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81 κολάπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `peck (of birds), strike, carve, engrave' (IA., Aeol.).Other forms: Aor. κολάψαι,Derivatives: ἐγ-, ἐκ-κόλαψις `cut in, out' (inscr., Arist.), ἐγ-κόλαμμα `inscription' (LXX, Priene), ( ἐγ-)κολαπτός `carved out' (inscr., LXX); κολαπτήρ m. `chisel' with δια-κολαπτηρίζω `engrave with a chisel' (Lebadeia); also as compound of δόρυ and κολάπτειν with - της-, δρυ(ο)-κολάπτ-[τ]ης `woodpecker' (Ar., Arist.; further s. δρῦς), thus κρᾱνο-κολάπτης name of a venomenous spider (Philum.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: On κόλαφος s. v. Ending as in σκάπτω, δαρδάπτω, κόπτω (with labial of the root) and perhaps built after these as replacement of a disyllabic root-verb, which is preserved in Lith. kalù, kálti `forge, hammer', OCS koljǫ, klati `σφάττειν', Russ. колоть `sting, split, chop', IE. * kolh₂-. Several words have been connected with this root in Greek, s. κόλος, κελεός, κλάω, but see s. vv. Cf. Pok. 545f. * kelH-. - The other languages have no labial enlargement. Best is to assume that it is derived from κόλαφος, which seems quite possible.Page in Frisk: 1,896-897Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κολάπτω
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82 κολόκυμα
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `large heavy wall,' before it breaks, of the threats of Cleon, only Ar. Eq. 692,Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: already in antiquity explained in different ways: κόλον κῦμα (sch. ad loc.), τυφλὸν or μακρὸν κῦμα (H.), κωφὸν κῦμα καὶ μη ἐπικαχλάζον (Suid.). S. Taillardat, Images $ 343. A determinative compound with attributive first member would however surprise. The word is rather a painful momentay creation referring to κόλον `bowels'; speaking is the ἀλλαντοπώλης.Page in Frisk: 1,901-902Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κολόκυμα
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83 κράσπεδον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `edge, border of a cloth', metaph. of a country, a mountain, also of an army = `wing of the army' (S., E., Ar., X., Theoc., NT).Derivatives: κρασπεδίτης `hindmost person in a chorus' (Plu.; oppos. κορυφαῖος) and κρασπεδόομαι `be bordered' (E.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Old compound of κάρᾱ `head' in the form κρᾱσ- with faded πέδον `plain, bottom', cf. Skt. dru-padá-m `wooden post'; the 1. member points to an orig. meaning `upper border' (prop. "head-place"?), s. Risch IF 59, 14 with Leumanns note ibd. n. 3. However, Nussbaum, Head and Horn (1986) 71 is very sceptic; there is no indication whatever that it would contain the word for `head'. Older lit. in Bq.Page in Frisk: 2,7-8Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κράσπεδον
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84 μέλι
μέλι, - ιτοςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `honey' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. meri.Compounds: Very often as 1. member, e.g. μελί-κρᾱ-τον, Ion. - κρη-τον "honey-mix", `sacrifice of milk and honey' (Od.), compound with κεράν-νυμι (s. v.); also μελιτο-, e.g. μελιτο-πώλης m. `honey-trader' (Ar.); as 2. member a. o. in οἰνό-μελι `drink from wine and honey' (Plb.; cf. Risch IF 59, 58); on ἀπό-μελι s. v.Derivatives: A. Several adj.: μελιτόεις `honeysweet' (Pi.), f. μελιτόεσσα (sc. μᾶζα), Att. μελιτοῦττα `honey-cake' (Hdt., Ar.; Schwyzer 528, Chantraine Form. 272), μελιτ-ηρός `belonging to honey, honey-like' (Ar.. Thphr.), - ινος `made from h.' (pap.), - ώδης `honey-like' (Thphr.). Prob. also μελι-χρός `honey-sweet' (Alc., Anacr., Hp., Telecl., Theoc.), cf. πενι-χρός βδελυ-χ-ρός and Chantraine Form. 225 f., Hamm Grammatik 77 w. n. 118. Acc. to Sommer Nominalkomp. 