commutare

commutare v.tr.

1 to commute: commutare la pena di morte in ergastolo, to commute the death penalty to life imprisonment

2 (elettr.) to commute, to commutate, to change over, to switch over.

◘ commutarsi v.rifl.rec. to be inverted.

* * *

verbo transitivo

1) dir. to commute [ pena] (in to)

2) el. to switch [ corrente]

* * *

commutare

/kommu'tare/ [1]

verbo transitivo

 1 dir. to commute [ pena] (in to)

 2 el. to switch [ corrente].

1) (Dir : pena) to commute

2) Elettr to switch o change over, commutate termine tecn

1) (Dir : pena) to commute

2) Elettr to switch o change over, commutate termine tecn

ăd-ŏrĭor, ortus, 4, v. dep. ( part. adorsus, Gell. 9, 2, 10; see the passage at the end of this art.; the second and third pers. of the pres. ind., acc. to the fourth conj.: adorīris, adorītur; forms analogous to orĕris, orĭtur, of the simple verb occur in Lucr. 3, 513; Lucil. ap. Prisc. p. 880 P.), to rise up for the purpose of going to some one or something, or of undertaking something great, difficult, or hazardous (clandestinely, artfully, when a hostile approach is spoken of; while aggredi indicates a direct, open attack from a distance: aggredimur de longinquo; adorimur ex insidiis et ex proximo; nam adoriri est quasi ad aliquem oriri, i. e. exsurgere, Don. ad Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 50; cf. the same ad Heaut. 4, 5, 9).

In gen., to approach a person in order to address him, to ask something of him, to accost, etc. (cf. accedo, adeo):

cesso hunc adoriri? (quasi de improviso alloqui, Don.),

Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 9:

si ab eo nil fiet, tum hunc adorior hospitem,

id. Phorm. 4, 2, 15.—

Esp.

To approach one with hostile intent, to assault, assail, Lucil. ap. Prisc. p. 886 P.:

inermem tribunum gladiis,

Cic. Sest. 37:

a tergo Milonem,

id. Mil. 10:

navem,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 34 fin.:

impeditos adoriebantur,

Caes. B. G. 4, 26:

hos Conon adortus magno proelio fugat,

Nep. Con. 4:

urbem vi,

Liv. 1, 53:

oppugnatio eos aliquanto atrocior quam ante adorta est,

id. 21, 11; cf.

21, 28: praetorem ex improviso in itinere adortus,

Tac. A. 4, 45:

variis criminationibus,

id. ib. 14, 52:

minis,

id. H. 1, 31:

jurgio,

Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 50:

senatum,

Suet. Caes. 9.—Also absol., Hirt. B. Afr. 69.—

To enter upon any course of action, esp. to engage in or undertake any thing difficult or dangerous; with acc. or inf.:

commutare animum quicumque adoritur,

Lucr. 3, 515:

ne convellere adoriamur ea, quae non possint commoveri,

Cic. de Or. 2, 51, 205; id. Att. 13, 22: Hêrakleidion, si Brundisium salvi, adoriemur (sc. scribere), id. ib. 16, 2; Auct. Her. 2, 4:

majus adorta nefas,

Ov. P. 2, 2, 16:

hi dominam Ditis thalamo deducere adorti,

Verg. A. 6, 397; cf. id. ib. 7, 386; Cat. 63, 11.—So esp. in the histt., Nep. Dion. 6:

hanc (Munychiam) bis tyranni oppugnare sunt adorti,

id. Thras. 2, 5; so also Liv. 2, 51; 28, 3; 37, 5, 32; 40, 22; 43, 21; 44, 12; cf. also 3, 44: hanc virginem Appius pretio ac spe pellicere adortus.— Once in the form of the part. perf. adorsus:

qui Hippiam tyrannum interficere adorsi erant,

Gell. 9, 2, 10.

artĭfĭcĭōsus, a, um, adj. [artificium].

A.. Act., accomplished in art, skilful, artistic (perh. found only in Cic. and Auct. ad Her.):

rhetores elegantissimi atque artificiosissimi,

Cic. Inv. 1, 35 fin.: quod si artificiosum est intellegere, quae sunt ex arte scripta, multo est artificiosius ipsum scribere ex arte, Auct. ad Her. 4, 4, 7:

ipsius mundi natura non artificiosa solum, sed plane artifex,

Cic. N. D. 2, 22, 58:

Zeno naturam ita definit, ut eam dicat ignem esse artificiosum ad gignendum progredientem viā,

id. ib. 2, 22, 58, § 57.—

Pass. (cf. artifex, II. B.), on which much art has been bestowed, made with art, artificial, ingenious:

utraeque (sc. venae et arteriae) vim quandam incredibilem artificiosi operis divinique testantur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138: Epicurus autem nec non volt, si possit, plane et aperte loqui: nec de re obscurā, ut physici;

aut artificiosā, ut mathematici,

id. Fin. 2, 5, 15.—

According to the rules of art, artificial (esp. freq. in opp. to naturalis, natural):

ea genera divinandi non naturalia, sed artificiosa dicuntur,

Cic. Div. 1, 33, 72; so several times Auct. ad Her. 3, 16 sq. al. — Adv.: artĭfĭcĭōsē, in skilful manner, skilfully:

digerere aliquid,

Cic. de Or. 1, 41, 186:

dicere aliquid,

id. Fin. 3, 9, 32:

ambulare,

id. N. D. 3, 11, 27: commutare aliquid, Auct. ad Her. 3, 10, 17.— Comp.:

multo artificiosius efficere aliquid,

Cic. N. D. 2, 22, 57.— Sup.: artificiosissime facere, Auct. ad Her. 4, 4, 7.

com-mūto ( conm-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.

