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cogitationes

  • 101 animus

        animus ī, m    [AN-], the rational soul (cf. anima, the physical life): humanus: Corpus animum praegravat, H.: deos sparsisse animos in corpora humana: discessus animi a corpore: permanere animos arbitramur. — Fig., of beloved persons, soul, life: anime mi, T.—Of the mind, the mental powers, intelligence, reason, intellect, mind: mecum in animo vitam tuam considero, T.: animo meditari, N.: convertite animos ad Milonem, attention: revocare animos ad belli memoriam: perspicite animis quid velim: in dubio est animus, T.: animus, cui obtunsior sit acies, whose discernment: et animus et consilium et sententia civitatis, the whole intelligence of the community: cui animum inspirat vates, V.: omnia ratione animoque lustrari.— Of bees: Ingentīs animos angusto in pectore versant, V.— Of the memory: Scripta illa dicta sunt in animo, T.: an imprimi, quasi ceram, animum putamus?—Consciousness, recollection, self-possession: reliquit animus Sextium acceptis volneribus, Cs.: Unā eādemque viā sanguis animusque sequuntur, V.: timor abstulit animum, O. — With conscius or conscientia, the conscience: quos conscius animus exagitabat, S.: suae malae cogitationes conscientiaeque animi terrent.—Opinion, judgment, notion, belief: meo quidem animo, in my judgment: maxumi Preti esse animo meo, T.: ex animi tui sententiā iurare, to the best of your knowledge and belief. — The imagination, fancy: cerno animo sepultam patriam: fingite animis, sunt, etc.: nihil animo videre poterant.—Feeling, sensibility, affection, inclination, passion, heart: Quo gemitu conversi animi (sunt), V.: animum offendere: animus ubi se cupiditate devinxit, the character, T.: alius ad alia vitia propensior: tantaene animis caelestibus irae? V.: animo concipit iras, O.: mala mens, malus animus, bad mind, bad heart, T.: omnium mentīs animosque perturbare, Cs.: animum ipsum mentemque hominis: mente animoque nobiscum agunt, Ta.: bestiae, quarum animi sunt rationis expertes.—Disposition, inclination: meus animus in te semper: bono animo in populum R. videri, well disposed, Cs.: Nec non aurumque animusque Latino est, both gold and the disposition (i. e. to give it), V.: regina quietum Accipit in Teucros animum mentemque benignam, a kindly disposition, V.—Esp., in the phrase ex animo, from the heart, in earnest, deeply, sincerely: ex animo omnia facere an de industriā? from impulse or with some design, T.: sive ex animo id fit sive simulate: ex animo dolere, H.—In the locat. form animi, with verbs and adjj.: Antipho me excruciat animi, T.: exanimatus pendet animi: iuvenemque animi miserata repressit, pitying him in her heart, V.: anxius, S.: aeger, L.: infelix, V.: integer, H.—Meton., disposition, character, temper: animo es Molli: animo esse omisso, T.: animi molles et aetate fluxi, S.: sordidus atque animi parvi, H.—Fig., of plants: silvestris, wild nature, V.—Courage, spirit (freq. in plur.): mihi addere animum, T.: nostris animus augetur, Cs.: clamor Romanis auxit animum, L.: mihi animus accenditur, S.: Nunc demum redit animus, Ta.: Pallas Dat animos, O.: in hac re plus animi quam consili habere: tela viris animusque cadunt, O.: bono animo esse, to be of good courage: bono animo fac sis, T.: satis animi, courage enough, O.: magnus mihi animus est, fore, etc., hope, Ta.—Fig., of the winds: Aeolus mollit animos, the violence, V.—Of a top: dant animos plagae, give it quicker motion, V.—Haughtiness, arrogance, pride: vobis... Sublati animi sunt, your pride is roused, T.: tribuni militum animos ac spiritūs capere, bear the arrogance and pride, etc.—Passion, vehemence, wrath: animum vincere: animum rege, qui nisi paret Imperat, H.: (Achelous) pariter animis inmanis et undis, O.—In the phrase aequus animus, an even mind, calmness, moderation, equanimity: concedo... quod animus aequus est.—Usu. abl: aequo animo, with even mind, contentedly, resignedly, patiently: aequo animo ferre, T.: non tulit hoc aequo animo Dion, N.: aequissimo animo mori: alqd aequo animo accipit, is content to believe, S.: opinionem animis aut libentibus aut aequis remittere: sententiam haud aequioribus animis audire, L.—Inclination, pleasure: Indulgent animis, O.— Esp., animi causā, for the sake of amusement, for diversion, for pleasure: (animalia) alunt animi voluptatisque causā, Cs.: habet animi causā rus amoenum: animi et aurium causā homines habere, i. e. employ musicians.—Will, desire, purpose, design, intention, resolve: tuom animum intellegere, purpose, T.: persequi Iugurtham animo ardebat, S.: hostes in foro constiterunt, hoc animo, ut, etc., Cs.: habere in animo Capitolium ornare, to intend: fert animus dicere, my plan is, O.: nobis erat in animo Ciceronem mittere, it was my purpose: omnibus unum Opprimere est animus, O.: Sacra Iovi Stygio perficere est animus, V.
    * * *
    mind; intellect; soul; feelings; heart; spirit, courage, character, pride; air

    Latin-English dictionary > animus

  • 102 dērigō or dēregō or dīrigō

        dērigō or dēregō or dīrigō rēxī, rēctus, ere    [de + rego], to lay straight, set straight, arrange, lay out: haec directä materiā iniecta consternebantur, Cs.: cratīs, Cs.: derexerat finem Philippo veterem viam regiam, L.: opera, Cs.: vicos, L.— To draw up, form (a line of battle): aciem, Cs.: Derexere acies, V.— To direct, send, aim, drive, steer: ab iisdem (Etesiis) cursūs (navium) deriguntur: iter navis, O.: quā te ducit via, derige gressum, V.: ex vestigio vela ad castra, Cs.: equum in ipsum consulem, L.: dentīs in inguina, O.: cursum per auras in lucos, V.: alquo cursum: navem eo, N.: huc gressum, V.—Of weapons, to aim, direct, discharge: spicula cornu, V.: tela arcu, H.: tela Corpus in Aeacidae, V.: hastam in te, O.: Ilo hastam, V.—Fig., to direct, guide, define, limit, regulate: meas cogitationes non ad illam Cynosuram: ad quae (exempla) oratio deregatur mea: vitam ad rationis normam: ad illius similitudinem manum: omnia voluptate: utilitatem honestate: (divinatio) ad veritatem saepissime derigit, points the way.

    Latin-English dictionary > dērigō or dēregō or dīrigō

  • 103 dīcō

        dīcō dīxī, dictus （imper. dīc; perf. often <*>ync. dīxtī; P. praes. gen. plur. dīcentum for dīcentium, O.), ere    [DIC-], to say, speak, utter, tell, mention, relate, affirm, declare, state, assert: ille, quem dixi, mentioned: stuporem hominis vel dicam pecudis attendite, or rather: neque dicere quicquam pensi habebat, S.: in aurem Dicere nescio quid puero, whisper, H.: Quid de quoque viro et cui dicas, H.: quam tertiam esse Galliae partem dixeramus, Cs.: dico eius adventu copias instructas fuisse: derectos se a vobis dicunt, Cs.: qui dicerent, nec tuto eos adituros, nec, etc., L.— Pass: de hoc Verri dicitur, habere eum, etc., it is reported to Verres that, etc.: dicitur, ad ea referri omnes nostras cogitationes, they say: quam (partem) Gallos obtinere dictum est, I have remarked, Cs.: ut supra dictum est, S.: sicut ante dictum est, N.: Facete dictum, smartly said, T.: multa facete dicta: centum pagos habere dicuntur, Cs.: qui primus Homeri libros sic disposuisse dicitur: ubi dicitur cinxisse Semiramis urbem, O.— Supin. abl.: dictu opus est, T.: nil est dictu facilius, T.— Prov.: dictum ac factum, no sooner said than done, T.— To assert, affirm, maintain: quem esse negas, eundem esse dicis.—Of public speaking, to pronounce, deliver, rehearse, speak: oratio dicta de scripto: sententiam: qui primus sententiam dixerit, voted: sententiae dicebantur, the question was put: testimonium, to give evidence: causam, to plead: ius, to pronounce judgment: ad quos? before whom (as judges)?: ad ista dicere, in reply to: dixi (in ending a speech), I have done.—To describe, relate, sing, celebrate, tell, predict: maiora bella dicentur, L.: laudes Phoebi, H.: Alciden puerosque Ledae, H.: te carmine, V.: Primā dicte mihi Camenā, H.: versūs, V.: carmina fistulā, accompany, H.: cursum mihi, foretell, V.: fata Quiritibus, H.: hoc (Delphi), O.— To urge, offer: non causam dico quin ferat, I have no objection, T. — To pronounce, utter, articulate: cum rho dicere nequiret, etc.— To call, name: me Caesaris militem dici volui, Cs.: cui Ascanium dixere nomen, L.: Quem dixere Chaos, O.: Chaoniamque omnem Troiano a Chaone dixit, V.: Romanos suo de nomine, V.: Hic ames dici pater, H.: lapides Ossa reor dici, O.: dictas a Pallade terras Linquit, O.— Prov.: dici beatus Ante obitum nemo debet, O. — To name, appoint (to an office): se dictatorem, Cs.: magistrum equitum, L.: arbitrum bibendi, H.— To appoint, set apart, fix upon, settle: pecuniam omnem suam doti: hic nuptiis dictust dies, T.: diem operi: dies conloquio dictus est, Cs.: locum consciis, L.: legem his rebus: foederis uequas leges, V.: legem tibi, H.: legem sibi, to give sentence upon oneself, O.: eodem Numida inermis, ut dictum erat, accedit, S.—In phrases with potest: non dici potest quam flagrem desiderio urbis, it is beyond expression: quantum desiderium sui reliquerit dici vix potest, can hardly be told.— To tell, bid, admonish, warn, threaten: qui diceret, ne discederet, N.: Dic properet, bid her hasten, V.: dic Ad cenam veniat, H.: Tibi ego dico annon? T.: tibi equidem dico, mane, T.: tibi dicimus, O.: dixi, I have said it, i. e. you may depend upon it, T.: Dixi equidem et dico, I have said and I repeat it, H.— To mean, namely, to wit: non nullis rebus inferior, genere dico et nomine: Caesari, patri dico: cum dico mihi, senatui dico populoque R.
    * * *
    I
    dicare, dicavi, dicatus V
    dedicate, consecrate, set apart; devote; offer
    II
    dicere, additional forms V
    say, talk; tell, call; name, designate; assert; set, appoint; plead; order
    III
    dicere, dixi, dictus V
    say, talk; tell, call; name, designate; assert; set, appoint; plead; order

    Latin-English dictionary > dīcō

  • 104 ē-vocō

        ē-vocō āvī, ātus, āre,    to call out, call forth, summon, evoke: te huc foras, T.: milites ex hibernis in expeditionem, S.: virum e curiā, L.: testīs huc: nostros ad pugnam, challenge, Cs.: deus evocatus sacratis sibi finibus, removed by invocation, L.: animas Orco, V.: centuriones, Cs.: viris fortibus nominatim evocatis, Cs.: alqm litteris: nostros ad pugnam, challenge, Cs.: ad arma: ad praedam, Cs.: manīs: alqm ab inferis: proavos sepulchris, O.—Fig., to call forth, bring out, elicit, stir, raise: probitas non praemiorum mercedibus evocata: familiam e tenebris in lucem: sic te iis (litteris) evocatam, appealed to: (cogitationes) in medium, L.: praedae cupiditas multos longius evocabat, led on, Cs.

    Latin-English dictionary > ē-vocō

  • 105 in-calēscō

        in-calēscō caluī, —, ere,     inch, to grow warm, be heated, glow: incalescente sole, L.: incaluit vis illa mali (i. e. veneni), O.: vino, L.—Fig., to glow, kindle, be inspired: deo, O.: acres Incaluere animi (equorum), O.: ad magnas cogitationes, Ta.

    Latin-English dictionary > in-calēscō

  • 106 intimus or intumus

        intimus or intumus adj. sup.    [ANA-], inmost, innermost, deepest, profound: in eo sacrario intimo: abdidit se in intimam Macedoniam: angulus, H.: Tartara, V.: praecordia, O.—As subst n.: se in intimum conicere (balnearum): finium, L. —Fig., profound, inward, deepest, inmost: sensūs civitatis: cogitationes: sermo, i. e. soliloquy: ars: amicitia, N.—Of persons, intimate, near, close: familiares: scis quam intumum Habeam te, T.: eorum consiliis, T.: Catilinae.— Plur m. as subst, intimate friends: unus ex meis intimis: regis, N.

