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command+reference

  • 81 directriz

    f.
    1 directrix (Mat).
    2 directive, command, order, guideline.
    * * *
    1 guiding
    1 MATEMÁTICAS directrix
    1 instructions
    \
    líneas directrices guidelines
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=norma) guideline
    2) (Mat) directrix
    * * *
    femenino (Mat) directrix; ( guía) guideline, principle; ( instrucción) directive
    * * *
    = directive, guideline, ground rule.
    Ex. This directive is not an instruction and does not prevent adherence to the citation order.
    Ex. It should be noted that the present guidelines are intended to govern the display of authority and reference entries in print and micro-print only.
    Ex. It is possible to lay down some ground rules about the way various elements in a citation should be treated.
    ----
    * dar directrices = give + guidance, provide + guidance.
    * directrices = framework, guidance, in-house guidelines.
    * directriz comunitaria = Community directive.
    * establecer directrices = chart + direction.
    * ofrecer directrices = provide + guidance.
    * recomendar directrices = provide + guidelines.
    * sugerir unas directrices = put forward + recommendations.
    * trazar directrices = chart + direction.
    * * *
    femenino (Mat) directrix; ( guía) guideline, principle; ( instrucción) directive
    * * *
    = directive, guideline, ground rule.

    Ex: This directive is not an instruction and does not prevent adherence to the citation order.

    Ex: It should be noted that the present guidelines are intended to govern the display of authority and reference entries in print and micro-print only.
    Ex: It is possible to lay down some ground rules about the way various elements in a citation should be treated.
    * dar directrices = give + guidance, provide + guidance.
    * directrices = framework, guidance, in-house guidelines.
    * directriz comunitaria = Community directive.
    * establecer directrices = chart + direction.
    * ofrecer directrices = provide + guidance.
    * recomendar directrices = provide + guidelines.
    * sugerir unas directrices = put forward + recommendations.
    * trazar directrices = chart + direction.

    * * *
    1 ( Mat) directrix
    2 (guía) guideline, principle
    3 (instrucción) directive
    * * *

    directriz sustantivo femenino (Mat) directrix;
    ( guía) guideline, principle;
    ( instrucción) directive
    ' directriz' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    directiva
    English:
    guideline
    - directive
    - ground
    * * *
    1.
    directrices [normas] guidelines;
    seguir las directrices marcadas to follow the established guidelines
    2. Mat directrix
    * * *
    f guideline
    * * *
    directriz nf, pl - trices : guideline

    Spanish-English dictionary > directriz

  • 82 economía

    f.
    1 economy, saving, sparingness, thrift.
    2 economics.
    * * *
    2 (ciencia) economics
    3 (ahorro) economy, saving
    4 (moderación) economy, thrift, thriftiness
    1 savings
    \
    hacer economías to economize
    economía de libre mercado free market economy
    economía de mercado market economy
    economía doméstica housekeeping
    economía sumergida black economy
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) [gen] economy

    economía de libre empresa, economía de libre mercado — free-market economy

    economía doméstica — domestic service, home economics

    economía subterránea, economía sumergida — underground economy, black economy

    2) (=estudio) economics sing
    3) (=ahorro) economy, saving

    hacer economías — to make economies, economize

    4) (tb: (Ministerio de) Economía (y Hacienda)) Ministry of Finance, Treasury Department (EEUU)
    * * *
    1) ( ciencia) economics
    2) ( de país) economy
    3) ( ahorro)
    4) (de persona, familia) finances (pl)
    * * *
    = economics, economy [economies, pl.], saving, inexpensiveness, thrift.
    Ex. The social sciences class, 300, subsumes economics, Politics, Law and Education.
    Ex. In the interest of economy, and in order to avoid an overcomplex catalogue these rules recommend selective use of added entries.
    Ex. Instead, a large scale saving of index entries is achieved by producing a general or blanket reference in some such form as the following: DICTIONARIES See names of individual subjects.
    Ex. Applications of bibliographic data conversion warrant serious consideration given their availability and inexpensiveness.
    Ex. With his interest in the process of making something, the craftsman embodies the traditional work ethic, with his respect for people and his concern for quality and thrift.
    ----
    * controlar la economía = control + the purse strings.
    * economía agrícola = agricultural economy.
    * economía avanzada = advanced economy.
    * economía basada en el conocimiento = knowledge driven economy.
    * economía de gestión = managerial economics.
    * economía de la información = information economy.
    * economía del conocimiento = knowledge economy.
    * economía de mercado = market economy, market economics.
    * economía de negocios = managerial economics.
    * economía de subsistencia = subsistence economy.
    * economía electrónica = e-economy (electronic economy), e-conomy (electronic economy).
    * economía emergente = emerging economy.
    * economía empresarial = business economics, managerial economics.
    * economía en vías de desarrollo = transitional economy, developing economy.
    * economía gerencial = managerial economics.
    * economía internacional = international economy.
    * economía mundial, la = world economy, the.
    * economía personal = personal finance.
    * economía rural = rural economy.
    * economia sumergida = informal economy, underground economy.
    * estimular la economía = stimulate + the economy, spur + the economy.
    * incentivar la economía = stimulate + the economy.
    * inyectar dinero en la economía = pump + money into the economy.
    * Ministerio de Economía y Hacienda = Lord Chancellor's Office.
    * Ministro de Economía = Chancellor of the Exchequer.
    * prensa de economía, la = business press, the.
    * * *
    1) ( ciencia) economics
    2) ( de país) economy
    3) ( ahorro)
    4) (de persona, familia) finances (pl)
    * * *
    = economics, economy [economies, pl.], saving, inexpensiveness, thrift.

    Ex: The social sciences class, 300, subsumes economics, Politics, Law and Education.

    Ex: In the interest of economy, and in order to avoid an overcomplex catalogue these rules recommend selective use of added entries.
    Ex: Instead, a large scale saving of index entries is achieved by producing a general or blanket reference in some such form as the following: DICTIONARIES See names of individual subjects.
    Ex: Applications of bibliographic data conversion warrant serious consideration given their availability and inexpensiveness.
    Ex: With his interest in the process of making something, the craftsman embodies the traditional work ethic, with his respect for people and his concern for quality and thrift.
    * controlar la economía = control + the purse strings.
    * economía agrícola = agricultural economy.
    * economía avanzada = advanced economy.
    * economía basada en el conocimiento = knowledge driven economy.
    * economía de gestión = managerial economics.
    * economía de la información = information economy.
    * economía del conocimiento = knowledge economy.
    * economía de mercado = market economy, market economics.
    * economía de negocios = managerial economics.
    * economía de subsistencia = subsistence economy.
    * economía electrónica = e-economy (electronic economy), e-conomy (electronic economy).
    * economía emergente = emerging economy.
    * economía empresarial = business economics, managerial economics.
    * economía en vías de desarrollo = transitional economy, developing economy.
    * economía gerencial = managerial economics.
    * economía internacional = international economy.
    * economía mundial, la = world economy, the.
    * economía personal = personal finance.
    * economía rural = rural economy.
    * economia sumergida = informal economy, underground economy.
    * estimular la economía = stimulate + the economy, spur + the economy.
    * incentivar la economía = stimulate + the economy.
    * inyectar dinero en la economía = pump + money into the economy.
    * Ministerio de Economía y Hacienda = Lord Chancellor's Office.
    * Ministro de Economía = Chancellor of the Exchequer.
    * prensa de economía, la = business press, the.

    * * *
    A (ciencia) economics
    Compuestos:
    health economics
    home economics, domestic science
    political economy
    B (de un país) economy
    una economía floreciente/débil/en desarrollo a flourishing/weak/developing economy
    Compuestos:
    free market economy
    knowledge economy
    market economy
    planned o controlled economy
    tiger economy
    black economy
    mixed economy
    black economy
    planned economy
    ( Esp) black economy, underground economy ( AmE)
    C
    (ahorro): tenemos que hacer economías we have to make economies o to economize o to save money o to make savings
    es una falsa economía it's a false economy
    expresó sus ideas con economía de palabras she expressed her ideas succinctly o concisely
    Compuesto:
    fpl economies of scale
    D (de una persona, familia) finances (pl)
    * * *

     

    economía sustantivo femenino



    c) ( ahorro):


    d) (de persona, familia) finances (pl)

    economía sustantivo femenino
    1 economy: la economía del país ha empeorado, the economy has gone into decline
    2 (rama del saber) economics
    3 (de tiempo, esfuerzo, etc) economy, saving: arregló toda su casa con una gran economía de medios, he did up the house as cheaply as he could
    Fíjate en la diferencia entre economics, ciencias económicas, y economy, economía en sentido general: economía sumergida, black economy; economía de mercado, market economy.
    ' economía' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cartera
    - de
    - económica
    - económico
    - enfriar
    - ministra
    - ministro
    - resurgimiento
    - salud
    - sanear
    - saneada
    - saneado
    - saneamiento
    - sangría
    - activar
    - anquilosado
    - anquilosarse
    - boyante
    - crecer
    - débil
    - debilitar
    - frágil
    - informal
    - levantar
    - paralizar
    - regir
    English:
    backbone
    - bounce back
    - chancellor
    - economics
    - economy
    - growth
    - head
    - healthy
    - pick up
    - plan
    - rally
    - revitalize
    - revival
    - revive
    - slump
    - strength
    - strong
    - trading nation
    - upturn
    - weak
    - domestic
    - financial
    - grow
    - road
    - thrift
    * * *
    1. [actividad productiva] economy;
    la economía mundial the global o world economy
    economía capitalista capitalist economy;
    economía dirigida command economy;
    economía doméstica housekeeping;
    economía de empresa enterprise economy;
    Am economía informal black economy;
    economía de libre empresa enterprise economy;
    economía de libre mercado free-market economy;
    economía de mercado market economy;
    economía mixta mixed economy;
    economía planificada planned economy;
    economía social de mercado social market economy;
    economía socialista socialist economy;
    economía de subsistencia subsistence economy;
    economía sumergida black economy, hidden
    2. [ciencia, estudio] economics [singular]
    economía aplicada applied economics;
    economía de empresas business economics;
    economía familiar home economics;
    economía política political economy
    3. [situación económica] [de persona, familia] finances
    4. [ahorro] saving;
    por economía de espacio to save space;
    hacer algo con gran economía de medios to do sth with the optimum use of resources;
    hacer economías to economize o make economies
    economía de escala economy of scale
    * * *
    f
    1 economy;
    hacer economías economize, make economies
    2 ciencia economics sg
    * * *
    1) : economy
    2) : economics
    * * *
    1. (de un país) economy [pl. economies]
    2. (estudios) economics

