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1 code of good practice

эк. кодекс добросовестной практики* (документ, содержащий перечень стандартов и практических рекомендаций по осуществлению определенной деятельности, напр., торговой, кредитной и т. д.)

code of good practice for internet service providers — кодекс добросовестной практики для провайдеров интернет-услуг

See:

Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards

* * *

кодекс добросовестной практики

Англо-русский экономический словарь > code of good practice
2 code of good practice

кодекс добросовестной деловой практики

private practice — частная практика

ruinous practice — вредная практика

running practice — обычная практика

customary practice — обычная практика

theory and practice — теория и практика

English-Russian base dictionary > code of good practice
3 code of good practice

1) Общая лексика: кодекс корпоративной культуры, кодекс этики и организационной культуры ( применительно к работодателю)

2) Медицина: правила работы (напр. с химическими веществами)

3) Юридический термин: кодекс добросовестной практики

4) Дипломатический термин: кодекс добросовестной (торговой) практики

5) Реклама: кодекс добросовестной торговой практики

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > code of good practice
4 code of good practice

кодекс добросовестной практики

Англо-русский юридический словарь > code of good practice
5 code of good practice

мед.фраз. правило работы

Англо-русский медицинский словарь > code of good practice
6 code of good practice

кодекс добросовестной (торговой) практики

Англо-русский дипломатический словарь > code of good practice
7 code of good practice

кодекс добросовестной (торговой) практики

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > code of good practice
8 Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards

док.

межд. эк. Кодекс добросовестной практики по подготовке, принятию и применению стандартов (соглашение, устанавливающее нормы и правила подготовки, принятия и применения технических стандартов; кодекс разработан под эгидой ГАТТ; является одним из приложений к "Соглашению по техническим барьерам в торговле")

See:

Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade, General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, International Organization for Standardization

Англо-русский экономический словарь > Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards
9 code(s) of good practice

кодекс добросовествной деловой практики ;

Англо-Русский словарь финансовых терминов > code(s) of good practice
10 code

1. сущ.
1) код

а) общ. (система условных знаков, символов, сокращенных обозначений и названий, применяемых для передачи, обработки и хранения информации)

Morse code — азбука [код\] Морзе

See:

bar code

б) комп. система кодирования (система, переводящая информацию на язык, распознаваемый компьютером)

в) соц. (система знаков и правила их использования для передачи или приема сообщений, служащая индикатором различных социальных отношений)

See:

elaborated code, restricted code, Bernstein, Basil

2) общ. индекс (система условных обозначений (буквенных, цифровых или комбинированных) в системе какой-л. классификации)

post code — почтовый индекс

3) юр. кодекс, свод законов

civil code — гражданский кодекс

criminal code — уголовный кодекс

See:

advertising code, code of conduct, code of good practice, Aircraft Code, Antidumping Code, Civil Aircraft Code, Code of Federal Regulations, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards

4) соц. законы [принципы\] чести/морали

moral code — моральный кодекс

code of honour — законы чести

5) биол. генетический код (свойственная живым организмам единая система передачи наследственной информации в молекулах нуклеиновых кислот)

Syn:

genetic code
2. гл.
общ. кодировать

* * *
1) код: система слов или символов для кодирования сообщений (расшифровка требует "ключа"); 2) кодекс; закон; сборник правил.
* * *

Код; кодекс; свод правил
. . Словарь экономических терминов .

Англо-русский экономический словарь > code
11 code

n

1) кодекс, свод законов

2) законы, принципы (чести, морали и т.п.)