    Latin-English dictionary > intimus or intumus

  • 107 pateō

        pateō uī, —, ēre    [2 PAT-], to stand open, lie open, be open: mihi patent fores, T.: ut mihi tua domus pateat, T.: nares semper patent: semitae patuerant, Cs.: ne fugae quidem patebat locus, L.: patet isti ianua leto, there lies open, V.— To lie open, be exposed: patens volneri equus, L.— To stretch out, extend: Helvetiorum fines in longitudinem milia passuum CCXI patebant, Cs.—Fig., to be open, be free, be allowable, be accessible, be attainable: si Antonio patuisset Gallia: his omnium domūs patent, Cs.: praemia quae pateant stipendiariis.—Of the mind or senses, to be open, be ready to hear, attend: (constat) patere aurīs tuas querelis omnium: tamquam ad cogitationes pateat animus, Ta.— To be exposed, be liable: multa patent in eorum vitā, quae fortuna feriat.— To extend: in quo vitio latissime patet avaritia.— To be clear, be plain, be well known, be manifest: patere tua consilia non sentis?: cum pateat aeternum id esse, quod, etc.
    * * *
    patere, patui, - V
    stand open, be open; extend; be well known; lie open, be accessible

    Latin-English dictionary > pateō

  • 108 (posterus)

        (posterus) adj. with comp. posterior, us, and sup. postremus    [post].    I. Posit. (not used in sing. nom m.), coming after, following, next, ensuing, subsequent, future: cum ibi diem posterum commoraretur: postero die, S.: posterā nocte, N.: postera aetas, H.: posterā Crescam laude, in the esteem of posterity, H.— Plur m. as subst, coming generations, descendants, posterity: sic vestri posteri de vobis praedicabunt.—Ellipt.: quam minimum credula postero (sc. tempori), to-morrow, H.: in posterum oppugnationem differt, the next day, Cs.: in posterum (sc. tempus) confirmat, for the future, Cs.: longe in posterum prospicere.— As subst n., a sequence, result: posterum et consequens.—    II. Comp, that comes after, next in order, following, latter, later, posterior: ut cum priore (dicto) posterius cohaerere videatur: nec acumine posteriorum (oratorum), nec fulmine utens superiorum: Pars prior apparet, posteriora latent, O.: cogitationes, afterthoughts: quod prius ordine verbum est, Posterius facias, H.: Posterior partīs superat mensura priores, i. e. the bulk of the hinder parts, O.—Fig., inferior, of less account, of lower value, worse: nihil posterius, nihil nequius: non posteriores feram (sc. partīs), I shall not be behindhand, T.: utrum posterior an infelicior esset iudicare: quorum utrique patriae salus posterior suā dominatione fuit.—    III. Sup, hindmost, last, aftermost, rear: alia prima ponet, alia postrema: acies, S.: nec postrema cura, not the last, V.— Plur n. as subst, the last, rear: in agmine in primis modo, modo in postremis adesse, S.: non in postremis, especially (cf. in primis): Messapus primas acies, postrema coërcent Tyrrhidae iuvenes, V.—Fig., the last, lowest, basest, meanest, worst: genus: servitus postremum malorum omnium.

    Latin-English dictionary > (posterus)

  • 109 simplex

        simplex icis, adj. with comp.    [PARC-], simple, single, plain, uncompounded, unmixed: natura animantis: genus inperi: (comoedia) Duplex quae ex argumento factast simplici, T.: simplex est manere, illud (in Hispaniam ire) anceps, free from risk: necessitudines, absolute: simplici ordine intrare urbem, i. e. one by one, L.: ne simplici quidem genere mortis contenti, i. e. without torture, L.: Nec via mortis erat simplex, i. e. they met death in various ways, V.: volnus, O.: esca, H.: aqua, O.: plus vice simplici, more than once, H.: ornatus simplicium (verborum), single.—Fig., simple, without dissimulation, open, frank, straightforward, direct, guileless, artless, sincere, ingenuous: vir: homo: Nymphae, H.: puella, O.: simplex et fautrix suorum regio: animal Innocuum, simplex, O.: nihil simplex, nihil sincerum: cogitationes, Ta.: Simplicior quis, too straightforward, H.
    * * *
    (gen.), simplicis ADJ
    single; simple, unaffected

    Latin-English dictionary > simplex

  • 110 terreō

        terreō uī, itus, ēre    [2 TER-], to frighten, affright, put in fear, cause to dread, alarm, terrify, scare, dismay: vi: ultro succlamationibus, L.: nec me ista terrent: suae malae cogitationes terrent: multum ad terrendos nostros valuit clamor, Cs.: metu, L.: Territus hoste novo, O.: maxime territi, ne opprimerentur, apprehensive, L.: Terruit gentīs, ne rediret Saeculum Pyrrhae, H.: territus animi, L.— To drive away by terror, frighten off, scare away: profugam per totum orbem, O.: volucres (harundo), H.: Terret ambustus Phaethon avaras Spes, H.— To deter by terror, scare, frighten: ut, quo minus libere hostes insequerentur, terreret, Cs.: memoria exempli terrebat, ne rem committerent eo, L.
    * * *
    terrere, terrui, territus V
    frighten, scare, terrify, deter

    Latin-English dictionary > terreō

  • 111 versō or vorsō

        versō or vorsō āvī, ātus, āre, freq.    [verto], to turn often, keep turning, handle, whirl about, turn over: Sisyphus versat Saxum, C. poët.: turdos in igni, H.: Ova non acrifavillā, O.: vinclorum volumina, V.: pollice fusum, O.: sortem urnā, shake, H.: ligonibus glaebas, break up, H.: desectum gramen, i. e. make hay, O.: currum in gramine, i. e. wheel about, V.: oves, pasture, V.: exemplaria Graeca, i. e. peruse, H.: versabat se in utramque partem, i. e. kept displaying hesitation: qui (orbes) versantur retro.—Prov.: satis diu iam hoc saxum vorso (alluding to Sisyphus), i. e. I have wasted time enough with this man, T.—In pass, to move about, dwell, live, remain, stay, abide, be: non ad solarium, non in campo versatus est: inter aciem, Cs.: intra vallum, Cs.: apud praefectos regis, N.—Fig., to turn, twist, bend, manage, direct: versare suam naturam et regere ad tempus: multis modis eadem: verba, i. e. to pervert: fors omnia versat, changes, V.: huc et illuc vos: se ad omnīs cogitationes, Cu.—To upturn, discompose, disturb, vex, agitate: haerere homo, versari, to be disturbed: odiis domos, subvert, V.: domum, O.: sic fortuna utrumque versavit, ut, etc., i. e. treated each in turn, Cs.: in omnes partes muliebrem animum, L.—To turn over, think over, reflect upon, revolve, consider, meditate: in animis secum unamquamque rem, L.: nefas in pectore, V.: versate diu, quid ferre recusent, Quid valeant umeri, H.— Pass, to be, be circumstanced, be situated: nescis, quantis in malis vorser miser, T.: ergo illi nunc in pace versantur: in simili culpā, Cs.: mihi ante oculos dies noctīsque versaris: Mithridaticum bellum, in multā varietate versatum, waged with many vicissitudes: partes, in quibus irae libidinesque versentur.—To occupy oneself, be engaged, be busied, be employed: homo saepe in Caede versatus: qui in re p. versamur: multum in imperiis, N.: is missum ad dilectūs agendos Agricolam integreque ac strenue versatum praeposuit, etc., i. e. having fulfilled his mission honorably, etc., Ta.—To be concerned, belong, depend, turn: haec omnia in eodem quo illa Zenonis errore versantur: dicendi omnis ratio in hominum more et sermone versatur.

    Latin-English dictionary > versō or vorsō

  • 112 absumo

    ab-sūmo, mpsi, mptum (not msi, mtum), 3, v. a.
    I.
    Orig., to take away; hence, to diminish by taking away. Of things, to consume, to annihilate; of persons, orig. to ruin, to corrupt; later, in a phys. sense, to kill. Thus Hercules, in the transl. of the Trachiniae, complains: sic corpus clade horribili absumptum extabuit, consumed, ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 8, 20; so Philoctetes in a piece of Attius: jam jam absumor: conficit animam vis vulneris, Att. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 7, 19 (Trag. Rel. p. 209 Rib.):

    jam ista quidem absumpta res erit: diesque noctesque estur, bibitur, etc.,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 78:

    absumpti sumus, pater tuus venit,

    we are lost, undone! id. ib. 2, 1, 18; id. Am. 5, 1, 6:

    nisi quid tibi in tete auxili est, absumptus es,

    you are ruined, id. Ep. 1, 1, 76:

    dum te fidelem facere ero voluisti, absumptu's paene,

    id. Mil. 2, 4, 55:

    pytisando modo mihi quid vini absumpsit!

    has consumed, Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 48; so,

    absumet heres Caecuba dignior,

    Hor. C. 2, 14, 25:

    mensas malis,

    Verg. A. 3, 257; cf. id. G. 3, 268; and:

    absumptis frugum alimentis,

    Liv. 23, 30, 3:

    urbem flammis,

    to consume, destroy, Liv. 30, 7, 9; cf. Vell. 2, 130; Plin. Ep. 10, 42:

    plures fame quam ferro absumpti,

    Liv. 22, 39, 14; cf.:

    quos non oppresserat ignis, ferro absumpti,

    killed, id. 30, 6, 6; and:

    multi ibi mortales ferro ignique absumpti sunt,

    id. 5, 7, 3; so,

    nisi mors eum absumpsisset,

    id. 23, 30 fin.; and:

    animam leto,

    Verg. A. 3, 654.—Absumi, to be killed:

    ubi nuper Epiri rex Alexander absumptus erat,

    Liv. 9, 17 fin. —Absumi in aliquid, to be used for any thing, to be changed into:

    dentes in cornua absumi,

    Plin. 11, 37, 45 fin. —
    II.
    Fig., to ruin:

    cum ille et curā et sumptu absumitur,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 26:

    satietatem amoris,

    to consume, id. ib. 5, 5, 6.—Often of time:

    ne dicendo tempus absumam,

    spend, pass, Cic. Quint. 10; so,

    quattuor horas dicendo,

    Liv. 45, 37, 6:

    diem,

    Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 114:

    biduum inter cogitationes,

    Curt. 3, 6, 8:

    magnam partem aetatis in hoc,

    Quint. 12, 11, 15.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > absumo

  • 113 ad

    ad, prep. with acc. (from the fourth century after Christ written also at; Etrusc. suf. -a; Osc. az; Umbr. and Old Lat. ar, as [p. 27] in Eug. Tab., in S. C. de Bacch., as arveho for adveho; arfuerunt, arfuisse, for adfuerunt, etc.; arbiter for adbiter; so, ar me advenias, Plant. Truc. 2, 2, 17; cf. Prisc. 559 P.; Vel. Long. 2232 P.; Fabretti, Glos. Ital. col. 5) [cf. Sanscr. adhi; Goth. and Eng. at; Celt. pref. ar, as armor, i.e. ad mare; Rom. a].
    I.
    As antith. to ab (as in to ex), in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.
    A.
    In space.
    1.
    Direction toward, to, toward, and first,
    a.
    Horizontally:

    fugere ad puppim colles campique videntur,

    the hills and fields appear to fly toward the ship, Lucr. 4, 390: meridie umbrae cadunt ad septentrionem, ortu vero ad occasum, to or toward the north and west, Plin. 2, 13, and so often of the geog. position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs jacere, vergere, spectare, etc.:

    Asia jacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquiionem,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 31 Mull.;

    and in Plin. very freq.: Creta ad austrum... ad septentrionem versa, 4, 20: ad Atticam vergente, 4, 21 al.—Also trop.: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81.—
    b.
    In a direction upwards (esp. in the poets, very freq.): manusque sursum ad caelum sustulit, Naev. ap. Non. 116, 30 (B. Pun. p. 13, ed. Vahl.): manus ad caeli templa tendebam lacrimans, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 20, 40 (Ann. v. 50 ed. Vahl.); cf.:

    duplices tendens ad sidera palmas,

    Verg. A. 1, 93: molem ex profundo saxeam ad caelum vomit, Att. ap. Prisc. 1325 P.: clamor ad caelum volvendus, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 104 Mull. (Ann. v. 520 ed. Vahl.) (cf. with this: tollitur in caelum clamor, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, or Ann. v. 422):

    ad caelumque ferat flammai fulgura rursum, of Aetna,

    Lucr. 1, 725; cf. id. 2, 191; 2, 325: sidera sola micant;

    ad quae sua bracchia tendens, etc.,

    Ov. M. 7, 188:

    altitudo pertingit ad caelum,

    Vulg. Dan. 4, 17.—
    c.
    Also in the direction downwards (for the usu. in):

    tardiore semper ad terras omnium quae geruntur in caelo effectu cadente quam visu,

