-
41 rouleau
1. masculine nouna. ( = bande, cylindre) roll• rouleau de papier/tissu/pellicule roll of paper/material/filmb. ( = outil, ustensile) rollerc. ( = vague) rollerd. ( = saut) roll2. compounds* * *pl rouleaux ʀulo nom masculin1) ( cylindre) roll2) ( grosse vague) breaker, roller3) Agriculture, Technologie roller4) ( bigoudi) roller, curler5) Sportsauter en rouleau — ( en ventral) to straddle; ( en dorsal) to flop
6) ( pour peindre) roller•Phrasal Verbs:••être au bout du rouleau — (colloq) ( nerveusement) to be at the end of one's tether; ( être mourant) to be at death's door
* * *ʀulorouleaux pl nm1) [papier, tissu, pièces de monnaie] rollêtre au bout du rouleau fig (= être exténué) — to be at the end of one's tether, (= être à la fin de sa vie) [personne] to be at death's door
2) (= vague) roller3) SPORT roll4) [machine à écrire] roller5) (à mise en plis, à peinture) roller* * *1 ( cylindre) roll; rouleau de papier hygiénique/d'essuie-tout/de papier peint roll of toilet paper/of paper towels/of wallpaper; ce papier peint fait 15 euros le rouleau this wallpaper is 15 euros a roll; j'ai besoin de trois rouleaux pour refaire la cuisine I need three rolls to do ou paper the kitchen; un rouleau de parchemin/fil électrique/papier aluminium a roll of parchment/electrical cable/tin foil; un rouleau de pièces de monnaie a roll of coins; se vendre au rouleau to be sold by the roll; acheter de la moquette en rouleau to buy a roll of carpet; le revêtement existe en dalles ou en rouleau you can get this covering in tiles or in a roll;2 ( grosse vague) breaker, roller;4 ( bigoudi) roller, curler;5 Sport rouleau ventral straddle (roll); rouleau dorsal flop; sauter en rouleau ( en ventral) to straddle; ( en dorsal) to flop;6 ( pour peindre) roller.rouleau compresseur Tech roadroller, steamroller; fig steamroller; rouleau à pâtisserie Culin rolling pin; étendre la pâte au rouleau roll out the pastry with a rolling pin; rouleau de peintre Tech paintroller; peindre le plafond au rouleau to paint the ceiling with a roller; rouleau de printemps Culin spring roll.être au bout du rouleau○ ( nerveusement) to be at the end of one's tether; ( être mourant) to be at death's door.( pluriel masculin rouleaux) [rulo] nom masculin1. [de papier, de tissu etc.] rollrouleau de parchemin roll ou scroll of parchment2. [outil - de peintre, de jardinier, de relieur] rollerrouleau imprimeur ou encreur (press) cylinder4. CUISINE5. SPORT6. [vague] rollera. (sens propre) [à gazole] roadrollerb. [à vapeur] steamroller -
42 surcharge
surcharge [syʀ∫aʀʒ]feminine nouna. [de véhicule] overloadingb. ( = poids en excédent) excess load ; [de cheval de course] weight handicap• les passagers/marchandises en surcharge the excess passengers/goods* * *syʀʃaʀʒ* * *syʀʃaʀʒ nf1) [passagers, marchandises] excess load2) [détails, ornements] overabundance3) (= correction) alteration4) POSTE surcharge* * *surcharge nf1 ( excédent de poids) excess load, overload; ( fait d'être surchargé) overloading; surcharge pondérale excess weight; une surcharge de 500 kilos an overload of 500 kilos; elle a 20 kilos de bagages en surcharge she has 20 kilos of excess baggage; un navire/véhicule en surcharge an overloaded ship/vehicle; des voyageurs en surcharge excess passengers; rouler en surcharge to drive an overloaded vehicle;2 ( excès) une surcharge de travail an extra load of work; une surcharge de frais extra expenses; il faut éviter la surcharge des programmes scolaires we must avoid overloading the school syllabus;3 ( correction) correction; écrire un mot/chiffre en surcharge to write a word/figure on top of another which has been crossed out;4 ( de timbre-poste) overprint, surcharge.[syrʃarʒ] nom fémininles parents se plaignent de la surcharge des programmes scolaires parents are complaining that the school curriculum is overloaded3. [sur un mot] alteration5. CONSTRUCTION [d'un enduit] overthick coat8. [d'un cheval de course] (weight) handicap————————en surcharge locution adjectivale -
43 intégré
-e объединённый, це́лостный; интегри́рованный spéc.; встро́енный (construction);gestion \intégrée inform. — интегри́рованное управле́ние; un chauffage électrique \intégré — встро́енное электри́ческое отопле́ниеun circuit \intégré électr., — интегра́льная [ми́кро]схе́ма;
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44 tracteur
m тра́ктор ◄pl. -à et тра́кторы►;la construction des tracteur s — произво́дство тра́кторов, тракторострое́ние; un tracteur électrique — электротра́кторune usine de tracteurs — тра́кторный заво́д;
■ adj. тяну́щий [на прице́пе]; букси́рующий -
45 courant admissible, m
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > courant admissible, m
-
46 courant permanent admissible, m
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > courant permanent admissible, m
-
47 ligne de distribution
распределительная линия
Распределительной линией называется линия, питающая ряд ТП от ЦП или РП, или вводы к потребителям.
[РД 34.20.185-94]
распределительная линия
Линия 6—10 кВ, подающая питание на трансформаторные подстанции или (и) на вводы электроустановок потребителей от РП или ЦП.
[ http://www.baurum.ru/_library/?cat=construction-networks&id=3862]EN
distribution line
a line which is used for the distribution of electricity
[IEV number 466-01-14]FR
ligne de distribution
ligne destinée à la distribution de l'énergie électrique
[IEV number 466-01-14]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ligne de distribution
-
48 impédance de protection, f
устройство защитного сопротивления
Компонент или совокупность компонентов, полное сопротивление и конструкция которого(ых) предназначены для ограничения установившегося тока прикосновения и электрического разряда до неопасного уровня.
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]EN
protective impedance device
component or assembly of components whose impedance and construction are intended to limit steady-state touch current and electric charge to non-hazardous levels
[IEV number 826-12-35]FR
impédance de protection, f
composant ou ensemble de composants dont l'impédance et la conception sont telles qu'elles assurent la limitation du courant de contact en régime établi et de la charge électrique à des niveaux non dangereux
[IEV number 826-12-35]Тематики
EN
DE
- Schutzimpedanz, f
FR
- impédance de protection, f
Франко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > impédance de protection, f
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