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  • 1 bellum

    bellum (ante-class. and poet. duel-lum), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.
    I.
    Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:

    bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,

    Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):

    legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

    quae domi duellique male fecisti,

    id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:

    quique agent rem duelli,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:

    aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,

    id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):

    puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,

    Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,

    quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,

    id. 22, 10, 2:

    victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,

    id. 23, 11, 2:

    si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,

    id. 36, 2, 2;

    and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,

    id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:

    hic... Pacem duello miscuit,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:

    cadum Marsi memorem duelli,

    id. ib. 3, 14, 18:

    vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,

    id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]
    II.
    Form bellum.
    A.
    War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).
    1.
    Specifying the enemy.
    a.
    By adjj. denoting the nation:

    omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

    aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,

    id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:

    Britannicum bellum,

    id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

    Gallicum,

    id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

    Germanicum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 28:

    Sabinum,

    Liv. 1, 26, 4:

    Parthicum,

    Vell. 2, 46, 2;

    similarly: bellum piraticum,

    the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:

    Sertorianum bellum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

    Mithridaticum,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

    Jugurthinum,

    Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;

    similarly: bellum regium,

    the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:

    bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

    Asiaticum,

    id. ib. 22, 64:

    Africum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:

    Actiacum,

    Vell. 2, 86, 3:

    Hispaniense,

    id. 2, 55, 2.—
    b.
    With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    Venetorum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 16:

    Helvetiorum,

    id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;

    1, 30: Ambiorigis,

    id. ib. 6, 29, 4:

    Pyrrhi, Philippi,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:

    Samnitium,

    Liv. 7, 29, 2.—
    c.
    With cum and abl. of the name.
    (α).
    Attributively:

    cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

    belli causa cum Samnitibus,

    Liv. 7, 29, 3:

    hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,

    id. 33, 35, 12:

    novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,

    id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—
    (β).
    With cum dependent on the verb:

    quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:

    novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,

    Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—
    d.
    With adversus and acc. of the name.
    (α).
    Attributively:

    bellum adversus Philippum,

    Liv. 31, 1, 8:

    bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,

    id. 8, 29, 6.—
    (β).
    With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:

    ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,

    id. 45, 11, 8:

    bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,

    Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
    e.
    With contra and acc.:

    cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    causam belli contra patriam inferendi,

    id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—
    f.
    With in and acc. (very rare):

    Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,

    Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—
    g.
    With inter and acc.:

    hic finis belli inter Romanos ac Persea fuit,

    Liv. 45, 9, 2.—
    h.
    With apud and acc.:

    secutum est bellum gestum apud Mutinam,

    Nep. Att. 9, 1.—
    k.
    With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—
    2.
    With verbs.
    a.
    Referring to the beginning of the war.
    (α).
    Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:

    summa erat observatio in bello movendo,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:

    bellum commotum a Scapula,

    id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:

    nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,

    Sall. C. 30, 2:

    is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,

    Liv. 1, 53, 2:

    insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,

    id. 4, 58, 6:

    dii pium movere bellum,

    id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,

    concitare,

    Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—
    (β).
    Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:

    cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,

    Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:

    bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,

    Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,

    parare alicui,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:

    bellum terra et mari comparat,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:

    tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:

    bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,

    Liv. 4, 55, 7:

    numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—
    (γ).
    Bellum differre, to postpone a war:

    nec jam poterat bellum differri,

    Liv. 2, 30, 7:

    mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,

    id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—
    (δ).
    Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):

    omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,

    Sall. J. 83, 1:

    prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,

    id. ib. 20, 5:

    de integro bellum sumit,

    id. ib. 62, 9:

    iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,

    Liv. 38, 19, 3:

    sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,

    Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—
    (ε).
    Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:

    bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:

    suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 11, 35:

    judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,

    join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):

    cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,

    undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:

    senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,

    id. 6, 9, 5:

    bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,

    Vell. 2, 3, 3.—
    (ζ).
    Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):

    consensit et senatus bellum,

    Liv. 8, 6, 8:

    bellum erat consensum,

    id. 1, 32, 12.—
    (η).
    Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:

    sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

    populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,

    id. ib.:

    cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?

    id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:

    Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,

    Liv. 5, 26, 3:

    Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,

    id. 6, 22, 6:

    Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,

    id. 7, 23, 2:

    quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:

    cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,

    id. ib. 16, 49:

    hunc toti bello praefecerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:

    alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:

    bellum administrandum permittere,

    id. ib. 21, 61.—
    (θ).
    Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:

    ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,

    Liv. 1, 32, 13:

    Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,

    id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:

    bellum indici posse existimabat,

    Liv. 1, 22, 4:

    ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,

    id. 1, 22, 6:

    ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,

    id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—
    (κ).
    Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:

    Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,

    Cic. Pis. 34, 84:

    ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

    qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:

    bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

    bellum patriae faciet,

    id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:

    civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;

    3, 29: constituit bellum facere,

    Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:

    occupant bellum facere,

    they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:

    ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,

    id. 1, 32, 13:

    populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,

    id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:

    urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—
    (λ).
    Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:

    subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 7:

    aliud multo propius bellum ortum,

    Liv. 1, 14, 4:

    Veiens bellum exortum,

    id. 2, 53, 1.—

    bellum

    (ante-class. and poet.

    duel-lum

    ), i, n. [Sanscr. dva, dvi, dus; cf. Germ. zwei; Engl. two, twice; for the change from initial du- to b-, cf. bis for duis, and v. the letter B, and Varr. L. L. 5, § 73 Mull.; 7, § 49 ib.], war.
    I.
    Form duellum: duellum, bellum, videlicet quod duabus partibus de victoria contendentibus dimicatur. Inde est perduellis, qui pertinaciter retinet bellum, Paul. ex Fest. p. 66, 17 Mull.:

    bellum antea duellum vocatum eo quod duae sunt dimicantium partes... Postea mutata littera dictum bellum,

    Isid. Orig. 18, 1, 9: hos pestis necuit, pars occidit illa duellis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 9, 861 P. (Ann. v. 549 Vahl.):

    legiones reveniunt domum Exstincto duello maximo atque internecatis hostibus,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:

    quae domi duellique male fecisti,

    id. As. 3, 2, 13.—So in archaic style, or in citations from ancient documents:

    quique agent rem duelli,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 21:

    aes atque ferrum, duelli instrumenta,

    id. ib. 2, 18, 45 (translated from the Platonic laws):

    puro pioque duello quaerendas (res) censeo,

    Liv. 1, 32, 12 (quoted from ancient transactions); so,

    quod duellum populo Romano cum Carthaginiensi est,

    id. 22, 10, 2:

    victoriaque duelli populi Romani erit,

    id. 23, 11, 2:

    si duellum quod cum rege Antiocho sumi populus jussit,

    id. 36, 2, 2;

    and from an ancient inscription' duello magno dirimendo, etc.,

    id. 40, 52, 5.— Poet.:

    hic... Pacem duello miscuit,

    Hor. C. 3, 5, 38:

    cadum Marsi memorem duelli,

    id. ib. 3, 14, 18:

    vacuum duellis Janum Quirini clausit,

    id. ib. 4, 15, 8; cf. id. Ep. 1, 2, 7; 2, 1, 254; 2, 2, 98; Ov. F. 6, 201; Juv. 1, 169— [p. 227]
    II.
    Form bellum.
    A.
    War, warfare (abstr.), or a war, the war (concr.), i.e. hostilities between two nations (cf. tumultus).
    1.
    Specifying the enemy.
    a.
    By adjj. denoting the nation:

    omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

    aliquot annis ante secundum Punicum bellum,

    id. Ac. 2, 5, 13:

    Britannicum bellum,

    id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

    Gallicum,

    id. Prov. Cons. 14, 35:

    Germanicum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 28:

    Sabinum,

    Liv. 1, 26, 4:

    Parthicum,

    Vell. 2, 46, 2;

    similarly: bellum piraticum,

    the war against the pirates, Vell. 2, 33, 1.—Sometimes the adj. refers to the leader or king of the enemy:

    Sertorianum bellum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

    Mithridaticum,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 3, 7:

    Jugurthinum,

    Hor. Epod. 9, 23; Vell. 2, 11, 1;

    similarly: bellum regium,

    the war against kings, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50. —Or it refers to the theatre of the war:

    bellum Africanum, Transalpinum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28:

    Asiaticum,

    id. ib. 22, 64:

    Africum,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 32 fin.:

    Actiacum,

    Vell. 2, 86, 3:

    Hispaniense,

    id. 2, 55, 2.—
    b.
    With gen. of the name of the nation or its leader: bellum Latinorum, the Latin war, i. e. against the Latins, Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    Venetorum,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 16:

    Helvetiorum,

    id. ib. 1, 40 fin.;

    1, 30: Ambiorigis,

    id. ib. 6, 29, 4:

    Pyrrhi, Philippi,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 7, 17:

    Samnitium,

    Liv. 7, 29, 2.—
    c.
    With cum and abl. of the name.
    (α).
    Attributively:

    cum Jugurtha, cum Cimbris, cum Teutonis bellum,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 20, 60:

    belli causa cum Samnitibus,

    Liv. 7, 29, 3:

    hunc finem bellum cum Philippo habuit,

    id. 33, 35, 12:

    novum cum Antiocho instabat bellum,

    id. 36, 36, 7; cf. id. 35, 40, 1; 38, 58, 8; 39, 1, 8; 44, 14, 7.—
    (β).
    With cum dependent on the verb:

    quia bellum Aetolis esse dixi cum Aliis,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 59:

    novi consules... duo bella habuere... alterum cum Tiburtibus,

    Liv. 7, 17, 2; esp. with gero, v. 2. b. a infra.—
    d.
    With adversus and acc. of the name.
    (α).
    Attributively:

    bellum adversus Philippum,

    Liv. 31, 1, 8:

    bellum populus adversus Vestinos jussit,

    id. 8, 29, 6.—
    (β).
    With adversus dependent on the verb: quod homines populi Hermunduli adversus populum Romanum bellum fecere, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1: nos pro vobis bellum suscepimus adversus Philippum. Liv. 31, 31, 18:

    ut multo acrius adversus duos quam adversus unum pararet bellum,

    id. 45, 11, 8:

    bellum quod rex adversus Datamem susceperat,

    Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
    e.
    With contra and acc.:

    cum bellum nefarium contra aras et focos, contra vitam fortunasque nostras... non comparari, sed geri jam viderem,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    causam belli contra patriam inferendi,

    id. ib. 2, 22, 53.—
    f.
    With in and acc. (very rare):

    Athenienses in Peloponnesios sexto et vicesimo anno bellum gerentes,

    Nep. Lys. 1, 1.—
    g.
    With inter and acc.:

    hic finis belli inter Romanos ac Persea fuit,

    Liv. 45, 9, 2.—
    h.
    With apud and acc.:

    secutum est bellum gestum apud Mutinam,

    Nep. Att. 9, 1.—
    k.
    With dat. of the enemy after inferre and facere, v. 2. a. k infra.—
    2.
    With verbs.
    a.
    Referring to the beginning of the war.
    (α).
    Bellum movere or commovere, to bring about, stir up a war:

    summa erat observatio in bello movendo,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 37:

    bellum commotum a Scapula,

    id. Fam. 9, 13, 1:

    nuntiabant alii... in Apulia servile bellum moveri,

    Sall. C. 30, 2:

    is primum Volscis bellum in ducentos amplius... annos movit,

    Liv. 1, 53, 2:

    insequenti anno Veiens bellum motum,

    id. 4, 58, 6:

    dii pium movere bellum,

    id. 8, 6, 4; cf. Verg. A. 10, 627; id. G. 1, 509; so,

    concitare,

    Liv. 7, 27, 5; and ciere ( poet.), Verg. A. 1, 541; 6, 829; 12, 158.—
    (β).
    Bellum parare, comparare, apparare, or se praeparare bello, to prepare a war, or for a war:

    cum tam pestiferum bellum pararet,

    Cic. Att. 9, 13, 3:

    bellum utrimque summopere parabatur,

    Liv. 1, 23, 1; cf. id. 45, 11, 8 (v. II. A. 1. d. b supra); Nep. Hann. 2, 6; Quint. 12, 3, 5; Ov. M. 7, 456; so,

    parare alicui,

    Nep. Alcib. 9, 5:

    bellum terra et mari comparat,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 3:

    tantum bellum... Cn. Pompeius extrema hieme apparavit, ineunte vere suscepit, media aestate confecit,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 3, 5:

    bellum omnium consensu apparari coeptum,

    Liv. 4, 55, 7:

    numquam imperator ita paci credit, ut non se praeparet bello,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 26, 2.—
    (γ).
    Bellum differre, to postpone a war:

    nec jam poterat bellum differri,

    Liv. 2, 30, 7:

    mors Hamilcaris et pueritia Hannibalis distulerunt bellum,

    id. 21, 2, 3; cf. id. 5, 5, 3.—
    (δ).
    Bellum sumere, to undertake, begin a war (not in Caesar):

    omne bellum sumi facile, ceterum aegerrume desinere,

    Sall. J. 83, 1:

    prius tamen omnia pati decrevit quam bellum sumere,

    id. ib. 20, 5:

    de integro bellum sumit,

    id. ib. 62, 9:

    iis haec maxima ratio belli sumendi fuerat,

    Liv. 38, 19, 3:

    sumi bellum etiam ab ignavis, strenuissimi cujusque periculo geri,

    Tac. H. 4, 69; cf. id. A. 2, 45; 13, 34; 15, 5; 15, 7; id. Agr. 16.—
    (ε).
    Bellum suscipere (rarely inire), to undertake, commence a war, join in a war:

    bellum ita suscipiatur ut nihil nisi pax quaesita videatur,

    Cic. Off. 1, 23, 80:

    suscipienda quidem bella sunt ob eam causam ut, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 11, 35:

    judicavit a plerisque ignoratione... bellum esse susceptum,

    join, id. Marcell. 5, 13; id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35 (v. supra):

    cum avertisset plebem a suscipiendo bello,

    undertaking, Liv. 4, 58, 14:

    senatui cum Camillo agi placuit ut bellum Etruscum susciperet,

    id. 6, 9, 5:

    bella non causis inita, sed ut eorum merces fuit,

    Vell. 2, 3, 3.—
    (ζ).
    Bellum consentire = bellum consensu decernere, to decree a war by agreement, to ratify a declaration of war (rare):

    consensit et senatus bellum,

    Liv. 8, 6, 8:

    bellum erat consensum,

    id. 1, 32, 12.—
    (η).
    Bellum alicui mandare, committere, decernere, dare, gerendum dare, ad aliquem deferre, or aliquem bello praeficere, praeponere, to assign a war to one as a commander, to give one the chief command in a war:

    sed ne tum quidem populus Romanus ad privatum detulit bellum,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 18:

    populus Romanus consuli... bellum gerendum dedit,

    id. ib.:

    cur non... eidem... hoc quoque bellum regium committamus?

    id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50:

    Camillus cui id bellum mandatum erat,

    Liv. 5, 26, 3:

    Volscum bellum M. Furio extra ordinem decretum,

    id. 6, 22, 6:

    Gallicum bellum Popilio extra ordinem datum,

    id. 7, 23, 2:

    quo die a vobis maritimo bello praepositus est imperator,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 44:

    cum ei (bello) imperatorem praeficere possitis, in quo sit eximia belli scientia,

    id. ib. 16, 49:

    hunc toti bello praefecerunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 11 fin.:

    alicui bellum suscipiendum dare,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 19, 58:

    bellum administrandum permittere,

    id. ib. 21, 61.—
    (θ).
    Bellum indicere alicui, to declare war against (the regular expression; coupled with facere in the ancient formula of the pater patratus), also bellum denuntiare: ob eam rem ego... populo Hermundulo... bellum (in)dico facioque, Cincius ap. Gell. 16, 14, 1:

    ob eam rem ego populusque Romanus populis... Latinis bellum indico facioque,

    Liv. 1, 32, 13:

    Corinthiis bellum indicamus an non?