To alter wholly, change entirely (class.; most freq. in Cic.).

Prop.:

omnia migrant, Omnia commutat natura et vortere cogit,

Lucr. 5, 829; 1, 594; 1, 589;

2, 936: signa rerum,

Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 74:

frontem et vultum,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 11, 42:

vocem,

Suet. Tib. 71:

quae commutantur fiuntque contraria,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31.—Of fruits, to decay, spoil, Varr. R. R. 1, 69, 1.—

Esp. rhet. t. t., to change one ' s form of expression: commutabimus tripliciter, verbis, pronuntiando, tractando, i. e. vary our style, etc., Auct. Her. 4, 42, 54.—

Trop.:

ad commutandos animos atque omni ratione flectendos,

Cic. de Or. 2, 52, 211:

nihil commutantur animo et idem abeunt qui venerant,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7; id. Att. 16, 5, 2.—

To exchange something with another, to change, interchange, replace, substitute, barter, traffic.

In gen., constr. with acc. alone, or with inter se, cum and abl., or abl. alone, or absol.

With acc.:

conmuto ilico pallium,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 36:

ubi aetate hoc caput colorem conmutavit,

id. Most. 1, 3, 44:

coloniam,

id. Aul. 3, 6, 40:

locum,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 3:

captivos,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; cf.:

inter se conmutant vestem ac nomina,

interchange, Plaut. Capt. prol. 37:

ornamenta templorum,

Suet. Vit. 5; id. Aug. 24.—

With cum and abl.

Of person:

(loricam) secum,

Just. 3, 1, 8.—

Of thing:

gloriam constantiae cum caritate patriae,

Cic. Sest. 16, 37: mortem cum vitā, Sulp. ap. id. Fam. 4, 5, 3.—

With pro and abl.:

(litteras) D pro A,

Suet. Caes. 56:

vinum pro oleo,

Dig. 2, 15, 8 fin. —

With abl.:

nisi oculos orationemque aliam conmutas tibi,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 56:

fidem suam et religionem pecuniā,

Cic. Clu. 46, 129:

ornandi causā proprium (verbum) proprio,

id. de Or. 3, 42, 167:

possessionis invidiam pecuniā,

id. Agr. 1, 5, 14:

leve compendium fraude maximā,

Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29; cf.: hanc esse rem, quae si sit semel judicata, neque alio commutari... possit, replaced, i. e. made good, Cic. Inv. 1, 53, 102:

victum vitamque priorem novis rebus,

Lucr. 5, 1106:

studium belli gerendi agriculturā,

Caes. B. G. 6, 22:

mustum aere,

Col. 12, 26, 2.—

Absol., to make an exchange:

vin conmutemus? Tuam ego ducam et tu meam?

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 21:

si quid de se diceretur, non dubitaret interpellare et commutare,

to change the subject, Suet. Tib. 27.—

Esp. of speech, to exchange words, to discourse, converse (so only twice in Ter.; cf.

commutatio, II.): unum verbum tecum,

Ter. And. 2, 4, 7:

non tria Verba inter vos,

id. Phorm. 4, 3, 34.

com-mūto ( conm-), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a.

To alter wholly, change entirely (class.; most freq. in Cic.).

Prop.:

omnia migrant, Omnia commutat natura et vortere cogit,

Lucr. 5, 829; 1, 594; 1, 589;

2, 936: signa rerum,

Cic. Fin. 5, 25, 74:

frontem et vultum,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 11, 42:

vocem,

Suet. Tib. 71:

quae commutantur fiuntque contraria,

Cic. Off. 1, 10, 31.—Of fruits, to decay, spoil, Varr. R. R. 1, 69, 1.—

Esp. rhet. t. t., to change one ' s form of expression: commutabimus tripliciter, verbis, pronuntiando, tractando, i. e. vary our style, etc., Auct. Her. 4, 42, 54.—

Trop.:

ad commutandos animos atque omni ratione flectendos,

Cic. de Or. 2, 52, 211:

nihil commutantur animo et idem abeunt qui venerant,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7; id. Att. 16, 5, 2.—

To exchange something with another, to change, interchange, replace, substitute, barter, traffic.

In gen., constr. with acc. alone, or with inter se, cum and abl., or abl. alone, or absol.