    Spanish-English dictionary > economía

  • 83 AT

    I) prep.
    A. with dative.
    I. Of motion;
    1) towards, against;
    Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;
    hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;
    Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;
    þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;
    3) to, at;
    koma at landi, to come to land;
    ganga at dómi, to go into court;
    4) along (= eptir);
    ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;
    dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;
    refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;
    5) denoting hostility;
    renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;
    gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;
    6) around;
    vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;
    bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;
    7) denoting business, engagement;
    ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;
    fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.
    II. Of position, &c.;
    1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;
    at kirkju, at church;
    at dómi, in court;
    at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;
    2) denoting participation in;
    vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;
    3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;
    kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;
    var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;
    4) with proper names of places (farms);
    konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;
    biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;
    at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;
    5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;
    at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;
    at Marðar, at Mara’s home;
    at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;
    at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).
    III. Of time;
    1) at, in;
    at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;
    at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;
    at páskum, at Easter;
    at kveldi, at eventide;
    at fjöru, at the ebb;
    at flœðum, at the floodtide;
    2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;
    at ári komanda, next year;
    at vári, er kemr, next spring;
    generally with ‘komanda’ understood;
    at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;
    3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;
    at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;
    at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;
    at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;
    at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;
    at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;
    at honum önduðum, after his death;
    4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;
    hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;
    skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;
    at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.
    IV. fig. and in various uses;
    1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;
    brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;
    verða at ormi, to become a snake;
    2) for, as;
    gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;
    eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;
    3) by;
    taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;
    draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;
    kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;
    auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;
    vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;
    5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;
    ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;
    6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;
    faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);
    aðili at sök = aðili sakar;
    7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;
    hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;
    mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;
    tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;
    kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;
    8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;
    Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);
    þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;
    hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;
    9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);
    at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;
    at landslögum, by the law of the land;
    at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;
    10) in adverbial phrases;
    gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;
    bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;
    at fullu, fully;
    at vísu, surely;
    at frjálsu, freely;
    at eilífu, for ever and ever;
    at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;
    at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;
    at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.
    B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);
    sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;
    at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;
    connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;
    at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.
    1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;
    at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;
    2) in an objective sense;
    hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;
    gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;
    3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).
    1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;
    hón grét at meir, she wept the more;
    þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;
    þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;
    2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);
    þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;
    sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.
    conj., that;
    1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;
    þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;
    vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;
    2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;
    svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;
    3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);
    4) since, because, as (= því at);
    5) connected with þó, því, svá;
    þó at (with subj.), though, although;
    því at, because, for;
    svá at, so that;
    6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;
    þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;
    þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;
    áðr at (= á. en), before;
    7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;
    Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;
    in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.
    V)
    negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.
    odda at, Yggs at, battle.
    * * *
    1.
    and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.
    Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.
    WITH DAT.
    A. LOC.
    I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:
    1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.
    2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.
    3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)
    4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.
    5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.
    β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.
    6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.
    β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.
    γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.
    7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.
    β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.
    8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.
    β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.
    II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.
    2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.
    3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:
    α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.
    β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.
    γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.
    4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.
    5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.
    6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.
    β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.
    γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.
    7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.
    B. TEMP.
    I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.
    II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.
    β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.
    III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:
    1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,
    2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.
    IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:
    1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.
    2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.
    3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.
    V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.
    2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.
    C. METAPH. and in various cases:
    I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:
    α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.
    β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.
    II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.
    2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.
    III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.
    IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.
    2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)
    3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.
    4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.
    5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.
    6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.
    β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.
    V. denoting the source of a thing:
    1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.
    2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.
    VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.
    VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.
    VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.
    β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.
    IX. following many words:
    1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.
    β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …
    γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.
    δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.
    2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.
    3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.
    WITH ACC.
    TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.
    ☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.
    2.
    and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.
    I. it is used either,
    1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,
    2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.
    β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).
    3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.
    II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:
    α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.
    β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.
    γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.
    δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.
    ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.
    ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.
    η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.
    θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.
    3.
    and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.
    I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.
    II. it is used,
    1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.
    2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.
    β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.
    γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.
    III. used in connection with conjunctions,
    1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.
    α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.
    β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.
    γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.
    2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.
    IV. as a relat. conj.:
    1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.
    2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.
    V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.
    4.
    and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.
    5.
    n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.
    β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.
    6.
    the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT

  • 84 наведение

    aiming, ( на цель) directing рлк, guidance, guidance control, induction, laying радио, pointing, vector
    * * *
    наведе́ние с. ( управление полетом ЛА)
    guidance
    астроинерциа́льное наведе́ние — inertial-celestial guidance
    гиперболи́ческое наведе́ние — hyperbolic guidance
    наведе́ние для встре́чи на орби́те — rendezvous guidance
    инерциа́льное наведе́ние — inertial guidance
    интерферометри́ческое наведе́ние — interferometer [monopulse] guidance
    кома́ндное наведе́ние — command guidance
    магнитометри́ческое наведе́ние — magnetometric guidance
    наведе́ние на коне́чном уча́стке полё́та — terminal guidance
    наведе́ние на ма́ршевом уча́стке полё́та — mid-course guidance
    наведе́ние на ста́ртовом уча́стке — launch guidance
    опти́ческое наведе́ние — optical guidance
    наведе́ние по геофизи́ческим пара́метрам — terrestrial-reference guidance
    наведе́ние по земны́м ориенти́рам — terrestrial(-reference) guidance
    наведе́ние по ла́зерному лучу́ — laser guidance
    наведе́ние по лучу́ — beam guidance
    наведе́ние при захо́де на поса́дку — approach guidance
    наведе́ние при стыко́вке — docking guidance
    радиоинерциа́льное наведе́ние — radioinertial guidance
    радиолокацио́нное наведе́ние — radar guidance
    наведе́ние с земли́ — earth-based guidance

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > наведение

  • 85 ab

    ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:

    AF VOBEIS,

    Inscr. Orell. 3114;

    AF MVRO,

    ib. 6601;

    AF CAPVA,

    ib. 3308;

    AF SOLO,

    ib. 589;

    AF LYCO,

    ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):

    abs chorago,

    Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):

    abs quivis,

    Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

    abs terra,

    Cato, R. R. 51;

    and in compounds: aps-cessero,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;

    and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,

    id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).
    I.
    In space, and,
    II.
    Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.
    I.
    Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):

    Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    fuga ab urbe turpissima,

    Cic. Att. 7, 21:

    ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,

    Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:

    illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,

    all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:

    venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,

    Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.
    b.
    Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:

    oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:

    quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:

    ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:

    protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,

    id. ib. 1, 25, 2:

    profecti a domo,

    Liv. 40, 33, 2;

    of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:

    classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,

    Liv. 8, 22, 6;

    of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,

    Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:

    legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,

    id. 24, 40, 2.
    c.
    Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):

    Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:

    libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,

    Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

    Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,

    id. Att. 7, 24:

    cum a vobis discessero,

    id. Sen. 22:

    multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,

    Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

    so a fratre,

    id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

    a Pontio,

    Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:

    ab ea,

    Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.
    B.
    Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.
    1.
    Of separation:

    ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:

    abesse a domo paulisper maluit,

    id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:

    tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,

    Sall. C. 40, 5:

    absint lacerti ab stabulis,

    Verg. G. 4, 14.—
    2.
    Of distance:

    quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

    Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:

    nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,

    id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:

    hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:

    terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

    non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):

    cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,

    Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:

    qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:

    quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

    procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:

    tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,

    Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;

    v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:

    tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,

    id. Pis. 11, 26; and:

    tam prope ab domo detineri,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:

    onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,

    eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:

    duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,

    id. 37, 38, 5). —
    3.
    To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:

    picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,

    Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:

    pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

    on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

    non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,

    at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:

    erat a septentrionibus collis,

    on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).
    II.
    Fig.
    A.
    In time.
    1.
    From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:

    Exul ab octava Marius bibit,

    Juv. 1,40:

    mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,

    immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:

    Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    ab hac contione legati missi sunt,

    immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:

    ab eo magistratu,

    after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:

    a summa spe novissima exspectabat,

    after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:

    ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,

    Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:

    confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,

    Liv. 30, 36, 1:

    statim a funere,

    Suet. Caes. 85;

    and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,

    id. ib. 60:

    protinus ab adoptione,

    Vell. 2, 104, 3:

    Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,

    soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—

    Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,

    i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:

    secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,

    i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.
    2.
    With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:

    ab hora tertia bibebatur,

    from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:

    infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,

    since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:

    vixit ab omni aeternitate,

    from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:

    cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,

    Nep. Att. 5, 3:

    in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,

    after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:

    centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,

    since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

    cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,

    id. Sen. 6, 19; and:

    ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,

    since, Sall. C. 47, 2:

    diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:

    quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,

    since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:

    jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,

    from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:

    cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:

    a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,

    Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:

    pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,

    from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.
    b.
    Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:

    qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,

    from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:

    mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,

    Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,

    a pueritia,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

    jam inde ab adulescentia,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:

    ab adulescentia,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 1:

    jam a prima adulescentia,

    id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

    ab ineunte adulescentia,

    id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.

    followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

    a primis temporibus aetatis,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

    a teneris unguiculis,

    from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:

    usque a toga pura,

    id. Att. 7, 8, 5:

    jam inde ab incunabulis,

    Liv. 4, 36, 5:

    a prima lanugine,

    Suet. Oth. 12:

    viridi ab aevo,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;

    rarely of animals: ab infantia,

    Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:

    qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,

    Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,

    a pausillo puero,

    id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:

    a puero,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:

    a pueris,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:

    ab adulescente,

    id. Quint. 3, 12:

    ab infante,

    Col. 1, 8, 2:

    a parva virgine,

    Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:

    a parvis,

    Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

    a parvulo,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:

    ab parvulis,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:

    ab tenero,

    Col. 5, 6, 20;

    and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.
    B.
    In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.
    1.
    In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

    suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:

    qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

    hic ab artificio suo non recessit,

    id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:

    quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

    condicionem quam ab te peto,

    id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:

    mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

    si quid ab illo acceperis,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:

    quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

    ab defensione desistere,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:

    ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,

    id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:

    ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):

    qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,

    the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:

    tu nunc eris alter ab illo,

    next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:

    Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,

    next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

    quid hoc ab illo differt,

    from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:

    hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,

    id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:

    discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,

    id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):

    quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7:

    alieno a te animo fuit,

    id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):

    subdole ab re consulit,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:

    haut est ab re aucupis,

    Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:

    non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,

    Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

    a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,

    Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

    ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

    id. ib. 1, 3:

    disputata ab eo,

    id. ib. 1, 4 al.:

    illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,

    id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

    ita generati a natura sumus,

    id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:

    pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,

    Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:

    niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:

    quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,

    is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:

    salvebis a meo Cicerone,

    i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:

    a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,

    i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:

    ne vir ab hoste cadat,

    Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):

    levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:

    a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,

    id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    si calor est a sole,

    id. N. D. 2, 52:

    ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),

    id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

    metu poenae a Romanis,

    Liv. 32, 23, 9:

    bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,

    id. 3, 22, 2:

    ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,

    id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:

    lassus ab equo indomito,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:

    Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,

    Prop. 5, 1, 126:

    tempus a nostris triste malis,

    time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:

    vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?

    by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,

    ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),

    Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:

    si postulatur a populo,

    if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:

    deseror conjuge,

    Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;

    and in prose,

    Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:

    ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

    (urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.
    b.
    With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:

    pastores a Pergamide,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:

    Turnus ab Aricia,

    Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):

    obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,

    Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.
    c.
    In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:

    (sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,

    id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)
    d.
    With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:

    da, puere, ab summo,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,

    da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:

    coepere a fame mala,

    Liv. 4, 12, 7:

    cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,

    tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:

    a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

    Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.
    e.
    With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:

    a foliis et stercore purgato,

    Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:

    tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

    Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:

    Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,

    Liv. 21, 11, 5:

    expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

    haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):

    ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,

    Sall. C. 32:

    ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,

    Liv. 21, 35, 12:

    ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,

    Cic. Sest. 64, 133.
    f.
    With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:

    el metul a Chryside,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:

    ab Hannibale metuens,

    Liv. 23, 36; and:

    metus a praetore,

    id. 23, 15, 7;

    v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,

    Cic. Sull. 20, 59:

    postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,

    you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.
    g.
    With verbs of fastening and holding:

    funiculus a puppi religatus,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

    cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,

    Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.
    h.
    Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:

    a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,

    Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.
    i.
    Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):

    id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 22.
    j.
    Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:

    doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,

    Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:

    a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

    id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:

    a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,

    a frigore laborantibus,

    Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:

    laborare ab re frumentaria,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.
    k.
    Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:

    ab ingenio improbus,

    Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

    a me pudica'st,

    id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:

    orba ab optimatibus contio,

    Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):

    locus copiosus a frumento,

    Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:

    sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,

    id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:

    ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,

    id. Brut. 16, 63:

    ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,

    Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;

    so often in poets ab arte=arte,

    artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.
    l.
    In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:

    linguam ab irrisu exserentem,

    thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:

    ab honore,

    id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.
    m.
    Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:

    ab illo injuria,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:

    fulgor ab auro,

    Lucr. 2, 5:

    dulces a fontibus undae,

    Verg. G. 2, 243.
    n.
    In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:

    scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

    nonnuill ab novissimis,

    id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).
    o.
    In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:

    qui sunt ab ea disciplina,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

    ab eo qui sunt,

    id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

    nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,

    id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).
    p.
    To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;

    in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,

    one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,

    a manu servus,

    a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).
    q.
    The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:

    a peregre,

    Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:

    a foris,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:

    ab intus,

    ib. ib. 7, 15:

    ab invicem,

    App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:

    a longe,

    Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:

    a modo,

    ib. ib. 23, 39;

    Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,

    Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:

    a sursum,

    ib. Marc. 15, 38.
    ► a.
    Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:

    Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,

    Cic. Pis. 37, 91:

    a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?

    id. Sen. 6:

    a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?

    id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

    res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,

    id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—
    b.
    Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—
    c.
    It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:

    a vitae periculo,

    Cic. Brut. 91, 313:

    a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,

    id. Arch. 6, 12:

    a minus bono,

    Sall. C. 2, 6:

    a satis miti principio,

    Liv. 1, 6, 4:

    damnis dives ab ipsa suis,

    Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—
    d.
    The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):

    aque Chao,

    Verg. G. 4, 347:

    aque mero,

    Ov. M. 3, 631:

    aque viro,

    id. H. 6, 156:

    aque suis,

    id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:

    a meque,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

    abs teque,

    id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

    a teque,

    id. ib. 8, 11, §

    7: a primaque adulescentia,

    id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —
    e.
    A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.
    III.
    In composition ab,
    1.
    Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—
    2.
    It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ab

  • 86 dico

    1.
    dĭco, āvi, ātum, 1 (dixe for dixisse, Val. Ant. ap. Arn. 5, 1; DICASSIT dixerit, Paul. ex Fest. p. 75, 15; rather = dicaverit), v. a. [orig. the same word with 2. dīco; cf. the meaning of abdĭco and abdīco, of indĭco and indīco, dedĭco, no. II. A. al., Corss. Ausspr. 1, 380].
    I.
    To proclaim, make known. So perh. only in the foll. passage: pugnam, Lucil. ap. Non. 287, 30.—Far more freq.,
    II.
    Relig. t. t., to dedicate, consecrate, devote any thing to a deity or to a deified person (for syn. cf.: dedico, consecro, inauguro).
    A.
    Prop.: et me dicabo atque animam devotabo hostibus, Att. ap. Non. 98, 12:

    donum tibi (sc. Jovi) dicatum atque promissum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 72; cf.:

    ara condita atque dicata,

    Liv. 1, 7 (for which aram condidit dedicavitque, id. 28, 46 fin.); so,

    aram,

    id. 1, 7; 1, 20:

    capitolium, templum Jovis O. M.,

    id. 22, 38 fin.:

    templa,

    Ov. F. 1, 610:

    delubrum ex manubiis,

    Plin. 7, 26, 27, § 97:

    lychnuchum Apollini,

    id. 34, 3, 8, § 14:

    statuas Olympiae,

    id. 34, 4, 9, § 16:

    vehiculum,

    Tac. G. 40:

    carmen Veneri,

    Plin. 37, 10, 66, § 178; cf. Suet. Ner. 10 fin. et saep.:

    cygni Apollini dicati,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 30, 73.—
    2.
    With a personal object, to consecrate, to deify (cf. dedico, no. II. A. b.):

    Janus geminus a Numa dicatus,

    Plin. 34, 7, 16, § 34:

    inter numina dicatus Augustus,

    Tac. A. 1, 59.—
    B.
    Transf., beyond the relig. sphere.
    1.
    To give up, set apart, appropriate a thing to any one: recita;

    aurium operam tibi dico,

    Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 72; so,

    operam,

    id. Ps. 1, 5, 147; Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 12:

    hunc totum diem tibi,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 7:

    tuum studium meae laudi,

    id. Fam. 2, 6, 4:

    genus (orationis) epidicticum gymnasiis et palaestrae,

    id. Or. 13, 42:

    librum Maecenati,

    Plin. 19, 10, 57, § 177; cf.:

    librum laudibus ptisanae,

    id. 18, 7, 15, § 75 al.:

    (Deïopeam) conubio jungam stabili propriamque dicabo,

    Verg. A. 1, 73; cf. the same verse, ib. 4, 126:

    se Crasso,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 3, 11; cf.: se Remis in clientelam, * Caes. B. G. 6, 12, 7:

    se alii civitati,

    to become a free denizen of it, Cic. Balb. 11, 28;

    for which: se in aliam civitatem,

    id. ib. 12 fin. —
    * 2.
    (I. q. dedico, no. II. A.) To consecrate a thing by using it for the first time:

    nova signa novamque aquilam,

    Tac. H. 5, 16.— Hence, dĭcātus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to no. II.), devoted, consecrated, dedicated:

    loca Christo dedicatissima, August. Civ. Dei, 3, 31: CONSTANTINO AETERNO AVGVSTO ARRIVS DIOTIMVS... N. M. Q. (i. e. numini majestatique) EIVS DICATISSIMVS,

    Inscr. Orell. 1083.
    2.
    dīco, xi, ctum, 3 ( praes. DEICO, Inscr. Orell. 4848; imp. usu. dic; cf. duc, fac, fer, from duco, etc., DEICVNTO, and perf. DEIXSERINT, P. C. de Therm. ib. 3673; imp. dice, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 298, 29 Müll.; Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 109; id. Bac. 4, 4, 65; id. Merc. 1, 2, 47 al.; cf. Quint. 1, 6, 21; fut. dicem = dicam, Cato ap. Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 72, 6 Müll.—Another form of the future is dicebo, Novius ap. Non. 507 (Com. v. 8 Rib.). — Perf. sync.:

    dixti,

    Plaut. As. 4, 2, 14; id. Trin. 2, 4, 155; id. Mil. 2, 4, 12 et saep.; Ter. And. 3, 1, 1; 3, 2, 38; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 100 et saep.; Cic. Fin. 2, 3, 10; id. N. D. 3, 9, 23; id. Caecin. 29, 82; acc. to Quint. 9, 3, 22.— Perf. subj.:

    dixis,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 46; Caecil. ap. Gell. 7, 17 fin.:

    dixem = dixissem,

    Plaut. Pseud. 1, 5, 84; inf. dixe = dix isse, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 105, 23; Varr. ib. 451, 16; Arn. init.; Aus. Sept. Sap. de Cleob. 8; inf. praes. pass. dicier, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 32; Vatin. in Cic. Fam. 5, 9 al.), v. a. [root DIC = DEIK in deiknumi; lit., to show; cf. dikê, and Lat. dicis, ju-dex, dicio], to say, tell, mention, relate, affirm, declare, state; to mean, intend (for syn. cf.: for, loquor, verba facio, dicto, dictito, oro, inquam, aio, fabulor, concionor, pronuntio, praedico, recito, declamo, affirmo, assevero, contendo; also, nomino, voco, alloquor, designo, nuncupo; also, decerno, jubeo, statuo, etc.; cf. also, nego.—The person addressed is usually put in dat., v. the foll.: dicere ad aliquem, in eccl. Lat., stands for the Gr. eipein pros tina, Vulg. Luc. 2, 34 al.; cf. infra I. B. 2. g).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    Amphitruonis socium nae me esse volui dicere,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 228:

    advenisse familiarem dicito,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 197:

    haec uti sunt facta ero dicam,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 304; cf. ib. 2, 1, 23:

    signi dic quid est?

    id. ib. 1, 1, 265:

    si dixero mendacium,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 43; cf.

    opp. vera dico,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 238 al.:

    quo facto aut dicto adest opus,

    id. ib. 1, 1, 15; cf.:

    dictu opus est,

    Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 68:

    nihil est dictu facilius,

    id. Phorm. 2, 1, 70:

    turpe dictu,

    id. Ad. 2, 4, 11:

    indignis si male dicitur, bene dictum id esse dico,

    Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 27:

    ille, quem dixi,

    whom I have mentioned, named, Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45 et saep.: vel dicam = vel potius, or rather:

    stuporem hominis vel dicam pecudis attendite,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 12, 30; cf.:

    mihi placebat Pomponius maxime vel dicam minime displicebat,

    id. Brut. 57, 207; so id. ib. 70, 246; id. Fam. 4, 7, 3 al.—
    b.
    Dicitur, dicebatur, dictum est, impers. with acc. and inf., it is said, related, maintained, etc.; or, they say, affirm, etc.: de hoc (sc. Diodoro) Verri dicitur, habere eum, etc., it is reported to Verres that, etc., Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 18:

    non sine causa dicitur, ad ea referri omnes nostras cogitationes,

    id. Fin. 3, 18, 60; so,

    dicitur,

    Nep. Paus. 5, 3; Quint. 5, 7, 33; 7, 2, 44; Ov. F. 4, 508:

    Titum multo apud patrem sermone orasse dicebatur, ne, etc.,

    Tac. H. 4, 52; so,

    dicebatur,

    id. A. 1, 10:

    in hac habitasse platea dictum'st Chrysidem,

    Ter. And. 4, 5, 1:

    dictum est,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 1, 5; Liv. 38, 56; Quint. 6, 1, 27:

    ut pulsis hostibus dici posset, eos, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 46, 3. Cf. also: hoc, illud dicitur, with acc. and inf., Cic. Fin. 5, 24, 72; id. de Or. 1, 33, 150; Quint. 4, 2, 91; 11, 3, 177 al. —Esp. in histt. in reference to what has been previously related:

    ut supra dictum est,

    Sall. J. 96, 1:

    sicut ante dictum est,

    Nep. Dion. 9, 5; cf. Curt. 3, 7, 7; 5, 1, 11; 8, 6, 2 et saep.—
    c.
    (See Zumpt, Gram. § 607.) Dicor, diceris, dicitur, with nom. and inf., it is said that I, thou, he, etc.; or, they say that I, thou, etc.:

    ut nos dicamur duo omnium dignissimi esse,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 47: cf. Quint. 4, 4, 6:

    dicar Princeps Aeolium carmen ad Italos Deduxisse modos,

    Hor. Od. 3, 30, 10 al.:

    illi socius esse diceris,

    Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 72: aedes Demaenetus ubi [p. 571] dicitur habitare, id. As. 2, 3, 2:

    qui (Pisistratus) primus Homeri libros confusos antea sic disposuisse dicitur, ut nunc habemus,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 34, 137 et saep.:

    quot annos nata dicitur?

    Plaut. Cist. 4, 2, 89:

    is nunc dicitur venturus peregre,

    id. Truc. 1, 1, 66 et saep. In a double construction, with nom. and inf., and acc. and inf. (acc. to no. b. and c.): petisse dicitur major Titius... idque ab eis facile (sc. eum) impetrasse, Auct. B. Afr. 28 fin.; so Suet. Oth. 7.—
    d.
    Dictum ac factum or dictum factum (Gr. hama epos hama ergon), in colloq. lang., no sooner said than done, without delay, Ter. And. 2, 3, 7:

    dictum ac factum reddidi,

    it was "said and done" with me, id. Heaut. 4, 5, 12; 5, 1, 31; cf.:

    dicto citius,

    Verg. A. 1, 142; Hor. S. 2, 2, 80; and:

    dicto prope citius,

    Liv. 23, 47, 6.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    Pregn.
    a.
    To assert, affirm a thing as certain (opp. nego):

    quem esse negas, eundem esse dicis,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 6, 12; cf.:

    dicebant, ego negabam,

    id. Fam. 3, 8, 5; and:

    quibus creditum non sit negantibus, iisdem credatur dicentibus?

    id. Rab. Post. 12, 35.—
    b.
    For dico with a negative, nego is used, q. v.; cf. Zumpt, Gram. § 799;

    but: dicere nihil esse pulchrius, etc.,

    Liv. 30, 12, 6; 21, 9, 3 Fabri; so,

    freq. in Liv. when the negation precedes,

    id. 30, 22, 5; 23, 10, 13 al.; cf. Krebs, Antibar. p. 355.—
    2.
    dico is often inserted parenthetically, to give emphasis to an apposition:

    utinam C. Caesari, patri, dico adulescenti contigisset, etc.,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 18, 49; id. Tusc. 5, 36, 105; id. Planc. 12, 30; Quint. 9, 2, 83; cf. Cic. Or. 58, 197; id. Tusc. 4, 16, 36; Sen. Ep. 14, 6; id. Vit. Beat. 15, 6; Quint. 1, 6, 24:

    ille mihi praesidium dederat, cum dico mihi, senatui dico populoque Romano,

    Cic. Phil. 11, 8, 20; Sen. Ep. 83, 12; Plin. Ep. 2, 20, 2; 3, 2, 2.—
    3.
    In rhetor. and jurid. lang., to pronounce, deliver, rehearse, speak any thing.
    (α).
    With acc.:

    oratio dicta de scripto,

    Cic. Planc. 30 fin.; cf.:

    sententiam de scripto,

    id. Att. 4, 3, 3:

    controversias,

    Quint. 3, 8, 51; 9, 2, 77:

    prooemium ac narrationem et argumenta,

    id. 2, 20, 10:

    exordia,

    id. 11, 3, 161:

    theses et communes locos,

    id. 2, 1, 9:

    materias,

    id. 2, 4, 41:

    versus,

    Cic. Or. 56, 189; Quint. 6, 3, 86:

    causam, of the defendant or his attorney,

    to make a defensive speech, to plead in defence, Cic. Rosc. Am. 5; id. Quint. 8; id. Sest. 8; Quint. 5, 11, 39; 7, 4, 3; 8, 2, 24 al.; cf.

    causas (said of the attorney),

    Cic. de Or. 1, 2, 5; 2, 8, 32 al.:

    jus,

    to pronounce judgment, id. Fl. 3; id. Fam. 13, 14; hence the praetor's formula: DO, DICO, ADDICO; v. do, etc.—
    (β).
    With ad and acc. pers., to plead before a person or tribunal:

    ad unum judicem,

    Cic. Opt. Gen. 4, 10:

    ad quos? ad me, si idoneus videor qui judicem, etc.,

    id. Verr. 2, 2, 29, § 72; Liv. 3, 41.—
    (γ).
    With ad and acc. of thing, to speak in reference to, in reply to:

    non audeo ad ista dicere,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 32, 78; id. Rep. 1, 18, 30.—
    (δ).
    Absol.:

    nec idem loqui, quod dicere,

    Cic. Or. 32:

    est oratoris proprium, apte, distincte, ornate dicere,

    id. Off. 1, 1, 2; so,

    de aliqua re pro aliquo, contra aliquem, etc., innumerable times in Cic. and Quint.: dixi, the t. t. at the end of a speech,

    I have done, Cic. Verr. 1 fin. Ascon. and Zumpt, a. h. 1.;

    thus, dixerunt, the t. t. by which the praeco pronounced the speeches of the parties to be finished,

    Quint. 1, 5, 43; cf. Spald. ad Quint. 6, 4, 7.— Transf. beyond the judicial sphere:

    causam nullam or causam haud dico,

    I have no objection, Plaut. Mil. 5, 34; id. Capt. 3, 4, 92; Ter. Ph. 2, 1, 42.—
    4.
    To describe, relate, sing, celebrate in writing (mostly poet.):

    tibi dicere laudes,

    Tib. 1, 3, 31; so,

    laudes Phoebi et Dianae,

    Hor. C. S. 76:

    Dianam, Cynthium, Latonam,

    id. C. 1, 21, 1:

    Alciden puerosque Ledae,

    id. ib. 1, 12, 25:

    caelestes, pugilemve equumve,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 19:

    Pelidae stomachum,

    id. ib. 1, 6, 5:

    bella,

    id. Ep. 1, 16, 26; Liv. 7, 29:

    carmen,

    Hor. C. 1, 32, 3; id. C. S. 8; Tib. 2, 1, 54:

    modos,

    Hor. C. 3, 11, 7:

    silvestrium naturas,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 138 et saep.:

    temporibus Augusti dicendis non defuere decora ingenia,

    Tac. A. 1, 1; id. H. 1, 1:

    vir neque silendus neque dicendus sine cura,

    Vell. 2, 13.—
    b.
    Of prophecies, to predict, foretell:

    bellicosis fata Quiritibus Hac lege dico, ne, etc.,

    Hor. C. 3, 3, 58:

    sortes per carmina,

    id. A. P. 403:

    quicquid,

    id. S. 2, 5, 59:

    hoc (Delphi),

    Ov. Tr. 4, 8, 43 et saep.—
    5.
    To pronounce, articulate a letter, syllable, word: Demosthenem scribit Phalereus, cum Rho dicere nequiret, etc., Cic. Div. 2, 46, 96; id. de Or. 1, 61, 260; Quint. 1, 4, 8; 1, 7, 21 al.—
    6.
    To call, to name: habitum quendam vitalem corporis esse, harmoniam Graii quam dicunt, Lucr. 3, 106; cf.: Latine dicimus elocutionem, quam Graeci phrasin vocant, Quint. 8, 1, 1:

    Chaoniamque omnem Trojano a Chaone dixit,

    Verg. A. 3, 335:

    hic ames dici pater atque princeps,

    Hor. Od. 1, 2, 50:

    uxor quondam tua dicta,

    Verg. A. 2, 678 et saep. —Prov.:

    dici beatus ante obitum nemo debet,

    Ov. M. 3, 135.—
    7.
    To name, appoint one to an office:

    ut consules roget praetor vel dictatorem dicat,

    Cic. Att. 9, 15, 2: so,

    dictatorem,

    Liv. 5, 9; 7, 26; 8, 29:

    consulem,

    id. 10, 15; 24, 9; 26, 22 (thrice):

    magistrum equitum,

    id. 6, 39:

    aedilem,

    id. 9, 46:

    arbitrum bibendi,

    Hor. Od. 2, 7, 26 et saep.—
    8.
    To appoint, set apart. fix upon, settle:

    nam mea bona meis cognatis dicam, inter eos partiam,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 113; cf. Pompon. ap. Non. 280, 19:

    dotis paululum vicino suo,

    Afran. ib. 26:

    pecuniam omnem suam doti,

    Cic. Fl. 35: quoniam inter nos nuptiae sunt dictae, Afran. ap. Non. 280, 24; cf.:

    diem nuptiis,

    Ter. And. 1, 1, 75:

    diem operi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 57:

    diem juris,

    Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 16:

    diem exercitui ad conveniendum Pharas,

    Liv. 36, 8; cf. id. 42, 28, and v. dies:

    locum consiliis,

    id. 25, 16:

    leges pacis,

    id. 33, 12; cf.:

    leges victis,

    id. 34, 57:

    legem tibi,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 18; Ov. M. 6, 137; cf.:

    legem sibi,

    to give sentence upon one's self, id. ib. 13, 72:

    pretium muneri,

    Hor. C. 4, 8, 12 et saep.—With inf.: prius data est, quam tibi dari dicta, Pac. ap. Non. 280, 28. — Pass. impers.:

    eodem Numida inermis, ut dictum erat, accedit,

    Sall. J. 113, 6.—
    9.
    To utter, express, esp. in phrases:

    non dici potest, dici vix potest, etc.: non dici potest quam flagrem desiderio urbis,