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    ex quo intellegi potest, nullum bellum esse justum nisi quod aut rebus repetitis geratur, aut denuntiatum ante sit et indictum,

    id. Off. 1, 11, 36; id. Rep. 3, 23, 35:

    bellum indici posse existimabat,

    Liv. 1, 22, 4:

    ni reddantur (res) bellum indicere jussos,

    id. 1, 22, 6:

    ut... nec gererentur solum sed etiam indicerentur bella aliquo ritu, jus... descripsit quo res repetuntur,

    id. 1, 32, 5; cf. id. 1, 32, 9; 2, 18, 11; 2, 38, 5; Verg. A. 7, 616.—
    (κ).
    Bellum inferre alicui (cf. contra aliquem, 1. e. supra; also bellum facere; absol., with dat., or with cum and abl.), to begin a war against ( with), to make war on:

    Denseletis nefarium bellum intulisti,

    Cic. Pis. 34, 84:

    ei civitati bellum indici atque inferri solere,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

    qui sibi Galliaeque bellum intulissent,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Nep. Them. 2, 4; Verg. A. 3, 248:

    bellumne populo Romano Lampsacena civitas facere conabatur?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 31, § 79:

    bellum patriae faciet,

    id. Mil. 23, 63; id. Cat. 3, 9, 22:

    civitatem Eburonum populo Romano bellum facere ausam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 28; cf. id. ib. 7, 2;

    3, 29: constituit bellum facere,

    Sall. C. 26, 5; 24, 2:

    occupant bellum facere,

    they are the first to begin the war, Liv. 1, 14, 4:

    ut bellum cum Priscis Latinis fieret,

    id. 1, 32, 13:

    populus Palaepolitanis bellum fieri jussit,

    id. 8, 22, 8; cf. Nep. Dion, 4, 3; id. Ages. 2, 1.— Coupled with instruere, to sustain a war:

    urbs quae bellum facere atque instruere possit,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 28, 77.—Bellum facere had become obsolete at Seneca's time, Sen. Ep. 114, 17.—
    (λ).
    Bellum oritur or exoritur, a war begins:

    subito bellum in Gallia ex, ortum est,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 7:

    aliud multo propius bellum ortum,

    Liv. 1, 14, 4:

    Veiens bellum exortum,

    id. 2, 53, 1.—
    b.
    Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:

    bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,

    Cic. Sen. 6, 18:

    cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,

    id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

    cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,

    id. Div. 1, 46, 103:

    erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 10:

    bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,

    id. ib. 4, 6:

    Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,

    Sall. C. 16, 5:

    bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,

    Liv. 21, 1, 1:

    alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,

    id. 2, 62, 3:

    de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,

    id. 23, 25, 5:

    Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,

    Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):

    bellum bellare,

    Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);

    in the same sense: bellum agere,

    Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:

    bello persequi aliquem,

    Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—
    (β).
    Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:

    necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    bellum trahi non posse,

    Sall. J. 23, 2:

    belli trahendi causa,

    Liv. 5, 11, 8:

    morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,

    id. 9, 27, 5:

    suadere institui ut bellum duceret,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:

    bellum enim ducetur,

    id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;

    similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?

    Liv. 5, 5, 1.—
    (γ).
    Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:

    bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:

    quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

    Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,

    Liv. 8, 37, 5.—
    c.
    Referring to the end of a war.
    (α).
    Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:

    in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:

    (bellum) cum deponi victores velint,

    Sall. J. 83, 1:

    bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,

    Liv. 31, 1, 8:

    nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,

    id. 31, 31, 19:

    dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,

    Sall. J. 112, 1:

    bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,

    id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:

    velut posito bello,

    Liv. 1, 53, 5:

    manere bellum quod positum simuletur,

    id. 1, 53, 7:

    posito ubique bello,

    Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:

    omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,

    Liv. 2, 14, 5.—
    (β).
    Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:

    timerent ne bellum componeretur,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:

    si bellum compositum foret,

    Sall. J. 97, 2:

    belli componendi licentiam,

    id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;

    similarly: bellum sedare,

    Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
    (γ).
    Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:

    is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:

    bellumque maximum conficies,

    id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:

    confecto Mithridatico bello,

    id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:

    quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;

    4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,

    Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:

    neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,

    Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;

    36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:

    se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),

    id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:

    neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,

    Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—
    d.
    Less usual connections:

    bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:

    alere ac fovere bellum,

    Liv. 42, 11, 5:

    bellum navare alicui,

    Tac. H. 5, 25:

    spargere,

    id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:

    serere,

    Liv. 21, 10, 4:

    circumferre,

    Tac. A. 13, 37:

    exercere,

    id. ib. 6, 31:

    quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:

    bellum ascendit in rupes,

    id. 4, 12, 4:

    bellum serpit in proximos,

    id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:

    bella narrare,

    Cic. Or. 9, 30:

    canere bella,

    Quint. 10, 1, 91:

    bella legere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—
    3.
    As object denoting place or time.
    a.
    Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.
    (α).
    Of the commander:

    consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:

    ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:

    ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,

    Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:

    in bellum,

    Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—
    (β).
    Of persons partaking in a war:

    si proficiscerer ad bellum,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —
    b.
    Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—
    c.
    In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:

    in bella sequi,

    id. ib. 8, 547.—
    d.
    Of time.
    (α).
    In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):

    valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,

    domi duellique,

    id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):

    quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,

    Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:

    paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,

    Sall. J. 41, 7:

    animus belli ingens, domi modicus,

    id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:

    bello domique,

    id. 1, 34, 12:

    domi belloque,

    id. 9, 26, 21; and:

    neque bello, neque domi,

    id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:

    simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.

    Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—
    (β).
    In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:

    ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:

    in ipso bello eadem sensi,

    id. Marcell. 5, 14:

    in Volsco bello virtus enituit,

    Liv. 2, 24, 8:

    in eo bello,

    id. 23, 46, 6:

    in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,

    id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:

    ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:

    qui in bello occiderunt,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

    quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 9, 4:

    non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,

    Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:

    in bello parta,

    Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—
    (γ).
    Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

    bello Italico,

    id. Pis. 36, 87:

    Veienti bello,

    id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

    domestico bello,

    id. Planc. 29, 70:

    qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,

    Liv. 23, 12, 11:

    victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,

    id. 2, 27, 1:

    nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,

    id. 9, 18, 9:

    bello civili,

    Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:

    praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:

    qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,

    Cic. Sest. 26, 57:

    res pace belloque gestas,

    Liv. 2, 1, 1:

    egregieque rebus bello gestis,

    id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:

    ludi bello voti,

    id. 4, 35. 3:

    princeps pace belloque,

    id. 7, 1, 9:

    Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,

    id. 45, 42, 7:

    bello parta,

    Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—
    (δ).
    Inter bellum (rare):

    cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,

    Liv. 2, 14, 2:

    inter haec bella consules... facti,

    id. 2, 63, 1.—
    4.
    Bellum in attributive connection.
    a.
    Justum bellum.
    (α).
    A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):

    justum piumque bellum,

    Liv. 1, 23, 4:

    non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,

    id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—
    (β).
    A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):

    in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,

    Liv. 1, 15, 1.—
    b.
    For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—
    c.
    Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:

    quicunque belli eventus fuisset,

    Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:

    haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,

    Sall. C. 37, 9:

    eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,

    Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:

    exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:

    cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,

    id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:

    Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,

    id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

    cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,

    Liv. 5, 16, 8.—
    d.
    Fortuna belli, the chances of war:

    adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,

    Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—
    e.
    Belli artes, military skill:

    cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,

    Liv. 1, 35, 1:

    haud ignotas belli artes,

    id. 21, 1, 2:

    temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,

    id. 1, 21, 6.—
    f.
    Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:

    in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:

    sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,

    Liv. 5, 27, 6:

    jure belli res vindicatur,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—
    g.
    Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:

    trium simul bellorum victor,

    a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:

    victor tot bellis,

    id. 2, 27, 1). —
    h.
    Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of things concr. and abstr.:

    qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,

    Cic. Dom. 23, 60:

    bellum contra aras et focos,

    id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,

    id. Or. 2, 37, 155:

    ventri Indico bellum,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—
    2.
    Of animals:

    milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

    hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,

    Ov. M. 6, 92.—
    3.
    With individuals:

    quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:

    nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,

    Cic. Lael. 21, 77:

    cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,

    id. Sull. 9, 28:

    hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,

    Liv. 2, 12, 11:

    falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,

    id. 3, 25, 3:

    tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,

    id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:

    equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,

    Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—
    4.
    In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—
    5.
    Personified as god of war ( = Janus):

    tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,

    Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:

    sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,

    Verg. A. 7, 607:

    mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,

    id. ib. 6, 279.—
    6.
    Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):

    permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),

    Ov. M. 12, 24:

    sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,

    Sil. 7, 472:

    quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?

    Stat. Th. 9, 490.—
    7.
    Battle, = proelium:

    rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,

    Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:

    quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,

    Sall. C. 9, 4:

    praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,

    Liv. 8, 10, 7:

    commisso statim bello,

    Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:

    Actia bella,

    Verg. A. 8, 675:

    ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,

    id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —
    8.
    Bellum = liber de bello:

    quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!

    Cic. Sen. 14, 50.
    b.
    Referring to the carrying on of the war: bellum gerere, to carry on a war; absol., with cum and abl., per and acc., or in and abl. (cf.:

    bellum gerere in aliquem, 1. a. and f. supra): nisi forte ego vobis... cessare nunc videor cum bella non gero,

    Cic. Sen. 6, 18:

    cum Celtiberis, cum Cimbris bellum ut cum inimicis gerebatur,

    id. Off. 1, 12, 38:

    cum ei bellum ut cum rege Perse gereret obtigisset,

    id. Div. 1, 46, 103:

    erant hae difficultates belli gerendi,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 10:

    bellum cum Germanis gerere constituit,

    id. ib. 4, 6:

    Cn. Pompeius in extremis terris bellum gerebat,

    Sall. C. 16, 5:

    bellum quod Hannibale duce Carthaginienses cum populo Romano gessere,

    Liv. 21, 1, 1:

    alter consul in Sabinis bellum gessit,

    id. 2, 62, 3:

    de exercitibus per quos id bellum gereretur,

    id. 23, 25, 5:

    Chabrias bella in Aegypto sua sponte gessit,

    Nep. Chabr, 2, 1.—Sometimes bellum administrare only of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 15, 43; Nep. Chabr. 2, 1. —Also (very rare):

    bellum bellare,

    Liv. 8, 40, 1 (but belligerantes is absol., Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38; Ann. v. 201 Vahl.);

    in the same sense: bellum agere,

    Nep. Hann. 8, 3. —As a synonym:

    bello persequi aliquem,

    Nep. Con. 4, 1; cf. Liv. 3, 25, 3.—
    (β).
    Trahere or ducere bellum, to protract a war:

    necesse est enim aut trahi id bellum, aut, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    bellum trahi non posse,

    Sall. J. 23, 2:

    belli trahendi causa,

    Liv. 5, 11, 8:

    morae qua trahebant bellum paenitebat,

    id. 9, 27, 5:

    suadere institui ut bellum duceret,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 2:

    bellum enim ducetur,

    id. ad Brut. 1, 18, 6; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; id. Dat. 8, 4;

    similarly: cum his molliter et per dilationes bellum geri oportet?

    Liv. 5, 5, 1.—
    (γ).
    Bellum repellere, defendere, or propulsare, to ward off, defend one ' s self against a war:

    bellum Gallicum C. Caesare imperatore gestum est, antea tantummodo repulsum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32:

    quod bellum non intulerit sed defenderit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 44:

    Samnitium vix a se ipsis eo tempore propulsantium bellum,

    Liv. 8, 37, 5.—
    c.
    Referring to the end of a war.
    (α).
    Bellum deponere, ponere, or omittere, to give up, discontinue a war:

    in quo (i.e. bello) et gerendo et deponendo jus ut plurimum valeret lege sanximus,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 14, 34:

    (bellum) cum deponi victores velint,

    Sall. J. 83, 1:

    bellum decem ferme annis ante depositum erat,

    Liv. 31, 1, 8:

    nos depositum a vobis bellum et ipsi omisimus,

    id. 31, 31, 19:

    dicit posse condicionibus bellum poni,

    Sall. J. 112, 1:

    bellum grave cum Etruria positum est,

    id. H. Fragm. 1, 9 Dietsch:

    velut posito bello,

    Liv. 1, 53, 5:

    manere bellum quod positum simuletur,

    id. 1, 53, 7:

    posito ubique bello,

    Tac. H. 2, 52; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 93; Verg. A. 1, 291:

    omisso Romano bello Porsinna filium Arruntem Ariciam... mittit,

    Liv. 2, 14, 5.—
    (β).
    Bellum componere, to end a war by agreement, make peace:

    timerent ne bellum componeretur,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:

    si bellum compositum foret,

    Sall. J. 97, 2:

    belli componendi licentiam,

    id. ib. 103, 3; cf. Nep. Ham. 1, 5; id. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Verg. A. 12, 109;

    similarly: bellum sedare,

    Nep. Dat. 8, 5.—
    (γ).
    Bellum conficere, perficere, finire, to finish, end a war; conficere (the most usual term) and perficere, = to finish a war by conquering; finire (rare), without implying success:

    is bellum confecerit qui Antonium oppresserit,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 12, 2:

    bellumque maximum conficies,

    id. Rep. 6, 11, 11:

    confecto Mithridatico bello,

    id. Prov. Cons. 11, 27; cf. id. Fam. 5, 10, 3; id. Imp. Pomp. 14, 42:

    quo proelio... bellum Venetorum confectum est,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 1, 30; 1, 44; 1, 54; 3, 28;

    4, 16: bello confecto de Rhodiis consultum est,

    Sall. C. 51, 5; cf. id. J. 36, 1; 114, 3:

    neminem nisi bello confecto pecuniam petiturum esse,

    Liv. 24, 18, 11; cf. id. 21, 40, 11; 23, 6, 2; 31, 47, 4; 32, 32, 6;

    36, 2, 3: bello perfecto,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 18, 5; Liv. 1, 38, 3:

    se quo die hostem vidisset perfecturum (i. e. bellum),

    id. 22, 38, 7; 31, 4, 2; cf. id. 3, 24, 1; 34, 6, 12; Just. 5, 2, 11:

    neque desiturum ante... quam finitum aliqua tolerabili condicione bellum videro,

    Liv. 23, 12, 10: finito ex maxima parte.. [p. 228] italico bello, Vell. 2, 17, 1; Curt. 3, 1, 9; Tac. A. 15, 17; Just. 16, 2, 6; 24, 1, 8; Verg. A. 11, 116.—
    d.
    Less usual connections:

    bellum delere: non modo praesentia sed etiam futura bella delevit,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 11; cf. Nep. Alcib. 8, 4:

    alere ac fovere bellum,

    Liv. 42, 11, 5:

    bellum navare alicui,

    Tac. H. 5, 25:

    spargere,

    id. A. 3, 21; id. Agr. 38; Luc. 2, 682:

    serere,

    Liv. 21, 10, 4:

    circumferre,

    Tac. A. 13, 37:

    exercere,

    id. ib. 6, 31:

    quam celeriter belli impetus navigavit ( = quam celeriter navale bellum gestum est),