26 n. 3 (where extensive treatment) however Aeol. for μελί-χρως `honey-coloured', after Schwyzer 450 for - χροος. -- B. Subst. μελίτ(ε)ιον n. `mead' (Plu.); μελιτόν κηρίον, η τὸ ἑφθὸν γλεῦκος H.; μελιτίτης ( λίθος) `topaz', ( οἶνος) `honey-wine' (Dsc.; Redard 57 a. 97); μελίτεια f. `Melissa officinalis' (Theoc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 119); μελιτισμός m. `treatment with h.' (medic.) as if from *μελιτίζειν. -- C. Verb. μελιτόομαι `mix with h., be sweetened with h.' (Th., Plu.) with μελίτωμα `honey-cake' (Com.), - ωσις `sweetening' ( Gloss.). -- On its own stands μέλισσα, - ττα f. `bee' (Il.), after Schwyzer Glotta 6, 84ff. (thus Fraenkel Glotta 32, 21) haplological for *μελί-λιχ-ι̯α "honey-leckering"; compare Skt. madhu-lih- m. "honey-lecker" = `bee'; acc. to others however from *μέλιτ-ι̯α, e.g. Lohmann Genus und Sexus (Erg. -h. 10 to KZ) 82 recalling Arm. meɫu `bee' from meɫr `honey' (thus Schwyzer 320). From it several compp. and derivv., e.g. μελισσουργός (- ττ-) `apiarist' (Pl., Arist.) with - έω, - ία, - εῖον, μελισσεύς `id.' (Arist., pap.; Boßhardt 61), also (with diff. origin) as PN (Boßhardt 123f.); μελίσσιον `bee-hive' (pap. IIIa; Georgacas Glotta 36, 170), - ία `id.' (Gp.; Scheller Oxytonierung 45), - ών `id.' (LXX) etc. -- On βλίττω s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [723] *meli(t) `honey'Etymology: Old inherited word for `honey', with Hitt. milit ( = melit) n. directly identical; further with thematic enlargment Goth. miliÞ and Alb. mjaltë (IE * meli-t-o-m). Also Celt., e.g. OIr. mil, and Lat. mel can go back on * meli-t; the -t was prob. originally only at home in the nom.-acc. (Unclear Lat. gen. mellis: from *mel-n-és?; cf. on μείλιχος). Arm. meɫr, gen. meɫu was supposedly after the synonymous *médhu (= μέθυ, s. v.) transferred to the u-stems. From unknown source stems μελίτιον πόμα τι Σκυθικὸν μέλιτος ἑψομένου σὺν ὕδατι καὶ πόᾳ τινί H. -- Details in WP. 2, 296, Pok. 723f., W.-Hofmann s. mel; cf. (on the spread) Porzig Gliederung 202 f.Page in Frisk: 2,200-201Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέλι
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85 μεσόδμη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `crossbeam', from wall to wall of a building or from side to side of a ship, in which the mast was let down (details in Bechtel Lex. s. v.; Od., Hp., Q. S.).Other forms: μεσόδμᾱ (Delph. IVa), μεσόμνη (Att. inscr.; on the phonetics Schwyzer 208).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Prop. "what belongs to the middle of the house", compound of μέσος and the zero grade of the word for `house', δεμ-, δμ-, seen in δεσ-πότης and δά-πεδον (s. vv.; cf. on δόμος) with ᾱ-suffix: μεσό-δμ-ᾱ like *ἑκατόμ-βϜ-ᾱ (J.Schmidt Pluralbild. 221f., Schwyzer 425 a. 449). From housebuilding the term was transferred to shipbuilding. Often the 2. member - δμη is directly derived from δέμω `build' as zero grade root-noun (cf. νέο-δμᾱ-τος, δέ-δμη-μαι), so "middle-building"; thus Prellwitz BB 17, 172, Persson Beitr. 648, Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1943, 7; cf. also Benveniste BSL 51, 18. Sommer Nominalbild. 76 does not decide the matter. The gloss μεσόδμα γυνή \< ὡς Λάκωνες\> is unclear (gl. 947 has μεσοδόμα).Page in Frisk: 2,213-214Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μεσόδμη