    Plin. 2, 97, 99, § 216.
    2.
    The point or goal at which any thing arrives.
    a.
    Without reference to the space traversed in passing, to, toward (the most common use of this prep.): cum stupro redire ad suos popularis, Naev. ap. Fest. p. 317 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 14 ed. Vahl.):

    ut ex tam alto dignitatis gradu ad superos videatur potius quam ad inferos pervenisse,

    Cic. Lael. 3, 12: ad terras decidat aether, Lucan. 2, 58. —Hence,
    (α).
    With verbs which designate going, coming, moving, bearing, bringing near, adapting, taking, receiving, calling, exciting, admonishing, etc., when the verb is compounded with ad the prep. is not always repeated, but the constr. with the dat. or acc. employed; cf. Rudd. II. pp. 154, 175 n. (In the ante-class. per., and even in Cic., ad is generally repeated with most verbs, as, ad eos accedit, Cic. Sex. Rosc. 8:

    ad Sullam adire,

    id. ib. 25:

    ad se adferre,

    id. Verr. 4, 50:

    reticulum ad naris sibi admovebat,

    id. ib. 5, 27:

    ad laborem adhortantur,

    id. de Sen. 14:

    T. Vectium ad se arcessit,

    id. Verr. 5, 114; but the poets of the Aug. per., and the historians, esp. Tac., prefer the dative; also, when the compound verb contains merely the idea of approach, the constr. with ad and the acc. is employed; but when it designates increase, that with the dat. is more usual: accedit ad urbem, he approaches the city; but, accedit provinciae, it is added to the province.)—
    (β).
    Ad me, te, se, for domum meam, tuam, suam (in Plaut. and Ter. very freq.):

    oratus sum venire ad te huc,

    Plaut. Mil. 5, 1, 12: spectatores plaudite atque ite ad vos comissatum, id. Stich. fin.:

    eamus ad me,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 64:

    ancillas traduce huc ad vos,

    id. Heaut. 4, 4, 22:

    transeundumst tibi ad Menedemum,

    id. 4, 4, 17: intro nos vocat ad sese, tenet intus apud se, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 86 P.:

    te oro, ut ad me Vibonem statim venias,

    Cic. Att. 3, 3; 16, 10 al.—
    (γ).
    Ad, with the name of a deity in the gen., is elliptical for ad templum or aedem (cf.:

    Thespiadas, quae ad aedem Felicitatis sunt,

    Cic. Verr. 4, 4; id. Phil. 2, 35:

    in aedem Veneris,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 120;

    in aedem Concordiae,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 9, 21;

    2, 6, 12): ad Dianae,

    to the temple of, Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 43:

    ad Opis,

    Cic. Att. 8, 1, 14:

    ad Castoris,

    id. Quint. 17:

    ad Juturnae,

    id. Clu. 101:

    ad Vestae,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 35 al.: cf. Rudd. II. p. 41, n. 4, and p. 334.—
    (δ).
    With verbs which denote a giving, sending, informing, submitting, etc., it is used for the simple dat. (Rudd. II. p. 175): litteras dare ad aliquem, to send or write one a letter; and: litteras dare alicui, to give a letter to one; hence Cic. never says, like Caesar and Sall., alicui scribere, which strictly means, to write for one (as a receipt, etc.), but always mittere, scribere, perscribere ad aliquem:

    postea ad pistores dabo,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 119:

    praecipe quae ad patrem vis nuntiari,

    id. Capt. 2, 2, 109:

    in servitutem pauperem ad divitem dare,

    Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 48:

    nam ad me Publ. Valerius scripsit,

    Cic. Fam. 14, 2 med.:

    de meis rebus ad Lollium perscripsi,

    id. ib. 5, 3:

    velim domum ad te scribas, ut mihi tui libri pateant,

    id. Att. 4, 14; cf. id. ib. 4, 16:

    ad primam (sc. epistulam) tibi hoc scribo,

    in answer to your first, id. ib. 3, 15, 2:

    ad Q. Fulvium Cons. Hirpini et Lucani dediderunt sese,

    Liv. 27, 15, 1; cf. id. 28, 22, 5.—Hence the phrase: mittere or scribere librum ad aliquem, to dedicate a book to one (Greek, prosphônein):

    has res ad te scriptas, Luci, misimus, Aeli,

    Lucil. Sat. 1, ap. Auct. Her. 4, 12:

    quae institueram, ad te mittam,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 5: ego interea admonitu tuo perfeci sane argutulos libros ad Varronem;

    and soon after: mihi explices velim, maneasne in sententia, ut mittam ad eum quae scripsi,

    Cic. Att. 13, 18; cf. ib. 16; Plin. 1, 19.—So in titles of books: M. Tullii Ciceronis ad Marcum Brutum Orator; M. T. Cic. ad Q. Fratrem Dialogi tres de Oratore, etc.—In the titles of odes and epigrams ad aliquem signifies to, addressed to. —
    (ε).
    With names of towns after verbs of motion, ad is used in answer to the question Whither? instead of the simple acc.; but commonly with this difference, that ad denotes to the vicinity of, the neighborhood of:

    miles ad Capuam profectus sum, quintoque anno post ad Tarentum,

    Cic. de Sen. 4, 10; id. Fam. 3, 81:

    ad Veios,

    Liv. 5, 19; 14, 18; cf. Caes. B. G. 1, 7; id. B. C. 3, 40 al.—Ad is regularly used when the proper name has an appellative in apposition to it:

    ad Cirtam oppidum iter constituunt,

    Sall. J. 81, 2; so Curt. 3, 1, 22; 4, 9, 9;

    or when it is joined with usque,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 34, § 87; id. Deiot, 7, 19.— (When an adjective is added, the simple acc. is used poet., as well as with ad:

    magnum iter ad doctas proficisci cogor Athenas,

    Prop. 3, 21, 1; the simple acc., Ov. H. 2, 83: doctas jam nunc eat, inquit, Athenas).—
    (ζ).
    With verbs which imply a hostile movement toward, or protection in respect to any thing, against = adversus:

    nonne ad senem aliquam fabricam fingit?

    Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 34:

    Lernaeas pugnet ad hydras,

    Prop. 3, 19, 9: neque quo pacto fallam, nec quem dolum ad eum aut machinam commoliar, old poet in Cic. N. D. 3, 29, 73:

    Belgarum copias ad se venire vidit,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5; 7, 70:

    ipse ad hostem vehitur,

    Nep. Dat. 4, 5; id. Dion. 5, 4: Romulus ad regem impetus facit (a phrase in which in is commonly found), Liv. 1, 5, 7, and 44, 3, 10:

    aliquem ad hostem ducere,

    Tac. A. 2, 52:

    clipeos ad tela protecti obiciunt,

    Verg. A. 2, 443:

    munio me ad haec tempora,

    Cic. Fam. 9, 18:

    ad hos omnes casus provisa erant praesidia,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 65; 7, 41;

    so with nouns: medicamentum ad aquam intercutem,

    Cic. Off. 3, 24:

    remedium ad tertianam,

    Petr. Sat. 18:

    munimen ad imbris,

    Verg. G. 2, 352:

    farina cum melle ad tussim siccam efficasissima est,

    Plin. 20, 22, 89, § 243:

    ad muliebre ingenium efficaces preces,

    Liv. 1, 9; 1, 19 (in these two passages ad may have the force of apud, Hand).—
    (η).
    The repetition of ad to denote the direction to a place and to a person present in it is rare:

    nunc tu abi ad forum ad herum,

    Plaut. As. 2, 2, 100; cf.:

    vocatis classico ad concilium militibus ad tribunos,

    Liv. 5 47.—(The distinction between ad and in is given by Diom. 409 P., thus: in forum ire est in ipsum forum intrare; ad forum autem ire, in locum foro proximum; ut in tribunal et ad tribunal venire non unum est; quia ad tribunal venit litigator, in tribunal vero praetor aut judex; cf. also Sen. Ep. 73, 14, deus ad homines venit, immo, quod propius est, in homines venit.)—
    b.
    The terminus, with ref. to the space traversed, to, even to, with or without usque, Quint. 10, 7, 16: ingurgitavit usque ad imum gutturem, Naev. ap. Non. 207, 20 (Rib. Com. Rel. p. 30): dictator pervehitur usque ad oppidum, Naev. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Mull. (B. Pun. p. 16 ed. Vahl.):

    via pejor ad usque Baii moenia,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 96; 1, 1, 97:

    rigidum permanat frigus ad ossa,

    Lucr. 1, 355; 1, 969:

    cum sudor ad imos Manaret talos,

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 10:

    ut quantum posset, agmen ad mare extenderet,

    Curt. 3, 9, 10:

    laeva pars ad pectus est nuda,

    id. 6, 5, 27 al. —Hence the Plinian expression, petere aliquid (usque) ad aliquem, to seek something everywhere, even with one:

    ut ad Aethiopas usque peteretur,

    Plin. 36, 6, 9, § 51 (where Jan now reads ab Aethiopia); so,

    vestis ad Seras peti,

    id. 12, 1, 1.— Trop.:

    si quid poscam, usque ad ravim poscam,

    Plaut. Aul. 2, 5, 10:

    deverberasse usque ad necem,

    Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 13;

    without usque: hic ad incitas redactus,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 136; 4, 2, 52; id. Poen. 4, 2, 85; illud ad incitas cum redit atque internecionem, Lucil. ap. Non. 123, 20:

    virgis ad necem caedi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 29, § 70; so Hor. S. 1, 2, 42; Liv. 24, 38, 9; Tac. A. 11, 37; Suet. Ner. 26; id. Dom. 8 al.
    3.
    Nearness or proximity in gen. = apud, near to, by, at, close by (in anteclass. per. very freq.; not rare later, esp. in the historians): pendent peniculamenta unum ad quemque pedum, trains are suspended at each foot, Enn. ap. Non. 149, 33 (Ann. v. 363 ed. Vahl.):

    ut in servitute hic ad suum maneat patrem,

    Plaut. Capt. prol. 49; cf. id. ib. 2, 3, 98;

    3, 5, 41: sol quasi flagitator astat usque ad ostium,

    stands like a creditor continually at the door, id. Most. 3, 2, 81 (cf. with same force, Att. ap. Non. 522, 25;

    apud ipsum astas): ad foris adsistere,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 66; id. Arch. 24:

    astiterunt ad januam,

    Vulg. Act. 10, 17:

    non adest ad exercitum,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 6; cf. ib. prol. 133:

    aderant ad spectaculum istud,

    Vulg. Luc. 23, 48: has (testas) e fenestris in caput Deiciunt, qui prope ad ostium adspiraverunt, Lucil. ap. Non. 288, 31:

    et nec opinanti Mors ad caput adstitit,

    Lucr. 3, 959:

    quod Romanis ad manum domi supplementum esset,

    at hand, Liv. 9, 19, 6:

    haec arma habere ad manum,

    Quint. 12, 5, 1:

    dominum esse ad villam,

    Cic. Sull. 20; so id. Verr. 2, 21:

    errantem ad flumina,

    Verg. E. 6, 64; Tib. 1, 10, 38; Plin. 7, 2, § 12; Vitr. 7, 14; 7, 12; and ellipt. (cf. supra, 2. g):

    pecunia utinam ad Opis maneret!