    Cic. Att. 5, 11, 1; 5, 17, 5:

    dici vix potest quanta sit vis, etc.,

    id. Leg. 2, 15, 38; id. Verr. 2, 4, 57, § 127; id. Or. 17, 55; id. Red. ad Quir. 1, 4; cf. Quint. 2, 2, 8; 11, 3, 85.—
    10.
    (Mostly in colloq. lang.) Alicui, like our vulg. to tell one so and so, for to admonish, warn, threaten him:

    dicebam, pater, tibi, ne matri consuleres male,

    Plaut. As. 5, 2, 88; cf. Nep. Datam. 5; Ov. Am. 1, 14, 1.—Esp. freq.:

    tibi (ego) dico,

    I tell you, Plaut. Curc. 4, 2, 30; id. Bacch. 4, 9, 76; id. Men. 2, 3, 27; id. Mil. 2, 2, 62 et saep.; Ter. And. 1, 2, 33 Ruhnk.; id. ib. 4, 4, 23; id. Eun. 2, 3, 46; 87; Phaedr. 4, 19, 18; cf.:

    tibi dicimus,

    Ov. H. 20, 153; id. M. 9, 122; so, dixi, I have said it, i. e. you may depend upon it, it shall be done, Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 90; 92.—
    11.
    Dicere sacramentum or sacramento, to take an oath, to swear; v. sacramentum.
    II.
    Transf., i. q. intellego, Gr. phêmi, to mean so and so; it may sometimes be rendered in English by namely, to wit:

    nec quemquam vidi, qui magis ea, quae timenda esse negaret, timeret, mortem dico et deos,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 86; id. de Or. 3, 44, 174: M. Sequar ut institui divinum illum virum, quem saepius fortasse laudo quam necesse est. At. Platonem videlicet dicis, id. Leg. 3, 1:

    uxoris dico, non tuam,

    Plaut. As. 1, 1, 30 et saep.—Hence, dictum, i, n., something said, i. e. a saying, a word.
    A.
    In gen.: haut doctis dictis certantes sed male dictis, Enn. ap. Gell. 20, 10 (Ann. v. 274 Vahl.; acc. to Hertz.: nec maledictis); so,

    istaec dicta dicere,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 40:

    docta,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 99; id. Men. 2, 1, 24; Lucr. 5, 113; cf.

    condocta,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 3:

    meum,

    id. As. 2, 4, 1:

    ridiculum,

    id. Capt. 3, 1, 22:

    minimum,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 9:

    ferocibus dictis rem nobilitare,

    Liv. 23, 47, 4 al.:

    ob admissum foede dictumve superbe,

    Lucr. 5, 1224; cf.

    facete,

    Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 73; id. Poen. 3, 3, 24; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 57; Cic. Off. 1, 29, 104 al.:

    lepide,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 103:

    absurde,

    id. Capt. 1, 1, 3:

    vere,

    Nep. Alc. 8, 4:

    ambigue,

    Hor. A. P. 449 et saep.—Pleon.:

    feci ego istaec dicta quae vos dicitis (sc. me fecisse),

    Plaut. Casin. 5, 4, 17.—
    B.
    In partic.
    1.
    A saying, maxim, proverb:

    aurea dicta,

    Lucr. 3, 12; cf.

    veridica,

    id. 6, 24: Catonis est dictum. Pedibus compensari pecuniam, Cic. Fl. 29 fin. Hence, the title of a work by Caesar: Dicta collectanea (his Apophthegmata, mentioned in Cic. Fam. 9, 16), Suet. Caes. 56.—Esp. freq.,
    2.
    For facete dictum, a witty saying, bon-mot, Enn. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 54 fin. (cf. Cic. ap. Macr. S. 2, 1 fin.); Cic. Phil. 2, 17; Quint. 6, 3, 2; 16; 36; Liv. 7, 33, 3; Hor. A. P. 273 et saep.; cf. also, dicterium.—
    3.
    Poetry, verse (abstr. and concr.): dicti studiosus, Enn. ap. Cic. Brut. 18, 71:

    rerum naturam expandere dictis,

    Lucr. 1, 126; 5, 56:

    Ennius hirsuta cingat sua dicta corona,

    Prop. 4 (5), 1, 61.—
    4.
    A prediction, prophecy, Lucr. 1, 103; Verg. A. 2, 115; Val. Fl. 2, 326 al.; cf. dictio.—
    5.
    An order, command:

    dicto paruit consul,

    Liv. 9, 41; cf. Verg. A. 3, 189; Ov. M. 8, 815:

    haec dicta dedit,

    Liv. 3, 61; cf. id. 7, 33; 8, 34; 22, 25 al.: dicto audientem esse and dicto audire alicui, v. audio.—
    6.
    A promise, assurance:

    illi dixerant sese dedituros... Cares, tamen, non dicto capti, etc.,

    Nep. Milt. 2, 5; Fur. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 34.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > dico

  • 87 запускающий импульс

    1. вчт. firing pulse
    2. рлк. trigger pulse

    импульс набора номера — dialing pulse; impulsing signal

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > запускающий импульс

  • 88 отметка

    отметка сущ
    blip
    базовая отметка
    continuous mark
    возобновлять действие квалификационной отметки
    renew the rating
    высотная отметка
    spot elevation
    действие квалификационной отметки
    rating currency
    действующая квалификационная отметка
    1. valid rating
    2. current rating делать отметку в свидетельстве
    endorse the license
    квалификационная отметка без ограничения срока действия
    nonexpiry-type rating
    квалификационная отметка командира корабля
    command rating
    квалификационная отметка о допуске к визуальным полетам
    visual flying rating
    квалификационная отметка пилота
    1. pilot rating
    2. rating for pilot квалификационная отметка с ограниченным сроком действия
    expiry-type rating
    классификационная отметка воздушного судна
    aircraft rating
    контрольная отметка
    reference mark
    контрольные отметки времени
    timing reference
    нивелировочная отметка
    leveling mark
    опознавание радиолокационной отметки
    radar blip identification
    отметка времени
    time mark
    отметка высоты
    bench mark
    отметка дальности
    distance mark
    отметка местоположения воздушного судна
    aircraft position
    отметка об изменении класса
    class endorsement
    отметка цели
    dot
    период действия квалифицированной отметки
    period of rating currency
    права, предоставляемые квалификационной отметкой
    rating privileges
    продление срока действия квалификационной отметки
    prolongation of the rating
    радиолокационная отметка цели
    radar plot
    экзамен на получение квалификационной отметки
    rating test

    Русско-английский авиационный словарь > отметка

  • 89 задатчик

    2) Construction: positioner, set point adjuster
    3) Information technology: set unit, setup unit
    4) Astronautics: selector, setting mechanism
    5) Mechanics: setting device
    6) Network technologies: initiator
    7) Programming: driver unit
    8) Makarov: setter
    9) oil&gas: set point device
    10) Electrical engineering: reference-input element

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > задатчик

  • 90 команда на возврат в исходное положение

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > команда на возврат в исходное положение

  • 91 команда на выход (рабочего органа) в исходное положение

    Automation: position reference command

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > команда на выход (рабочего органа) в исходное положение

  • 92 команда обращения к ленте

    2) Information technology: tape command

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > команда обращения к ленте

  • 93 команда переменной длины

    2) Information technology: length instruction, variable (length) instruction, variable instruction, variable-length command

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > команда переменной длины

  • 94 команда привязки к базе отсчёта

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > команда привязки к базе отсчёта

  • 95 команда пропуска

    3) Polygraphy: skip (напр. текста)
    4) Electronics: skip command

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > команда пропуска

  • 96 команда установки

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > команда установки

  • 97 справочник по функциям и командам

    Information technology: command and function reference entry

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > справочник по функциям и командам

  • 98 команда на выход в исходное положение

    Automation: (рабочего органа) position reference command

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > команда на выход в исходное положение