With acc.:

conmuto ilico pallium,

Plaut. Ps. 5, 1, 36:

ubi aetate hoc caput colorem conmutavit,

id. Most. 1, 3, 44:

coloniam,

id. Aul. 3, 6, 40:

locum,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 3:

captivos,

Cic. Off. 1, 13, 39; cf.:

inter se conmutant vestem ac nomina,

interchange, Plaut. Capt. prol. 37:

ornamenta templorum,

Suet. Vit. 5; id. Aug. 24.—

With cum and abl.

Of person:

(loricam) secum,

Just. 3, 1, 8.—

Of thing:

gloriam constantiae cum caritate patriae,

Cic. Sest. 16, 37: mortem cum vitā, Sulp. ap. id. Fam. 4, 5, 3.—

With pro and abl.:

(litteras) D pro A,

Suet. Caes. 56:

vinum pro oleo,

Dig. 2, 15, 8 fin. —

With abl.:

nisi oculos orationemque aliam conmutas tibi,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 56:

fidem suam et religionem pecuniā,

Cic. Clu. 46, 129:

ornandi causā proprium (verbum) proprio,

id. de Or. 3, 42, 167:

possessionis invidiam pecuniā,

id. Agr. 1, 5, 14:

leve compendium fraude maximā,

Auct. Her. 2, 19, 29; cf.: hanc esse rem, quae si sit semel judicata, neque alio commutari... possit, replaced, i. e. made good, Cic. Inv. 1, 53, 102:

victum vitamque priorem novis rebus,

Lucr. 5, 1106:

studium belli gerendi agriculturā,

Caes. B. G. 6, 22:

mustum aere,

Col. 12, 26, 2.—

Absol., to make an exchange:

vin conmutemus? Tuam ego ducam et tu meam?

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 21:

si quid de se diceretur, non dubitaret interpellare et commutare,

to change the subject, Suet. Tib. 27.—

Esp. of speech, to exchange words, to discourse, converse (so only twice in Ter.; cf.

commutatio, II.): unum verbum tecum,

Ter. And. 2, 4, 7:

non tria Verba inter vos,

id. Phorm. 4, 3, 34.

con-vello, velli (convulsi, Sen. Q. N. 2, 6, 4), vulsum (volsum), 3, v. a.

To draw violently hither and thither something that is firm or quiet (esp. a tree, house, and the like); hence, to tear up, wrest from its position, to tear loose or away, to separate from, pull or pluck up (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen.

Without designation of place from which, etc.:

cum praecides caveto ne librum convellas,

Cato, R. R. 40, 2:

saxa turris hostium, quibus fundamenta continebantur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 11; cf. Hirt. B. G. 8, 26 fin.;

and, fundamenta,

Lucr. 4, 506:

cum gradus Castoris convellisti ac removisti,

Cic. Dom. 21, 54:

aesculum,

Verg. G. 2, 294:

convellere repagula, effringere valvas,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94:

limina tectorum,

Verg. A. 2, 507; Luc. 3, 528:

artus,

Lucr. 3, 344;

so of the rack: omnia (membra) laniata, omnes partes convulsae sunt,

Sen. Contr. 2, 13, 5:

convolsis laceratisque membris,

id. ib. § 6; cf.

armos,

to wrench, dislocate, Col. 6, 16, 1:

teneros fetus,

i. e. to produce abortion, Ov. Am. 2, 14, 5.—

With designation of place from or out of which, etc.:

simulacrum Cereris e sacrario convellendum auferendumque curavit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 187; cf. id. ib. §

186: me ex nostris hortulis,

id. Leg. 1, 21, 55:

viridem silvam ab humo,

Verg. A. 3, 24:

funem ab terrā,

id. G. 1, 457:

(turrim) convellimus altis sedibus,

id. A. 2, 464:

robora suā terrā,

Ov. M. 7, 204:

Roma prope convulsa sedibus suis,

Cic. Pis. 22, 52:

domus convulsa sedibus suis,

Plin. Ep. 9, 19, 8:

aspera undique nisu,

Val. Fl. 5, 159.—

Absol.:

haeserunt radice pedes. Convellere pugnat,

Ov. M. 9, 351.—

Milit. t. t.: signa, to pluck up the standards from the ground, to decamp (rare), Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77; Liv. 22, 3, 12; cf.

vexilla,

Tac. A. 1, 20.—

Medic. t. t.: convulsus ( - volsus), a, um, suffering from wrenching of a limb, Plin. 25, 8, 54, § 98; cf. id. 20, 5, 18, § 36; 20, 17, 69, § 178; or from convulsions, spasmodic, convulsive:

latus,

Suet. Tib. 72:

fauces,

Quint. 11, 3, 20.—

Trop., to cause to totter, to shake, to destroy, overthrow, bring to naught (syn.: labefacto, commoveo, commuto, infirmo;

esp. freq. in Cic.): est boni consulis, cum cuncta auxilia rei publicae labefactari convellique videat, ferre opëm patriae,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 1, 3;

so with labefactare: cogitationem,

id. Fam. 5, 13, 2 Manut.; cf. id. Clu. 2, 6:

rei publicae statum,

id. Pis. 2, 4:

ea quae non possint commoveri,

id. de Or. 2, 51, 205:

haec si tenemus, quae mihi quidem non videntur posse convelli,

id. Div. 1, 51, 117:

judicia, stipulationes, etc. (with infirmare),

id. Caecin. 18, 51:

convellere et commutare instituta omnium,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 15:

acta Dolabellae,

id. Phil. 2, 33, 83:

rem publicam judicio aliquo,

id. Brut. 30, 115:

gratiam Caesaris,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 50:

vires aegri,

Cels. 3, 4, 14; cf. id. ib. §

11: fidem legionum promissis,

Tac. H. 4, 30 fin.:

caede Messalinae convulsa principis domus,

id. A. 12, 1; cf. id. ib. 12, 65;