    Cic. Phil. 1, 17.—Even of persons:

    qui primum pilum ad Caesarem duxerat (for apud),

    Caes. B. G. 6, 38; so id. ib. 1, 31; 3, 9; 5, 53; 7, 5; id. B. C. 3, 60:

    ad inferos poenas parricidii luent,

    among, Cic. Phil. 14, 13:

    neque segnius ad hostes bellum apparatur,

    Liv. 7, 7, 4: pugna ad Trebiam, ad Trasimenum, ad Cannas, etc., for which Liv. also uses the gen.:

    si Trasimeni quam Trebiae, si Cannarum quam Trasimeni pugna nobilior esset, 23, 43, 4.—Sometimes used to form the name of a place, although written separately, e. g. ad Murcim,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 154:

    villa ad Gallinas, a villa on the Flaminian Way,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 37: ad urbem esse (of generals), to remain outside the city (Rome) until permission was given for a triumph:

    “Esse ad urbem dicebantur, qui cum potestate provinciali aut nuper e provincia revertissent, aut nondum in provinciam profecti essent... solebant autem, qui ob res in provincia gestas triumphum peterent, extra urbem exspectare, donec, lege lata, triumphantes urbem introire possent,”

    Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 3, 8.—So sometimes with names of towns and verbs of rest:

    pons, qui erat ad Genavam,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

    ad Tibur mortem patri minatus est,

    Cic. Phil. 6, 4, 10:

    conchas ad Caietam legunt,

    id. Or. 2, 6:

    ad forum esse,

    to be at the market, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 136; id. Most. 3, 2, 158; cf. Ter. Ph. 4, 2, 8; id. And. 1, 5, 19.—Hence, adverb., ad dextram (sc. manum, partem), ad laevam, ad sinistram, to the right, to the left, or on the right, on the left:

    ad dextram,

    Att. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 225; Plaut. Poen. 3, 4, 1; Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 44; Cic. Univ. 13; Caes. B. C. 1, 69:

    ad laevam,

    Enn. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 51; Att. ib. p. 217: ad sinistram, Ter. [p. 28] Ad. 4, 2, 43 al.:

    ad dextram... ad laevam,

    Liv. 40, 6;

    and with an ordinal number: cum plebes ad tertium milliarium consedisset,

    at the third milestone, Cic. Brut. 14, 54, esp. freq. with lapis:

    sepultus ad quintum lapidem,

    Nep. Att. 22, 4; so Liv. 3, 69 al.; Tac. H. 3, 18; 4, 60 (with apud, Ann. 1, 45; 3, 45; 15, 60) al.; cf. Rudd. II. p. 287.
    B.
    In time, analogous to the relations given in A.
    1.
    Direction toward, i. e. approach to a definite point of time, about, toward:

    domum reductus ad vesperum,

    toward evening, Cic. Lael. 3, 12:

    cum ad hiemem me ex Cilicia recepissem,

    toward winter, id. Fam. 3, 7.—
    2.
    The limit or boundary to which a space of time extends, with and without usque, till, until, to, even to, up to:

    ego ad illud frugi usque et probus fui,

    Plaut. Most. 1, 2, 53:

    philosophia jacuit usque ad hanc aetatem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. de Sen. 14:

    quid si hic manebo potius ad meridiem,

    Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 55; so id. Men. 5, 7, 33; id. Ps. 1, 5, 116; id. As. 2, 1, 5:

    ad multam noctem,

    Cic. de Sen. 14:

    Sophocles ad summam senectutem tragoedias fecit,

    id. ib. 2; cf. id. Rep. 1, 1:

    Alexandream se proficisci velle dixit (Aratus) remque integram ad reditum suum jussit esse,

    id. Off. 2, 23, 82:

    bestiae ex se natos amant ad quoddam tempus,

    id. Lael. 8; so id. de Sen. 6; id. Somn. Sc. 1 al. —And with ab or ab-usque, to desig. the whole period of time passed away:

    ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

    Cic. Att. 7, 8:

    usque ab aurora ad hoc diei,

    Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 8.—
    3.
    Coincidence with a point of time, at, on, in, by:

    praesto fuit ad horam destinatam,

    at the appointed hour, Cic. Tusc. 5, 22:

    admonuit ut pecuniam ad diem solverent,

    on the day of payment, id. Att. 16, 16 A:

    nostra ad diem dictam fient,

    id. Fam. 16, 10, 4; cf. id. Verr. 2, 2, 5: ad lucem denique arte et graviter dormitare coepisse, at (not toward) daybreak, id. Div. 1, 28, 59; so id. Att. 1, 3, 2; 1, 4, 3; id. Fin. 2, 31, 103; id. Brut. 97, 313:

    ad id tempus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 24; Sall. J. 70, 5; Tac. A. 15, 60; Suet. Aug. 87; Domit. 17, 21 al.
    C.
    The relations of number.
    1.
    An approximation to a sum designated, near, near to, almost, about, toward (cf. Gr. epi, pros with acc. and the Fr. pres de, a peu pres, presque) = circiter (Hand, Turs. I. p. 102):

    ad quadraginta eam posse emi minas,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 111:

    nummorum Philippum ad tria milia,

    id. Trin. 1, 2, 115; sometimes with quasi added:

    quasi ad quadraginta minas,

    as it were about, id. Most. 3, 1, 95; so Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 93:

    sane frequentes fuimus omnino ad ducentos,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 1:

    cum annos ad quadraginta natus esset,

    id. Clu. 40, 110:

    ad hominum milia decem,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 4:

    oppida numero ad duodecim, vicos ad quadringentos,

    id. ib. 1, 5.—In the histt. and post-Aug. authors ad is added adverbially in this sense (contrary to Gr. usage, by which amphi, peri, and eis with numerals retain their power as prepositions): ad binum milium numero utrinque sauciis factis, Sisenn. ap. Non. 80, 4:

    occisis ad hominum milibus quattuor,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 33:

    ad duorum milium numero ceciderunt,

    id. B. C. 3, 53:

    ad duo milia et trecenti occisi,

    Liv. 10, 17, 8; so id. 27, 12, 16; Suet. Caes. 20; cf. Rudd. II. p. 334.—
    2.
    The terminus, the limit, to, unto, even to, a designated number (rare):

    ranam luridam conicere in aquam usque quo ad tertiam partem decoxeris,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 26; cf. App. Herb. 41:

    aedem Junonis ad partem dimidiam detegit,

    even to the half, Liv. 42, 3, 2:

    miles (viaticum) ad assem perdiderat,

    to a farthing, to the last farthing, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 27; Plin. Ep. 1, 15:

    quid ad denarium solveretur,

    Cic. Quint. 4.—The phrase omnes ad unum or ad unum omnes, or simply ad unum, means lit. all to one, i. e. all together, all without exception; Gr. hoi kath hena pantes (therefore the gender of unum is changed according to that of omnes): praetor omnes extra castra, ut stercus, foras ejecit ad unum, Lucil. ap. Non. 394, 22:

    de amicitia omnes ad unum idem sentiunt,

    Cic. Lael. 23:

    ad unum omnes cum ipso duce occisi sunt,

    Curt. 4, 1, 22 al.:

    naves Rhodias afflixit ita, ut ad unam omnes constratae eliderentur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 27; onerariae omnes ad unam a nobis sunt exceptae, Cic. Fam. 12, 14 (cf. in Gr. hoi kath hena; in Hebr., Exod. 14, 28).— Ad unum without omnes:

    ego eam sententiam dixi, cui sunt assensi ad unum,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 16:

    Juppiter omnipotens si nondum exosus ad unum Trojanos,

    Verg. A. 5, 687.
    D.
    In the manifold relations of one object to another.
    1.
    That in respect of or in regard to which a thing avails, happens, or is true or important, with regard to, in respect of, in relation to, as to, to, in.
    a.
    With verbs:

    ad omnia alia aetate sapimus rectius,

    in respect to all other things we grow wiser by age, Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 45:

    numquam ita quisquam bene ad vitam fuat,

    id. ib. 5, 4, 1:

    nil ibi libatum de toto corpore (mortui) cernas ad speciem, nil ad pondus,

    that nothing is lost in form or weight, Lucr. 3, 214; cf. id. 5, 570; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 21, § 58; id. Mur. 13, 29: illi regi Cyro subest, ad immutandi animi licentiam, crudelissimus ille Phalaris, in that Cyrus, in regard to the liberty of changing his disposition (i. e. not in reality, but inasmuch as he is at liberty to lay aside his good character, and assume that of a tyrant), there is concealed another cruel Phalaris, Cic. Rep. 1, 28:

    nil est ad nos,

    is nothing to us, concerns us not, Lucr. 3, 830; 3, 845:

    nil ad me attinet,

    Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 54:

    nihil ad rem pertinet,

    Cic. Caecin. 58;

    and in the same sense elliptically: nihil ad Epicurum,

    id. Fin. 1, 2, 5; id. Pis. 68:

    Quid ad praetorem?

    id. Verr. 1, 116 (this usage is not to be confounded with that under 4.).—
    b.
    With adjectives:

    ad has res perspicax,

    Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    virum ad cetera egregium,

    Liv. 37, 7, 15:

    auxiliaribus ad pugnam non multum Crassus confidebat,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 25:

    ejus frater aliquantum ad rem est avidior,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51; cf. id. And. 1, 2, 21; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 129:

    ut sit potior, qui prior ad dandum est,

    id. Phorm. 3, 2, 48:

    difficilis (res) ad credendum,

    Lucr. 2, 1027:

    ad rationem sollertiamque praestantior,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 62; so id. Leg. 2, 13, 33; id. Fin. 2, 20, 63; id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; id. Font. 15; id. Cat. 1, 5, 12; id. de Or. 1, 25, 113; 1, 32, 146; 2, 49, 200; id. Fam. 3, 1, 1; Liv. 9, 16, 13; Tac. A. 12, 54 al.—
    c.
    With nouns:

    prius quam tuum, ut sese habeat, animum ad nuptias perspexerit,

    before he knew your feeling in regard to the marriage, Ter. And. 2, 3, 4 (cf. Gr. hopôs echei tis pros ti):

    mentis ad omnia caecitas,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 5, 11:

    magna vis est fortunae in utramque partem vel ad secundas res vel ad adversas,

    id. Off. 2, 6; so id. Par. 1:

    ad cetera paene gemelli,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 3.—So with acc. of gerund instead of the gen. from the same vb.:

    facultas ad scribendum, instead of scribendi,

    Cic. Font. 6;

    facultas ad agendum,

    id. de Imp. Pomp. 1, 2: cf. Rudd. II. p. 245.—
    d.
    In gramm.: nomina ad aliquid dicta, nouns used in relation to something, i. e. which derive their significance from their relation to another object: quae non possunt intellegi sola, ut pater, mater;

    jungunt enim sibi et illa propter quae intelleguntur,

    Charis. 129 P.; cf. Prisc. 580 ib.—
    2.
    With words denoting measure, weight, manner, model, rule, etc., both prop. and fig., according to, agreeably to, after (Gr. kata, pros):

    columnas ad perpendiculum exigere,

    Cic. Mur. 77:

    taleis ferreis ad certum pondus examinatis,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 12: facta sunt ad certam formam. Lucr. 2, 379:

    ad amussim non est numerus,

    Varr. 2, 1, 26:

    ad imaginem facere,

    Vulg. Gen. 1, 26:

    ad cursus lunae describit annum,

    Liv. 1, 19:

    omnia ad diem facta sunt,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 5:

    Id ad similitudinem panis efficiebant,

    id. B. C. 3, 48; Vulg. Gen. 1, 26; id. Jac. 3, 9:

    ad aequos flexus,

    at equal angles, Lucr. 4, 323: quasi ad tornum levantur, to or by the lathe, id. 4, 361:

    turres ad altitudiem valli,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 42; Liv. 39, 6:

    ad eandem crassitudinem structi,

    id. 44, 11:

    ad speciem cancellorum scenicorum,

    with the appearance of, like, Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 8:

    stagnum maris instar, circumseptum aedificiis ad urbium speciem,

    Suet. Ner. 31:

    lascivum pecus ludens ad cantum,

    Liv. Andron. Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 1:

    canere ad tibiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 4, 2: canere ad tibicinem, id. ib. 1, 2 (cf.:

    in numerum ludere,

    Verg. E. 6, 28; id. G. 4, 175):

    quod ad Aristophanis lucernam lucubravi,

    Varr. L. L. 5, § 9 Mull.: carmen castigare ad unguem, to perfection (v. unguis), Hor. A. P. 294:

    ad unguem factus homo,

    a perfect gentleman, id. S. 1, 5, 32 (cf. id. ib. 2, 7, 86):

    ad istorum normam sapientes,

    Cic. Lael. 5, 18; id. Mur. 3:

    Cyrus non ad historiae fidem scriptus, sed ad effigiem justi imperii,

    id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 8:

    exercemur in venando ad similitudinem bellicae disciplinae,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 161: so,

    ad simulacrum,

    Liv. 40, 6:

    ad Punica ingenia,

    id. 21, 22:

    ad L. Crassi eloquentiam,

    Cic. Var. Fragm. 8:

    omnia fient ad verum,

    Juv. 6, 324:

    quid aut ad naturam aut contra sit,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 9, 30:

    ad hunc modum institutus est,

    id. Tusc. 2, 3; Caes. B. G. 2, 31; 3, 13:

    ad eundem istunc modum,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 70:

    quem ad modum, q. v.: ad istam faciem est morbus, qui me macerat,

    of that kind, Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 73; id. Merc. 2, 3, 90; cf.