3) код, шифр, индекс

- in code

- break a code

•

- corrective labour code

- criminal code

- code of conduct for linear conferences

- census product code

- code of conduct for the transfer of technology

- unwritten code

- naval code

- code of federal regulations

- revise the code of signals

- code of honour

- Land Code

- alphanumeric code

- code of silence

- code of civil procedure

- code of penal procedure

- expository code

- maritime code

- Uniform Commercial Code

- code of military justice

- comprehensive code of economic behaviour

- code of judicial practice

- Forestry Code

- civil code

- Bustamante code

- Black Code

- code of the laws of war

- code of good practice

- code of criminal procedure

- naval war code

- code of international law

- standard penal code

- international seamen's code

- item name code

- code of offences against the peace and security of mankind

- code of a general character

- moral code

- labour code

- commercial code of signals for the use of all nations

- code of ethics

- Internal Revenue Code

- Code of Napoleon

- code of conduct

- International Code of Signals

- professional codes of honour

- code of conduct for law enforcement officials

- Code of Justinian

- national seamen's code

- international code

English-russian dctionary of diplomacy > code
12 practice

I noun
1) (repeated exercise) Praxis, die; Übung, die

put in or do some/a lot of practice — üben/viel üben

practice makes perfect — (prov.) Übung macht den Meister

be out of practice, not be in practice — außer Übung sein

2) (spell) Übungen Pl.

piano practice — Klavierüben, das

3) (work or business of doctor, lawyer, etc.) Praxis, die; see also academic.ru/101863/general_practice">general practice

4) (habitual action) übliche Praxis; Gewohnheit, die

practice shows that... — die Erfahrung zeigt od. lehrt, dass...

good practice — (sound procedure) gutes Vorgehen

5) (action) Praxis, die

in practice — in der Praxis; in Wirklichkeit

put something into practice — etwas in die Praxis umsetzen

6) (custom) Gewohnheit, die

regular practice — Brauch, der
II
= practiced

* * *
['præktis]
noun

1) (the actual doing of something, as opposed to the theory or idea: In theory the plan should work, but in practice there are a lot of difficulties.) die Praxis

2) (the usual way(s) of doing things; (a) habit or custom: It was his usual practice to rise at 6.00 a.m.) die Gewohnheit

3) (the repeated performance or exercise of something in order to learn to do it well: She has musical talent, but she needs a lot of practice; Have a quick practice before you start.) die Übung

4) (a doctor's or lawyer's business: He has a practice in Southampton.) die Praxis

•

- be in / out of practice
- make a practice of
- put into practice
* * *

prac·tice

[ˈpræktɪs]

I. n

1. no pl (preparation) Übung f

it will take a lot of \practice ich werde noch viel üben müssen

I've had plenty of \practice at answering difficult questions ich bin es gewohnt, schwierige Fragen zu beantworten

▪ to be out of/in \practice aus der/in Übung sein

2. (training session) [Übungs]stunde f; SPORT Training nt

choir \practice Chorprobe f

driving \practice Fahrstunde f

football/hockey \practice Fußball-/Hockeytraining nt

3. no pl (actual performance) Praxis f

▪ in \practice in der Praxis

to put sth into \practice etw [in die Praxis] umsetzen

to put a method/theory into \practice eine Methode/Theorie anwenden

to put a plan into \practice einen Plan verwirklichen [o ausführen

4. no pl (usual procedure) Praxis f

code of \practice Verhaltenskodex m

to be accepted [or normal] [or standard] \practice üblich sein; (to be good/bad practice) ratsam/inakzeptabel sein

it is very bad \practice to... es zeugt von schlechten Geschäftspraktiken, wenn man...

5. (regular activity) Praktik f, Gewohnheit f; (custom) Sitte f

business/working \practices Geschäfts-/Arbeitspraktiken pl

a cruel \practice eine grausame Sitte

traditional religious \practices traditionelle religiöse Praktiken

to make a \practice of sth etw zu einer Gewohnheit werden lassen

6. (business) Praxis f

dental/medical/veterinary \practice Zahnarzt-/Arzt-/Tierarztpraxis f

legal \practice [Rechtsanwalts]kanzlei f

private \practice [Privat]praxis f

7. no pl (work) Praktizieren nt

to go into private \practice eine eigene Praxis aufmachen

▪ to be in \practice praktizieren

8.

