work — poskušal sem, a ni se mi posrečiloto work loose — zrahljati se (vijak itd.)that won't work with me — to ne bo vplivalo name (vžgalo pri meni); -
117 конструирование машин
nmech.eng. construction de machinesDictionnaire russe-français universel > конструирование машин
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118 конструирование станков
nmech.eng. construction de machines-outilsDictionnaire russe-français universel > конструирование станков
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119 машиностроительный завод
Dictionnaire russe-français universel > машиностроительный завод
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120 машиностроительный цех
adjmech.eng. atelier de construction de machinesDictionnaire russe-français universel > машиностроительный цех
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Construction electrotechnique — Construction électrotechnique La construction de matériel électrique est un domaine industriel particulièrement vaste, qui ne cesse de grandir. Les applications de l électricité, dans notre société industrialisée, sont devenues indispensables à… … Wikipédia en Français
Construction Électrotechnique — La construction de matériel électrique est un domaine industriel particulièrement vaste, qui ne cesse de grandir. Les applications de l électricité, dans notre société industrialisée, sont devenues indispensables à tous les domaines d activités… … Wikipédia en Français
Machines de l'île — Les Machines de l île 47°12′22,11″N 1°33′51,70″O / <span class= geo dec geo title= Cartes, vues aériennes et autres données pour Erreur d’expression : caractère de ponctuation « , » non reconnu Erreur d’expression :… … Wikipédia en Français