    91: cujus ad arbitrium copia materiai cogitur,

    Lucr. 2, 281:

    ad eorum arbitrium et nutum totos se fingunt,

    to their will and pleasure, Cic. Or. 8, 24; id. Quint. 71:

    ad P. Lentuli auctoritatem Roma contendit,

    id. Rab. Post. 21:

    aliae sunt legati partes, aliae imperatoris: alter omnia agere ad praescriptum, alter libere ad summam rerum consulere debet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 51:

    rebus ad voluntatem nostram fluentibus,

    Cic. Off. 1, 26:

    rem ad illorum libidinem judicarunt,

    id. Font. 36:

    ad vulgi opinionem,

    id. Off. 3, 21.—So in later Lat. with instar:

    ad instar castrorum,

    Just. 36, 3, 2:

    scoparum,

    App. M. 9, p. 232:

    speculi,

    id. ib. 2, p. 118: ad hoc instar mundi, id. de Mundo, p. 72.—Sometimes, but very rarely, ad is used absol. in this sense (so also very rarely kata with acc., Xen. Hell. 2, 3; Luc. Dial. Deor. 8): convertier ad nos, as we (are turned), Lucr. 4, 317:

    ad navis feratur,

    like ships, id. 4, 897 Munro. —With noun:

    ad specus angustiac vallium,

    like caves, Caes. B. C. 3, 49.—Hence,
    3.
    With an object which is the cause or reason, in conformity to which, from which, or for which, any thing is or is done.
    a.
    The moving cause, according to, at, on, in consequence of:

    cetera pars animae paret et ad numen mentis momenque movetur,

    Lucr. 3, 144:

    ad horum preces in Boeotiam duxit,

    on their entreaty, Liv. 42, 67, 12: ad ea Caesar veniam ipsique et conjugi et fratribus tribuit, in consequence of or upon this, he, etc., Tac. Ann. 12, 37.—
    b.
    The final cause, or the object, end, or aim, for the attainment of which any thing,
    (α).
    is done,
    (β).
    is designed, or,
    (γ).
    is fitted or adapted (very freq.), to, for, in order to.
    (α).
    Seque ad ludos jam inde abhinc exerceant, Pac. ap. Charis. p. 175 P. (Rib. Trag. Rel. p. 80):

    venimus coctum ad nuptias,

    in order to cook for the wedding, Plaut. Aul. 3, 2, 15:

    omnis ad perniciem instructa domus,

    id. Bacch. 3, 1, 6; cf. Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 41; Liv. 1, 54:

    cum fingis falsas causas ad discordiam,

    in order to produce dissension, Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 71:

    quantam fenestram ad nequitiam patefeceris,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 72:

    utrum ille, qui postulat legatum ad tantum bellum, quem velit, idoneus non est, qui impetret, cum ceteri ad expilandos socios diripiendasque provincias, quos voluerunt, legatos eduxerint,

    Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:

    ego vitam quoad putabo tua interesse, aut ad spem servandam esse, retinebo,

    for hope, id. Q. Fr. 1, 4; id. Fam. 5, 17:

    haec juventutem, ubi familiares opes defecerant, ad facinora incendebant,

    Sall. C. 13, 4:

    ad speciem atque ad usurpationem vetustatis,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 12, 31; Suet. Caes. 67:

    paucis ad speciem tabernaculis relictis,

    for appearance, Caes. B. C. 2, 35; so id. ib. 2, 41; id. B. G. 1, 51.—
    (β).
    Aut equos alere aut canes ad venandum. Ter. And. 1, 1, 30:

    ingenio egregie ad miseriam natus sum,

    id. Heaut. 3, 1, 11;

    (in the same sense: in rem,

    Hor. C. 1, 27, 1, and the dat., Ter. Ad. 4, 2, 6):

    ad cursum equum, ad arandum bovem, ad indagandum canem,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 13, 40:

    ad frena leones,

    Verg. A. 10, 253:

    delecto ad naves milite,

    marines, Liv. 22, 19 Weissenb.:

    servos ad remum,

    rowers, id. 34, 6; and:

    servos ad militiam emendos,

    id. 22, 61, 2:

    comparasti ad lecticam homines,

    Cat. 10, 16:

    Lygdamus ad cyathos,

    Prop. 4, 8, 37; cf.:

    puer ad cyathum statuetur,

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 8.—
    (γ).
    Quae oportet Signa esse [p. 29] ad salutem, omnia huic osse video, everything indicative of prosperity I see in him, Ter. And. 3, 2, 2:

    haec sunt ad virtutem omnia,

    id. Heaut. 1, 2, 33:

    causa ad objurgandum,

    id. And. 1, 1, 123:

    argumentum ad scribendum,

    Cic. Att. 9, 7 (in both examples instead of the gen. of gerund., cf. Rudd. II. p. 245):

    vinum murteum est ad alvum crudam,

    Cato R. R. 125:

    nulla res tantum ad dicendum proficit, quantum scriptio,

    Cic. Brut. 24:

    reliquis rebus, quae sunt ad incendia,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 101 al. —So with the adjectives idoneus, utilis, aptus, instead of the dat.:

    homines ad hanc rem idoneos,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:

    calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

    orator aptus tamen ad dicendum,

    id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5:

    sus est ad vescendum hominibus apta,

    id. N. D. 2, 64, 160:

    homo ad nullam rem utilis,

    id. Off. 3, 6:

    ad segetes ingeniosus ager,

    Ov. F. 4, 684.—(Upon the connection of ad with the gerund. v. Zumpt, § 666; Rudd. II. p. 261.)—
    4.
    Comparison (since that with which a thing is compared is considered as an object to which the thing compared is brought near for the sake of comparison), to, compared to or with, in comparison with:

    ad sapientiam hujus ille (Thales) nimius nugator fuit,

    Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 25; id. Trin. 3, 2, 100:

    ne comparandus hic quidem ad illum'st,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 14; 2, 3, 69:

    terra ad universi caeli complexum,

    compared with the whole extent of the heavens, Cic. Tusc. 1, 17, 40:

    homini non ad cetera Punica ingenia callido,

    Liv. 22, 22, 15:

    at nihil ad nostram hanc,

    nothing in comparison with, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 70; so Cic. Deiot. 8, 24; and id. de Or. 2, 6, 25.
    E.
    Adverbial phrases with ad.
    1.
    Ad omnia, withal, to crown all:

    ingentem vim peditum equitumque venire: ex India elephantos: ad omnia tantum advehi auri, etc.,

    Liv. 35, 32, 4.—
    2.
    Ad hoc and ad haec (in the historians, esp. from the time of Livy, and in authors after the Aug. per.), = praeterea, insuper, moreover, besides, in addition, epi toutois:

    nam quicumque impudicus, adulter, ganeo, etc.: praeterea omnes undique parricidae, etc.: ad hoc, quos manus atque lingua perjurio aut sanguine civili alebat: postremo omnes, quos, etc.,

    Sall. C. 14, 2 and 3:

    his opinionibus inflato animo, ad hoc vitio quoque ingenii vehemens,

    Liv. 6, 11, 6; 42, 1, 1; Tac. H. 1, 6; Suet. Aug. 22 al.—
    3.
    Ad id quod, beside that (very rare):

    ad id quod sua sponte satis conlectum animorum erat, indignitate etiam Romani accendebantur,

    Liv. 3, 62, 1; so 44, 37, 12.—
    4.
    Ad tempus.
    a.
    At a definite, fixed time, Cic. Att. 13, 45; Liv. 38, 25, 3.—
    b.
    At a fit, appropriate time, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 141; Liv. 1, 7, 13.—
    c.
    For some time, for a short time, Cic. Off. 1, 8, 27; id. Lael. 15, 53; Liv. 21, 25, 14.—
    d.
    According to circumstances, Cic. Planc. 30, 74; id. Cael. 6, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9.—
    5.
    Ad praesens (for the most part only in post-Aug. writers).
    a.
    For the moment, for a short time, Cic. Fam. 12, 8; Plin. 8, 22, 34; Tac. A. 4, 21.—
    b.
    At present, now, Tac. A. 16, 5; id. H. 1, 44.—So, ad praesentiam, Tac. A. 11, 8.—
    6.
    Ad locum, on the spot:

    ut ad locum miles esset paratus,

    Liv. 27, 27, 2.—
    7.
    Ad verbum, word for word, literally, Cic. Fin. 1, 2, 4; id. de Or. 1, 34, 157; id. Ac. 2, 44, 135 al.—
    8.
    Ad summam.
    a.
    On the whole, generally, in general, Cic. Fam. 14, 14, 3; id. Att. 14, 1; Suet. Aug. 71.—
    b.
    In a word, in short, Cic. Off. 1, 41, 149; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 106. —
    9.
    Ad extremum, ad ultimum, ad postremum.
    a.
    At the end, finally, at last.
    (α).
    Of place, at the extremity, extreme point, top, etc.:

    missile telum hastili abiegno et cetera tereti, praeterquam ad extremum, unde ferrum exstabat,

    Liv. 21, 8, 10.—
    (β).
    Of time = telos de, at last, finally:

    ibi ad postremum cedit miles,

    Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 52; so id. Poen. 4, 2, 22; Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Phil. 13, 20, 45; Caes. B. G. 7, 53; Liv. 30, 15, 4 al.— Hence,
    (γ).
    of order, finally, lastly, = denique: inventa componere; tum ornare oratione; post memoria sepire;

    ad extremum agere cum dignitate,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 31, 142.—
    b.
    In Liv., to the last degree, quite: improbus homo, sed non ad extremum perditus, 23, 2, 3; cf.:

    consilii scelerati, sed non ad ultimum dementis,

    id. 28, 28, 8.—
    10.
    Quem ad finem? To what limit? How far? Cic. Cat. 1, 1; id. Verr. 5, 75.—
    11.
    Quem ad modum, v. sub h. v.
    ► a.
    Ad (v. ab, ex, in, etc.) is not repeated like some other prepositions with interrog. and relative pronouns, after nouns or demonstrative pronouns:

    traducis cogitationes meas ad voluptates. Quas? corporis credo,

    Cic. Tusc. 3, 17, 37 (ubi v. Kuhner).—
    b.
    Ad is sometimes placed after its substantive:

    quam ad,

    Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 39:

    senatus, quos ad soleret, referendum censuit,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 4:

    ripam ad Araxis,

    Tac. Ann. 12, 51;

    or between subst. and adj.: augendam ad invidiam,

    id. ib. 12, 8.—
    c.
    The compound adque for et ad (like exque, eque, and, poet., aque) is denied by Moser, Cic. Rep. 2, 15, p. 248, and he reads instead of ad humanitatem adque mansuetudinem of the MSS., hum. atque mans. But adque, in acc. with later usage, is restored by Hand in App. M. 10, p. 247, adque haec omnia oboediebam for atque; and in Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 9, utroque vorsum rectum'st ingenium meum, ad se adque illum, is now read, ad te atque ad illum (Fleck., Brix).
    II.
    In composition.
    A.
    Form. According to the usual orthography, the d of the ad remains unchanged before vowels, and before b, d, h, m, v: adbibo, adduco, adhibeo, admoveo, advenio; it is assimilated to c, f, g, l, n, p, r, s, t: accipio, affigo, aggero, allabor, annumero, appello, arripio, assumo, attineo; before g and s it sometimes disappears: agnosco, aspicio, asto: and before qu it passes into c: acquiro, acquiesco.—But later philologists, supported by old inscriptions and good MSS., have mostly adopted the following forms: ad before j, h, b, d, f, m, n, q, v; ac before c, sometimes, but less well, before q; ag and also ad before g; a before gn, sp, sc, st; ad and also al before l; ad rather than an before n; ap and sometimes ad before p; ad and also ar before r; ad and also as before s; at and sometimes ad before t. In this work the old orthography has commonly been retained for the sake of convenient reference, but the better form in any case is indicated.—
    B.
    Signif. In English up often denotes approach, and in many instances will give the force of ad as a prefix both in its local and in its figurative sense.
    1.
    Local.
    a.
    To, toward: affero, accurro, accipio ( to one's self).—
    b.
    At, by: astare, adesse.—
    c.
    On, upon, against: accumbo, attero.—
    d.
    Up (cf. de- = down, as in deicio, decido): attollo, ascendo, adsurgo.—
    2.
    Fig.
    a.
    To: adjudico, adsentior.—
    b.
    At or on: admiror, adludo.—
    c.
    Denoting conformity to, or comparison with: affiguro, adaequo.—
    d.
    Denoting addition, increase (cf. ab, de, and ex as prefixes to denote privation): addoceo, adposco.—
    e.
    Hence, denoting intensity: adamo, adimpleo, aduro, and perhaps agnosco.—
    f.
    Denoting the coming to an act or state, and hence commencement: addubito, addormio, adquiesco, adlubesco, advesperascit. See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 74-134.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ad