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86 μέτρον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `measure, the right, full measure, goal, length, size, syllable- or verse-measure' (Il.).Compounds: Many compp., e.g. σύμμετρος `with the same measure, maesured, becoming, symmetrical' with συμμετρ-ία `harmony, symmetry' a. o. (IA.); περί-μετρος `exceeding (the measure)' (Od.); but περί-μετρον (Hdt., Arist.), - ος (sc. γραμμή) f. `circumference, extent' after περίοδος a. o. with verbal association ( περι-μετρέω Luc.), s. Risch IF 59, 252.Derivatives: Adj. 1. μέτριος `moderate, suitable' (Hes.) with μετρι-ότης `moderation' (IA.), - οσύνη `poverty' (pap. VIp), - ακός `moderate' (pap. VIp), - άζω `be moderate' (Att. hell.) with - ασμός (Suid.); μετριεύεται H. s. λαγαρίτ-τεται. 2. μετρικός `metrical, acc. to measure' (Arist.). 3. Adv. μετρηδόν `in metrical form' (Nonn.). 4. Verb: μετρέω, very often with prefix, e.g. ἀνα-, δια-, ἐπι-, ἐκ-, ἀπο-, συν-, `measure, measure (off), estimate etc.' (Hom.); from this (often with prefix) μέτρ-ησις `measurement' (IA.)., - ημα `measure' (E., hell.), - ητής m. "measurer", name of a measure, `metretes' (Att.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 233), - ητίς f. `id.' (Amorgos IVa), - ητιαῖος `sticking to a μ.' (Karyanda), - ητικός `regarding measurement' (Pl.). As 2. member in several verbal cornpp., e.g. γεω-μέτρης m. `land-, fieldmeasurer, geometrist' (Pl., X.) with γεωμετρ-ία, Ion. - ίη (Hdt., Ar.; also compound of γῆν μετρεῖν?), - ικός (Democr., Pl.), - έω (Att.), βου-μέτρης "cowmeasurer" = ὁ ἐπι θυσιῶν τεταγμένος παρὰ Αἰτωλοῖς H.; cf. E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 86. -- Backformations like διάμετρος (sc. γραμμή) f. `diameter, diagonal etc.' (Pl., Arist.), ἐπίμετρον `excess, addition' (hell.).Etymology: Beside μέτρον we have with the same suffix but diff. ablaut μήτρα f. `landmeasure etc.' (Cilicia), ἐρεσι-μήτρην την γεωμετρίαν H. (s. ἔρα), which agrees exactly with Skt. mā́trā f. `measure' and goes back on an athematic present, Skt. mā́-ti `measure' (\< IE * meh₁-ti). The shortness of the ε in μέτρον as opposed to Skt. mā́tram n. `id.' finds however no agreement outside Greek; one might think of a thematic vowel after zero grade root μ-έ-τρον (Brugmann, e.g. Grundr.2 II: 1, 342); a reduced grade of IE * meh₁-- (as θέ-(σις) from θη-) is difficult: it would require * mh₁tr- to become (*) μετρ- and not rather *m̥h₁tr- \> μητρ-; in the latter case Prakr. mettam n. `measure' from Skt. * mitram (innovated after mi-ta-?) would give a direct parallel (note that mh₁etr- might rather have givem *m̥h₁etr- \> *αμετρ-); the question has not been solved yet, Beekes Laryngeals 183. I now think that at the beginning of the word the *m- could have remained consonantal. A derivation IE *méd-tro-m from * med- `measure' (not here μέδιμνος, s.v., with de Saussure MSL 6, 246ff.) would have given *μέστρον. -- An other derivation of the same verb is μῆτις, s. v.Page in Frisk: 2,220-221Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέτρον
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87 πέρυσι(ν)
πέρυσι(ν)Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `last year' (on the final Schwyzer 619; IA).Other forms: Dor. πέρυτι(ς).Dialectal forms: Myc. perusinuwo ? (with unexplained F; cf. Lejeune Rev. de phil. 81. 164, Risch Ét. Myc. 1956, 170).Derivatives: περυσινός `from last year, last-yearly' (Att.). Byform πέρσυ with περσυνός (inscr., pap.), prob. from πέρισυ, περισυνός (Gal.) through vowelsyncope; vowelmetathesis also in περ(ι)σύας m. `wine from last year' (Hp. ap. Gal. 19, 130); s. Schwyzer Glotta 5, 196, Kapsomenakis Voruntersuchungen 64 w. n 2.Etymology: Old adverb of time, formally and semantically identical with Arm. heru, IE * peruti; to the same form go back also Germ. a. Celt. forms: OWNo. i fjorð, MHG vert `id.', OIr. ónn-urid `ab anno priore'. Beside it without final -i Skt. parút `last year'. Prob. compound: IE * per-ut(i), from the zero grade of the words for `year' (s. ἔτος) in the loc. (acc.?) sg. (s. Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 2, 708; cf. Schwyzer 622 w. n. 3) and a word for `previous, last' v. s., which is found also in Lith. pérnai `last year', MHG vern `id.' and finally is identical with IE per- in πέρᾱ (s. v.) etc.. WP. 1, 251 and 2, 31, Pok. 810f. and 1175.Page in Frisk: 2,518-519Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πέρυσι(ν)