  • 99 Preis

    Preis m (Pr.) GEN charge, price, pr. • alles hat seinen Preis GEN, MGT (infrml) there is no such thing as a free lunch • die Preise frisieren BÖRSE (infrml) fake the marks, (infrml) doctor the prices • die Preise gaben nach GEN prices receded (Volumen) • die Preise sind herabgesetzt worden BÖRSE prices have been marked down • Preis (ist) Verhandlungssache rate to be agreed, r.t.b.a. • Preise hochschrauben V&M push up prices • Preise hochtreiben V&M push up prices • Preise reduzieren V&M cut prices, reduce prices, sink prices • sich durch zu hohe Preise vom Markt ausschließen V&M price oneself out of the market • sich nach dem besten Preis umsehen V&M shop around for the best price • unter Preis anbieten V&M underprice • unter Preis angeboten V&M underpriced • unter Preis verkaufen V&M undercut • zu Preisen zwischen x und y GEN at prices ranging from x to y
    * * *
    m (Pr.) < Geschäft> charge, price (pr.) ■ alles hat seinen Preis <Geschäft, Mgmnt> there is no such thing as a free lunch infrml ■ die Preise frisieren infrml < Börse> fake the marks infrml, doctor the prices infrml ■ die Preise gaben nach < Geschäft> Volumen prices receded ■ die Preise sind herabgesetzt worden < Börse> prices have been marked down ■ Preise hochschrauben <V&M> push up prices ■ Preise hochtreiben <V&M> push up prices ■ Preise reduzieren <V&M> cut prices, reduce prices, sink prices ■ sich durch zu hohe Preise vom Markt ausschließen <V&M> price oneself out of the market ■ sich nach dem besten Preis umsehen <V&M> shop around for the best price ■ unter Preis anbieten <V&M> underprice ■ unter Preis angeboten <V&M> underpriced ■ unter Preis verkaufen <V&M> undercut ■ zu Preisen zwischen x und y < Geschäft> at prices ranging from x to y
    * * *
    Preis
    price, (Belohnung) reward, premium, (Fahrgeld) fare, (Gebühr) charge, fee, (Kosten) cost[s], expense, price, (Satz) rate, figure, (Summe) amount, sum, (Tarif) rate, tariff, charge, (Wert) value, (im Wettbewerb) prize, award;
    • auf der Grundlage der Preise vom Jahr 2002 at 2002 survey prices;
    • bei anziehenden Preisen in a rising market, with attractive prices;
    • bei sinkenden Preisen by (with) declining prices, at prices dropping;
    • bis zum Preise von as high as;
    • durch überhöhte Preise aus dem Markt gedrängt priced out of the market;
    • mit Preisen versehen priced, price-tagged;
    • niedrig im Preis low-priced;
    • um jeden Preis for love of money;
    • unter [dem Selbstkosten] Preis priced below cost;
    • zu erhöhten Preisen at a higher price;
    • zu ermäßigten Preisen at reduced (cut) prices;
    • zu bedeutend ermäßigten Preisen at a sweeping reduction;
    • zu festem Preis at a firm rate;
    • zu herabgesetztem Preis at a reduced price, reduced, cut-price, at reduced rates, (Taxpreis) at a damaged valuation;
    • zu teuren Preisen at a high cost;
    • zu überhöhten Preisen eingekauft dear-bought, bought at excessive cost;
    • zu unerschwinglichen Preisen at prices beyond one’s means;
    • zu unveränderten Preisen at unchanged prices;
    • zu einem vereinbarten Preis at an arranged price;
    • zu zurückgesetztem Preis at a reduced price;
    • zu einem Preis von etwa 10 Pfund at a cost of roughly L 10;
    • zum Preise von costing, at the charge (rate) of;
    • zum ermäßigten Preis at a lower rate;
    • zum festgesetzten Preis at the given price;
    • zum amtlich festgesetzten Preis at the established price;
    • zum halben Preis at half price, for half the price;
    • zum niedrigsten Preis dirt-cheap;
    • zum vereinbarten Preis at the understood price;
    • in verbindlichen Angeboten abgegebene Preise prices quoted in tenders;
    • [vertraglich] abgemachter (abgesprochener, abgestimmter) Preis settled (stipulated) price, price agreed upon [by arrangement];
    • abweichende Preise diverging prices;
    • von der Preisliste abweichender Preis irregular price;
    • überhöhter, vom Kunden akzeptierter Preis class price;
    • allerniedrigster Preis rock-bottom price;
    • amtlicher Preis official price;
    • nicht amtlicher Preis (Börse) sidewalk price (US);
    • angebotener Preis price offered;
    • verbindlich angebotene Preise prices quoted in tenders;
    • angegebener (angesetzter) Preis quoted price;
    • auf der Rechnung angegebener Preis invoice[d] price;
    • angehobener Preis advanced price;
    • angemessener Preis reasonable (fair, adequate, equitable) price;
    • annehmbarer Preis fair rate (price), reasonable price (terms);
    • ansteigende Preise increasing prices;
    • anziehender Preis attractive price;
    • nachstehend aufgeführte Preise prices specified below;
    • augenblicklicher Preis market price;
    • vertraglich ausbedungener Preis price agreed upon, contract price;
    • ausgehandelte Preise prices negotiated;
    • ausgemachter Preis settled price, price agreed upon;
    • ausgesetzter Preis offered price;
    • ausgezeichneter Preis marked price;
    • auskömmlicher Preis paying price;
    • äußerster Preis rock-bottom (close, bedrock) price, cut rate, lowest computation (possible price), (Auktion) knockdown price;
    • künstlich beeinflusster Preis manipulated price;
    • vor Verkaufsbeginn von der Konkurrenz bekannt gegebener Preis open price;
    • äußerst niedrig berechneter Preis rock-bottom price;
    • bescheidene Preise moderate prices;
    • vom Hersteller bestimmte Preise prices laid down by the manufacturer;
    • beweglicher Preis elastic (flexible) price;
    • bewirtschafteter Preis administered price;
    • billiger Preis budget (moderate, low) price;
    • bisheriger Preis previous rate;
    • cif-Preis cif price;
    • davonlaufende Preise prices running away;
    • Herstellungs- und Generalkosten deckender Preis overhead price;
    • nicht die Selbstkosten deckender Preis losing price;
    • stark divergierende Preise wide prices;
    • doppelter Preis (Anzeige) double rate;
    • durchschnittlicher Preis average price;
    • echter Preis commercial price;
    • effektiver Preis real (actual) price;
    • eingefrorene Preise frozen prices, price rigidity;
    • eingependelter Preis established price;
    • einheitlicher Preis uniform (standard) price;
    • empfohlener Preis reference (suggested, recommended) price;
    • über das Lohnniveau emporschnellende Preis prices outsoaring the wages;
    • enormer Preis huge (ruinous) price;
    • erhöhter Preis increased (inflated, higher, enhanced) price;
    • ermäßigter Preis reduced (short, cut) price;
    • Sicherungsvorschuss erschöpfender Preis (Termingeschäft) exhaust price;
    • [tatsächlich] erzielter Preis price obtained, actual price;
    • exorbitanter Preis exorbitant price;
    • fakturierter Preis invoice[d] price;
    • fallende Preise dropping (sagging, declining, receding, falling-off) prices;
    • feste Preise standing (fixed, flat, steady) prices, (Schaufenster) no abatement (discount, reduction);
    • fester Preis fixed (firm, standing) price;
    • künstlich festgelegter Preis administered price;
    • vertraglich festgelegter Preis stipulated price;
    • festgesetzter Preis stated (fixed) price;
    • amtlich festgesetzter Preis administered (controlled) price, price as fixed by the authorities;
    • vertraglich festgesetzter Preis fixed contract price;
    • fingierter Preis fictitious price;
    • Frei-Grenze-Preis free-at-frontier price;
    • Preis freibleibend, freibleibender Preis price subject to change without notice;
    • friedensmäßige Preise prices at peace-time level;
    • früherer Preis previous price;
    • gangbarer Preis prevailing price;
    • gängiger Preis salable price;
    • garantierter Preis guaranteed price;
    • gebotener Preis offer, bid (offered) price;
    • gebundener Preis fixed (fixed-selling, maintained, controlled) price, (Einzelhandel) fixed (minimum) resale price, (Kartell) fixed cartel price;
    • geforderter Preis asked price, charge;
    • gegenwärtiger Preis ruling (current, prevailing, actual, market) price;
    • künstlich gehaltener Preis pegged price;
    • mit einem Index gekoppelter Preis index-linked price;
    • gelenkter Preis controlled price;
    • geltender Preis prevailing (ruling) price;
    • augenblicklich geltender Preis ruling (present, going, market, current) price;
    • in der ganzen Industrie geltender Preis industry-wide price;
    • genauester Preis nearest price;
    • genehmigter Preis approved price;
    • genormter Preis standardized price;
    • gepfefferte Preise steep prices;
    • zu geringer Preis underrated price;
    • gestaffelter Preis graduated (scheduled) price;
    • gesteuerter Preis manipulated price;
    • gestoppter Preis stop price;
    • gestützter Preis pegged (support[ed]) price;
    • gesunkener Preis reduced (diminished, dropped, sagged) price;
    • gewöhnlicher Preis customary charge, common price (charge);
    • für den Fortschritt gezahlter Preis price paid for progress;
    • gleitender Preis price subject to amendment, escalation (sliding-scale) price;
    • [augenblicklich] gültiger Preis going (current, market) price;
    • allgemein gültiger Preis allround price;
    • im internen Verrechnungsverkehr gültiger Preis internal price;
    • günstige Preise favo(u)rable terms (prices);
    • günstiger Preis favo(u)rable (attractive) price;
    • sehr günstiger Preis highly concessional price;
    • halber Preis half price;
    • handelsüblicher Preis market (ruling) price;
    • herabgesetzter Preis reduced (marked-down, cut rate) price;
    • nicht herabgesetzter Preis full price;
    • heraufgesetzter Preis put-up (marked-up) price;
    • hochgestochener Preis high-flying price;
    • höchster Preis ceiling (maximum) price, price ceiling;
    • hoher Preis long (high, advanced) price;
    • besonders hoher Preis extra high price;
    • entschieden zu hohe Preise definitely too high prices;
    • unverhältnismäßig hoher Preis excessive price;
    • inflationistische (inflationäre) Preise inflationary prices;
    • inländischer Preis domestic (home-market) price;
    • jetzige Preise current prices;
    • kalkulierter Preis calculated price;
    • äußerst kalkulierter Preis rock-bottom price;
    • niedrigst kalkulierter Preis bargain level;
    • scharf kalkulierter Preis price cut very fine, cut-rate (close) price;
    • knappheitsbedingter Preis scarcity price;
    • konkurrenzfähiger Preis competitive (keener) price;
    • nicht konkurrenzfähiger Preis uncompetitive price;
    • konkurrenzloser Preis unrival(l)ed (unmatched) price;
    • konstante Preise constant prices, price stability;
    • kostendeckender Preis price covering the costs of production;
    • kriminelle Preise cutthroat prices;
    • laufender Preis ruling price;
    • zugrunde zu legender Preis price to be considered;
    • leidlicher Preis fairly good price;
    • letzte Preise previous rates;
    • letzter Preis lowest limit (price);
    • limitierter Preis limited price;
    • lohnender (lukrativer) Preis remunerative (paying) price;
    • manipulierter Preis managed (manipulated) price;
    • marktentscheidender Preis key price;
    • marktgängige Preise usual market prices;
    • marktgemäßer (marktgerechter) Preis fair market price;
    • marktkonformer Preis full economic price;
    • mäßiger Preis moderate (reasonable) price;
    • minimaler Preis minimum price;
    • mittlerer Preis average price;
    • mörderischer Preis cutthroat (ruinously high) price;
    • nachbörsliche Preise street (kerb) prices (Br.), outside (curb, US) prices;
    • nachfragebedingter Preis demand-led price;
    • nachgebende Preise easing (falling, sagging, receding) prices;
    • niedriger Preis low price, undercharge;
    • äußerst niedrige Preise keen prices;
    • niedrigster Preis bottom ( lowest possible, minimum) price, bargain level;
    • nomineller Preis nominal price;
    • notierter Preis market (quoted, listed, US) value;
    • fortlaufend notierter Preis consecutively quoted price;
    • obiger Preis above quotation;
    • optischer Preis charm price;
    • ortsüblicher Preis customary (local) price;
    • populäre Preise popular prices;
    • psychologische Preise psychological price [point];
    • purzelnde Preise tumbling prices;
    • reduzierter Preis reduced (short, cut) price;
    • äußerst reduzierter Preis lowest [possible] rate;
    • reeller Preis fair (moderate) price;
    • regulärer Preis regular price;
    • regulierter Preis administered price;
    • richtiger Preis adequate price;
    • rückgängige Preise dropping (sagging, declining) prices;
    • rückläufige Preise retrograde (receding, declining, falling, drooping) prices;
    • ruinöser Preis ruinous (cutthroat) price;
    • saisonbedingter Preis seasonal price;
    • in die Höhe schnellende Preise soaring prices;
    • ganz schöner Preis smart price (coll.);
    • schwacher Preis weak price;
    • schwankende Preise varying (fluctuating) prices;
    • sinkende Preise sagging (declining, falling) prices;
    • solider Preis moderate (fair) price;
    • spekulativer Preis speculative price;
    • spottbilliger Preis ridiculously low price;
    • stabiler Preis steady (stable, settled, stationary, firm, sticky, US) price;
    • starrer Preis rigid price;
    • stehender Preis fixed price;
    • steigende Preise increasing (rising, advancing) prices;
    • langsam steigende Preise creeping prices;
    • schnell steigende Preise soaring (booming) prices;
    • sprunghaft steigende Preise soaring prices;
    • subventionierter Preis subsidized (support[ed], pegged) price;
    • nicht subventionierter Preis full economic price;
    • tatsächlicher Preis actual price;
    • tragbarer Preis reasonable price;
    • überhöhter Preis class (stiff, coll., excessive, exaggerated, prohibitive) price;
    • künstlich überhöhte Preise inflated (artificially high) prices;
    • übermäßiger Preis exorbitant price;
    • übersetzter Preis exaggerated (overcharged) price;
    • üblicher Preis market (current, customary) price, customer charge;
    • unabhängiger Preis free price;
    • vom Lieferort unabhängiger Preis uniform delivered price (US);
    • unangemessener Preis unreasonable price;
    • unbescheidener Preis unreasonable price;
    • unbeschränkter Preis unlimited price;
    • unelastischer Preis rigid price;
    • unerhörter Preis fabulous price;
    • unerschwinglicher Preis prohibitive price;
    • ungebundener Preis free (uncontrolled) price;
    • unterschiedliche Preise discriminating prices;
    • unterschwelliger Preis submarginal price;
    • untragbare Preise prohibitive prices;
    • unveränderte Preise unchanged rates (prices);
    • unverbindliche Preise prices subject to alteration (without commitment);
    • unverschämter Preis steep (outrageous, exorbitant) price;
    • völlig unzulänglicher Preis inadequate price;
    • verbindlicher Preis operative price;
    • [vertraglich] vereinbarter Preis price agreed upon [by arrangement], stipulated (agreed, contract) price;
    • vertretbarer Preis comparable price;
    • volkstümlicher Preis popular price;