4, 40: Tiberius vi dominationis convulsus ( = abalienatus ab honestate) et mutatus,

id. ib. 6, 48:

fata,

Ov. H. 16, 41:

secutae sunt duae (epistulae), quae me convellerunt de pristino statu, jam tamen labantem,

Cic. Att. 8, 15, 2.—

To tear or rend to pieces, to cleave, dismember, shatter, break (perh. first in the poets of the Aug. per.).

Lit.:

dapes avido dente,

Ov. M. 11, 123: glaebam vomere, * Cat. 64, 40:

dehiscit Convolsum remis rostrisque tridentibus aequor,

Verg. A. 5, 143; 8, 690:

loca vi quondam et vastā convolsa ruinā,

id. ib. 3, 414:

septem (naves) convolsae undis Euroque supersunt,

shattered, id. ib. 1, 383; cf. Luc. 3, 528:

convulsi laniatique centuriones,

Tac. A. 1, 32:

domum,

id. ib. 6, 40.—

Trop.

Of words, to mutilate, mispronounce:

magno cursu verba convellere,

Sen. Ep. 40, 2.—

To afflict, torture:

verbis convellere pectus,

Ov. H. 17, 111.

con-vello, velli (convulsi, Sen. Q. N. 2, 6, 4), vulsum (volsum), 3, v. a.

To draw violently hither and thither something that is firm or quiet (esp. a tree, house, and the like); hence, to tear up, wrest from its position, to tear loose or away, to separate from, pull or pluck up (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen.

Without designation of place from which, etc.:

cum praecides caveto ne librum convellas,

Cato, R. R. 40, 2:

saxa turris hostium, quibus fundamenta continebantur,

Caes. B. C. 2, 11; cf. Hirt. B. G. 8, 26 fin.;

and, fundamenta,

Lucr. 4, 506:

cum gradus Castoris convellisti ac removisti,

Cic. Dom. 21, 54:

aesculum,

Verg. G. 2, 294:

convellere repagula, effringere valvas,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94:

limina tectorum,

Verg. A. 2, 507; Luc. 3, 528:

artus,

Lucr. 3, 344;

so of the rack: omnia (membra) laniata, omnes partes convulsae sunt,

Sen. Contr. 2, 13, 5:

convolsis laceratisque membris,

id. ib. § 6; cf.

armos,

to wrench, dislocate, Col. 6, 16, 1:

teneros fetus,

i. e. to produce abortion, Ov. Am. 2, 14, 5.—

With designation of place from or out of which, etc.:

simulacrum Cereris e sacrario convellendum auferendumque curavit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72, § 187; cf. id. ib. §

186: me ex nostris hortulis,

id. Leg. 1, 21, 55:

viridem silvam ab humo,

Verg. A. 3, 24:

funem ab terrā,

id. G. 1, 457:

(turrim) convellimus altis sedibus,

id. A. 2, 464:

robora suā terrā,

Ov. M. 7, 204:

Roma prope convulsa sedibus suis,

Cic. Pis. 22, 52:

domus convulsa sedibus suis,

Plin. Ep. 9, 19, 8:

aspera undique nisu,

Val. Fl. 5, 159.—

Absol.:

haeserunt radice pedes. Convellere pugnat,

Ov. M. 9, 351.—

Milit. t. t.: signa, to pluck up the standards from the ground, to decamp (rare), Cic. Div. 1, 35, 77; Liv. 22, 3, 12; cf.

vexilla,

Tac. A. 1, 20.—

Medic. t. t.: convulsus ( - volsus), a, um, suffering from wrenching of a limb, Plin. 25, 8, 54, § 98; cf. id. 20, 5, 18, § 36; 20, 17, 69, § 178; or from convulsions, spasmodic, convulsive:

latus,

Suet. Tib. 72:

fauces,

Quint. 11, 3, 20.—

Trop., to cause to totter, to shake, to destroy, overthrow, bring to naught (syn.: labefacto, commoveo, commuto, infirmo;

esp. freq. in Cic.): est boni consulis, cum cuncta auxilia rei publicae labefactari convellique videat, ferre opëm patriae,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 1, 3;

so with labefactare: cogitationem,

id. Fam. 5, 13, 2 Manut.; cf. id. Clu. 2, 6:

rei publicae statum,

id. Pis. 2, 4:

ea quae non possint commoveri,

id. de Or. 2, 51, 205:

haec si tenemus, quae mihi quidem non videntur posse convelli,

id. Div. 1, 51, 117:

judicia, stipulationes, etc. (with infirmare),

id. Caecin. 18, 51:

convellere et commutare instituta omnium,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 6, § 15:

acta Dolabellae,

id. Phil. 2, 33, 83:

rem publicam judicio aliquo,

id. Brut. 30, 115:

gratiam Caesaris,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 50:

vires aegri,

Cels. 3, 4, 14; cf. id. ib. §

11: fidem legionum promissis,

Tac. H. 4, 30 fin.:

caede Messalinae convulsa principis domus,

id. A. 12, 1; cf. id. ib. 12, 65;