  • 114 adscendo

    a-scendo ( ads-, Jan; ads- and as-, Müller; as-, other editors), scendi, scensum, 3, v. n. [scando], to ascend, mount up, climb; and in eccl. Lat. simply to go up, to rise, to spring up, grow up (syn.: scando, conscendo, orior, surgo, prodeo).
    I.
    Lit. (opp. descendo; and diff. from escendo, which designates a climbing, mounting upon some high object, and involves the idea of exertion; cf. Oud. ad Caes. B. G. 7, 27; Suet. Caes. 61; Ochsn. Ecl. pp. 287 and 288; Doed. Syn. IV. pp. 60 and 61; it often interchanges with escendere in MSS.; cf. e. g. Halm ad Nep. Epam. 4, 5; id. Them. 8, 6, and v. examples below; class.; in Cic. and in Vulg. very freq.), constr. most freq. with in, but also with ad with super, supra, contra, adversus, with acc., and absol. (in Cic. in the lit. signif., except once with the acc., always with in with acc.; but in the trop. signif. in all constrr.).
    (α).
    With in with acc.:

    in navem ascendere,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 20; 2, 6, 54 Fleck.:

    ascendere in naviculam,

    Vulg. Matt. 8, 23:

    in triremem ascendit,

    Nep. Alcib. 4, 3 (in id. Epam. 4, 5, and Them. 8, 6 Halm now reads escendere):

    in arborem ascendere,

    Vulg. Luc. 19, 4:

    ut in Amanum (urbem) ascenderem,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 8:

    ascende in oppidum,

    Vulg. Jos. 8, 1:

    lex peregrinum vetat in murum ascendere,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 24, 100:

    in equum,

    id. Sen. 10, 34:

    in caelum,

    id. Am. 23, 88; so id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71 (B. and K., escendere); id. Dom. 28, 75; id. Mil. 35, 97 (cf. id. Leg. 2, 8:

    ascensus in caelum): inque plagas caeli,

    Ov. M. 11, 518:

    cavete, ne ascendatis in montem,

    Vulg. Exod. 19, 12; 24, 13; ib. Matt. 5, 1; ib. Marc. 3, 13:

    in tribunal ascendere,

    Cic. Vatin. 14, 34 (B. and K., escendere); so Liv. 2, 28 Drak. (Weissenb., escendere):

    in contionem,

    Cic. Att. 4, 2, 3 (B. and K., escendit); so Liv. 3, 49; 5, 50 (Weissenb., escendere, in both these pass.):

    in Capitolium ascendere,

    id. 10, 7:

    sin vestram ascendisset in urbem,

    Verg. A. 2, 192.—
    (β).
    With ad. ad Gitanas Epiri oppidum, Liv. 42, 38:

    ad laevam paulatim,

    Sall. C. 55, 3.—
    (γ).
    With acc. or loc. adv.:

    navem ascendit,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 69; Phaedr. 4, 22, 9; Vulg. Marc. 4, 1; ib. Luc. [p. 171] 8, 37:

    ascendit classem,

    Tac. A. 2, 75:

    montīs cum ascendimus altos,

    Lucr. 6, 469:

    montem,

    Juv. 1, 82, and Vulg. Psa. 103, 8; cf.:

    summum jugum montis ascendere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

    fastigia montis anheli,

    Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 383:

    altitudinem montium,

    Vulg. Isa. 37, 24:

    currus,

    Lucr. 5, 1301 (Lachm., escendere); so Vulg. 3 Reg. 12, 13:

    adversam ripam,

    Cic. Div. 1, 28, 58:

    murum,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 27; so Verg. A. 9, 507, and Vulg. Jer. 5, 10:

    equum,

    Liv. 23, 14; so Suet. Caes. 61, and Vulg. Psa. 75, 7:

    ascendit Capitolium ad lumina,

    Suet. Caes. 37:

    deus adscensurus, Olympum,

    Tib. 4, 1, 12:

    magnum iter ascendo,

    Prop. 4, 10, 3:

    illuc solita est ascendere filia Nisi,

    Ov. M. 8, 17; 11, 394:

    quo simul ascendit,

    id. ib. 7, 220.—Also pass.:

    si mons erat ascendendus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 79:

    primus gradus ascendatur,

    Vitr. 3, 3:

    porticus adscenduntur nonagenis gradibus,

    Plin. 36, 13, 19, § 88 (Jan, descenduntur):

    ascenso simul curru,

    Suet. Tib. 2 fin.: ne ascensis tanti sit gloria Bactris, Prop 4, 3, 63.—
    (δ).
    Absol., of persons ex locis superioribus desuper suos ascendentes protegebant, Caes. B. C. 1, 79:

    quā fefellerat ascendens hostis,

    Liv. 5, 47:

    Ascendit ergo Abram de Aegypto,

    Vulg. Gen. 13, 1; 19, 30:

    Ascende huc,

    ib. Apoc. 4, 1; 12, 12.—Of things:

    fons ascendebat de terrā,

    Vulg. Gen. 2, 6:

    sicut ascendit mare fluctu,

    ib. Ezech. 26, 3:

    jam ascendit aurora,

    ib. Gen. 32, 26 ' ascendit ignis de petrā, ib. Jud. 6, 21:

    ascendet fumus ejus,

    ib. Isa. 34, 10; ib. Apoc. 8, 4:

    vidit ascendentem favillam de terrā,

    ib. Gen. 19, 28:

    ascendet sicut virgultum,

    ib. Isa. 53, 2; 5, 6:

    germen eorum, ut pulvis, ascendet,

    ib. ib. 5, 24.—Also, after the Greek, to go aboard ship, to go out to sea (eccl. Lat.): ascendentes navigavimus, epibantes, Vulg. Act. 21, 2: Et ascenderunt, anêchthêsan, ib. Luc. 8, 22.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Constr in like manner,
    (α).
    With in with acc.:

    in summum locum civitatis ascendere,

    Cic. Clu. 55:

    propter quem (ornatum) ascendit in tantum honorem eloquentia,

    has grown into such reputation, id. Or. 36, 125:

    ira ascendit in Israel,

    Vulg. Psa. 77, 21:

    Quid cogitationes ascendunt in corda vestra?

    ib. Luc. 24, 38; ib. Act. 7, 23.—
    (β).
    With ad:

    sic a principiis ascendit motus et exit paulatim nostros ad sensus,

    Lucr. 2, 137:

    aut a minoribus ad majora ascendimus aut a majoribus ad minora delabimur,

    Cic. Part. Or. 4, 12:

    propius ad magnitudinem alicujus,

    Plin. Pan. 61, 2:

    ad honores,

    Cic. Brut. 68, 241:

    ad hunc gradum amicitiae,

    Curt. 7, 1, 14.—
    (γ).
    With super with acc.:

    ira Dei ascendit super eos,

    Vulg. Psa. 77, 31:

    ascendent sermones super cor tuum,

    ib. Ezech. 38, 10.—
    (δ).
    With acc.:

    ex honoribus continuis familiae unum gradum dignitatis ascendere,

    Cic. Mur. 27:

    altiorem gradum,

    id. Off. 2, 18, 62:

    cum, quem tenebat, ascenderat gradum,

    Nep. Phoc. 2, 3:

    altissimum (gradum),

    Plin. Ep. 3, 2, 4.— Poet.:

    ascendere thalamum, i. e. matrimonium contrahere,

    Val. Fl. 6, 45.—
    (ε).
    Absol.:

    ad summam amplitudinem pervenisset, ascendens gradibus magistratuum,

    Cic. Brut. 81, 281; Plin. Pan. 58, 3: altius ascendere, Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 4:

    gradatim ascendit vox,

    rises, Cic. de Or. 3, 61, 227:

    usque ad nos contemptus Samnitium pervenit, supra non ascendit, i. e. alios non tetigit,

    Liv. 7, 30:

    donec ascenderit furor Domini,

    Vulg. 2 Par. 36, 16:

    ascendet indignatio mea,

    ib. Ezech. 38, 18.—
    B.
    Esp., super, supra aliquem or aliquid ascendere, to rise above any person or thing, to surpass, to stand higher (twice in Tacitus):

    (liberti) super ingenuos et super nobiles ascendunt,

    Tac. G. 25:

    mihi supra tribunatus et praeturas et consulatus ascendere videor,

    id. Or. 7.—Hence, ascen-dens ( ads-), entis, P. a.
    * A.
    Machina, a machine for ascending, a scaling-ladder, Vitr. 10, 19.—
    B.
    In the jurists, ascendentes are the kindred in an ascending line, ancestors ( parents, grandparents, etc.; opp. descendentes, descendants, children, grandchildren, etc.), Dig. 23, 2, 68.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > adscendo

  • 115 amen

    āmēn [ ; Gr. amên] (eccl. Lat.).
    I.
    Adj., true, faithful: (tu Deus) fecisti mirabilia, cogitationes fideles, amen (Heb. = verity), Vulg. Isa. 25, 1.—
    II.
    Subst., truth, faith fulness:

    qui benedictus est, benedicetur in Deo amen,

    in the God of faithfulness, Vulg. Isa. 65, 16: haec dicit Amen (Gr. ho Amên), He that is True, ib. Apoc. 3, 14.—
    III.
    Most freq. adv.
    A.
    Prop., to confirm words spoken by one's self or another, So be it; Fr. Ainsi soit-il; LXX. genoito, Amen:

    et respondebit omnis populus, Amen,

    Vulg. Deut. 27, 15; 5, 22 et saep.:

    Gratia vobiscum, Amen,

    ib. 2 Tim. 4, 21:

    cui (Deo) honor et gloria in saecula saeculorum, Amen,

    ib. Rom. 16, 27 et saep. —
    B.
    In gen., truly, surely, verily; very freq. in the phrase. Amen dico vobis, Vulg. Matt. 5, 18 al.; ib. Marc. 3, 28 al.; ib. Luc. 4, 24 al.;

    and in St. John: Amen, amen dico vobis,

    ib. Joan. 1, 51 al. (The a is long in Aus. Eph. ap. Orat. fin., and Prud. Cath. 4, 72, but short in Paul. Nol. Poëm. 17 ad Nicet. 117.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > amen

  • 116 ascendo

    a-scendo ( ads-, Jan; ads- and as-, Müller; as-, other editors), scendi, scensum, 3, v. n. [scando], to ascend, mount up, climb; and in eccl. Lat. simply to go up, to rise, to spring up, grow up (syn.: scando, conscendo, orior, surgo, prodeo).
    I.
    Lit. (opp. descendo; and diff. from escendo, which designates a climbing, mounting upon some high object, and involves the idea of exertion; cf. Oud. ad Caes. B. G. 7, 27; Suet. Caes. 61; Ochsn. Ecl. pp. 287 and 288; Doed. Syn. IV. pp. 60 and 61; it often interchanges with escendere in MSS.; cf. e. g. Halm ad Nep. Epam. 4, 5; id. Them. 8, 6, and v. examples below; class.; in Cic. and in Vulg. very freq.), constr. most freq. with in, but also with ad with super, supra, contra, adversus, with acc., and absol. (in Cic. in the lit. signif., except once with the acc., always with in with acc.; but in the trop. signif. in all constrr.).
    (α).
    With in with acc.:

    in navem ascendere,

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 20; 2, 6, 54 Fleck.:

    ascendere in naviculam,

    Vulg. Matt. 8, 23:

    in triremem ascendit,

    Nep. Alcib. 4, 3 (in id. Epam. 4, 5, and Them. 8, 6 Halm now reads escendere):

    in arborem ascendere,

    Vulg. Luc. 19, 4:

    ut in Amanum (urbem) ascenderem,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 8:

    ascende in oppidum,

    Vulg. Jos. 8, 1:

    lex peregrinum vetat in murum ascendere,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 24, 100:

    in equum,

    id. Sen. 10, 34:

    in caelum,

    id. Am. 23, 88; so id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71 (B. and K., escendere); id. Dom. 28, 75; id. Mil. 35, 97 (cf. id. Leg. 2, 8:

    ascensus in caelum): inque plagas caeli,

    Ov. M. 11, 518:

    cavete, ne ascendatis in montem,

    Vulg. Exod. 19, 12; 24, 13; ib. Matt. 5, 1; ib. Marc. 3, 13:

    in tribunal ascendere,

    Cic. Vatin. 14, 34 (B. and K., escendere); so Liv. 2, 28 Drak. (Weissenb., escendere):

    in contionem,

    Cic. Att. 4, 2, 3 (B. and K., escendit); so Liv. 3, 49; 5, 50 (Weissenb., escendere, in both these pass.):

    in Capitolium ascendere,

    id. 10, 7:

    sin vestram ascendisset in urbem,

    Verg. A. 2, 192.—
    (β).
    With ad. ad Gitanas Epiri oppidum, Liv. 42, 38:

    ad laevam paulatim,

    Sall. C. 55, 3.—
    (γ).
    With acc. or loc. adv.:

    navem ascendit,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 69; Phaedr. 4, 22, 9; Vulg. Marc. 4, 1; ib. Luc. [p. 171] 8, 37:

    ascendit classem,

    Tac. A. 2, 75:

    montīs cum ascendimus altos,

    Lucr. 6, 469:

    montem,

    Juv. 1, 82, and Vulg. Psa. 103, 8; cf.:

    summum jugum montis ascendere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 21:

    fastigia montis anheli,

    Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 383:

    altitudinem montium,

    Vulg. Isa. 37, 24:

    currus,

    Lucr. 5, 1301 (Lachm., escendere); so Vulg. 3 Reg. 12, 13:

    adversam ripam,

    Cic. Div. 1, 28, 58:

    murum,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 27; so Verg. A. 9, 507, and Vulg. Jer. 5, 10:

    equum,

    Liv. 23, 14; so Suet. Caes. 61, and Vulg. Psa. 75, 7:

    ascendit Capitolium ad lumina,

    Suet. Caes. 37:

    deus adscensurus, Olympum,

    Tib. 4, 1, 12:

    magnum iter ascendo,

    Prop. 4, 10, 3:

    illuc solita est ascendere filia Nisi,

    Ov. M. 8, 17; 11, 394:

    quo simul ascendit,

    id. ib. 7, 220.—Also pass.:

    si mons erat ascendendus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 79:

    primus gradus ascendatur,

    Vitr. 3, 3:

    porticus adscenduntur nonagenis gradibus,

    Plin. 36, 13, 19, § 88 (Jan, descenduntur):

    ascenso simul curru,

    Suet. Tib. 2 fin.: ne ascensis tanti sit gloria Bactris, Prop 4, 3, 63.—
    (δ).
    Absol., of persons ex locis superioribus desuper suos ascendentes protegebant, Caes. B. C. 1, 79:

    quā fefellerat ascendens hostis,

    Liv. 5, 47:

    Ascendit ergo Abram de Aegypto,

    Vulg. Gen. 13, 1; 19, 30:

    Ascende huc,

    ib. Apoc. 4, 1; 12, 12.—Of things:

    fons ascendebat de terrā,

    Vulg. Gen. 2, 6:

    sicut ascendit mare fluctu,

    ib. Ezech. 26, 3:

    jam ascendit aurora,

    ib. Gen. 32, 26 ' ascendit ignis de petrā, ib. Jud. 6, 21:

    ascendet fumus ejus,

    ib. Isa. 34, 10; ib. Apoc. 8, 4:

    vidit ascendentem favillam de terrā,

    ib. Gen. 19, 28:

    ascendet sicut virgultum,

    ib. Isa. 53, 2; 5, 6:

    germen eorum, ut pulvis, ascendet,

    ib. ib. 5, 24.—Also, after the Greek, to go aboard ship, to go out to sea (eccl. Lat.): ascendentes navigavimus, epibantes, Vulg. Act. 21, 2: Et ascenderunt, anêchthêsan, ib. Luc. 8, 22.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Constr in like manner,
    (α).
    With in with acc.:

    in summum locum civitatis ascendere,

    Cic. Clu. 55:

    propter quem (ornatum) ascendit in tantum honorem eloquentia,

    has grown into such reputation, id. Or. 36, 125:

    ira ascendit in Israel,

    Vulg. Psa. 77, 21:

    Quid cogitationes ascendunt in corda vestra?

    ib. Luc. 24, 38; ib. Act. 7, 23.—
    (β).
    With ad:

    sic a principiis ascendit motus et exit paulatim nostros ad sensus,

    Lucr. 2, 137:

    aut a minoribus ad majora ascendimus aut a majoribus ad minora delabimur,

    Cic. Part. Or. 4, 12:

    propius ad magnitudinem alicujus,

    Plin. Pan. 61, 2:

    ad honores,

    Cic. Brut. 68, 241:

    ad hunc gradum amicitiae,

    Curt. 7, 1, 14.—
    (γ).
    With super with acc.:

    ira Dei ascendit super eos,

    Vulg. Psa. 77, 31:

    ascendent sermones super cor tuum,

    ib. Ezech. 38, 10.—
    (δ).
    With acc.:

    ex honoribus continuis familiae unum gradum dignitatis ascendere,

    Cic. Mur. 27:

    altiorem gradum,

    id. Off. 2, 18, 62:

    cum, quem tenebat, ascenderat gradum,

    Nep. Phoc. 2, 3:

    altissimum (gradum),

    Plin. Ep. 3, 2, 4.— Poet.:

    ascendere thalamum, i. e. matrimonium contrahere,

    Val. Fl. 6, 45.—
    (ε).
    Absol.:

    ad summam amplitudinem pervenisset, ascendens gradibus magistratuum,

    Cic. Brut. 81, 281; Plin. Pan. 58, 3: altius ascendere, Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 4:

    gradatim ascendit vox,

    rises, Cic. de Or. 3, 61, 227:

    usque ad nos contemptus Samnitium pervenit, supra non ascendit, i. e. alios non tetigit,

    Liv. 7, 30:

    donec ascenderit furor Domini,

    Vulg. 2 Par. 36, 16:

    ascendet indignatio mea,

    ib. Ezech. 38, 18.—
    B.
    Esp., super, supra aliquem or aliquid ascendere, to rise above any person or thing, to surpass, to stand higher (twice in Tacitus):

    (liberti) super ingenuos et super nobiles ascendunt,

    Tac. G. 25:

    mihi supra tribunatus et praeturas et consulatus ascendere videor,

    id. Or. 7.—Hence, ascen-dens ( ads-), entis, P. a.
    * A.
    Machina, a machine for ascending, a scaling-ladder, Vitr. 10, 19.—
    B.
    In the jurists, ascendentes are the kindred in an ascending line, ancestors ( parents, grandparents, etc.; opp. descendentes, descendants, children, grandchildren, etc.), Dig. 23, 2, 68.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > ascendo

  • 117 comprehensio

    I.
    Prop.
    A.
    In gen. (very rare):

    ingressus, cursus, sessio, comprehensio,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 34, 94; cf. id. Ac. 2, 47, 145.—
    B.
    Esp., a hostile seizure, arresting, catching, apprehending:

    sontium,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In philos. lang., of a mental comprehending, perceiving; and in concr., a comprehension, perception, idea, transl. of the Gr. katalêpsis: mens amplectitur maxime cognitionem et istam katalêpsin, quam, ut dixi, verbum e verbo exprimentes comprehensionem dicemus, cum ipsam per se amat, etc., Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 31; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 41 et saep.—In plur.:

    cogitationes comprehensionesque rerum,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 15, 49.—
    2.
    The power to unite and grasp as a whole things which belong together:

    quanta... consequentium rerum cum primis conjunctio et comprehensio esset in nobis,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 147 Schoem. ad loc.—
    B.
    In rhet.
    1.
    Expression, style, Cic. Or. 58, 198.—
    2.
    Esp., a period:

    ut comprehensio numerose et apte cadat,

    Cic. Or. 44, 149; cf. id. Brut. 44, 162; 8, 34; 37, 140 Orell. N. cr.; Quint. 9, 4, 124; 9, 115, 121 et saep.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > comprehensio

  • 118 conprehensio

    I.
    Prop.
    A.
    In gen. (very rare):

    ingressus, cursus, sessio, comprehensio,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 34, 94; cf. id. Ac. 2, 47, 145.—
    B.
    Esp., a hostile seizure, arresting, catching, apprehending:

    sontium,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In philos. lang., of a mental comprehending, perceiving; and in concr., a comprehension, perception, idea, transl. of the Gr. katalêpsis: mens amplectitur maxime cognitionem et istam katalêpsin, quam, ut dixi, verbum e verbo exprimentes comprehensionem dicemus, cum ipsam per se amat, etc., Cic. Ac. 2, 16, 31; cf. id. ib. 1, 11, 41 et saep.—In plur.:

    cogitationes comprehensionesque rerum,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 15, 49.—
    2.
    The power to unite and grasp as a whole things which belong together:

    quanta... consequentium rerum cum primis conjunctio et comprehensio esset in nobis,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 147 Schoem. ad loc.—
    B.
    In rhet.
    1.
    Expression, style, Cic. Or. 58, 198.—
    2.
    Esp., a period:

    ut comprehensio numerose et apte cadat,

    Cic. Or. 44, 149; cf. id. Brut. 44, 162; 8, 34; 37, 140 Orell. N. cr.; Quint. 9, 4, 124; 9, 115, 121 et saep.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conprehensio

  • 119 conscientia

    conscĭentĭa, ae, f. [conscio], a knowing of a thing together with another person, joint knowledge, consciousness (in good prose, and very freq.).
    I.
    A joint knowledge of something, a being privy to, a knowing along with others, privity, cognizance, etc.
    (α).
    With gen. subj.:

    omnium horum,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 1, 1; so,

    hominum,

    id. Fin. 2, 9, 28:

    plurium,

    Liv. 2, 54, 7:

    liberti unius,

    Tac. A. 6, 21; cf. Suet. Calig. 56 al.:

    generis humani,

    Tac. Agr. 2.—
    (β).
    With gen. obj. (thus for the most part in Tac.):

    in conscientiam facinoris pauci asciti,

    Tac. H. 1, 25:

    facti,

    id. A. 2, 22:

    conjurationis,

    id. H. 1, 42:

    stupri,

    Dig. 48, 5, 29.— Plur.:

    consilia conscientiaeque ejus modi facinorum,

    Cic. Clu. 20, 56. —
    (γ).
    Absol.:

    non modo eos persequi, ad quos maxime culpa corrupti judicii, sed etiam illos, ad quos conscientiae contagio pertinebit,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 71, § 183:

    qui non modo a facti verum etiam a conscientiae suspitione afuit,

    id. Cael. 10, 23:

    nocte perfugit Tanagram, suam conscientiam metuens,

    Liv. 33, 28, 10:

    simulare,

    Tac. A. 2, 40; 4, 3; cf. id. H. 1, 28; Curt. 7, 1, 31.—
    II.
    Consciousness, knowledge, feeling, sense.
    A.
    In gen. (rare).
    (α).
    With gen.:

    unde haec illis tanta modestia, nisi a conscientiā virium et nostrarum et suarum?