    • voller Preis full price;
    • vorgeschriebener Preis administered price;
    • vorheriger Preis previous price;
    • vorteilhafte Preise attractive prices;
    • weichende Preise sagging (declining, retroactive, falling) prices;
    • wettbewerbsfähiger Preis competitive price;
    • willkürlicher Preis arbitrary price;
    • zivile Preise moderate (reasonable) prices, moderate charges;
    • auf den Höchstpreis zurückgesetzter Preis rollback price (US);
    • Preis bei der Anlieferung landed cost;
    • Preis für eine doppelseitige Anzeige in Heftmitte center- (centre-, Br.) spread price;
    • Preis für vierfarbige Anzeigen 4-colo(u)r rate;
    • Preis laut gültigem Anzeigentarif rate-card price;
    • Preis bei Barzahlung cash price;
    • Preis in Bausch und Bogen allround (overhead) price;
    • Preise einschließlich Bedienung (Restaurant) terms inclusive of service;
    • Preise unter Berücksichtigung der Qualität prices adjusted to quality;
    • Preis frei Bestimmungshafen landed cost (price);
    • Preis zur Einführung eines Produktes early-bird price;
    • Preis per Einheit unit price;
    • Preis für den Endverbraucher price for the ultimate consumer;
    • Preise für Endverbraucher incl. Mehrwertsteuer (Mwst.) prices inclusive of VAT;
    • Preis ab Erzeuger factory price;
    • Preise der Erzeugnisse product (producer’s) prices;
    • Preise landwirtschaftlicher Erzeugnisse agricultural (farm) prices;
    • Preis ab Fabrik factory-gate price;
    • Preis des trockenen Gedecks (Hotel) price of the dinner excluding wine; Preis
    • einschließlich Gemeinkosten overhead price;
    • Preis frei Grenze (EU) free-to-frontier price;
    • Preis für Güter und Dienstleistungen cost of goods and services;
    • Preis zweiter Hand secondhand price;
    • Preis frei Haus delivered-in price, in-the-mail price;
    • Preis einschließlich aller Kosten allround price;
    • Preis einschließlich (incl.) sämtlicher Kosten bis zum Schiff, Preis frei Längsseite Schiff free alongside ship price, price free alongside ship;
    • Preis ab Lager ex-store price; Preis
    • einschließlich Lieferkosten delivered price;
    • Preis für künftige Lieferung forward (terminal, Br.) price;
    • Preis bei sofortiger Lieferung price ex store, spot quotation;
    • Preis eines Markenerzeugnisses brand price;
    • Preise verstehen sich einschließlich Mehrwertsteuer prices include value-added tax (VAT);
    • Preis für greifbare Mengen spot price;
    • Preise bei Mengenabnahme prices shaded for quantities;
    • Preis mit Mengenrabatt quantity (multi-unit, Br.) price;
    • Preis einschließlich Porto und Verpackung price inclusive of postage and packing;
    • Preise für eine Produktfamilie price combination (Br.);
    • Preis bei Ratenzahlung hire-purchase (Br.) (time, deferred-payment, US) price;
    • Preis außerhalb der Saison off-season price;
    • Preis ab Schacht pithead price;
    • Preis ab Speicher ex-warehouse price;
    • Preis für Stromverbrauch electricity rate;
    • Preis pro Stück unit price;
    • Preise nach dem Tarif tariff rates;
    • Preis für Termingeschäfte futures price (US);
    • Preis für Übernachtung und Frühstück price for bed and breakfast;
    • Preis unverzollt price ex tax;
    • Preis ist Verhandlungssache price is a matter for negotiation;
    • Preis ohne Verpackung price excluding packing;
    • Preis ab Versandbahnhof at-station price;
    • Preise für Vorsteuerabzugsberechtigte prices exclusive of VAT;
    • Preis für unverzollte Ware im Zolllager in-bond price;
    • Preis auf dem Weltmarkt world price;
    • Preis ab Werk price ex works, trade (factory) price;
    • Preis unter dem Wert underprice;
    • Preis für Wiederverkäufer discount price;
    • Preis ab Zeche pithead price;
    • Preise in Zeiten der Hochkonjunktur boomtime prices;
    • Preise abbauen to cut (reduce) prices;
    • Preis abflachen to flatten prices;
    • vom Preis abhandeln to obtain a reduction;
    • zum alten Preis ablassen to charge the old price;
    • Preise absprechen to settle prices;
    • jem. einen Preis für etw. abverlangen to charge s. o. a price for s. th.;
    • auf die Preise abwälzen to pass on prices;
    • vom Preis abziehen to knock off the price;
    • Preise angeben to quote (state) prices;
    • äußersten Preis angeben to quote the outside price;
    • Preise auch in Euro angeben to mark prices also in euros;
    • Preise wahrheitsgemäß angeben to state prices truthfully;
    • Preise angleichen to adjust prices;
    • Preise schrittweise angleichen (EU) to approximate prices progressively;
    • Preise anheben to jack up (coll.) (increase) prices;
    • Preise anpassen to adjust (align) prices;
    • Preis ansetzen to price;
    • im Preis aufschlagen to go (run) higher, to put on the price;
    • hohe Preise aufzwingen to corner;
    • Preis aushandeln to negotiate a price;
    • Preis ausmachen to agree upon a price;
    • Preis aussetzen to put a premium (prize) on;
    • Preis für jds. Kopf aussetzen to put a price on s. one’s head;
    • mit einem Preis auszeichnen to distinguish with a prize;
    • mit einem höheren Preis auszeichnen to mark up;
    • Preise beeinflussen to influence prices;
    • seinen Preis beibehalten to hold its price;
    • in einem Wettbewerb den ersten Preis bekommen to obtain the first prize in a competition;
    • etw. zu einem exorbitanten Preis bekommen to obtain s. th. at a ransom price;
    • Preis berechnen to arrive at (calculate) a price;
    • alten Preis berechnen to charge the old price;
    • jem. einen zu hohen Preis berechnen to overcharge s. o.;
    • niedrige Preise berechnen to ask moderate prices;
    • Preis bestimmen to fix (go into, determine) a price;
    • angemessenen Preis für etw. bezahlen to buy s. th. for what it is worth;
    • doppelten Preis bezahlen to pay double the price;
    • Preis bieten to offer a price;
    • angemessenen Preis bieten to bid a fair price;
    • Preise durcheinander bringen to put a crimp in prices (sl.);
    • Preis davontragen to carry the day (away the bell), to take the cake;
    • Preise drücken to bring (run, beat, coll.) down (bang) prices, to cut off prices;
    • Preise einfrieren to freeze prices (US);
    • sich auf einen Preis einigen to agree upon a price;
    • Preis empfehlen to recommend (suggest) a price;
    • sich durch überhöhte Preise den Markt entfremden to price o. s. out of the market;
    • Preis erfragen to enquire about the price;
    • Preis erhöhen to advance (raise, put up, increase, spike) a price;
    • Preise sprunghaft erhöhen to jump prices;
    • Preise immer weiter erhöhen to pyramid prices;
    • sich nach dem Preis erkundigen to ask (enquire about) the price;
    • Preis ermäßigen to bring down (decrease) a price;
    • Preis ermitteln to arrive at a price;
    • Preis erreichen (erzielen) to realize (obtain, reach) a price;
    • bessere Preise erzielen to secure higher prices;
    • im Preis fallen to sag in price, to depreciate;
    • um den Preis feilschen to haggle over (about) the price;
    • Preis festlegen (festsetzen, feststellen) to price, to quote (determine, make, arrive at, ascertain, name, fix, lay down) a price, to tariff;
    • Preis amtlich festlegen (festsetzen) to establish a price;
    • Preise entsprechend dem amtlichen Preisindex festsetzen to gear prices to formulas based on government price indexes;
    • als Preis fordern to charge (name) a price, to tax (US);
    • nach dem Preis fragen to enquire about (ask) the price;
    • Preise freigeben to release (decontrol) prices;
    • Preis genehmigen to approve of a price;
    • Preis gewinnen to obtain (win) a prize;
    • ersten Preis auf einer Landwirtschaftsausstellung gewinnen to take the first prize at an agricultural show;
    • höchste Preise bei einem Wettbewerb gewinnen to win top hono(u)rs in a competition;
    • seinen Preis haben to have a certain value;
    • Auswirkungen auf die Preise haben to have repercussions on prices;
    • verschiedene Preise haben to differ in price;
    • auf Preise halten to stick to prices;
    • sich weitgehend an die festgesetzten Preise halten to keep as near as possible to the prices quoted;
    • sich im Preis halten to hold up its price;
    • Preis auf einer amtlich festgesetzten Höhe halten to freeze a price (US);
    • Preise niedrig halten to keep prices down, to hold down prices
    • Preise stabil halten to hold the line on prices;
    • Preis herabdrücken to bring (force) down (depress, send, squeeze down) the price;
    • Preis herabsetzen to abate (sink, bring down, mark down) a price, to cheapen;
    • Preise stark herabsetzen to chop prices;
    • Preise stillschweigend herabsetzen to cut prices on the quiet;
    • Preis heraufsetzen to put up (increase) a price;
    • Preise herauftreiben to jump up prices;
    • Preise herunterdrücken to bring (force, send, squeeze) down (screw) prices;
    • mit dem Preis heruntergehen to reduce the price;
    • Preis herunterhandeln to get a price reduced, to beat down a price (coll.);
    • Preise hinaufschrauben to level (screw, send) up prices, to rig the market;
    • Preise hinauftreiben to boost prices;
    • Preise hochhalten to keep prices up;
    • Preis hochschrauben to screw up (lift) prices;
    • Preise hochtreiben to boost (puff up) prices, to bull (rig, Br.) the market;
    • sich einen Preis holen to land a prize (coll.);
    • Preis kalkulieren to arrive at (make out, calculate) a price;
    • Preise schärfstens kalkulieren to cut prices to the minimum;
    • Preis sehr vorsichtig kalkulieren to establish a price at a low level;
    • zu festen Preisen kaufen to buy firm (on the scale);
    • etw. zu herabgesetzten Preis kaufen to buy s. th. at a bargain;
    • unter Preis kaufen to underbuy;
    • völlig unsinnigen Preis kosten to cost prohibitively high;
    • Preise lenken to control prices;
    • unter dem Preis losschlagen to sell under value, to let go under price;
    • zu jedem Preis losschlagen to sell at a sacrifice;
    • Preis mindern to reduce a price;
    • [vom] Preis nachlassen to take off the (make an allowance upon, make a reduction in, abate a) price;
    • Preis nennen to indicate (name) a price;
    • mit der Ladenkasse den Preis notieren to ring up the price;
    • Preis realisieren to obtain a price;
    • Preis reduzieren to lower (reduce) a price;
    • Preis regulieren to control a price;
    • nicht auf den Preis sehen not to consider the price;
    • mit einem Preis einverstanden sein to be willing to pay a price;
    • im Preis konkurrenzfähig sein to be competitively priced;
    • Preis senken to lower (reduce) a price;
    • Preis drastisch senken to slash a price dramatically;
    • Preise durch Subventionsmaßnahmen senken to roll back prices (US);
    • im Preise sinken to look down[wards], to run off;
    • Preise stabilisieren to stabilize prices;
    • im Preis stehen to be worth;
    • hoch im Preis stehen to command a high price;
    • im Preis steigen to increase (advance, enhance, go up) in price, to get (run) up, to bull;
    • im Preis steigern to raise price;
    • Preise stützen to peg (buttress, support, US) prices;
    • Preise in die Höhe treiben to drive up the prices, to bid up [prices], to rig the market;
    • Preise überbieten to outbid prices;
    • amtlich festgelegten Preis überschreiten to sell s. th. above the established price;
    • Preise unterbieten (verderben) to undercut (cut s. one’s) prices;
    • Preis vereinbaren to agree upon (negotiate) a price;
    • über einen Preis verhandeln to negotiate a price;
    • zu einem festen Preis verkaufen to sell at a fixed price;
    • etw. zum halben Preis verkaufen to sell s. th. half-price;
    • zu höheren als den amtlich festgesetzten Preisen verkaufen to sell above the established prices;
    • zu niedrigerem Preis verkaufen to sell under value, to undersell;
    • über Preis verkaufen to sell s. th. above the established price;
    • unter Preis verkaufen to sell under price;
    • zu einem vernünftigen Preis verkaufen to sell at a reasonable rate;
    • Preis verlangen to demand a price;
    • zu hohen Preis verlangen to overprice;
    • während der Saison enorm hohe Preise verlangen to stick it on during the busy season;
    • zu hohe Preise für eine Lieferung verlangen to overcharge goods;
    • mit einem Preis versehen to price;
    • Preise verteilen to distribute (present) the prizes;
    • im Preise billiger werden to decline in price;
    • zu wettbewerbsfähigen Preisen von der landwirtschaftlichen Bevölkerung erzeugt werden to be produced at competitive prices by the farming population;
    • durch hohe Preise vom Markt verdrängt werden to be priced out of the market;
    • ermäßigte Preise durch große Umsätze wettmachen to sell at a low price and recoup o. s. by large sales;
    • vollen Preis zahlen to pay full fare;
    • im Preis zurückgehen to be on the decline;
    • Preise gelten nur bei postwendender Bestellung prices valid subject to immediate acceptance;
    • Frühstück ist im Preis einbezogen the terms are inclusive of breakfast;
    • die Preise sind ins Bodenlose gesunken the bottom has fallen out of the market;
    • der Preis spielt keine Rolle price is no object;
    • der Preis unterliegt einem Rabatt von fünf Prozent the price is subject to a discount of five percent;
    • Preise ziehen heftig (kräftig) an prices rise sharply;
    • Preisabbau price cut, cut in (cutting of, fall in, decline in, reduction of, lowering of) prices;
    • Preisabfall decline in prices;
    • Preis abkommen, Preisabmachung price[-fixing] agreement;
    • staatliches Preisabkommen price code (Br.);
    • Preis- und Förderungsabkommen (OPEC) agreement on pricing and production;
    • Preisabnahme fall (drop, decline) in prices;
    • Preisabrede price [-fixing] agreement, pricing arrangement;
    • Preisabschlag discount, allowance, price deduction (reduction), abatement;
    • jem. einen Preisabschlag einräumen (gewähren) to allow a reduced price to s. o., to make an allowance on the (a reduction in) price;
    • durchschnittlicher Preisabschlag von 3% bei hundert Grundnahrungsmitteln erzwingen to trim 3% on average off the prices of some 100 basic items;
    • Preisabschwächung easing (sagging) of prices, price weakness;
    • Preisabsprache price agreement (arrangement, scheme), (Kartell) price fixing;
    • verbotene Preisabsprache illegal price fixing;
    • Preisabstand disparity in prices, margin;
    • Preisabstufung graduation of prices;
    • Preisabweichung price (value) variance, price difference;
    • Preisaktion price action;
    • Preisänderung price change (variance, modifications, alterations), alteration in price;
    • Preisänderungen vorbehalten subject to alterations, prices subject to change without notice;
    • relative Preisänderung proportionate change in price;
    • Preisänderungsklausel repricing clause;
    • Preisänderungsmitteilung price-change slip;
    • Preisanfrage inquiry as to price, price inquiry, request for quotation.