4, 40: Tiberius vi dominationis convulsus ( = abalienatus ab honestate) et mutatus,

id. ib. 6, 48:

fata,

Ov. H. 16, 41:

secutae sunt duae (epistulae), quae me convellerunt de pristino statu, jam tamen labantem,

Cic. Att. 8, 15, 2.—

To tear or rend to pieces, to cleave, dismember, shatter, break (perh. first in the poets of the Aug. per.).

Lit.:

dapes avido dente,

Ov. M. 11, 123: glaebam vomere, * Cat. 64, 40:

dehiscit Convolsum remis rostrisque tridentibus aequor,

Verg. A. 5, 143; 8, 690:

loca vi quondam et vastā convolsa ruinā,

id. ib. 3, 414:

septem (naves) convolsae undis Euroque supersunt,

shattered, id. ib. 1, 383; cf. Luc. 3, 528:

convulsi laniatique centuriones,

Tac. A. 1, 32:

domum,

id. ib. 6, 40.—

Trop.

Of words, to mutilate, mispronounce:

magno cursu verba convellere,

Sen. Ep. 40, 2.—

To afflict, torture:

verbis convellere pectus,

Ov. H. 17, 111.

ergā, praep. [syncop. for e-regā, from ex and root rag-, to reach upward, be upright; cf. ergo, v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 448 sqq.], over against, opposite to (cf.: adversus, versus, contra, e regione, e contrario).

Lit., of locality (ante- and post-classical and rare):

quae med erga aedes habet,

i. e. opposite me, Plaut. Truc. 2, 4, 55 (al. modo erga):

erga regiam,

App. Dogm. Plat. p. 9, 21.—

Trop.: aliquem, more rarely aliquid, of feelings and conduct towards a person.

Of friendly feelings, etc. (so mostly in class. lang.):

erga et in hoc differunt: fere enim erga ad affectum refertur, quasi erga illum benignus: in ad simultatem, quasi in illum sum saevus,

Charis. p. 208 P.; cf. Prisc. p. 989: ut eodem modo erga amicum affecti simus, [p. 655] quo erga nosmet ipsos... ut nostra in amicos benevolentia illorum erga nos benevolentiae pariter respondeat, Cic. Lael. 16; cf. id. Fin. 1, 20, 68; Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 47; id. Trin. 3, 1, 18:

erga aliquem benevolus,

id. Capt. 2, 2, 100; cf. id. Mil. 4, 6, 15; id. Rud. 5, 3, 33; Cic. de Or. 2, 43, 182; 2, 49, 201; Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 49; id. Cist. 1, 1, 111; cf. Cic. Fam. 1, 9:

divina bonitas erga homines,

id. N. D. 2, 23, 60:

perpetua erga populum Romanum fides,

Caes. B. G. 5, 44, 4; cf. id. B. C. 1, 84, 3; 2, 17, 2 et saep.:

te oro per mei te erga bonitatem patris,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 48; so,

te erga,

Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 24:

med erga,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 56:

se erga,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 15:

amicum erga,

Plaut. Trin. 5, 2, 4; cf.

the following.—Relating to things: cum in universam rem publicam, tum etiam erga meam salutem fide ac benevolentia singulari,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 1, 1; cf. id. Att. 8, 3, 2; Plin. Pan. 50, 4; Tac. A. 4, 20 al.—

Of unfriendly feelings, for the usual contra or adversus, against:

ne malus item erga me sit, ut illum erga fuit,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 3, 4; id. Aul. 4, 10, 62; id. Cas. 3, 4, 27; Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 36; Nep. Alcib. 4, 4:

odium, quod erga regem susceperant,

id. Dat. 10 fin.; id. Ham. 4 fin.; id. Hann. 1 fin.; Tac. H. 2, 99; 4, 49; id. A. 2, 2; cf.

transp.: med erga,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 5; id. Capt. 2, 3, 56; id. Ep. 3, 3, 9.—Relating to things:

res secundae valent commutare naturam, et raro quisquam erga bona sua satis cautus est,

against his own advantage, Curt. 10, 1, 40.—

In post-Aug. authors (esp. in Tacitus) in gen. of every kind of mental relation to a person or thing, to, towards, in respect to:

anxii erga Sejanum, cujus durior congressus,

Tac. A. 4, 74:

erga Germanicos exercitus laudes gratesque,

id. H. 2, 55 fin.; id. A. 11, 25 fin.:

prisco erga duces honore,

id. ib. 3, 74 fin.; cf. Plin. Pan. 55, 3:

suprema erga memoriam filii sui munera,

Tac. A. 3, 2; id. H. 1, 20:

atrociore semper fama erga dominantium exitus,

id. A. 4, 11; Amm. 16, 10; v. Hand Turs. II. pp. 437-440.

flecto, xi, xum, 3, v. a. and n. [root in Gr. pholkos, bandy-legged; phalkês, the bent rib of a ship; L. falx; falco, so called from the curve of its claws or beak; cf. Germ. Falke; Engl. falcon].