    Liv. 8, 4, 10 (cf. g); so,

    contracti culpā periculi,

    id. 3, 2, 11:

    suae infirmitatis,

    Quint. 1, 2, 10:

    rebellionis,

    Tac. A. 12, 31; cf.

    defectionis,

    id. Agr. 16:

    victoriae,

    id. ib. 27:

    unionum in somno quoque,

    Plin. 33, 3, 12, § 40:

    amissae fortunae,

    a recollection, Flor. 2, 12, 10:

    ipsa pulcherrimi facti,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 44, 114:

    officii mei benevolentiaeque,

    id. Fam. 3, 7, 6 fin.:

    scelerum tuorum,

    id. Pis. 17, 39; cf. Sall. C. 5, 7:

    peccatorum,

    Cic. Par. 5, 3, 40:

    culpae,

    Liv. 28, 19, 1 et saep.—In plur., Cic. Clu. 20, 56:

    te conscientiae stimulant maleficiorum tuorum,

    id. Par. 2, 2, 18; cf. under B. 2.—
    * (β).
    With de: satisfactionem ex nullà conscientiā de culpā proponere decrevi, Cat. ap. Sall. C. 35, 2; cf. conscius, I. d—
    (γ).
    With rel.-clause (very rare):

    illi conscientia, quid abesset virium, detrectavere pugnam,

    Liv. 3, 60, 6; 28, 19, 5.—
    (δ).
    Absol.: ut nostram stabilem conscientiam contemnamus, aliorum errantem opinionem aucupemur, self-consciousness, Cic. Fin. 2, 22, 71:

    illud se tacere suam conscientiam non pati,

    Liv. 5, 25, 6:

    in veris quoque sufficit conscientia,

    consciousness, Quint. 11, 1, 17: sine hac quidem conscientiā ipsa illa ex tempore dicendi facultas inanem modo loquacitatem dabit, without this feeling, equiv. to without this persuasion, id. 10, 3, 2:

    quamvis capite defectionis ablato manebat plerisque militum conscientia,

    Tac. H. 1, 5.— So pregn., with ne, a conscientious fear, guilty fear, Tac. Agr. 42.—
    B.
    In partic., a consciousness of right or wrong, the moral sense, conscience:

    magna vis est conscientiae... in utramque partem, ut neque timeant qui nihil commiserint et poenam semper ante oculos versari putent qui peccarint,

    Cic. Mil. 23, 61; cf.:

    et virtutis et vitiorum grave ipsius conscientiae pondus,

    id. N. D. 3, 35, 85:

    bona conscientia turbam advocat, mala etiam in solitudine anxia atque sollicita est,

    Sen. Ep. 43, 5:

    ad purgandam publicam conscientiam,

    Just. 31, 4, 3:

    recta,

    a good conscience, Cic. Att. 13, 20, 4; cf.

    egregia,

    Liv. 29, 33, 9: bona, Cels. ap. Quint. 2, 15, 32; Quint. 6, 1, 33; 9, 2, 93; Tac. Agr. 1:

    optima,

    Plin. Ep. 1, 12, 3:

    salvā bonā conscientiā,

    Sen. Q. N. 4, praef. §

    15: integra,

    Front. 1, 9, 3; Lact. 5, 19, 32:

    mala,

    a bad conscience, Sall. J. 62, 8; Quint. 12, 1, 3:

    infelix,

    id. 6, prooem. § 10.—
    * b.
    Prov.:

    conscientia mille testes,

    Quint. 5, 11, 41.—
    2.
    Sometimes absol. for a good, or for a bad conscience.
    a.
    A good conscience:

    mea mihi conscientia pluris est quam omnium sermo,

    Cic. Att. 12, 28, 2; cf.:

    illud est hominis magni... maximi aestimare conscientiam mentis suae, etc.,

    id. Clu. 58, 159:

    in quibus ego nec dissentire a nostris salvā gratiā nec consentire salvā conscientiā possum,

    Sen. Ep. 117, 1:

    ad sacrificium integrā conscientiā venire,

    Lact. 5, 19, 32; Front. Strat. 1, 9, 3.—
    b.
    A bad conscience:

    hunc tu quas conscientiae labes in animo censes habuisse?

    Cic. Off. 3, 21, 85; id. Cat. 2, 6, 13; id. Leg. 1, 14, 40; Sall. C. 15, 4; id. J. 35, 4; Quint. 5, 13, 46.—In the same sense:

    animi,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 16, 53; 2, 17, 54; id. Att. 13, 49 fin.; Caes. B. C. 3, 60; Phaedr. 3, prol. 47; and in plur.:

    suae (quemque) malae cogitationes conscientiaeque animi terrent,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 67.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conscientia

  • 120 derigo

    dī-rĭgo or dērĭgo (the latter form preferred by Roby, L. G. 2, p. 387; cf. Rib. Proleg. ad Verg. p. 401 sq.; so Liv. 21, 19, 1; 21, 47, 8; 22, 28 Weissenb.; id. 22, 47, 2 Drak.; Lach. ad Lucr. 4, 609; Tac. A. 6, 40 Ritter; acc. to Brambach, s. v., the two forms are different words, de-rigo meaning to give a particular direction to; di-rigo, to arrange in distinct lines, set or move different ways; cf. describo and discribo. But the distinction is not observed in the MSS. and edd. generally), rexi, rectum, 3 ( perf. sync. direxti, Verg. A. 6, 57), v. a. [dis-rego], to lay straight, set in a straight line, to arrange, draw up (class.; cf.: guberno, collineo, teneo).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    coronam si diviseris, arcus erit: si direxeris, virga,

    Sen. Q. N. 1, 10:

    haec directa materia injecta consternebantur,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 8:

    crates,

    id. B. C. 3, 46, 5:

    naves ante portum,

    Liv. 37, 31; cf.:

    naves in pugnam,

    id. 22, 19:

    vicos,

    i. e. to build regularly, id. 5, 55; cf.

    castella,

    Flor. 4, 12, 26:

    molem recta fronte,

    Curt. 4, 3 et saep.:

    regiones lituo,

    i. e. to lay out, bound, Cic. Div. 1, 17; cf.:

    finem alicui veterem viam regiam,

    Liv. 39, 27.—Esp. freq.:

    aciem,

    to draw up the troops in battle array, Caes. B. G. 6, 8, 5; Liv. 21, 47 fin.; 34, 28; Front. Strat. 1, 12, 3; 2, 1, 4 et saep.; cf.

    frontem,

    Quint. 2, 13, 3; 5, 13, 11:

    membrana plumbo derecta,

    ruled with a lead-pencil, Cat. 22, 7.—
    * b.
    Perh. i. q., to split, cleave in twain:

    elephantum machaeră dirigit,

    Plaut. Curc. 3, 54 (dub.); cf.: dirigere apud Plautum invenitur pro discidere, Paul. ex Fest. p. 69, 15 Müll.—
    B.
    In partic., with respect to the terminus, to send in a straight line, to direct to a place (so most freq.):

    ex vestigio vela ad castra Corneliana,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 25, 6:

    aciem ad te,

    Cat. 63, 56:

    cursum ad litora,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 25, 4: iter ad Mutinam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 112 et saep.—Afterwards more freq. with in:

    equum in consulem,

    Liv. 2, 6:

    currum in hostem,

    Ov. M. 12, 78:

    tela manusque in corpus Aeacidae,

    Verg. A. 6, 57; Front. Strat. 3, 3, 4:

    hastam in te,

    Ov. M. 8, 66; cf.:

    dentes in inguina,

    id. ib. 8, 400:

    cursum in Africam,

    Vell. 2, 19 fin.:

    cursum per auras in lucos,

    Verg. A. 6, 195 et saep.:

    navem eo,

    Nep. Chabr. 4, 2:

    gressum huc,

    Verg. A. 5, 162; 11, 855 et saep.; and poet. with the dat.:

    Ilo hastam,

    Verg. A. 10, 401 et saep.—Without designating the limit:

    ab iisdem (Etesiis) maritimi cursus (i. e. navium) celeres et certi diriguntur,

    to be directed, steered, Cic. N. D. 2, 53:

    iter navis,

    Ov. F. 1, 4:

    cursum,

    Front. Strat. 3, 13, 6; esp. freq. of weapons, to aim, direct:

    spicula,

    Verg. A. 7, 497; Ov. M. 12, 606:

    hastile,

    Verg. A. 12, 490:

    tela,

    Hor. C. 4, 9, 18:

    sagittas,

    Suet. Dom. 19 et saep.— Poet.:

    vulnera,

    Verg. A. 10, 140; Sil. 2, 92 Drak.; Tac. H. 2, 35; cf.:

    vulnera alicui,

    Sen. Herc. Oet. 160.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    In gen., to set in order, arrange (very rare):

    materias divisione dirigere,

    Quint. 2, 6, 1.—Far more freq. (esp. in Cic. and Quint.),
    B.
    In partic.: aliquid ad or in aliquid; also: aliqua re, to direct, guide, arrange a thing either to something (as its aim, scope) or according to something (as its rule or pattern).
    (α).
    With ad: meas cogitationes sic dirigo, non ad illam parvulam Cynosuram sed, etc., Ac. 2, 20, 66; cf.:

    orationem ad exempla,

    id. Rep. 2, 31 fin.; Quint. 10, 2, 1:

    judicium ad ea,

    id. 6, 5, 2:

    se ad id quod, etc.,

    id. 12, 3, 8; cf.:

    se ad ea effingenda,

    id. 10, 1, 127:

    praecipua rerum ad famam,

    Tac. A. 4, 40 et saep.—In a different sense (viz., with ad equiv. to secundum, v. ad):

    in verbis et eligendis et collocandis nihil non ad rationem,

    Cic. Brut. 37, 140:

    vitam ad certam rationis normam,

    to conform, id. Mur. 2:

    leges hominum ad naturam,

    id. Leg. 2, 5 fin.; id. Or. 2 fin. et saep.—
    (β).
    With in (not so in Cic.):

    tota mente (intentionem) in opus ipsum,

    Quint. 10, 3, 28:

    communes locos in vitia,

    id. 2, 1, 11; Front. Strat. 3, 2, 2 et saep.—
    (γ).
    With abl. (only in Cic.):

    quos (fines) utilitate aut voluptate dirigunt,

    Cic. Fin. 5, 20 fin.:

    omnia voluptate,

    id. ib. 2, 22, 71:

    utilitatem honestate,

    id. Off. 3, 21, 83:

    haec normā,

    id. de Or. 3, 49, 190.—
    (δ).
    Without an object:

    (divinatio) ad veritatem saepissime dirigit,

    Cic. Div. 1, 14 fin. —
    (ε).
    With acc. only: epistolam (sc. ad aliquem), to write, Capit. Clod. Alb. 2.—
    (ζ).
    With adversus, Quint. 5, 7, 6.—Hence, dīrectus ( dērectus), a, um, P. a., made straight, straight, direct, whether horizontally or perpendicularly; straight, level; upright, steep.
    A.
    Lit.:

    auditus flexuosum iter habet, ne quid intrare possit, si simplex et directum pateret,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 57, 144; cf.

    aes (tubae), opp. flexum,

    Ov. M. 1, 98:

    iter,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 79, 2: latera, id. B. G. 7, 72, 1; cf.

    trabes,

    id. ib. 7, 23, 1:

    ordo (olearum),

    Cic. Caecin. 8, 22:

    arcus (opp. obliquus),

    Ov. M. 2, 129:

    paries,

    i. e. that cuts another at right angles, Cic. Top. 4: ut directiores ictus flant, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 1, 2:

    praeruptus locus utraque ex parte directus,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 4; cf. id. ib. 2, 24, 3:

    (Henna) ab omni aditu circumcisa atque directa,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48 Zumpt N. cr.:

    cornu,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 26.— Subst.: dī-rectum, i, n., a straight line:

    in directo pedum VIII. esse, in anfracto XVI.,

    in a straight line, Varr. L. L. 7, § 15 Müll.; so,

    altitudo (montis) per directum IV. M. pass.,

    Plin. 5, 22, 18, § 80; cf. id. 3, 5, 9, § 66 al.:

    cadere in directum moderate (with exire per devexum),

    Sen. Q. N. 6, 20; Vulg. Ezech. 47, 20 al.—
    B.
    Trop., straightforward, unceremonious, open, simple, direct:

    o praeclaram beate vivendi et apertam et simplicem et directam viam,

    Cic. Fin. 1, 18; cf.:

    iter ad laudem,

    id. Cael. 17, 41:

    vera illa et directa ratio,

    id. ib. 18:

    tristis ac directus senex,

    id. ib. 16, 38; cf.:

    quid est in judicio? Directum, asperum, simplex, SI PARET HS ICCC DARI,

    id. Rosc. Com. 4, 11:

    percunctatio et denuntiatio belli,

    Liv. 21, 19; cf.

    contiones,

    Just. 38, 3 fin. (v. obliquus):

    verba,

    Cod. Just. 6, 23, 15:

    actio,

    Dig. 3, 5, 46; 9, 4, 26 et saep.; cf.

    institutio (opp. precaria),

    id. 29, 1, 19:

    libertates (opp. fideicommissariae),

    id. 29, 4, 12.— Adv.
    a.
    dīrectē, directly, straight (very rare):

    dicere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 7, 24:

    ire,

    Vulg. Sap. 5, 22.—Far more freq.,
    b.
    dīrectō, directly, straight:

    deorsum ferri,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 25:

    transversas trabes,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 9, 2:

    ad fidem spectare,

    Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46; so id. Div. 2, 61 fin. (opp. anfractus and circuitio); Liv. 1, 11 fin.; Sen. Ep. 66; Dig. 9, 4, 26 al. —
    * c.
    dīrectā:

    quo magis ursimus alte directā,

    press deep down perpendicularly, Lucr. 2, 198.—
    d.
    dīrectim, straightway, directly (post-class.), App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 34; Macr. S. 7, 12 fin.—Comp.:

    directius gubernare,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 20, 66.— Sup. seems not to occur either in the adj. or in the adv.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > derigo

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