▶ \practice makes perfect ( prov) Übung macht den Meister! prov

II. n modifier (game, shot) Probe-; SPORT Trainings-

a \practice session ein Training

III. vt AM see practise

prac·tise

[ˈpræktɪs]

AM prac·tice

I. vt

1. (rehearse)

▪ to \practice [doing] sth etw üben; (improve particular skill) an etw dat arbeiten

to \practice one's backhand die Rückhand trainieren

to \practice the flute/piano/violin Flöte/Klavier/Geige üben

to \practice one's German/English Deutsch/Englisch üben

to \practice a sonata/song eine Sonate/ein Lied proben

2. (do regularly)

▪ to \practice sth etw [üblicherweise] machen [o tun], etw praktizieren

I have started practising meditation ich habe angefangen zu meditieren

foot-binding is no longer \practiced in China in China ist es nicht mehr üblich, den Mädchen die Füße zu binden

to \practice austerity ein einfaches Leben führen, bescheiden leben

to \practice birth control verhüten

to \practice black magic/sorcery/voodoo schwarze Magie/Zauberei/Voodoozauber betreiben

to \practice cannibalism Kannibalismus praktizieren

to \practice celibacy/monogamy/polygamy zölibatär/monogam/polygam leben

to \practice a custom einen Brauch befolgen

to \practice deceit [or deception] [gewohnheitsmäßig] betrügen

to \practice discrimination diskriminieren

to \practice a religion eine Religion ausüben

to \practice safe sex sicheren Sex [o Safer Sex] praktizieren

to \practice thrift sparsam leben

3. (work in)

▪ to \practice sth etw praktizieren

she \practiced medicine for twenty years sie war zwanzig Jahre lang als Ärztin tätig

to \practice dentistry als Zahnarzt/Zahnärztin praktizieren

to \practice law als Anwalt/Anwältin praktizieren

to \practice medicine als Arzt/Ärztin praktizieren, den Arztberuf ausüben

4.

▶ to \practice what one preaches nach den Grundsätzen leben, die man anderen predigt

▶ to not \practice what one preaches Wasser predigen und Wein trinken prov

II. vi

1. (improve skill) üben; SPORT trainieren

2. (work in a profession) praktizieren, als etw tätig sein

he trained as a lawyer but he's no longer practising er ist Anwalt, übt seinen Beruf aber nicht mehr aus

to \practice as a doctor praktizierender Arzt/praktizierende Ärztin sein

to \practice as a lawyer praktizierender Anwalt/praktizierende Anwältin sein

* * *
['prktɪs]
1. n

1) (= habit, custom) (of individual) Gewohnheitf, Angewohnheitf; (of group, in country) Brauchm, Sittef; (= bad habit) Unsittef; (in business) Verfahrensweise, Praktikf

he opposes the practice of pubs being open on Sundays — er ist dagegen, dass Lokale am Sonntag geöffnet sind

this is normal business practice — das ist im Geschäftsleben so üblich

as is my (usual) practice — wie es meine Gewohnheit ist

to make a practice of doing sth, to make it a practice to do sth — es sich (dat)

Christian practice dictates... — das christliche Brauchtum verlangt...

it is the practice of this Court to... — es ist an diesem Gericht üblich, zu...

that's common practice — das ist allgemeine Praxis, das ist allgemein üblich

2) (= exercise, training) Übungf; (= rehearsal, trial run) Probef; (SPORT) Trainingnt; (= practice game) Trainingsspielnt

practice makes perfect (Prov) — Übung macht den Meister

Michael Schuhmacher had the fastest time in practice — Michael Schuhmacher fuhr im Training die schnellste Zeit

this piece of music needs a lot of practice — für dieses( Musik)stück muss man viel üben

you should do 10 minutes' practice each day — du solltest täglich 10 Minuten (lang) üben

to be out of practice — aus der Übung sein

that was just a practice run — das war nur mal zur Probe

to have a practice session — üben

the first practice session — die erste Übung/Probe/das erste Training

3) (= doing, as opposed to theory) Praxisf

in practice — in der Praxis

that won't work in practice — das lässt sich praktisch nicht durchführen

to put one's ideas into practice — seine Ideen in die Praxis umsetzen

4) (of doctor, lawyer etc) Praxisf

he returned to the practice of law/medicine — er praktizierte wieder als Rechtsanwalt/Arzt

to go into or set up in practice — eine Praxis aufmachen or eröffnen, sich als Arzt/Rechtsanwalt etc niederlassen

he's not in practice any more — er praktiziert nicht mehr

to retire from practice — sich aus der Praxis zurückziehen

a large legal practice — eine große Rechtsanwaltspraxis

2. vti (US)