Act., to bend, bow, curve, turn, turn round (freq. and class.; syn.: plecto, plico, curvo).

Lit.

In gen.:

animal omne membra quocumque vult, flectit, contorquet, porrigit, contrahit,

Cic. Div. 1, 53, 120:

ora retro,

Ov. M. 3, 188:

vultus ad illum,

id. ib. 4, 265;

10, 236: lumina a gurgite in nullam partem,

id. ib. 8, 367:

geminas acies huc,

to turn, direct, Verg. A. 6, 789; cf.

oculos,

id. ib. 8, 698:

equos brevi moderari ac flectere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 33 fin.:

equum,

Hor. C. 3, 7, 25:

currum de foro in Capitolium,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 30, § 77:

plaustrum,

Ov. M. 10, 447: navem, Auct. B. Alex. 64 fin.:

habenas,

Ov. M. 2, 169:

cursus in orbem,

id. ib. 6, 225; cf.:

cursus in laevum,

id. Tr. 1, 10, 17:

iter ad Privernum,

Liv. 8, 19, 13 Drak. N. cr.:

iter Demetriadem,

id. 35, 31, 3:

tu (Bacche) flectis amnes, tu mare barbarum,

Hor. C. 2, 19, 17:

arcus,

to bend, Ov. M. 4, 303; cf.:

flexos incurvant viribus arcus,

Verg. A. 5, 500:

flexum genu,

Ov. M. 4, 340:

artus,

Liv. 21, 58, 9:

flexi crines,

curled, Mart. 3, 63, 3; 10, 65, 6; Juv. 6, 493:

flexum mare,

i.e. a bay, Tac. A. 14, 4:

flexi fractique motus,

contorted, Cic. Fin. 5, 12, 35:

hinc (silva) se flectit sinistrorsus,

Caes. B. G. 6, 25, 3.—Mid.: quasi amnis celeris rapit, sed tamen inflexu flectitur, Naev. ap. Non. 191, 34 (Trag. Rel. v. 42 Rib.):

(milvus) flectitur in gyrum,

wheels, Ov. M. 2, 718:

modo flector in anguem,

I bend, wind myself into a snake, id. ib. 8, 883:

sol ab ea (Cancri) meta incipit flecti,

Plin. 18, 28, 68, § 264: Euphrates ad meridiem flectitur, id. 6, 26, 30, § 125.—

In partic., naut. t. t., to go round or double a promontory:

cum in flectendis promontoriis ventorum mutationes maximas saepe sentiant,

Cic. Div. 2, 45, 94:

Leucaten flectere molestum videbatur,

id. Att. 5, 9, 1.—

Trop.

In gen., to bend, turn, direct:

ducere multimodis voces et flectere cantus,

Lucr. 5, 1406:

vocem,

Ov. Am. 2, 4, 25:

qui teneros et rudes cum acceperunt, inficiunt et flectunt, ut volunt,

Cic. Leg. 1, 17, 47; cf.:

imbecillitatem animorum torquere et flectere,

id. ib. 1, 10, 29:

suam naturam huc et illuc torquere ac flectere,

id. Cael. 6, 13:

vitam flectere fingereque,

id. Sull. 28, 79:

mentes suas ad nostrum imperium nomenque,

id. Balb. 17, 39:

aliquem a proposito,

Liv. 28, 22, 11:

scribentis animum a vero,

id. 1 praef. 5:

animus ab aliqua opinione flectendus,

Quint. 4, 2, 80:

animos ad publica carmina,

Ov. Tr. 5, 1, 23: quo vobis mentes... dementes sese flexere viaï? Enn. ap. Cic. de Sen. 6, 16 (Ann. v. 209 ed. Vahl.):

est viri et ducis oblata casu flectere ad consilium,

Liv. 28, 44, 8:

juvenis cereus in vitium flecti,

Hor. A. P. 163:

quod procul a nobis flectat Fortuna gubernans,

turn aside, avert, Lucr. 5, 108.—

In partic.