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34; so Flor. 2, 2, 17:

    bellum ascendit in rupes,

    id. 4, 12, 4:

    bellum serpit in proximos,

    id. 2, 9, 4; cf. id. 2, 2, 15:

    bella narrare,

    Cic. Or. 9, 30:

    canere bella,

    Quint. 10, 1, 91:

    bella legere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28.—
    3.
    As object denoting place or time.
    a.
    Proficisci ad bellum, to depart for the war.
    (α).
    Of the commander:

    consul sortitu ad bellum profectus,

    Cic. Phil. 14, 2, 4; cf. id. Cat. 1, 13, 33:

    ipse ad bellum Ambiorigis profectus,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 29, 4:

    ut duo ex tribunis ad bellum proficiscerentur,

    Liv. 4, 45, 7; cf. id. 6, 2, 9: Nep. Alcib. 4, 1; Sall. H. 2, 96 Dietsch. —Post-class.:

    in bellum,

    Just. 2, 11, 9; Gell. 17, 9, 8.—
    (β).
    Of persons partaking in a war:

    si proficiscerer ad bellum,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 1. —
    b.
    Ad bellum mittere, of the commander, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 17, 50; 21, 62.—
    c.
    In bella ruere, Verg. A. 7, 782; 9, 182:

    in bella sequi,

    id. ib. 8, 547.—
    d.
    Of time.
    (α).
    In the locative case belli, in war, during war; generally with domi ( = domi militiaeque):

    valete, judices justissimi, domi bellique duellatores,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 68; so,

    domi duellique,

    id. As. 3, 2, 13 (v. I. supra):

    quibuscunque rebus vel belli vel domi poterunt rem publicam augeant,

    Cic. Off. 2, 24, 85:

    paucorum arbitrio belli domique agitabatur,

    Sall. J. 41, 7:

    animus belli ingens, domi modicus,

    id. ib. 63, 2; Liv. 2, 50, 11; 1, 36, 6; so id. 3, 43, 1; cf.:

    bello domique,

    id. 1, 34, 12:

    domi belloque,

    id. 9, 26, 21; and:

    neque bello, neque domi,

    id. 4, 35, 3.—Without domi:

    simul rem et gloriam armis belli repperi,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 60 (where belli may be taken with gloriam; cf.

    Wagn. ad loc.): magnae res temporibus illis a fortissimis viris... belli gerebantur,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 86.—
    (β).
    In bello or in bellis, during war or wars, in the war, in the wars; with adj.:

    ad haec quae in civili bello fecerit,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47; cf. id. ib. 14, 8, 22:

    in ipso bello eadem sensi,

    id. Marcell. 5, 14:

    in Volsco bello virtus enituit,

    Liv. 2, 24, 8:

    in eo bello,

    id. 23, 46, 6:

    in Punicis bellis, Plin.8, 14, 14, § 37: in bello Trojano,

    id. 30, 1, 2, § 5.—Without adj.:

    ut fit in bello, capitur alter filius,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 25:

    qui in bello occiderunt,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 5, 2:

    quod in bello saepius vindicatum est in eos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 9, 4:

    non in bello solum, sed etiam in pace,

    Liv. 1, 15, 8; 2, 23, 2:

    in bello parta,

    Quint. 5, 10, 42; 12, 1, 28.—
    (γ).
    Abl. bello or bellis = in bello or in bellis (freq.); with adjj.: nos semper omnibus Punicis Siciliensibusque bellis amicitiam fidemque populi Romani secuti sumus. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 47, § 124:

    bello Italico,

    id. Pis. 36, 87:

    Veienti bello,

    id. Div. 1, 44, 100:

    domestico bello,

    id. Planc. 29, 70:

    qui Volsco, Aurunco Sabinoque militassent bello,

    Liv. 23, 12, 11:

    victor tot intra paucos dies bellis,

    id. 2, 27, 1:

    nullo bello, multis tamen proeliis victus,

    id. 9, 18, 9:

    bello civili,

    Quint. 11, 1, 36.—With gen.:

    praesentiam saepe divi suam declarant, ut et apud Regillum bello Latinorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 2, 6:

    suam felicitatem Helvetiorum bello esse perspectam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40.—Without attrib.:

    qui etiam bello victis regibus regna reddere consuevit,

    Cic. Sest. 26, 57:

    res pace belloque gestas,

    Liv. 2, 1, 1:

    egregieque rebus bello gestis,

    id. 1, 33, 9; so id. 23, 12, 11:

    ludi bello voti,

    id. 4, 35. 3:

    princeps pace belloque,

    id. 7, 1, 9:

    Cotyn bello juvisse Persea,

    id. 45, 42, 7:

    bello parta,

    Quint. 5, 10, 15; cf. id. 7, 4, 22; Ov. M. 8, 19.—
    (δ).
    Inter bellum (rare):

    cujus originis morem necesse est... inter bellum natum esse,

    Liv. 2, 14, 2:

    inter haec bella consules... facti,

    id. 2, 63, 1.—
    4.
    Bellum in attributive connection.
    a.
    Justum bellum.
    (α).
    A righteous war, Cic. Off. 1, 11, 36 (v. II. A. 2. a. th supra):

    justum piumque bellum,

    Liv. 1, 23, 4:

    non loquor apud recusantem justa bella populum,

    id. 7, 30, 17; so Ov. M. 8, 58; cf.: illa injusta sunt bella quae sine causa suscepta sunt, Cic. Rep. 3, 23, 35.—
    (β).
    A regular war (opp. a raid, etc.):

    in fines Romanos excucurrerunt, populabundi magis quam justi more belli,

    Liv. 1, 15, 1.—
    b.
    For the different kinds of war: domesticum, civile, intestinum, externum, navale, maritimum, terra marique gestum, servile, sociale; v. hh. vv.—
    c.
    Belli eventus or exitus, the result of a war:

    quicunque belli eventus fuisset,

    Cic. Marcell. 8, 24:

    haud sane alio animo belli eventum exspectabant,

    Sall. C. 37, 9:

    eventus tamen belli minus miserabilem dimicationem fecit,

    Liv. 1, 23, 2; cf. id. 7, 11, 1:

    exitus hujus calamitosissimi belli,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 21, 1:

    cum esset incertus exitus et anceps fortuna belli,

    id. Marcell. 5, 15; so id. Off. 2, 8,:

    Britannici belli exitus exspectatur,

    id. Att. 4, 16, 13:

    cetera bella maximeque Veiens incerti exitus erant,

    Liv. 5, 16, 8.—
    d.
    Fortuna belli, the chances of war:

    adeo varia fortuna belli ancepsque Mars fuit ut,

    Liv. 21, 1, 2; cf. Cic. Marcell. 5, 15 (v. c. supra).—
    e.
    Belli artes, military skill:

    cuilibet superiorum regum belli pacisque et artibus et gloria par,

    Liv. 1, 35, 1:

    haud ignotas belli artes,

    id. 21, 1, 2:

    temperata et belli et pacis artibus erat civitas,

    id. 1, 21, 6.—
    f.
    Jus belli, the law of war: jura belli, the rights ( law) of war:

    in re publica maxime servanda sunt jura belli,

    Cic. Off. 1, 11, 34:

    sunt et belli sicut pacis jura,

    Liv. 5, 27, 6:

    jure belli res vindicatur,

    Gai. Inst. 3, 94.—
    g.
    Belli duces praestantissimos, the most excellent captains, generals, Cic. Or. 1, 2, 7:

    trium simul bellorum victor,

    a victor in three wars, Liv. 6, 4, 1 (cf.:

    victor tot bellis,

    id. 2, 27, 1). —
    h.
    Belli vulnera, Cic. Marcell. 8, 24.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Of things concr. and abstr.:

    qui parietibus, qui tectis, qui columnis ac postibus meis... bellum intulistis,

    Cic. Dom. 23, 60:

    bellum contra aras et focos,

    id. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    miror cur philosophiae... bellum indixeris,

    id. Or. 2, 37, 155:

    ventri Indico bellum,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 8.—
    2.
    Of animals:

    milvo est quoddam bellum quasi naturale cum corvo,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 49, 125:

    hanc Juno Esse jussit gruem, populisque suis indicere bellum,

    Ov. M. 6, 92.—
    3.
    With individuals:

    quid mihi opu'st... cum eis gerere bellum, etc.,

    Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 14:

    nihil turpius quam cum eo bellum gerere quicum familiariter vixeris,

    Cic. Lael. 21, 77:

    cum mihi uni cum improbis aeternum videam bellum susceptum,

    id. Sull. 9, 28:

    hoc tibi juventus Romana indicimus bellum,

    Liv. 2, 12, 11:

    falsum testem justo ac pio bello persequebatur,

    id. 3, 25, 3:

    tribunicium domi bellum patres territat,

    id. 3, 24, 1; cf. Plin. Ep. 1, 2, 57.—Ironically:

    equus Trojanus qui tot invictos viros muliebre bellum gerentes tulerit ac texerit,

    Cic. Cael. 28, 67.—
    4.
    In mal. part., Hor. C. 3, 26, 3; 4, 1, 2.—
    5.
    Personified as god of war ( = Janus):

    tabulas duas quae Belli faciem pictam habent,

    Plin. 35, 4, 10, § 27:

    sunt geminae Belli portae, etc.,

    Verg. A. 7, 607:

    mortiferumque averso in limine Bellum,

    id. ib. 6, 279.—
    6.
    Plur.: bella, army ( poet.):

    permanet Aonius Nereus violentus in undis, Bellaque non transfert (i.e. Graecorum exercitum),

    Ov. M. 12, 24:

    sed victae fera bella deae vexere per aequora,

    Sil. 7, 472:

    quid faciat bellis obsessus et undis?

    Stat. Th. 9, 490.—
    7.
    Battle, = proelium:

    rorarii dicti a rore: qui bellum committebant ante,

    Varr. L. L. 7, 3, 92:

    quod in bello saepius vindicatum in eos qui... tardius, revocati, bello excesserant,

    Sall. C. 9, 4:

    praecipua laus ejus belli penes consules fuit,

    Liv. 8, 10, 7:

    commisso statim bello,

    Front. Strat. 1, 11, 2:

    Actia bella,

    Verg. A. 8, 675:

    ingentem pugnam, ceu cetera nusquam Bella forent,

    id. ib. 2, 439; cf. Flor. 3, 5, 11; Just. 2, 12; 18, 1 fin.; 24, 8; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 98 (form duellum); Ov. H. 1, 1, 69; Verg. A. 8, 547; 12, 390; 12, 633; Stat. Th. 3, 666. —
    8.
    Bellum = liber de bello:

    quam gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius!

    Cic. Sen. 14, 50.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > bellum

  • 2 conficio

    confĭcĭo, fēci, fectum, 3 ( perf. subj. confexim, Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 39; in pass., besides the regular form conficior, freq., but not in Cic., in acc. with fīo, fieri:

    confit,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 7; Lucr. 4, 291; Col. 2, 15, 1; Plin. 6, 23, 26, § 103; 31, 7, 40, § 83; Macr. S. 1, 14, 13; id. Somn. Scip. 2, 3; 1, 2:

    confiunt,

    Lucr. 4, 738; Arn. 7, 219:

    confiat,

    Col. 1, 8, 12; Lucr. 4, 929 Lachm.: confiant, Imp. Leo, Cod. 2, 7, 11: confieret, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 15, A, 3; 9, 7, A, 1; Liv. 5, 50, 7:

    confierent,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Arn. 2, 73:

    confieri,

    Lucr. 2, 1069; 5, 889; Caes. B. G. 7, 58; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 5, 1; Verg. A. 4, 116; v. Forbig. ad loc.; Tac. A. 15, 59; cf. Neue, Formenl. II. p. 611), v. a. [facio].
    I.
    To make a thing completely ready, to make, prepare, bring about, complete, accomplish, execute, etc. (except in Quint., freq. in all periods and species of composition).
    A.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen.:

    nisi cottidiano sesquiopus confeceris,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 67; cf.

    pensum,

    id. Merc. 2, 3, 81; id. Pers. 2, 4, 1:

    eme lanam, unde pallium conficiatur,

    id. Mil. 3, 1, 93; cf.:

    anulum, pallium, soccos suā manu,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 127:

    vestem,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 26, § 59; Suet. Aug. 73:

    ligna ad fornacem,

    to make ready, prepare for, Cato, R. R. 16; cf.:

    conficere atque contexere villos ovium,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158:

    aurum et argentum,

    Plin. 35, 12, 45, § 157:

    frumenta (with molere),

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 191:

    tabulas litteris Graecis,

    to write, draw up, Caes. B. G. 1, 29; [p. 413] cf.:

    libros Graeco sermone,

    to compose, write, Nep. Hann. 13, 2;

    and librum Graece,

    id. Att. 18, 6:

    tabulas,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 23, § 60:

    orationes,

    Nep. Cato, 3, 3:

    illam partem superiorem orationis,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 28, 121:

    nuptias,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 22; Suet. Claud. 26:

    bellum,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 54; Sall. C. 51, 5; Vatin. ap. Cic. Fam. 5, 10, 3; Liv. 21, 40, 11; so,

    duella,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 254 al.; cf.

    proelium,

    Sall. C. 61, 1:

    tantum facinus,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 28, 76; cf.

    caedem,

    Nep. Dion, 10, 1:

    legitima quaedam,

    id. Phoc. 4, 2:

    residua diurni actus,

    Suet. Aug. 78:

    mandata,

    Cic. Planc. 11, 28; id. Phil. 9, 3, 6; id. Q. Fr. 2, 12 (14), 3; Sall. J. 12, 4:

    omnibus rebus magnā curā, multā operā et labore confectis,

    Cic. Att. 16, 16, B, 8:

    ad eas res conficiendas biennium sibi satis esse ducere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

    negotium,

    id. B. C. 1, 29; Cic. Att. 1, 16, 5:

    quibus rebus confectis,

    Sall. C. 46, 1; Nep. Pelop. 3, 3; Caes. B. G. 1, 13:

    confecto legationis officio,

    id. B. C. 3, 103.—
    2.
    Esp.
    a.
    In the lang. of business, to settle, close a bargain, finish, etc.; absol.:

    tu cum Apellā Chio confice de columnis,

    Cic. Att. 12, 19, 1:

    quod si mihi permisisses, confecissem cum coheredibus,

    id. Fam. 7, 2, 1:

    de Acutiliano negotio quod mihi mandaras... confeceram,

    id. Att. 1, 5, 4.—
    b.
    Of space or distance traversed, to pass over, accomplish, traverse, go over, make, accomplish:

    iter,

    Cic. Att. 4, 14, 2; Caes. B. G. 2, 12; Nep. Ages. 4, 4 al.; cf.:

    tertiam partem itineris,

    id. Eum. 8, 6; and poet.:

    nos immensum spatiis confecimus aequor,

    Verg. G. 2, 541:

    cursum,

    Cic. Att. 5, 12, 1; Verg. A. 5, 362:

    cursum vitae,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 1, 2:

    cursus annuos conficit sol,

    id. N. D. 1, 31, 87; 2, 20, 52:

    longam viam,

    id. Sen. 2, 6:

    celeritate incredibili longissimas vias,

    Suet. Caes. 57.—Rarely of space occupied:

    tecta facturi, ut mille passuum conficiatur,

    Cic. Att. 4, 16, 8 (14).—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    In gen., to produce, cause, make, bring about, effect:

    sollicitudines mihi,

    Ter. And. 4, 1, 26:

    geminas nuptias,

    id. ib. 4, 1, 50; cf.:

    aliquid mali gnato,

    id. Heaut. 5, 3, 1:

    pacem,

    id. ib. 5, 2, 45:

    motus animorum,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 79, 324.—With two accs.:

    animum auditoris mitem et misericordem,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 55, 106:

    reditum alicui,

    to procure, id. Fam. 9, 13, 4.—Also absol., to be efficient, to accomplish a direct result, be an active cause (philos. t. t.):

    aliae causae ipsae conficiunt, aliae vim aliquam ad conficiendum afferunt,

    Cic. Part. Or. 26, 93.—
    2.
    Of time, to complete, finish, end, spend, pass:

    cum sexaginta annos confecerit,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 38, 92:

    centum annos,

    id. Or. 52, 176:

    diem,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 78:

    tum denique judicetur beatusne fuerit, cum extremum vitae diem morte confecerit,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 76:

    annuum tempus,

    id. Att. 15, 15, 4:

    omnem vitae suae cursum in labore corporis atque in animi contentione (just before: ut in amore et voluptatibus adulescentiam suam collocaret),

    id. Cael. 17, 39:

    annuum munus,

    id. Fam. 2, 12, 1:

    biennium,

    id. Quint. 12, 40:

    suas horas (somnus),

    Sil. 4, 89:

    aequinoctium,

    Col. 2, 8, 2; cf.