See:

= practise

* * *

practice [ˈpræktıs]

A s

1. Brauch m, Gewohnheit f, Praxis f, übliches Verfahren:

make a practice of sth sich etwas zur Gewohnheit machen;

don’t make a practice of it lass es nicht zur Gewohnheit werden oder einreißen;

it is the practice es ist üblich ( to do sth etwas zu tun; for sb to do sth dass jemand etwas tut);

it is common practice es ist allgemein üblich;

it is not the usual practice for him to get drunk es ist bei ihm nicht üblich, dass er sich betrinkt; üblicherweise betrinkt er sich nicht

2. a) Übung f ( auch MIL, MUS):

practice makes perfect (Sprichwort) Übung macht den Meister;

be in (out of) practice in (aus) der Übung sein;

keep in practice in der Übung bleiben

b) Motorsport etc: Training n

3. Praxis f (Ggs Theorie):

in practice in der Praxis;

put in(to) practice in die Praxis oder Tat umsetzen;

practice-orient(at)ed praxisorientiert

4. (Arzt- etc) Praxis f:

he has a large practice;

be in practice praktizieren, eine Praxis haben

5. a) Handlungsweise f, Praktik f

b) oft pl pej (unsaubere) Praktiken pl, Machenschaften pl, Schliche pl

6. JUR Verfahren(sregeln) n(pl), formelles Recht

7. TECH Verfahren n, Technik f:

welding practice Schweißtechnik

8. MATH welsche oder italienische Praktik (eine Rechnungsart)

B adj Übungs…:

practice alarm Probealarm m;

practice alert MIL Übungsalarm m;

practice ammunition Übungsmunition f;

practice cartridge Exerzierpatrone f;

practice flight FLUG Übungsflug m;

practice run AUTO Trainingsfahrt f

C v/t besonders Br practise [-tıs]

1. üben, (gewohnheitsmäßig) tun oder (be)treiben:

practice politeness höflich sein;

practice what you preach tue selbst, was du predigst

2. (als Beruf) ausüben, tätig sein als oder in (dat), ein Geschäft etc betreiben:

practice medicine (law) als Arzt (Anwalt) praktizieren

3. (ein)üben, sich üben in (dat), MUS etwas (auf einem Instrument) üben:

practice dancing sich im Tanzen üben;

practice a piece of music ein Musikstück (ein)üben

4. jemanden üben, schulen, ausbilden

5. verüben:

practice a fraud on sb jemanden arglistig täuschen

D v/i

1. handeln, tun, verfahren

2. praktizieren (as als Arzt, Jurist):

practicing (bes Br practising) Catholic praktizierender Katholik

3. (sich) üben:

practice on the piano (sich auf dem) Klavier üben

4. practice (up)on

a) jemanden bearbeiten umg,

b) jemandes Schwächen etc ausnützen, sich etwas zunutze machen, missbrauchen

* * *
I noun
1) (repeated exercise) Praxis, die; Übung, die

put in or do some/a lot of practice — üben/viel üben

practice makes perfect — (prov.) Übung macht den Meister

be out of practice, not be in practice — außer Übung sein

2) (spell) Übungen Pl.

piano practice — Klavierüben, das

3) (work or business of doctor, lawyer, etc.) Praxis, die; see also general practice

4) (habitual action) übliche Praxis; Gewohnheit, die

practice shows that... — die Erfahrung zeigt od. lehrt, dass...

good practice — (sound procedure) gutes Vorgehen

5) (action) Praxis, die

in practice — in der Praxis; in Wirklichkeit

put something into practice — etwas in die Praxis umsetzen

6) (custom) Gewohnheit, die

regular practice — Brauch, der
II
= practiced

* * *

n.

Gepflogenheit f.

Gewohnheit f.

Praxis -en f.

Routine -n f.

Übung -en f. (UK) v.

üben v. (US) v.

ausüben v.

betreiben v.

praktizieren v.

trainieren v.

üben v. (medicine) v.

praktizieren (Arzt) v. v.

seine Praxis ausüben ausdr.