To bend (in opinion or in will), to move, persuade, prevail upon, overcome, soften, appease (cf.:

moveo, afficio): quibus rebus ita flectebar animo atque frangebar, ut, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 6, 18:

sed quid te oratione flectam?... qua re flecte te, quaeso,

id. Phil. 1, 14, 35: facile Achivos flexeris, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4, 3 (Trag. v. 229 ed. Vahl.):

judices,

Quint. 6, 1, 9:

flectere mollibus jam durum imperiis,

Hor. C. 4, 1, 6:

precibus si flecteris ullis,

Verg. A. 2, 689:

flectere si nequeo Superos, Acheronta movebo,

id. ib. 7, 312; cf.:

nisi dii immortales suo numine prope fata ipsa flexissent,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 19:

desine fata deum flecti sperare precando,

Verg. A. 6, 376:

animos commutare atque omni ratione flectere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 52 fin.:

ingenium alicujus aversum,

Sall. J. 102, 3:

si quem a proposito spes mollitiave animi flexisset,

divert, dissuade, Liv. 28, 22, 11: dictis nostris sententia flexa est, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 257 Müll. (Ann. v. 264 ed. Vahl.):

si flectitur ira deorum,

Ov. M. 1, 378: cf. id. Tr. 3, 5, 41:

hortaturque simul flectitque labores,

soothes, Stat. S. 5, 1, 119:

ad deditionem primos,

Liv. 5, 43, 1.—Mid.:

plurimum valet miseratio, quae judicem flecti non tantum cogit, sed, etc.,

to let himself be moved, Quint. 6, 1, 23:

flexi in misericordiam,

Amm. 12, 27.—

(Acc. to I. A. 2.) To turn aside from, to avoid a thing:

ut eam (viam) flectas, te rogo,

Cic. Att. 11, 18, 2 (but B. and K. ex conj. C. F. Hermann read ira, v. a. sup.); cf.:

flexit viam,

Liv. 1, 60, 1:

dolo a se flexos imputavit civilis,

Tac. H. 5, 24.—

To refer to or apply to any one:

versus qui in Tiberium flecterentur,

Tac. A. 6, 29:

Augustus quaedam ex horrida illa antiquitate ad praesentem usum flexisset,

id. ib. 4, 16.—

In grammar.

To form a word from another language:

verba derivare, flectere, conjungere,

Quint. 8, 3, 36:

hoc vocabulum (pollex) de Graeco flexum est,

Gell. 4, 3 fin. —

To decline, conjugate, inflect, Varr. L. L. 10, 2, 29 al.—

Flectere syllabam, to mark with the circumflex accent, and hence, to lengthen, Quint. 1, 5, 23 Spald. and Zumpt.

Neutr., to turn, go, or march in any direction (post-Aug.).

Lit.:

cum procul hos laevo flectentes limite cernunt,

Verg. A. 9, 372:

ex Gabino in Tusculanos flexere colles,

Liv. 3, 8, 6;

Hasdrubal ad Oceanum flectit,

id. 28, 16, 3:

inde Vitellius Cremonam flexit,

Tac. H. 2, 70:

in Capitolium,

Suet. Tib. 20.—

Trop., of thought or speech, to turn in any direction:

ad providentiam sapientiamque,

Tac. A. 13, 3:

in ambitionem,

id. ib. 4, 37:

a veneratione Augusti orsus flexit ad victorias Tiberii,

id. ib. 1, 34.—Hence, flexus, a, um, P. a.

Lit., bent, winding:

error,

Ov. M. 8, 160:

zodiacus circa Cancrum Capricornumque flexior,

Mart. Cap. 8, § 878.—In neutr. plur. subst.: collium flexa, Minuc. Fel. Octav. 17.—

Trop., of tones, lengthened:

infinito magis illa flexa et circumducta sunt,

Quint. 11, 3, 172.

in-fit, v. def. (infĭunt, Mart. Cap. 2, § 220: infe arxai, Gloss.: infĭo, Varr. ap. Prisc. 8 fin.), he ( she, it), begins:

infit me percontarier,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 76: laudare formam virginis, id. Rud. prol. 51. postulare plorans ejulans, ut, etc., id. Aul. 2, 4, 39:

commutare animum (with adoritur),

Lucr. 3, 515:

erigere caput,

id. 5, 1208:

ita farier,

Verg. A. 11, 242. —

In partic.

He begins to speak:

his vocibus infit,

Verg. A. 5, 708; cf.:

talibus,

id. ib. 10, 860:

tum ita Tullus infit: Romani, etc.,

Liv. 1, 28, 4; cf. with acc. and inf.:

ibi infit, annum se tertium et octogesimum agere,

Liv. 3, 71, 6. —

In gen., he speaks, Prud. Apoth. 805.

trī̆plex, ĭcis (abl. regularly triplici;

triplice,

Prud. Apoth. 383; Ven. Carm. 7, 4, 12), adj. [ter-plico], threefold, triple.

Lit.