    brumam,

    id. 9, 14, 12; Plin. 18, 26, 63, § 232:

    commissum ac profligatum bellum,

    Liv. 8, 25, 5; Flor. 2, 15, 2.—
    3.
    In philos. lang., to bring forward as proved, to show, deduce:

    conclusio est, quae ex eis quae ante dicta sunt, conficit, quid necessario consequatur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 30, 41 fin.; Cic. Inv. 1, 31, 53; hence, conficior, to follow logically (from something), to be deduced; with ex:

    cum id perspicuum sit, quod conficiatur ex ratiocinatione,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 40, 72; so Quint. 5, 14, 9; 5, 14, 22; 9, 4, 69; and absol., Cic. Inv. 1, 47, 87 al.—
    II.
    Transf., to diminish, lessen, weaken an object; to sweep away, destroy, kill, wear out, consume.
    A.
    Prop.:

    dentes intimi escas conficiunt,

    grind, Cic. N. D. 2, 54, 134; so Liv. 2, 32, 10; Plin. 11, 37, 61, § 160; cf.

    cibos,

    to digest, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 137; Plin. 11, 37, 68, § 180 al.:

    ignes Conficerent vulgo silvas, arbusta cremarent,

    Lucr. 1, 905; cf.:

    conficere, omnia igni, frigore,

    id. 1, 536:

    patrimonium suum (corresp. with dissipare),

    Cic. Fl. 36, 90:

    sapiens si fame ipse conficiatur... vir bonus, ne ipse frigore conficiatur, etc.,

    id. Off. 3, 6, 29.—With acc. and inf.:

    ipse conficior venisse tempus cum possim, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 10, 18, 3:

    nihil est opere et manu factum, quod non conficiat et consumat vetustas,

    id. Marcell. 4, 11: quae vetustas est, quae vim divinam conficere possit? id. Div. 2, 57, 117.—In part. perf.: sicut fortis equus... senio confectu' quiescit, impaired, weakened, Enn. ap. Cic. Sen. 5, 14;

    and so very freq.: confectus senectute,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 7, 21:

    aetate,

    Sall. J. 9, 4; Cat. 68, 119:

    aevo,

    Verg. A. 11, 85:

    senectā, Ov M. 6, 37: cum corporis morbo tum animi dolore,

    Cic. Mur. 40, 86; cf. id. Fin. 1, 12, 41; id. Att. 11, 11, 1:

    multis gravibusque vulneribus,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25; 3, 5; Sall. J. 60, 7:

    curā,

    Ter. And. 2, 1, 4:

    dolore,

    Cat. 65, 1.—Without abl.:

    ut fessos confectosque aggrediantur,

    exhausted, Liv. 1, 23, 9; cf.:

    confectus et saucius,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    artus,

    Lucr. 3, 947:

    ego te hic hac offatim conficiam,

    to cut in pieces, Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 52:

    Athenienses,

    to subdue, Nep. Lys. 1, 1; so,

    provinciam,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 37, 111; Liv. 26, 21, 2; 28, 28, 7; 40, 28, 8; 41, 12, 3; cf. Cic. Imp. Pomp. 10, 28; Liv. 27, 5, 3; 40, 35, 4:

    duos hostium exercitus,

    id. 2, 40, 13:

    me (sica illa) paene confecit,

    killed, Cic. Mil. 14, 37:

    alterum Curiatium,

    Liv. 1, 25, 10; cf.

    saucium,

    id. 42, 16, 1:

    Caligulam vulneribus triginta,

    Suet. Calig. 58:

    maximam vim serpentium (ibes),

    Cic. N. D. 1, 36, 101;

    so of the killing of animals,

    Suet. Claud. 21; id. Dom. 19; Lampr. Com. 13 al.; cf. confector, II.;

    and in mal. part.,

    Suet. Ner. 29 (v. the passage in its connection).—
    B.
    Trop.:

    conficere aliquem verbis,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 49:

    (captivos) omnibus notis ignominiisque,

    Liv. 22, 61, 9:

    lectio non cruda sed multa iteratione mollita et velut confecta,

    Quint. 10, 1, 19:

    sidus confectum,

    its influence has ceased, it has set, Plin. 16, 23, 36, § 87; 18, 25, 57, § 207.—
    III.
    In gen., to prepare, provide, procure, to bring together, = colligo:

    virginem, Quam amabat, eam confeci sine molestiā,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 6 Ruhnk.; so,

    centurias,

    to secure their votes, Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 5, 18; cf.:

    suam tribum necessariis suis,

    Cic. Planc. 18, 45:

    hortos mihi,

    id. Att. 12, 37, 2:

    bibliothecam,

    id. ib. 1, 7 fin.:

    exercitum difficili rei publicae tempore,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 21, 61:

    exercitus maximos,

    id. Att. 8, 11, 2; cf.:

    armata milia centum,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

    (serpentum) magnam multitudinem (just before, colligere),

    Nep. Hann. 10, 5:

    erat ei de ratiunculā apud me pauxillulum nummorum, id ut conficerem: confeci,

    Ter. Phorm. 1, 1, 4:

    permagnam pecuniam ex illā re,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 52, § 138; cf.:

    conficiendae pecuniae rationes,

    id. Fl. 9, 20.—Hence, confĭcĭ-ens, entis, P. a. (acc. to I.), effecting, causing, producing, efficient (rare, and only in Cic.):

    causae,

    Cic. Part. Or. 26, 93: corporis bonorum conficientia (tha tôn agathôn poiêtika), productive of physical good, id. Fin. 5, 27, 81 Madv.:

    civitas conficientissima litterarum,

    very carefully noting down every thing, id. Fl. 19, 44.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conficio

  • 3 cursus

    cursus, ūs, m. [id.], a running ( on foot, on a horse, chariot, ship, etc.), a course, way, march, passage, voyage, journey, etc. (very freq.).
    I.
    Lit.
    1.
    Of living beings:

    ingressus, cursus, accubitio, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 34, 94:

    ibi cursu, luctando... sese exercebant,

    Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 24; cf. id. Most. 1, 2, 73, and Hor. A. P. 412:

    quique pedum cursu valet, etc.,

    Verg. A. 5, 67:

    cursu superare canem,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 51:

    milites cursu exanimati,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 23:

    huc magno cursu intenderunt,

    at full speed, id. ib. 3, 19:

    magno cursu concitatus,

    id. B. C. 1, 70:

    cursu incitatus,

    id. ib. 1, 79; 3, 46; Auct. B. Alex. 20; cf.:

    in cursu esse,

    Cic. Att. 5, 16, 1; cf. II. fin. infra:

    strictis gladiis cursu in hostem feruntur,

    advance at a run, Liv. 9, 13, 2:

    effuso cursu,

    id. 2, 50, 6:

    eo cursu proripere, ut, etc.,

    id. 24, 26, 12; 31, 21, 6:

    eo cursu, Auct. B. Alex 30: eodem cursu contendere,

    right onward, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; cf. id. B. G. 6, 67: citato cursu. Just. 11, 15, 2:

    cursus in Graeciam per tuam provinciam,

    Cic. Att. 10, 4, 10:

    quis umquam tam brevi tempore tot loca adire, tantos cursus conficere potuit?

    id. Imp. Pomp. 12, 34:

    (terrae) tuis non dicam cursibus, sed victoriis lustratae sunt,

    id. ib. 2, 5:

    agmen cursūs magis quam itineris modo ducit,

    Curt. 5, 13, 5; 6, 1, 12; Just. 15, 3, 11; 11, 8, 2:

    Miltiades cursum direxit, quo tendebat,

    Nep. Milt. 1, 6; Vell. 2, 19, 4; 1, 4, 1:

    Ulixi per mare,

    Hor. C. 1, 6, 7:

    iterare cursus relictos,

    id. ib. 1, 34, 4:

    Naxon, ait Liber, cursus advertite vestros,

    Ov. M. 3, 636 et saep.; cf. B.: cursum per [p. 504] auras Derigere, Verg. A. 6, 194; so of flying, Ov. M. 2, 838; 4, 787 al.—
    b.
    Cursum tenere (in a march or on shipboard), to hold one's course, to maintain a direct course:

    equites cursum tenere atque insulam capere non potuerant,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 26 fin.:

    Dionysius cum secundissimo vento cursum teneret,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 34, 83; Caes. B. G. 5, 8; cf. 2. b. —
    2.
    Of inanimate objects:

    solis cursus lunaeque meatus Expediam,

    Lucr. 5, 77; cf. id. 5, 772 al.:

    lunae,

    id. 5, 629; cf. id. 5, 630:

    stellarum,

    Cic. Rep. 6, 17, 17:

    neque clara suo percurrere fulmina cursu Perpetuo possint,

    Lucr. 1, 1003:

    si lacus emissus lapsu et cursu suo ad mare profluxisset,

    Cic. Div. 1, 44, 100; so of the course or flow of a stream, Ov. M. 1, 282; 9, 18; Plin. 5, 24, 20, § 85:

    longarum navium,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 8; cf. Cic. Mur. 15, 33; id. Off. 3, 12, 50 al.:

    Aquilonis et Austri,

    Lucr. 5, 688; cf. id. 6, 302:

    menstrui,

    Plin. 11, 39, 94, § 230:

    quadripertiti venarum,

    id. 16, 39, 76, § 195 et saep.—
    b.
    Cursum tenere, as supra, 1. b.:

    tanta tempestas subito coorta est, ut nulla earum (navium) cursum tenere posset,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 28.—
    B.
    Meton.
    1.
    Cursum exspectare, to wait for a fair wind (lit. for a passage), Cic. Att. 5, 8, 1.—
    2.
    (Abstr. pro concr.) Cursus publici, in the time of the emperors, posts or relays divided into stations, for the speedy transmission of information upon state affairs, Cod. Just. 12, 51; Cod. Th. 8, 5; Inscr. Orell. 3181; 3329; cf.

    . equi publici,

    Amm. 14, 6, 16:

    vehicula publica,

    id. 21, 13, 7:

    cursus vehicularius,

    Capitol. Ant. P. 12, 3:

    vehicularis,

    Dig. 50, 4, 18, § 4:

    cursus fiscalis,

    Spart. Had. 7; v. Suet. Aug. 49.—
    II.
    Trop. (freq. in Cic. and Quint.), a course, progress, direction, way:

    qui cursus rerum, qui exitus futurus sit,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 2, 3; cf. Tac. H. 4, 34; id. Agr. 39:

    implicari aliquo certo genere cursuque vivendi,

    Cic. Off. 1, 32, 117:

    vitae brevis cursus, gloriae sempiternus,

    id. Sest. 21, 47:

    reliquus vitae cursus,

    id. Phil. 2, 19, 47:

    totius vitae cursum videre,

    id. Off. 1, 4, 11:

    omnem vitae suae cursum conficere,

    id. Cael. 17, 39:

    in omni vitae cursu optimum visum est, ut, etc.,

    Macr. S. 1, 2, 3:

    temporum,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 5, 2:

    tuorum honorum,

    id. ib. 3, 11, 2; cf. Tac. H. 1, 48:

    continuus proeliorum,

    id. Agr. 27 al.:

    cursus vocis per omnis sonos,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 61, 227:

    cursus verborum,

    id. ib. 1, 35, 161; so of the motion or flow of discourse, etc., id. Part. Or. 15, 52; Quint. 8, prooem. § 27;

    9, 4, 70: cursus hic et sonus rotundae volubilisque sententiae,

    Gell. 11, 13, 4:

    quem enim cursum industria mea tenere potuisset sine forensibus causis, etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 4, 11; cf. id. Or. 1, 4:

    nos in eodem cursu fuimus a Sullā dictatore ad eosdem fere consules,

    id. Brut. 96, 328; so,

    esse in cursu,

    to go on, continue, Ov. M. 13, 508; id. F. 6, 362.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > cursus

  • 4 iter

    ĭter, ĭtĭnĕris (archaic forms: nom. ĭtĭner, Enn. Pac. Att. Varr. ap. Non. 482, 20; Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 72; Lucr. 6, 339; Mart. Cap. 9, § 897.— Gen. iteris, Naev. ap. Prisc. p. 695 P.; id. ap. Non. 485, 3; Jul. Hyg. ap. Charis. p. 108 P.; also, iteneris, Lex Agr., C. I. L. 1, 200, 26.— Abl. itere, Att. and Varr. ap. Non. 485, 8; Lucr. 5, 653), n. [for itiner, from īre, ĭtum], a going, a walk, way.
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    dicam in itinere,

    on the way, as we go along, Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 34:

    hoc ipsa in itinere dum narrat,

    id. Heaut. 2, 3, 30:

    huc quia habebas iter,

    Plaut. As. 2, 3, 6:

    iter illi saepius in forum,

    Plin. Pan. 77:

    in diversum iter equi concitati,

    Liv. 1, 28. — Hence,
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    A going to a distant place, a journey; and of an army, a march:

    cum illi iter instaret et subitum et longum,

    Cic. Att. 13, 23, 1; 3, 2 init.:

    ut in itinere copia frumenti suppeteret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 3:

    qui eo itineris causa convenerant,

    id. ib. 7, 55:

    sine ullo maleficio iter per provinciam facere,

    id. ib. 1, 7:

    in ipso itinere confligere,

    Liv. 29, 36, 4; Nep. Eum. 8, 1; Hirt. B. G. 8, 27, 5; Just. 11, 15, 4:

    Catilina ex itinere plerisque consularibus litteras mittit,

    Sall. C. 34, 2:

    committere se itineri,

    Cic. Phil. 12, 10:

    ingredi pedibus,

    id. de Sen. 10:

    conficere pulverulentā viā,

    id. Att. 5, 14:

    iter mihi est Lanuvium,

    id. Mil. 10:

    iter habere Capuam,

    id. Att. 8, 11:

    facere in Apuliam,

    id. ib.:

    agere,

    Dig. 47, 5, 6; Salv. Gub. Dei, 1, 9: contendere iter, to hasten one ' s journey, Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97; so,

    intendere,

    Liv. 21, 29:

    maturare,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 63:

    properare,

    Tac. H. 3, 40:

    conficere,

    Cic. Att. 5, 14, 1; 4, 14, 2; id. Vatin. 5, 12:

    constituere,

    to determine upon, id. Att. 3, 1 init.:

    urgere,

    Ov. F. 6, 520: convertere in aliquem locum, to direct one ' s journey to a certain place, Caes. B. G. 7, 56: dirigere ad Mutinam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 11:

    agere in aliquam partem,

    Ov. M. 2, 715: flectere, to change one ' s course, Verg. A. 7, 35:

    convertere,

    to direct, Cic. Att. 3, 3:

    facere,

    id. ib. 8, 11, C; Nep. Pel. 2, 5; Suet. Ner. 30 fin.; id. Aug. 64:

    comparare,

    to prepare for a journey, Nep. Alc. 10; Claud. Eutr. 2, 97:

    supprimere,

    to stop, break off, Caes. B. C. 1, 66:

    retro vertere,

    Liv. 28, 3:

    ferre per medium mare,

    Verg. A. 7, 810:

    ferre Inachias urbes,

    Stat. Th. 1, 326:

    continuare die ac nocte,

    to march day and night, Caes. B. C. 3, 36:

    desistere itinere,

    id. B. G. 5, 11:

    coeptum dimittere,

    Ov. M. 2, 598:

    frangere,

    Stat. Th. 12, 232:

    impedire,

    Ov. H. 21, 74:

    instituere,

    Hor. C. 3, 27, 5:

    peragere,

    Verg. A. 6, 381; Hor. S. 2, 6, 99; Ov. F. 1, 188:

    rumpere,

    Hor. C. 3, 27, 5:

    itinere prohibere aliquem,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 9:

    ex itinere redire,

    Cic. Att. 15, 24; Suet. Tit. 5:

    revertere,

    Cic. Div. 1, 15, 26:

    Boii ex itinere nostros adgressi,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 25, 6:

    tutum alicui praestare,

    Cic. Planc. 41.—
    2.
    Iter terrestre, iter pedestre, a journey by land, a land route (not ante-Aug.):

    iter terrestre facturus,

    Just. 12, 10, 7:

    inde terrestri itinere frumentum advehere,

    Tac. H. 4, 35:

    terrestri itinere ducere legiones,

    Liv. 30, 36, 3; 44, 1, 4; Curt. 9, 10, 2:

    pedestri itinere confecto,

    Suet. Claud. 17:

    pedestri itinere Romam pervenire,

    Liv. 36, 21, 6; 37, 45, 2; Amm. 31, 11, 6.—
    3.
    A journey, a march, considered as a measure of distance: cum abessem ab Amano iter unius diei, a day ' s journey, Cic. Fam. 15, 4:

    cum dierum iter quadraginta processerit,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 24: quam maximis itineribus potest in Galliam contendit, by making each day ' s journey as long as possible, i. e. forced marches, id. ib. 1, 7:

    magnis diurnis nocturnisque itineribus contendere,

    id. ib. 1, 38:

    itinera multo majora fugiens quam ego sequens,

    making greater marches in his flight, Brut. ad Cic. Fam. 11, 13.— Hence, justum iter diei, a day's march of a proper length:

    confecto justo itinere ejus diei,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 76. —
    4.
    The place in which one goes, travels, etc., a way, passage, path, road: qua ibant ab itu iter appellarant, Varr. L. L. 5, § 35 Müll.; cf.

    5, § 22: itineribus deviis proticisci in provinciam,

    Cic. Att. 14, 10:

    erant omnino itinera duo, quibus itineribus domo exire possent,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 6:

    pedestria itinera concisa aestuariis,

    id. ib. 3, 9:

    patefacere alicui iter in aliquem locum,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 11:

    in diversum iter equi concitati,

    Liv. 1, 28:

    ut deviis itineribus milites duceret,

    Nep. Eum. 3, 5:

    itinere devio per ignorantiam locorum retardati,

    Suet. Galb. 20:

    exercitum per insidiosa itinera ducere,

    id. Caes. 58:

    qua rectum iter in Persidem ducebat,

    Curt. 13, 11, 19:

    ferro aperire,

    Sall. C. 58, 7:

    fodiendo, substruendo iter facere,

    Dig. 8, 1, 10.— Of the corridors in houses, Vitr. 6, 9.—Of any passage:

    iter urinae,

    the urethra, Cels. 7, 25:

    iter vocis,

    Verg. A. 7, 534:

    itinera aquae,

    Col. 8, 17: carpere iter, to pursue a journey:

    Rubos fessi pervenimus utpote longum carpentes iter,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 95:

    non utile carpis iter,

    Ov. M. 2, 550: alicui iter claudere, to block one ' s way, close the way for him:

    ne suus hoc illis clauserit auctor iter,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 6; id. F. 1, 272; id. M. 14, 793: iter ingredi, to enter on a way or road, Suet. Caes. 31:

    iter patefacere,

    to open a way, Caes. B. G. 3, 1.—
    5.
    A privilege or legal right of going to a place, the right of way:

    aquaeductus, haustus, iter, actus a patre sumitur,

    Cic. Caecin. 26, 74:

    negat se posse iter ulli per provinciam dare,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 8, 3; cf. Dig. 8, 3, 1, § 1; 8, 3, 7; 12.—
    II.
    Trop., a way, course, custom, method of a person or thing:

    patiamur illum ire nostris itineribus,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3:

    verum iter gloriae,

    id. Phil. 1, 14, 33:

    videmus naturam suo quodam itinere ad ultimum pervenire,

    id. N. D. 2, 13, 35:

    iter amoris nostri et officii mei,

    id. Att. 4, 2, 1:

    salutis,

    Verg. A. 2, 387:

    fecit iter sceleri,

    Ov. M. 15, 106:

    labi per iter declive senectae,

    id. ib. 15, 227:

    vitae diversum iter ingredi,

    Juv. 7, 172:

    duo itinera audendi,

    Tac. H. 4, 49:

    novis et exquisitis eloquentiae itineribus opus est,

    id. Or. 19:

    pronum ad honores,

    Plin. Ep. 8, 10 fin.; cf.:

    novum ad principatum,

    id. Pan. 7, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > iter

  • 5 sacer

    săcer, sā̆cra, sā̆crum (ante-class. collat. form sacer, sacris, sacre; plur.:

    sacres porci,

    Plaut. Men. 2, 2, 16; id. Rud. 4, 6, 4; Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 20; 4, 16; sing. acc.: sacrem porcum, Fest. s. h. v. p. 318 Müll.), adj. [root sa-; Gr. saos, sôos, safe; whence Lat. sānus], dedicated or consecrated to a divinity, holy, sacred, = hieros (cf.: sanctus, augustus): Gallus Aelius ait, sacrum esse quocumque modo atque instituto civitatis consecratum sit, sive aedis, sive ara, sive signum, sive locus, sive pecunia, sive quid aliud quod dis dedicatum atque consecratum sit, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.; cf.:

    quicquid destinatum est diis, sacrum vocatur,

    Macr. S. 3, 7:

    sacrae (res) sunt quae diis superis consecratae sunt: religiosae quae diis manibus relictae sunt,

    Gai. Inst. 2, 3.
    I.
    In gen.
    (α).
    Absol.:

    quicquam (opp. profanum),

    Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 27; id. Trin. 2, 2, 8; cf.:

    aedificiis omnibus, publicis privatis sacris profanis, sic pepercit, etc.,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54, § 129; so,

    locus sacer et profanus,

    id. Inv. 1, 26, 38; Auct. Her. 2, 4, 7; Quint. 5, 10, 38:

    miscebis sacra profanis,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 54; id. A. P. 397; Nep. Them. 6, 5; Sall. C. 11, 6:

    villae signis et tabulis refertae partim publicis partim etiam sacris et religiosis,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 13, 31; so (with religiosus) id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127; Suet. Tib. 61:

    mores autem rapere properant quā sacrum quā puplicum,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 37:

    (legum) genera sunt tria, sacri, publici, privati juris,

    Quint. 2, 4, 33; cf. in the sup.:

    deprecor hoc unum per jura sacerrima lecti,

    Ov. H. 9, 159:

    aedes,

    Plaut. Am. 4, 1, 5; Cic. Fam. 13, 11, 1; Quint. 4, 2, 8; Ov. M. 14, 315:

    lucus late sacer,

    Verg. A. 5, 761:

    arvum Martis,

    Ov. M. 7, 101:

    ara,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 1, 20:

    aurum,

    Liv. 5, 50; cf.

    pecunia (opp. privata),

    Quint. 4, 2, 8:

    arma,

    Liv. 24, 21:

    tus,

    Ov. M. 14, 130:

    sanguis (of the sacrificial victim),

    Cat. 68, 75:

    ales (so called from its use in augury),

    Verg. A. 11, 721:

    luces (with profestae),

    Hor. C. 4, 15, 25; cf.

    dies (with religiosus),

    Suet. Tib. 61:

    tempus,

    Hor. C. S. 4:

    commissum,

    a crime against religion, Cic. Leg. 2, 9 et saep.— Poet.: vitis (as sacred to Bacchus), Enn. ap. Charis. p. 214 P. (Trag. v. 149 Vahl.); Hor. C. 1, 18, 1; so,

    laurus,

    id. ib. 3, 4, 18; Verg. A. 7, 60:

    robur,

    Ov. M. 8, 752:

    aqua,

    Hor. C. 1, 1, 22:

    fontes,

    Ov. M. 2, 464; Verg. E. 1, 53:

    focus,

    Hor. Epod. 2, 43:

    Tarentum,

    id. C. 1, 28, 29:

    fines,

    Sil. 3, 501; cf.

    montes (the Alps, because not to be ascended by men),

    id. 4, 70;

    vates (because dedicated to Apollo),

    Hor. C. 4, 9, 28; Tib. 2, 5, 113; cf.:

    sacer interpresque deorum Orpheus,

    Hor. A. P. 391;

    and (for sanctus) of the divinity itself: Vesta,

    Prop. 3, 4 (4, 3), 11; so,

    Cybebe,

    id. 3 (4), 22, 3 (but in Liv. 3, 19: ut sacrosancti habeantur, quibus ipsi dii neque sacri neque sancti sunt, so used only on account of the lusus verbb. with sacrosancti;

    v. the context).—Sacer Mons,

    a hill about three miles from Rome, beyond the Anio, and on the right of the Via Nomentana, to which the Roman people retired during their controversy with the Senate, Liv. 2, 32; 3, 52; Cic. Rep. 2, 37, 63; id. Brut. 14, 54:

    os sacrum, quod imum ventrem sustinet,

    Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4: Sacra Via, or ( poet.) Sacer Clivus, a street in Rome leading from the Forum to the Capitol, Cic. Planc. 7, 17; id. Att. 4, 3, 3; Hor. S. 1, 9, 1; id. C. 4, 2, 35; Mart. 1, 70, 5;

    v. also via, I. A. 2.: sacer morbus,

    the epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4:

    sacer lapis,

    a stone landmark, a mere-stone, Liv. 41, 13: os sacrum, anatom. t. t., = Gr. hieron osteon, the lowest bone of the spine, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4, 24:

    litterae sacrae (eccl. Lat.),

    the Scriptures, Vulg. 2 Tim. 3, 15.—For its combinations with ignis, via, etc., v. those words.—
    (β).
    With gen. (class.):

    ego te sacram coronam surripuisse scio Jovis,

    Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 38; so,

    urna Veneris,

    id. Rud. 2, 5, 16 (for which:

    urna Veneria,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 18):

    Dianae celebris dies,

    Hor. C. 2, 12, 20:

    sepulcrum Batti veteris,

    Cat. 7, 6; cf. Plin. 8, 21, 31, § 76.—As a predicate: terra, ut focus domiciliorum, sacra deorum omnium est (a transl. of the Platon. Gê hiera pantôn theôn), Cic. Leg. 2, 18, 45:

    illa insula (sc. Delos) eorum deorum sacra putatur,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 18, § 48.—
    (γ).
    With dat. (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; cf.

    infra, II. A.): sacra Jovi quercus,

    Ov. M. 7, 623:

    esculus Jovi sacra,

    Plin. 16, 4, 5, § 11:

    Nymphis cervus,

    Ov. M. 10, 109:

    Cereri Polyphoetes (as a priest),

    Verg. A. 6, 484:

    pugionem templo Salutis detraxerat gestabatque velut magno operi sacrum,

    Tac. A. 15, 53:

    cupressus Diti sacra,

    Plin. 16, 33, 60, § 139:

    aesculus Jovi,

    id. 16, 4, 5, § 11.—As a predicate:

    Jani mensis, Qui sacer est imis Manibus,

    Ov. F. 2, 52, quercus antiqua, quae erat Marti sacra, Suet. Vesp. 5 (al. sacrata).—
    B.
    Transf., in gen., holy, sacred, awful, venerable (not till after the Aug. per., and very rare):

    silentium,

    Hor. C. 2, 13, 29:

    laedere amantes,

    Prop. 3, 16 (4, 15), 11:

    lingua (Ciceronis),

    Mart. 5, 69, 7:

    Maro,

    id. 8. 56, 3:

    quaedam patris memoria,

    Quint. 11, 1, 59:

    O sacer et magnus vatum labor,

    Luc. 9, 983:

    heu sacri vatum errores,

    Sil. 8, 100.—So used of the emperors;

    disapproved of by Tiberius: (Tiberius) alium dicentem sacras ejus occupationes verba mutare et pro sacris laboriosas dicere coëgit,

    Suet. Tib. 27.—But soon after Tiberius in general use:

    auris Caesaris,

    Mart. 7, 99, 4:

    sacri lateris custos,

    id. 6, 76, 1:

    apud aures sacras mentitus est,

    Amm. 28, 6, 26 (cf.:

    se Imperatori mentitum,

    id. 28, 6, 26, § 21); and hence, for ecclesiastical: domus, comitatus, scrinia, largitiones, etc., in the law books et saep.
    II.
    In partic., with a bad accessory signif., devoted to a divinity for destruction, forfeited; and absol., accursed, criminal, impious, wicked.
    (α).
    With dat.: si quisquam aliuta faxit, ipsos Jovi sacer esto, Lex Numae ap. Fest. p. 6 Müll.; cf.: ut caput ejus Jovi sacrum esset, an ancient plebiscitum ap. Liv. 3, 55, 7:

    non alienum videtur, de condicione eorum hominum referre, quos leges sacros esse certis diis jubent, quod, cum cetera sacra violari nefas sit, hominem sacrum jus fuerit occidi, etc.,

    Macr. S. 3, 7.—
    (β).
    Absol.: homo sacer is est, quem populus judicavit ob maleficium; neque fas est eum immolari; sed qui occidit, parricidii non damnatur. Nam lege tribuniciā primā cavetur: si quis eum, qui eo plebei scito sacer sit, occiderit, parricida ne sit. Ex quo quivis homo malus atque improbus sacer appellari solet, Fest. s. v. sacer mons, p. 318 Müll.: PATRONVS SI CLIENTI FRAVDEM FECERIT SACER ESTO, LEX XII. Tab. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 6, 609;

    in imitation: uter aedilis fuerit, etc.... is intestabilis et sacer esto,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 181:

    eum, qui cuiquam nocuerit, sacrum sanciri,

    Liv. 3, 55.—
    B.
    Transf., in gen., accursed, execrable, detestable, horrible, infamous, etc. (only poet. and in post-Aug. prose).
    a.
    Of persons:

    ego sum malus, Ego sum sacer, scelestus,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 6, 14; Afran. ap. Non. 397, 22 (with malus); Lucil. ib. 397, 27.— Sup., Plaut. Most. 4, 2, 67:

    homo sacerrimus,

    id. Poen. prol. 90; id. Rud. 1, 2, 69; Turp. ap. Non. 397, 29 (with pessimus). —
    b.
    Of things: sacerrimum domicilium, Turp. ap. Non. 397, 30:

    di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum,

    Cat. 14, 12:

    hircus alarum,

    id. 71, 1:

    auri fames,

    Verg. A. 3, 57 (for which:

    aurum fame,

    Plin. 33, 1, 3, § 6:

    venenum (Medeae),

    Val. Fl. 7, 165:

    nox,

    id. 8, 25:

    arma metu,

    id. 4, 185; cf.