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88 προχάνη
Grammatical information: f.Other forms: Dor. -ᾱOrigin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Archaic or dialectal word, of unknown source. Acc. to Eust. 1109, 39 fom (a further unattested) προχαίνω, which is tranlated with προφασίζομαι; not convincing. After sch. on S. Ant. 80 however from προ-έχομαι `pretend', prob. correct. Basis *προ-οχάνη, with elision in the compound.Page in Frisk: 2,604Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > προχάνη
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89 Άίδης
Meaning: Hades (Il.).Derivatives: Άϊδωνεύς (Il.), see Risch 145.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1125] *n̥-uid-Etymology: An inscription from Thessaly (SEG 16, 380) gives ΑϜιδαν. Thieme's proposal (1952 = Studien idg. Wortkunde 35 -55 that the word derives from *sm̥ uid-, found in Skt. sam vid-, as `das Sichzusammenfinden [of the family in the underworld]' is not correct, as then Άιδ- should mean `Underworld', not the God of the Underworld; but in Homer it is clear that it means the God, e.g. in formulaic δόμον Ἄιδος εἴσω. Also the aspiration is secondary (in Attic, from ὁ Α. (Kamerbeek ap. Ruijgh, Lingua 25, 1970, 307). The other explanation, as *n̥-uid-, `the Unseen', seems the correct one. Lastly Beekes FS Watkins, 1998, 17 - 19, who points out that the replacement of a root noun, first in the nominative (here as final element of a compound), is parallel to φυγή: φύγα-δε. The A- is sometimes lengthened m.c. (it is not lengthened when it is not necessary or impossible as in ῎Αιδόσδε.)Page in Frisk: 1,33-34Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Άίδης
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90 Ἄιδ-ός
Meaning: Hades (Il.).Derivatives: Άϊδωνεύς (Il.), see Risch 145.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1125] *n̥-uid-Etymology: An inscription from Thessaly (SEG 16, 380) gives ΑϜιδαν. Thieme's proposal (1952 = Studien idg. Wortkunde 35 -55 that the word derives from *sm̥ uid-, found in Skt. sam vid-, as `das Sichzusammenfinden [of the family in the underworld]' is not correct, as then Άιδ- should mean `Underworld', not the God of the Underworld; but in Homer it is clear that it means the God, e.g. in formulaic δόμον Ἄιδος εἴσω. Also the aspiration is secondary (in Attic, from ὁ Α. (Kamerbeek ap. Ruijgh, Lingua 25, 1970, 307). The other explanation, as *n̥-uid-, `the Unseen', seems the correct one. Lastly Beekes FS Watkins, 1998, 17 - 19, who points out that the replacement of a root noun, first in the nominative (here as final element of a compound), is parallel to φυγή: φύγα-δε. The A- is sometimes lengthened m.c. (it is not lengthened when it is not necessary or impossible as in ῎Αιδόσδε.)Page in Frisk: 1,33-34Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Ἄιδ-ός
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91 Κέρκωπες
Grammatical information: m. pl.Meaning: `name of two mischievous dwarves', which were fettered by Heracles (Hdt.), metaph. in sing. `teaser, rogue' (Aeschin.); name of a long-tailed ape (Manil.).Derivatives: κερκωπία `trickiness' (Semon.), κερκωπίζω `tease, joke' (Zenob., H.). Also, with ā-stem-enlargement, κερκώπη τέττιξ θήλεια μη φωνοῦσα H. (cf. Prellwitz Glotta 16, 152)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Prop. `with tail-like figure', from κέρκος (s. v.) and - ωψ (Schwyzer 426 n. 4). Gil Emerita 25, 312 sees in κερκώπη `τέττιξ' a compound *κερκο-Ϝωπ-η `with shrill voice', which does not fit H.'s explanation (s. above). Rather - ωπ is the ending of several Pre-Greek names.Page in Frisk: 1,831Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Κέρκωπες
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