    Business german-english dictionary > Preis

  • 100 punkt

    I -tu, -ty; loc sg - cie; m
    point; (usługowy, sprzedaży) outlet; (programu, dokumentu) item

    punkt widzenia — viewpoint, point of view

    czyjś mocny/słaby punkt — sb's strong/weak point

    (główny) punkt programu — ( imprezy rozrywkowej) (main) event; ( zebrania) (main) point on the agenda

    zdobyć punkt — ( perf) to score (a point)

    być wrażliwym na punkcie — +gen to be sensitive about

    II adv
    * * *
    I.
    punkt1
    mi
    1. (plamka, miejsce, kropka) point; patrzeć w jeden punkt stare at one point; martwy punkt standstill, deadlock, stalemate; utknąć l. stanąć w martwym punkcie end in (a) stalemate; negocjacje stanęły w martwym punkcie negotiations have come to a standstill; punkt odniesienia point of reference; punkt wyjścia starting point; znaleźć się (ponownie) w punkcie wyjścia be back to square one; punkt zwrotny turning point; czuły punkt sore point l. spot, (soft) underbelly; trafić w czyjś czuły punkt hit sb where it hurts; trafić w najczulszy l. najsłabszy punkt czegoś strike at the very heart of sth, go for the jugular; mocny/słaby punkt strong/weak point; to jest jego słaby punkt it's his weak point, it's a chink in his armor; w dobrym punkcie well-situated; Adam z punktu zmienił zdanie Adam promptly changed his opinion; punkt oparcia point of support; punkt zaczepienia foothold; punkt materialny fiz. particle; punkt potrójny fiz. triple point; punkt przegięcia mat. point of inflection; punkt równonocy astron. equinoctial point; punkt przyłożenia fiz. point of application; punkt topnienia fiz. melting point; punkt wrzenia fiz. boiling point; punkt wysokościowy geogr. spot height; punkt zamarzania fiz. freezing point.
    2. ( miejsce) station, shop, outlet; punkt apteczny pharmacy; punkt ksero copy l. print shop; punkt skupu butelek bottle return; punkt skupu makulatury weigh and pay, waste paper drop; punkt opatrunkowy dressing station; punkt sanitarny l. pomocy medycznej dispensary; punkt usługowy service shop; punkt zborny rallying point; czarny punkt ( miejsce wielu wypadków) black spot.
    3. ( stanowisko) point; punkt dowodzenia command headquarters; punkt informacyjny (np. na lotnisku) information desk; punkt kontrolny (np. na granicy) checkpoint; punkt obserwacyjny vantage point; punkt oporu point l. center of resistance, pocket of resistance; punkt orientacyjny landmark; punkt strategiczny strategic point; punkt widzenia point of view, viewpoint, standpoint.
    4. (= paragraf) item; punkt programu item of the agenda; punkt po punkcie item by item.
    5. ( kwestia) point, matter, issue; punkt honoru point of honor; punkt krytyczny (= kryzys) critical point, crisis; (= punkt zwrotny) (np. w czyichś losach) tide; fiz. critical point; punkt sporny moot point, thorny issue; punkt zapalny flash point; polit. trouble spot; newralgiczny punkt ( źródło konfliktów) pressure point; w tym punkcie nie mogę się z tobą zgodzić I can't agree with you in that l. on this point; mieć bzika na punkcie kogoś/czegoś go ape over sb/sth, be gaga over sb/sth, be mad keen on sb/sth, be wild about sb/sth; on ma bzika na jej punkcie he's mad about her; mieć kompleks na punkcie czegoś have a complex about sth.
    6. ( granica) point; punkt kulminacyjny l. szczytowy climax.
    7. ( jednostka) point, score; szkoln., uniw. mark; punkt karny ( za wykroczenie drogowe) point; sport penalty point ( za coś for sth); punkt meczowy sport match point.
    8. druk., geom. point.
    II.
    punkt2
    adv.
    sharp; będę punkt piąta l. punkt o piątej pot. I'll be there at five sharp, I'll be there at the dot of five.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > punkt

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