    pavor,

    id. 1, 798:

    insania,

    Stat. Th. 10, 804:

    morbus,

    i. e. epilepsy, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4.—With dat.:

    ut immerentis fluxit in terram Remi Sacer nepotibus cruor,

    Hor. Epod. 7, 20.— Comp. and adv. do not appear (as for the comp. v. Varr. L. L. 8, § 77 Müll.).—Hence, subst.: sā̆crum, i, n., something consecrated; a holy or sacred thing, a sacred vessel or utensil; a sanctuary, a temple; a religious act, a sacrifice, etc.; in plur. in gen., sacred rites, religious worship, religion (both of the State and of single races and families; and even of individuals; v. infra, b; class.; most freq. in plur.).
    A.
    Lit.
    (α).
    Sing.:

    sacrum sacrove commendatum qui cleperit rapsitque parricida esto,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22:

    ubi sacro manus sis admolitus,

    Plaut. As. 3, 2, 24:

    omne sacrum rapiente dextrā,

    Hor. C. 3, 3, 52:

    metuens velut contingere sacrum,

    id. S. 2, 3, 110:

    apud Cluacinae sacrum,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 10; Quint. 1, 4, 6:

    Minervae,

    Dict. Cret. 5, 12 fin.:

    theatrum veluti quoddam illius sacri templum vocabimus,

    Quint. 3, 8, 29: [p. 1611] quae (sacerdos Cereris) Graecum illud sacrum monstraret et faceret, Cic. Balb. 24, 55:

    sacrum Herculi facere,

    Liv. 1, 7:

    facere Junoni,

    Prop. 4 (5), 9, 43:

    facto per Magos sacro,

    Suet. Ner. 34:

    sollemne sacrum conficere,

    Flor. 1, 13, 16:

    ita se habet sacrum (Suovetaurilia),

    Quint. 1, 5, 67:

    arma lecta conici in acervum jussit consul sacrumque id Vulcano cremavit,

    Liv. 41, 12:

    sacrum piaculare fieri,

    id. 29, 19:

    sollemne Apollinis sacrum,

    Suet. Aug. 94; Ov. M. 12, 33:

    pyrā sacri sub imagine factā,

    id. ib. 14, 80:

    nec de lucernā fas est accendi sacrum,

    Phaedr. 4, 11, 13:

    neve initianto, nisi ut assolet, Cereri, Graeco sacro,

    according to the Grecian rites, Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 21; cf.:

    vetabo, qui Cereris sacrum Vulgarit arcanae,

    Hor. C. 3, 2, 26:

    morientibus operire (oculos) rursusque in rogo patefacere, Quiritium ritu sacrum est,

    Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 150:

    in sacro est,

    id. 18, 12, 30, § 118.—
    (β).
    Plur.: sacra deosque penates.. ex aedibus suis eripuisse dixit, sacred vessels or utensils, holy things, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 5, § 13; cf. Liv. 5, 40:

    sacra omnia proferre, Auct. B. Alex. 32, 3: portabant canistris,

    Ov. M. 2, 713:

    Troïa,

    Tib. 2, 5, 40:

    velut qui Junonis sacra ferret,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 11; cf.

    of the same,

    Verg. A. 2, 293; 2, 717 Heyne; Ov. F. 1, 527; id. H. 7, 80; 7, 158:

    cumque suis penetralia sacris,

    i. e. the images of the gods, Penates, id. M. 1, 287:

    jactata aequoribus sacra,

    Hor. C.4,4,54:

    pueri Sacra canunt,

    sacred songs, Verg. A. 2, 239; cf. Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

    sacra ordine in mensā Penatium deorum Ponuntur,

    sacred gifts, offerings, Naev. B. Pun. 1, 11:

    neve ulla vitiorum sacra sollemnia obeunto,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    sicut in sollemnibus sacris fieri consuevit,

    Sall. C. 22, 2:

    qui (Mercurius) sacris anniversariis coleretur,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 39, § 84 (for which:

    sacrificiis anniversariis colebatur,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 57, §

    128: sacris e principum numero pontifices quinque praefecit,

    id. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

    (Romulus) sacra diis aliis Albano ritu, Graeco Herculi facit,

    Liv. 1, 7; cf.:

    sacra Jovi facturus erat,

    Ov. M. 3, 26:

    sacra Jovi Stygio Perficere,

    Verg. A. 4, 638:

    ipse (Numa) plurima sacra obibat,

    Liv. 1, 20:

    densi circumstant sacra ministri,

    Ov. M. 2, 717:

    arcana sacra,

    Hor. Epod. 5, 52; Ov. M. 10, 436:

    fera,

    id. ib. 13, 454:

    nefanda,

    id. ib. 10, 228:

    mystica,

    id. H. 2, 42:

    horrida,

    Sil. 3, 140:

    veneranda,

    id. 7, 382:

    casta,

    Stat. Achill. 1, 370.
    a.
    Divine worship or religion in gen.: publica sacra, quae publico sumptu pro populo fiunt, quaeque pro montibus, pagis, curiis, sacellis: at privata, quae pro singulis hominibus, familiis, gentibus fiunt, Fest. pp. 244 and 245 Müll.; Liv. 5, 52:

    quo foedere (Romulus) et Sabinos in civitatem ascivit, sacris communicatis,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 7, 13:

    quod per populum errari fas non erat propter religionem sacrorum,

    id. Agr. 2, 7, 18; so,

    religio sacrorum,

    id. Fl. 28, 69:

    sacra Cereris conficere,

    id. Balb. 24, 55; so,

    Cereris,

    Hor. S. 2, 8, 14 (cf. supra, a fin.):

    Eleusina,

    Suet. Claud. 23:

    Junonis,

    Hor. S. 1, 3, 11:

    Orphica,

    rites, solemnity, festival, Cic. N. D. 3, 23, 58:

    Bacchia,

    Ov. M. 3, 518:

    trieterica Bacchi,

    id. ib. 6, 587:

    Dianae,

    id. ib. 7, 94;

    15, 489: Isidis,

    Suet. Oth. 12 et saep.—
    b.
    The private religious rites of a gens, a family, etc. (observed by the Romans with the greatest care):

    sacra privata perpetua manento,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 9, 22; cf. id. ib. 2, 19, 47:

    an gentilicia sacra ne in bello quidem intermitti, publica sacra et Romanos deos etiam in pace deseri placet?

    Liv. 5, 52:

    ut ne morte patris familias sacrorum memoria occideret,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 19, 48:

    docebant (antiqui) tribus modis sacris adstringi,

    id. ib. 2, 20, 49:

    magnum est eadem habere monumenta majorum, eisdem uti sacris, sepulcra habere communia,

    id. Off. 1, 17, 55; cf.:

    ut qui natus sit, ignoret, cujus sanguinis, quorum sacrorum sit,

    Liv. 4,2:

    sacra interire illi (majores) noluerunt,

    Cic. Mur. 12, 27:

    sacrorum alienatio,

    id. Or. 42, 144 (v. alienatio); cf. sing.:

    sacrum familiare,

    Macr. S. 1, 16:

    nuptialia,

    marriage solemnities, Quint. 1, 7, 28;

    called also jugalia,

    Ov. M. 7, 700; cf. respecting the sacra privata of the Romans, Savigny, in his Zeitschr. 2, p. 397 sq.—
    c.
    Poet., poems (as sacred to the Muses):

    mihi jam puero caelestia sacra placebant, Inque suum furtim Musa trahebat opus,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 19:

    vatum,

    Pers. prol. 7:

    Maronis,

    Mart. 7, 63, 5. —
    2.
    Prov.
    a.
    Inter sacrum saxumque stare, to stand between the victim and the knife, i. e. to be between the door and the wall, to be in great straits, Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 84; cf.:

    inter sacrum et saxum positus,

    App. M. 11, p. 271 fin. —
    b.
    Hereditas sine sacris, i. e. a great profit without trouble, = a rose without thorns, meat without bone, etc. (because the keeping up of the sacra privata was attended with great expense), Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 8, and id. Trin. 2, 4, 83; cf. Fest. p. 290 Müll.—
    B.
    Transf., in gen. (the figure being borrowed from secret religious rites), in plur.: sacra, secrets, mysteries (not till after the Aug. period, and very rare):

    sacra tori coitusque novos referebam,

    Ov. M. 7, 709:

    peregisse mihi videor sacra tradentium artes,

    Quint. 5, 14, 27 (cf.:

    omnes fere, qui legem dicendi, quasi quaedam mysteria, tradiderunt,

    id. 5, 13, 60):

    litterarum colere,

    id. 10, 1, 92:

    studiorum profanare,

    Tac. Or. 11.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > sacer

  • 6 bellum

        bellum old and poet. duellum, ī, n    [DVA-, DVI-], war. — Form duellum: agere rem duelli, C. (lex): purum piumque, L. (old record): victoria duelli, L. (oracle): Pacem duello miscuit, H. — Form bellum: Germanicum, against the Germans, Cs.: Sabinum, L.: regium, against kings: civile, Cs.: Helvetiorum, against the H., Cs.: Pyrrhi: cum Iugurthā: cum Samnitibus, L.: adversus Vestinos, L.: contra patriam: in Peloponnesios gerere, N.: in Asia gerere: gerere apud Mutinam, N.: civitati bellum indicere: patriae facere: parare, L.: parare alcui, against, N.: decernere alicui: indicere, L.: facere alicui: sumere, to undertake, S.: facere atque instruere, carry on: difficultates belli gerendi, Cs.: Hannibale duce gerere, L.: trahere, to protract, L.: bellum non inferre, sed defendere, not aggressive but defensive, Cs.: deponere, to discontinue, S.: velut posito bello, L.: positis bellis, V.: componere, to end by treaty, S.: sedare, N.: conficere, to end successfully: finire, to terminate, L.: futura bella delere, make impossible: legere, to read about: consentire, to ratify a declaration of war, L.: ad privatum deferre, to give the command in: mandare alcui, L.: alcui bellum gerendum dare: bello imperatorem praeficere: alqm ad bellum mittere: ad bellum proficisci: bellum in Galliā coortum est, broke out, Cs.: exortum, L.: spargi bellum nequibat, be waged by detachments, Ta. — In expressions of time, manner, etc.—Belli ( loc. case), in war, during war: magnae res belli gerebantur; usu. with domi: belli domique, S.: vel belli vel domi: in bello, in war-time, L.: in civili bello: in Volsco bello, L.: bello Romanorum: res bello gestae, during war, L.: res pace belloque gestae, L.: princeps pace belloque, L.: bello d<*>ique, L.: omnibus Punicis bellis: victor tot intra paucos dies bellis, L.: mos inter bellum natus, L.: iustum, righteous, L.; also, regular warfare (opp. populabundi more), L.: belli eventus, the result: belli exitus: bella incerti exitūs, indecisive, L.: fortuna belli, the chances of war, L.: varia, L.: belli artes, military skill, L.: iura belli, the law of war: genus belli, the character of the war. — Meton., of animals or things, war: parietibus bellum inferre: philosophiae... bellum indicere: ventri Indico bellum, H.: miluo est bellum cum corvo.—A feud, private hostility: cum eo bellum gerere quicum vixeris: hoc tibi iuventus Romana indicimus bellum, L.—Personified (for Ianus): sunt geminae Belli portae, etc., V.: Belli postes portasque, H.— Plur, an army: Nereus Bella non transfert, O. — Battle: bello excedere, S.: laus eius belli, L.: Actia bella, V. — A history of a war: gaudebat Bello suo Punico Naevius.
    * * *
    war, warfare; battle, combat, fight; (at/in) (the) war(s); military force, arms

    Latin-English dictionary > bellum

  • 7 caerimōnia (caere-)

        caerimōnia (caere-) ae, f    [1 CER-], a religious usage, sacred rite, religious ceremony: maximae: legationis caerimoniam polluere: ludos cum caerimoniā facere: caelestes, L.: eorum gravissima, Cs.: libri caerimoniarum, the ritual, Ta.— Meton., a holy dread, awe, reverence, veneration (expressed in forms): sacra summā caerimoniā conficere.—Sacredness, sanctity: legationis.

    Latin-English dictionary > caerimōnia (caere-)

  • 8 cōnficiō

        cōnficiō fēcī, fectus, ere    [com- + facio], to make ready, make, prepare, bring about, complete, accomplish, execute, consummate, fulfil: soccos suā manu: vestem: tabulae litteris Graecis confectae, written, Cs.: libri Graeco sermone confecti, composed, N.: librum Graece, N.: tabulas, to keep accounts: nuptias, T.: bello confecto, ended, S.: duella, H.: facinus: caedem, N.: mandata brevi, S.: spes conficiendi negotii, Cs.: quibus rebus confectis, S.—To settle, close, finish: cum Apellā de columnis: de negotio.—To pass over, accomplish, traverse, go over, make: magno itinere confecto, Cs.: iter anno, N.: ubi confecti cursūs, V.: inmensum spatiis aequor, V.: tecta facturi, ut mille passuum conficiatur, covered.—To diminish, lessen, weaken, sweep away, destroy, kill, subdue, wear out, consume: Atheniensīs, N.: provincias: exercitūs, L.: me (sica) paene confecit, killed: dentes escas conficiunt, grind: cibum, L.: cibos, to digest: fame confici: patrimonium: suam rem. —P. perf., impaired, weakened, overcome, reduced, exhausted: equus senio, Enn. ap. C.: aetate, S.: aevo, V.: malis res p.: volneribus, Cs.: curā, T.: confectus et saucius: (captivos) ignominiis, worn out, L.—To prepare, provide, procure, bring together: tribum necessariis suis, the votes of: armata milia centum, Cs.: pauxillulum nummorum, T.: pecuniam ex illā re: conficiendae pecuniae rationes.—Fig., to produce, cause, make, bring about, effect: aliquid gnato mali, T.: motūs animorum: animum mitem, render: causae conficiunt, are efficient.—Of time, to complete, finish, end, spend, pass: sexaginta annos: noctis partem ibi: hieme confectā, Cs.: vitae cursum.—To show, deduce: ex alquā re alqd: ex quo conficitur, ut, etc.: id quod conficiatur ex ratiocinatione; see also confio.
    * * *
    conficere, confeci, confectus V TRANS
    make, construct; prepare, complete, accomplish; cause; perform; do thoroughly; compose; amass, collect; raise (troops); traverse; eat up, consume; expend; finish off; kill, dispatch; defeat finally, subdue/reduce/pacify; chop/cut up