Adj.:

Plato triplicem finxit animum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20:

philosophandi ratio triplex,

id. Ac. 1, 5, 19: nec me pastoris Iberi Forma triplex, nec forma triplex tua, Cerbere, movit, Ov M. 9, 185: cuspis, i. e. Neptune ' s trident, id. ib. 12, 594:

mundus (because made up of sky, land, and sea),

id. ib. 12, 40:

regnum (because shared among Jupiter, Neptune, and Pluto),

id. ib. 5, 368: vultus Dianae (because also Luna and Hecate;

v. triceps and triformis),

id. H. 12, 79: triplicem aciem instruere, to draw up an army in three lines or columns, to form a triple line, Caes. B. G. 1, 24; so,

acies,

id. ib. 1, 51; id. B. C. 1, 41; 1, 83 al.; cf.

comically: paravi copias duplices, triplices dolos. perfidias,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 1, 5:

vallus, Auct. B. Alex. 2, 3: murus,

Verg. A. 6, 549; Ov. F. 3, 801:

aes,

Verg. A. 10, 784; Hor. C. 1, 3, 9:

triplici stant ordine dentes,

Ov. M. 3, 34 et saep. — Poet., of three like persons or things belonging together: triplices Sorores, [p. 1901] the three sisters, i. e. the Fates, Ov. M. 8, 452;

called triplices deae,

id. ib. 2, 654; cf.:

quae ratum triplici pollice netis opus,

i. e. the finger of the three Fates, id. Ib. 76: poenarum deae triplices, i. e. the Furies, id. M, 8, 481:

Minyeïdes,

i. e. the three daughters of Minyas, id. ib. 4, 425:

greges,

three bands of Bacchantes, Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 24; cf.

gens,

three clans, Verg. A. 10, 202. —

trī̆plex, ĭcis, n., three times as much, a threefold portion, triple: sume tibi decies; tibi tantundem;

tibi triplex,

Hor. S. 2 3, 237; cf.:

pediti in singulos dati centeni (denarii), duplex centurioni, triplex equiti,

Liv. 45, 40, 5; 45, 43, 7:

olei veteris triplex adicitur,

Scrib. Comp. 218. —

trī̆plĭces, ĭum, m. (sc. codicilli), a writing-tablet with three leaves, Cic. Att. 13, 8, 1; Mart. 7, 72, 2; 10, 87, 6; 14, 6, 1.—

Transf., very great or strong: triplici fluctu, Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 116 (id. H. 4, 23 Dietsch). — Adv.: trĭplĭcĭter, in a threefold manner, in three ways:

commutare,

Auct. Her. 4, 42, 54: l littera tripliciter sonat, Mart. Cap. 3, 54.

trī̆plex, ĭcis (abl. regularly triplici;

triplice,

Prud. Apoth. 383; Ven. Carm. 7, 4, 12), adj. [ter-plico], threefold, triple.

Lit.

Adj.:

Plato triplicem finxit animum,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 10, 20:

philosophandi ratio triplex,

id. Ac. 1, 5, 19: nec me pastoris Iberi Forma triplex, nec forma triplex tua, Cerbere, movit, Ov M. 9, 185: cuspis, i. e. Neptune ' s trident, id. ib. 12, 594:

mundus (because made up of sky, land, and sea),

id. ib. 12, 40:

regnum (because shared among Jupiter, Neptune, and Pluto),

id. ib. 5, 368: vultus Dianae (because also Luna and Hecate;

v. triceps and triformis),

id. H. 12, 79: triplicem aciem instruere, to draw up an army in three lines or columns, to form a triple line, Caes. B. G. 1, 24; so,

acies,

id. ib. 1, 51; id. B. C. 1, 41; 1, 83 al.; cf.

comically: paravi copias duplices, triplices dolos. perfidias,

Plaut. Ps. 2, 1, 5:

vallus, Auct. B. Alex. 2, 3: murus,

Verg. A. 6, 549; Ov. F. 3, 801:

aes,

Verg. A. 10, 784; Hor. C. 1, 3, 9:

triplici stant ordine dentes,

Ov. M. 3, 34 et saep. — Poet., of three like persons or things belonging together: triplices Sorores, [p. 1901] the three sisters, i. e. the Fates, Ov. M. 8, 452;

called triplices deae,

id. ib. 2, 654; cf.:

quae ratum triplici pollice netis opus,

i. e. the finger of the three Fates, id. Ib. 76: poenarum deae triplices, i. e. the Furies, id. M, 8, 481:

Minyeïdes,

i. e. the three daughters of Minyas, id. ib. 4, 425:

greges,

three bands of Bacchantes, Prop. 3, 17 (4, 16), 24; cf.

gens,

three clans, Verg. A. 10, 202. —

trī̆plex, ĭcis, n., three times as much, a threefold portion, triple: sume tibi decies; tibi tantundem;

tibi triplex,

Hor. S. 2 3, 237; cf.:

pediti in singulos dati centeni (denarii), duplex centurioni, triplex equiti,

Liv. 45, 40, 5; 45, 43, 7:

olei veteris triplex adicitur,

Scrib. Comp. 218. —

trī̆plĭces, ĭum, m. (sc. codicilli), a writing-tablet with three leaves, Cic. Att. 13, 8, 1; Mart. 7, 72, 2; 10, 87, 6; 14, 6, 1.—

Transf., very great or strong: triplici fluctu, Sall. Fragm. ap. Serv. Verg. A. 1, 116 (id. H. 4, 23 Dietsch). — Adv.: trĭplĭcĭter, in a threefold manner, in three ways:

commutare,

Auct. Her. 4, 42, 54: l littera tripliciter sonat, Mart. Cap. 3, 54.