    Latin-English dictionary > cōnficiō

  • 9 cursus

        cursus ūs, m    [1 CEL-], a running, course, way, march, passage, voyage, journey: cursum quom institeris, T.: navium, Cs.: ingressus, cursus, accubitio: cursu cum aequalibus certare, S.: cursu contingere metam, H.: se cursu miratur in ipso, O.: quique pedum cursu valet, V.: huc magno cursu intenderunt, at full speed, Cs.: cursu Troas agebat, V.: cursu in hostem feruntur, advance at a run, L.: cursum in medios dedit, rushed, V.: effuso cursu, L.: eodem cursu contendere, right onward, Cs.: tam brevi tempore tantos cursūs conficere: cursum direxit, quo tendebat, N.: iterare cursūs relictos, H.: Hunc morem cursūs docuit, sort of race, V.: Cursibus decernere, in racing, V.: Quo cursu deserta petiverit, flight, V.: in hoc medio cursu, i. e. half-way across, Cs.: secundissimo vento cursum tenere.—Of things, a course, way, flow: stellarum: mutata suos flumina cursūs, movement, V.: Cursibus obliquis fluens, O. — A passage: cursum exspectare, i. e. a fair wind.—Poet.: et vi cursus in altum Vela vocet, V.—Fig., a course, progress, direction, way, passage, access, succession: rerum: vitae: quem dederat cursum fortuna, V.: temporum: continuus proeliorum, Ta.: vocis per omnīs sonos: invectus contexere cursu, i. e. in a breath, Iu.: In cursu meus dolor est, i. e. is permanent, O.: recto depellere cursu, from virtue, H.
    * * *
    running; speed/zeal; charge, onrush; forward movement/march; revolution (wheel); course/direction, line of advance, orbit; voyage/passage; race; career; series; lesson

    Latin-English dictionary > cursus

  • 10 dōs

        dōs ōtis, f    [1 DA-], a marriage portion, dowry: dos est Decem talenta, T.: filiae nubili dotem conficere: uxorem cum dote pecunia donat, H.— Poet.: Pauperiem sine dote quaero, espouse, H. — Plur: quaesitae sanguine, V.— A gift, present, offering, endowment, talent, quality: artem verborum dote locupletasti: dotem, quam in civilibus malis acceperant: Coniugi, a wedding present, O.: Dos est magna parentium Virtus, H.: dotes ingenii, O.
    * * *
    dowry, dower; talent, quality

    Latin-English dictionary > dōs

  • 11 glōriōsē

        glōriōsē adv. with comp. and sup.    [gloriosus], gloriously, magnificently: triumphare: alqd gloriosissime conficere.— Boastfully, vauntingly, pompously: exorsus es: mentiri: de me ipso gloriosius praedicare.
    * * *
    gloriosius, gloriosissime ADV
    gloriously, magnificently; pompously, boastfully

    Latin-English dictionary > glōriōsē

  • 12 lēgātiō

        lēgātiō ōnis, f    [1 lego], the office of ambassador, embassy, legation: cum legatione in provinciam profectus: legationis officium conficere, Cs.: in legationem proficisci, L.: legationem renuntiare, report an embassy: obire: negotiorum suorum causā legatus est in Africam legatione liberā, i. e. with the privileges, without the duties, of an ambassador: legationes sumere liberas: Legatio votiva, a free embassy, undertaken to pay a vow in a province.—A lieutenant-generalship, deputy-command: quā in legatione duxit exercitum: legionis, Ta.— The persons of an embassy, embassy, legation: legationis princeps, Cs.: legationes ad se reverti iussit, Cs.
    * * *
    embassy; member of an embassy; mission

    Latin-English dictionary > lēgātiō

  • 13 orbis

        orbis is, abl. orbe (rarely -bī, C.), m    a ring, circle, re-entering way, circular path, hoop, orbit: in orbem intorquere: in orbem curvat (iter) eun<*> dem, O.: digitum iusto commodus orbe teras, a ring, O.: ut in orbem consisterent, form a circle, Cs.: orbe facto se defendere, a hollow square, Cs.: orbem volventes suos increpans, L.: in orbem sese stantibus equis defendere, L.: duodecim signorum orbis, zodiac: lacteus, Milky Way: sidera suos orbes conficiunt, orbits: inmensis orbibus angues Incumbunt pelago, coils, V.—A round surface, disk, circle: mensae, round top, O.: de tot pulchris orbibus comedunt, round tables, Iu.: lucidus, disk (of the sun), V.: ictus ab orbe, quoit, O.: (hasta) per orbem cavum Transit, shield, V.—A mosaic pavement, Iu.—One side of a balance: alterno orbe, Tb.—A wheel: Unda ferratos sustinet orbes, V.: Fortunae stantis in orbe Numen, her wheel, O.—An eye-socket, eye: gemino lumen ab orbe venit, eye, O.: oculorum orbes, V.—With terrae or terrarum, the circle of the world, earth, world, universe: orbis terrae, S., C.: terrarum orbis, V.—The earth, world, universe (sc. terrae): Iuppiter totum cum spectet in orbem, O.: Si fractus inlabatur orbis, H.: Roma orbis caput, O.—A country, region, territory: Eoo dives ab orbe redit, the East, O.: Assyrius, Iu.—Fig., a circle, rotation, round, circuit: ut idem in singulos annos orbis volveretur, L.: orbis hic in re p. est conversus, the circle of political change: imperium per omnīs in orbem ibat, in rotation, L.—In time, a cycle, round, period: Annuus, V.: Triginta magnos volvendis mensibus orbīs explebit, years, V. —Of speech, a rounding off, period, cycle: quasi orbem verborum conficere: orationis.—A cycle of thought: sententiae Pyrrhonis in hunc orbem incidere non possunt: circa vilem patulumque orbem, the trite and obvious path, H.
    * * *
    circle; territory/region; sphere

    orbis terrarum -- world/(circle of lands)

    Latin-English dictionary > orbis

  • 14 pactiō

        pactiō ōnis, f    [paciscor], an agreeing, agreement, covenant, contract, stipulation, bargain, pact: de civibus cum sociis facere pactiones: pactione libertatem perdere: neque ullum telum per pactiones loquentium traiciebatur, Cs.: arma per pactionem tradere, L.: talibus pactionibus pacem facere, conditions, N.: foederis: conlegam suum pactione provinciae perpulerat, ne, etc., by agreeing to yield him the province, S.: nuptialis, L.: praemiorum, promise.—An agreement between farmers general and the people of a province: pactiones cum civitatibus conficere.— A corrupt bargaining, underhand agreement: pactionis suspicionem non vitasse: Aulum spe pactionis perpulit, uti, etc., S.—In the phrase, pactio verborum, a form of words.
    * * *
    bargain, agreement

    Latin-English dictionary > pactiō

  • 15 prōflīgō

        prōflīgō āvī, ātus, āre    [1 FLAG-], to strike to the ground, cast down utterly, overthrow, overcome, conquer: aciem hostium: classem hostium, Cs.: hostīs, N.—Fig., to overthrow, ruin, destroy, crush: rem p.: tantas opes, N.— To bring to an end, finish, despatch, do away: bellum commissum ac profligatum conficere, L.: profligato fere Samnitium bello, L.: profligata iam haec quaestio est: omnia ad perniciem profligata.
    * * *
    profligare, profligavi, profligatus V
    overthrow, rout

    Latin-English dictionary > prōflīgō

  • 16 ut

       ut conj.    [1 ut], with subj.—Of effect or result, that, so that: prior pars orationis tuae faciebat ut mori cuperem: di prohibeant, iudices, ut hoc praesidium sectorum existimetur: Dumnorix a Sequanis impetrat ut per finīs suos Helvetios ire patiantur, Cs.: quid adsequitur, nisi hoc ut arent qui... in agris remanserunt, what does he gain: vicerunt tribuni ut legem preferrent, L.: ille adduci non potest ut, etc.: impellit alios avaritia ut, etc., Cs.: eos deduxi testīs ut de istius facto dubium esse nemini possit: mons altissimus impendebat, ut perpauci prohibere possent, Cs.: non ita fracti animi civitatis erant, ut non sentirent, etc., as not to feel, L.—In thought, that, so that, to (esp. after verbs of wishing, commanding, or endeavoring): volo uti mihi respondeas, num quis, etc., I wish you to answer: tibi instat Hortensius ut eas in consilium: Ut illum di deaeque perdant, T.: censeo ut iter reliquum conficere pergas, I propose: obsides inter se dent, Sequani ne... Helvetii ut sine maleficio transeant, Cs.: constitueram ut manerem: paciscitur cum principibus ut copias inde abducant, L.: edicere ut senatus redriet: ille tibi potestatem facturus sit ut eligas utrum velis: qui sibi hoc sumpsit ut conrigat mores aliorum, who has undertaken to correct: navem idoneam ut habeas diligenter videbis, care: omnis spes eo versa ut totis viribus terrā adgrederentur, L.: satis esse magna incommoda accepta ut reliquos casūs timerent, disasters great enough to make them fear, etc., Cs.: quod praeceptum, quia maius erat quam ut ab homine videretur, etc., too great to be from man: clarior res erat quam ut tegi posset, too clear to be covered up, L. —Of definition (conceived as the result of its antecedent, expressed or implied), that: reliquum est ut de Catuli sententiā dicendum videatur: proximum est ut doceam, etc.: consentaneum est huic naturae, ut sapiens velit gerere et administrare rem p.: non est verisimile ut Chrysogonus horum litteras adamarit: vetus est lex amicitiae ut idem amici semper velint: primum est officium ut (homo) se couservet: est mos hominum ut nolint, etc.: potest fieri ut res verbosior haec fuerit, illa verior, it may be that: pater ut in iudicio capitis obesse filio debeat?: ex quo efficitur ut quidquid honestum sit, idem sit utile, it is proved that, etc.: non est igitur ut mirandum sit ea praesentiri, there is no reason to wonder: iam in eo rem fore ut Romani aut hostes aut domini habendi sint, the situation would be such, that, etc., L.: iam prope erat ut, etc., it was almost come to such a pass, that, etc., L.: cum esset haec ei proposita condicio ut aut iuste accusaret aut acerbe moreretur, etc.: Suevi in eam se consuetudinem adduxerunt, ut locis frigidissimis lavarentur in fluminibus, Cs.: hoc iure sunt socii ut eis ne deplorare quidem de suis incommodis liceat: ne voce quidem incommodā, nedum ut ulla vis fieret, paulatim permulcendo mansuefecerant plebem (i. e. nedum ullā vi), L.—In final clauses (of purpose), that, in order that, for the purpose of, so that, so as to: haec acta res est ut ei nobiles restituerentur in civitatem: Caesar singulis legionibus singulos legatos praefecit, uti eos testes suae quisque virtutis haberet, Cs.; cf. Id ut ne fiat, haec res sola est remedio, T.: consensus senatūs fuit ut proficisceremur: vicit sententia ut mitterentur coloni, L.: ha<*> mente laborem Sese ferre senes ut in otia tuta recedant Aiunt, H.: potius ad delendam memoriam dedecoris, quam ut timorem faciat, L.— After a subst: morandi causa erat ut hostem ad certamen eliceret, L.: causa autem fuit huc veniendi, ut quosdam hinc libros promerem.—Ellipt.: ut in pauca conferam, testamento facto mulier moritur (sc. hoc dico), to be brief, etc.: et, vere ut dicam, de te futurum est, to tell the truth: Murena, si nemini, ut levissime dicam, odio fuit, to say the least.
    * * *
    to (+ subj), in order that/to; how, as, when, while; even if

    Latin-English dictionary > ut

  • 17 ambulatio

    ambŭlātĭo, ōnis, f. [id.], a walking about, a walk (only in prose, oftenest in Cic.).
    I.
    Lit.:

    ambulationem pomeridianam conficere in Academiā,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 1:

    compitaliciae,

    id. Att. 2, 3:

    ventum est in ambulationem,

    id. de Or. 1, 7, 26:

    recta, flexuosa,

    Cels. 1, 2.—Of the orator on the platform:

    conveniet etiam ambulatio quaedam propter immodicas laudationum moras,

    Quint. 11, 3, 126.—Hence,
    II.
    Transf., concr., a walk, a place for walking, a promenade (usu. near a dwelling; either covered or open): ambulatio sub dio pedes lata denos. Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 9; so Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 1; 3, 1, 2; Vitr. 5, 9; Col. 1, 6, 2; Plin. 36, 12, 18, § 83.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ambulatio

  • 18 aut

    aut, conj. [aut, Osc. auti, Umbr. ote, ute, may be a modification of autem, as at of et, the suffix -t being a relic of the demonstrative -tem, which appears in item, and is the same as -dem in quidem, and -dam in quondam, and of which the demonstrative adverbs, tam and tum, are absolute forms; the first part of these words may be compared with the Gr. au (cf. aute and autar), and with the Sanscr. vā = or, with which again may be compared ve and vel; v. Corss. Ausspr. II. p. 595, and also pp. 130, 223, 411], or; and repeated: aut... aut, either... or; so in Sanscr. vā... vā.
    I.
    In gen. it puts in the place of a previous assertion another, objectively and absolutely antithetical to it, while vel indicates that the contrast rests upon subjective opinion or choice; i. e. aut is objective, vel subjective, or aut excludes one term, vel makes the two indifferent.
    a.
    Used singly, or:

    omnia bene sunt ei dicenda, qui hoc se posse profitetur aut eloquentiae nomen relinquendum est,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 2, 5:

    quibusnam manibus aut quibus viribus,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 30:

    Vinceris aut vincis,

    Prop. 2, 8, 10:

    cita mors venit aut victoria laeta,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 8:

    ruminat herbas aut aliquam in magno sequitur grege,

    Verg. E. 6, 55 et persaep. (cf. on the contrary, Tac. G. 8: quae neque confirmare argumentis, neque refellere in animo est: ex ingenio suo quisque demat vel addat fidem).—
    b.
    Repeated, aut... aut, either... or:

    Ubi enim potest illa aetas aut calescere vel apricatione melius vel igni, aut vicissim umbris aquisve refrigerari salubrius?

    Cic. Sen. 16, 57:

    Nam ejus per unam, ut audio, aut vivam aut moriar sententiam,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 19; id. Heaut. 3,1,11 sq.:

    aut, quicquid igitur eodem modo concluditur, probabitis, aut ars ista nulla est,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 30, 96:

    partem planitiae aut Jovis templum aut oppidum tenet,

    Liv. 44, 6, 15:

    terra in universum aut silvis horrida aut paludibus foeda,

    Tac. G. 5:

    hoc bellum quis umquam arbitraretur aut ab omnibus imperatoribus uno anno aut omnibus annis ab uno imperatore confici posse?

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 11,31.—
    c.
    More than twice repeated:

    aut equos Alere aut canes ad venandum, aut ad philosophos, Ter And. 1, 1, 29: Uxor, si cesses, aut te amare cogitat Aut tete amare aut potare atque animo obsequi,

    id. Ad. 1, 1, 7 sq.; so four times in Lucr. 4, 935 sq.; five times in Cic. Off. 1, 9, 28; id. N. D. 3, 12, 30; and Prop. 4, 21, 26 sqq.; and six times in Plin. 17, 10, 9, § 58.—
    d.
    Sometimes double disjunctive phrases with aut... aut are placed together:

    Adsentior Crasso, ne aut de C. Laelii soceri mei aut de hujus generi aut arte aut gloriā detraham,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 35:

    res ipsa et rei publicae tempus aut me ipsum, quod nolim, aut alium quempiam aut invitabit aut dehortabitur,

    id. Pis. 39, 94.—
    e.
    Repeated after negatives:

    ne aut ille alserit Aut ceciderit atque aliquid praefregerit,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 11:

    ne tanti facinoris immanitas aut exstitisse aut non vindicata esse videatur,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 6, 14; id. Sull. 43; id. Sest. 37; 39:

    neque enim sunt aut obscura aut non multa post commissa,

    id. Cat. 1, 6, 15; id. Off. 1, 20, 66; 1, 11, 36; 1, 20, 68; id. de Or. 2, 45, 189:

    nec milites ad scelus missos aut numero validos aut animo promptos,

    Tac. A. 14, 58; id. H. 1, 18; id. Or. 12:

    nec erit mirabilis illic Aut Stratocles aut cum molli Demetrius Haemo,

    Juv. 3, 98 sq.:

    neque aut quis esset ante detexit aut gubernatorem cedere adversae tempestati passus est,

    Suet. Caes. 58; id. Ner. 34:

    Nec aut Persae aut Macedones dubitavere,

    Curt. 4, 15, 28: Non sum aut tam inhumanus aut tam alienus a Sardis. Cic. Scaur. 39; id. Cat. 1, 13:

    Nihil est tam aut fragile aut flexibile quam etc.,

    id. Mil. 36 al. —
    f.
    In interrogations:

    quo modo aut geometres cernere ea potest, quae aut nulla sunt aut internosci a falsis non possunt aut is, qui fidibus utitur, explere numeros et conficere versus?

    Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 22; so id. de Or. 1, 9, 37; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 118; id. N. D. 1, 43, 121.—
    g.
    In comparative clauses:

    talis autem simulatio vanitati est conjunctior quam aut liberalitati aut honestati,

    Cic. Off. 1, 15, 44.—
    II.
    Esp.
    A.
    Placed singly, to connect to something more important that which is less so, or at least.
    a.
    Absol.:

    Incute vim ventis submersasque obrue puppes, Aut age diversos et dissice corpora ponto,

    Verg. A. 1, 69 sq. Rib. (furens Juno et irata, quod gravissimum credebat, optavit, deinde quod secundum intulit, Diom. p. 411 P.):

    quaero, num injuste aut improbe fecerit,

    or at least unfairly, Cic. Off. 3, 13, 54:

    a se postulari aut exspectari aliquid suspicantur,

    id. ib. 2, 20, 69:

    quā re vi aut clam agendum est,

    or at least by stealth, id. Att. 10, 12:

    profecto cuncti aut magna pars Siccensium fidem mutavissent,

    Sall. J. 56, 6:

    Audendum est aliquid universis aut omnia singulis patienda,

    Liv. 6, 18, 7:

    pars a centurionibus aut praetoriarum cohortium militibus caesi,

    Tac. A. 1, 30:

    potentiā suā numquam aut raro ad impotentiam usus,

    Vell. 2, 29.—
    b.
    With certe, etc., v. infra, F. 2.—
    B.
    To connect something which must take place, if that which is previously stated does not, or, otherwise, or else, in the contrary case, = alioqui:

    Redduc uxorem, aut quam obrem non opus sit cedo,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 76:

    id (principium) nec nasci potest nec mori, aut concidat omne caelum etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 23, 54 (Seyffert ad h. l., but preferring ut non; B. and K. and Kühner, vel):

    nunc manet insontem gravis exitus: aut ego veri Vana feror,

    Verg. A. 10, 630:

    effodiuntur bulbi ante ver: aut deteriores fiunt,

    Plin. 19, 5, 30, § 96:

    Mutatione recreabitur sicut in cibis... Aut dicant iste mihi, quae sit alia ratio discendi,

    Quint. 1, 12, 6; 2, 17, 9.—
    C.
    To restrict or correct an expression which is too general or inaccurate, or, or rather, or more accurately.
    a.
    Absol.:

    de hominum genere, aut omnino de animalium loquor,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 33; 5, 20, 57; id. Ac. 2, 8, 23:

    Aut scilicet tua libertas disserendi amissa est, aut tu is es, qui in disputando non tuum judicium sequare,

    id. Leg. 1, 13, 36: cenaene causā, aut tuae mercedis gratiā Nos nostras aedīs postulas comburere? or rather, etc., Plaut. Aul. 2, 6, 11.—In this signification aut sometimes begins a new clause: Potestne igitur quisquam dicere, inter eum, qui doleat, et inter eum, qui in voluptate sit, nihil interesse? Aut, ita qui sentiet, non apertissime insaniat? or is not rather, etc., Cic. Ac. 2, 7, 20:

    Quid est enim temeritate turpius? Aut quid tam temerarium tamque indignum sapientis gravitate atque constantiā, quam, etc.,

    id. N. D. 1, 1, 1; id. Fin. 4, 26, 72; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—
    b.
    With potius (v. infra, F. 4.).—
    D.
    Neque... aut sometimes, but chiefly in the poets, takes the place of neque... neque: Neque ego hanc abscondere furto Speravi, ne finge, fugam;

    nec conjugis umquam Praetendi taedas aut haec in foedera veni,

    Verg. A. 4, 339:

    Si neque avaritiam neque sordes aut mala lustra Obiciet vere quisquam mihi,

    Hor. S. 1, 6, 68 Bentl., but ac, K. and H.:

    Nunc neque te longi remeantem pompa triumphi Excipit aut sacras poscunt Capitolia lauros,

    Luc. 1, 287:

    Nam neque plebeiam aut dextro sine numine cretam Servo animam,

    Stat. S. 1, 4, 66:

    Neque enim Tyriis Cynosura carinis Certior aut Grais Helice servanda magistris,

    Val. Fl. 1, 17; so also Tacitus: nec litore tenus adcrescere aut resorberi, Agr. 10; G. 7 ter; H. 1, 32; so after non:

    Non eo dico, quo mihi veniat in dubium tua fides, aut quo etc.,

    Cic. Quinct. 5:

    non jure aut legibus cognoscunt,

    Tac. Or. 19; id. Agr. 41; id. G. 24; after haud:

    Haud alias populus plus occultae vocis aut suspicacis silentii permisit,

    id. A. 3, 11; after nihil:

    nihil caedis aut praedae,

    id. A. 15, 6; 13, 4; id. H. 1, 30.—
    E.
    The poets connect by aut... vel, vel... aut, instead of aut... aut, or vel... vel: Quotiens te votui Argu [p. 211] rippum Conpellare aut contrectare conloquive aut contui? Plaut. As. 3, 1, 19:

    aut appone dapes, Vare, vel aufer opes,

    Mart. 4, 78, 6 (this epigram is rejected by Schneid.):

    Non ars aut astus belli vel dextera deerat,

    Sil. 16, 32.—
    F.
    In connection with other particles.
    1.
    Aut etiam, to complete or strengthen an assertion, or also, or even:

    quid ergo aut hunc prohibet, aut etiam Xenocratem, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 18, 51:

    conjectura in multas aut diversas, aut etiam in contrarias partes,

    id. Div. 2, 26, 55; id. Off. 1, 9, 28:

    si aut ambigue aut inconstanter aut incredibiliter dicta sunt, aut etiam aliter ab alio dicta,

    id. Part. Or. 14, 51:

    etsi omnia aut scripta esse a tuis arbitror, aut etiam nuntiis ac rumore perlata,

    id. Att. 4, 1.—So with one aut:

    quod de illo acceperant, aut etiam suspicabantur,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 19, 36; Cels. 4, 18:

    si modo sim (orator), aut etiam quicumque sim,

    Cic. Or. 3, 12; id. de Or. 1, 17, 76.—
    2.
    Aut certe, aut modo, aut quidem, or aut sane, to restrict a declaration, or at least (cf. II. A.).
    a.
    Aut certe:

    ac video hanc primam ingressionem meam aut reprehensionis aliquid, aut certe admirationis habituram,

    Cic. Or. 3, 11; id. Top. 17, 64:

    quo enim uno vincebamur a victā Graeciā, id aut ereptum illis est, aut certe nobis cum illis communicatum,

    id. Brut. 73, 254; so Dolabella ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9, 1; Liv. 2, 1, 4; 40, 46, 2; Cels. 1, 2; 5, 26; Prop. 4, 21, 29.—
    b.
    Aut modo:

    Si umquam posthac aut amasso Casinam, aut obcepso modo,

    Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 22.—
    c.
    Aut quidem:

    Proinde desinant quidam quaerere ultra aut opinari... aut quidem vetustissimā nave impositos jubebo avehi,

    Suet. Caes. 66.—
    d.
    Aut sane:

    Afer aut Sardus sane,

    Cic. Scaur. 15.—
    3.
    Aut vero, to connect a more important thought, or indeed, or truly:

    Quem tibi aut hominem, aut vero deum, auxilio futurum putas?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 78:

    Quis enim tibi hoc concesserit, aut initio genus hominum se oppidis moenibusque saepsisse? Aut vero etc.,

    id. de Or. 1, 9, 36.—
    4.
    Aut potius, for correction or greater definiteness, or rather (cf. II. C.):

    Erravit, aut potius insanivit Apronius?

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 119:

    proditores aut potius apertos hostes,

    id. Sest. 35:

    nemo est injustus, aut incauti potius habendi sunt improbi,

    id. Leg. 1, 14, 40:

    Quae est ergo ista ratio, aut quae potius ista amentia?

    id. Verr. 3, 173.—
    5.
    Aut ne... quidem:

    ego jam aut rem aut ne spem quidem exspecto,

    Cic. Att. 3, 22 fin.
    ► Aut regularly precedes the words of its clause, but sometimes in the poets it takes the second place:

    Saturni aut sacram me tenuisse diem,

    Tib.
    1, 3, 18 Lachm.:

    justos aut reperire pedes,

    id. 2, 5, 112:

    Persequar aut studium linguae etc.,

    Prop. 4, 21, 27:

    Fer pater, inquit, opem! Tellus aut hisce, vel istam, etc.,

    Ov. M. 1, 545 (Merk., ait):

    Balteus aut fluxos gemmis adstrinxit amictus,

    Luc. 2, 362, where some read haud. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 525-558.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > aut

  • 19 caerimonia

    caerĭmōnĭa ( cērĭ-; scanned cĕrīmōnĭa, Prud. c. Symm. praef. 1, 5), ae, f. (collat. form caerĭmōnĭum, ii, n., Gloss. Lat. pp. 50, 69 Hild.; Inscr. Orell. 3188) [kindr. with Sanscr. root kri, = facere; cf. also creo. cerus, Ceres. strictly sacred work, divine rite; cf. Bopp, Gloss. p. 79, a; Pott, I. p. 219; Mommsen, Unterit. Dial.], the sacred. the divine, that which has reference to the Deity (in class. prose)
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Objectively, sacredness, sanctity (in this sense rare, and only in sing.): sanctitas regum, et caerimonia deorum. Caes. ap. Suet. Caes. 6: legationis. Cic. Rosc. Am. 39, 113; Tac. A. 4, 64 fin.: 3, 61: loci. id. ib. 14, 22 fin. —
    B.
    Subjectively, a holy dread, awe, reverence, veneration of the Deity (external; while religio has regard both to internal and external reverence for God; rare except in sing.). Cic. Inv 2. 22, 66; id. Verr. 2, 5, 14. § 36; id. Leg. 2, 22. 55; 2, 53, 161: sacra summā religione caerimoniāque conficere. id. Balb. 24. 55: so id. Har Resp. 10, 21; 17, 37: Nep. Them. 8, 4; Liv. 29. 18, 2; 40, 4, 9; Gell. 4. 9. 9; Tac. A. 4, 55' esse in magnā caerimoniā. to be held in great veneration, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 135; also plur.: habere aliquid in caerimoniis. id. 37, 7, 28, § 100.—
    II.
    Meton. (abstr. pro concr.), a religious usage, a sacred rite, religious ceremony (while ritus designates both religious and profane rites: so esp. freq. in the histt. and mostly in plur.): Ceres et Libera. quarum sacra... longe maximis atque occultissimis caerimoniis continentur. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 187: religiones vero caerimoniaeque omnium sacrorum fanorumque violatae. id. ib. 2. 1. 3. § 7: in sacerdotio caerimoniisque diligentissimus. id. Rab. Perd. 10, 27:

    sepulcrorum,

    id. Tusc. 1, 12, 27: caelestes. Liv 1, 20, 4 and 7' polluere. id. 6, 41, 9; Tac. H. 1, 2; Suet. Caes. 74: fetiales. Liv. 9, 11, 8:

    auspiciaque,

    id. 22, 9, 7; Flor. 1, 2, 2:

    novae,

    Tac. A. 1, 54: vetustissimae. id. ib. 1. 62:

    deorum,

    id. ib. 3, 60; 16, 28;

    publicae,

    id. H. 2, 91; Suet. Caes. 6: an tiquae. id. Aug. 31:

    peregrinae, veteres ac praeceptae,

    id. ib. 93:

    externae,

    id. Tib. 36. —In sing.:

    collatis militaribus signis, quo more eorum gravissima caerimonia continetur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 2; Suet. Aug. 94 med.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > caerimonia

  • 20 caerimonium

    caerĭmōnĭa ( cērĭ-; scanned cĕrīmōnĭa, Prud. c. Symm. praef. 1, 5), ae, f. (collat. form caerĭmōnĭum, ii, n., Gloss. Lat. pp. 50, 69 Hild.; Inscr. Orell. 3188) [kindr. with Sanscr. root kri, = facere; cf. also creo. cerus, Ceres. strictly sacred work, divine rite; cf. Bopp, Gloss. p. 79, a; Pott, I. p. 219; Mommsen, Unterit. Dial.], the sacred. the divine, that which has reference to the Deity (in class. prose)
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    Objectively, sacredness, sanctity (in this sense rare, and only in sing.): sanctitas regum, et caerimonia deorum. Caes. ap. Suet. Caes. 6: legationis. Cic. Rosc. Am. 39, 113; Tac. A. 4, 64 fin.: 3, 61: loci. id. ib. 14, 22 fin. —
    B.
    Subjectively, a holy dread, awe, reverence, veneration of the Deity (external; while religio has regard both to internal and external reverence for God; rare except in sing.). Cic. Inv 2. 22, 66; id. Verr. 2, 5, 14. § 36; id. Leg. 2, 22. 55; 2, 53, 161: sacra summā religione caerimoniāque conficere. id. Balb. 24. 55: so id. Har Resp. 10, 21; 17, 37: Nep. Them. 8, 4; Liv. 29. 18, 2; 40, 4, 9; Gell. 4. 9. 9; Tac. A. 4, 55' esse in magnā caerimoniā. to be held in great veneration, Plin. 6, 27, 31, § 135; also plur.: habere aliquid in caerimoniis. id. 37, 7, 28, § 100.—
    II.
    Meton. (abstr. pro concr.), a religious usage, a sacred rite, religious ceremony (while ritus designates both religious and profane rites: so esp. freq. in the histt. and mostly in plur.): Ceres et Libera. quarum sacra... longe maximis atque occultissimis caerimoniis continentur. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 187: religiones vero caerimoniaeque omnium sacrorum fanorumque violatae. id. ib. 2. 1. 3. § 7: in sacerdotio caerimoniisque diligentissimus. id. Rab. Perd. 10, 27:

    sepulcrorum,

    id. Tusc. 1, 12, 27: caelestes. Liv 1, 20, 4 and 7' polluere. id. 6, 41, 9; Tac. H. 1, 2; Suet. Caes. 74: fetiales. Liv. 9, 11, 8:

    auspiciaque,

    id. 22, 9, 7; Flor. 1, 2, 2:

    novae,

    Tac. A. 1, 54: vetustissimae. id. ib. 1. 62:

    deorum,

    id. ib. 3, 60; 16, 28;

    publicae,

    id. H. 2, 91; Suet. Caes. 6: an tiquae. id. Aug. 31:

    peregrinae, veteres ac praeceptae,

    id. ib. 93:

    externae,

    id. Tib. 36. —In sing.:

    collatis militaribus signis, quo more eorum gravissima caerimonia continetur,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 2; Suet. Aug. 94 med.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > caerimonium

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