English-german dictionary > practice
13 code(s)

кодекс ; свод правил (норм) ; код ; ? code(s) of conduct for liner conference ; ? code(s) of conduct for the transfer of technology ; ? code(s) of trade liberalization ; ? code(s) of good practice ; ? "good conduct" code(s)s ; ? international code(s) of

Англо-Русский словарь финансовых терминов > code(s)
14 practice

prac·tice [ʼpræktɪs] n

1) no pl ( preparation) Übung f;

it will take a lot of \practice ich werde noch viel üben müssen;

I've had plenty of \practice at answering difficult questions ich bin es gewohnt, schwierige Fragen zu beantworten;

to be out of/in \practice aus der/in Übung sein

2) ( training session) [Übungs]stunde f; sports Training nt;

choir \practice Chorprobe f;

driving \practice Fahrstunde f;

football/hockey \practice Fußball-/Hockeytraining nt

3) no pl ( actual performance) Praxis f;

in \practice in der Praxis;

to put sth into \practice etw [in die Praxis] umsetzen;

to put a method/theory into \practice eine Methode/Theorie anwenden;

to put a plan into \practice einen Plan verwirklichen [o ausführen];

4) no pl ( usual procedure) Praxis f;

code of \practice Verhaltenskodex m;

to be accepted [or normal] [or standard] \practice üblich sein;

( to be good/bad \practice) ratsam/inakzeptabel sein;

it is very bad \practice to... es zeugt von schlechten Geschäftspraktiken, wenn man...

5) ( regular activity) Praktik f, Gewohnheit f; ( custom) Sitte f;

business/working \practices Geschäfts-/Arbeitspraktiken fpl;

a cruel \practice eine grausame Sitte;

traditional religious \practices traditionelle religiöse Praktiken;

to make a \practice of sth etw zu einer Gewohnheit werden lassen

6) ( business) Praxis f;

dental/ medical/veterinary \practice Zahnarzt-/Arzt-/Tierarztpraxis f;

legal \practice [Rechtsanwalts]kanzlei f;

private \practice [Privat]praxis f

7) no pl ( work) Praktizieren nt;

to go into private \practice eine eigene Praxis aufmachen;

to be in \practice praktizieren

PHRASES:

\practice makes perfect ( prov) Übung macht den Meister! ( prov) n

modifier (game, shot) Probe-; sports Trainings-;

a \practice session ein Training vt (Am) → practise

English-German students dictionary > practice
15 Standards of Practice of the American Association of Advertising Agencies

док.

рекл., амер. "Стандарты рекламной практики Американской ассоциации рекламных агентств"* (стандарты компетентности, разработанные Ассоциацией: напр., рекламные агентства не должны препятствовать развитию конкуренции в отрасли; должны соблюдать рекламную этику, создавать правдивую рекламу и т. д.; соответствующие этим стандартам рекламные агентства могут претендовать на членство в Ассоциации)

See:

American Association of Advertising Agencies, code of good practice

Англо-русский экономический словарь > Standards of Practice of the American Association of Advertising Agencies
16 International Organization for Standardization

орг.

сокр. ISO эк. Международная организация по стандартизации, ИСО (международная организация, в которую входят национальные организации по стандартизации; устанавливает международные отраслевые стандарты; создана в 1947 г.; первоначально включала 25 стран, по состоянию на начало 2007 г. включала 157 стран; охватывает все отрасли, кроме электротехники и телекоммуникации)

Syn:

International Standards Association, International Standards Organization

See:

Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards 1), Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards, Code of Good Practice for the Preparation, Adoption, and Application of Standards

* * *

международная организация по стандартизации

Англо-русский экономический словарь > International Organization for Standardization
17 etiquette

сущ.

1) общ. этикет (от греч. ethos - обычай, характер; правила поведения в обществе, на официальных мероприятиях, во взаимоотношениях с официальными лицами и т. п. ситуациях)

diplomatic etiquette — дипломатический этикет

See:

protocol 2)

2) соц.

а) этикет, нормы поведения ( неформальные правила поведения в обществе)

б) профессиональная этика

See:

code of conduct, code of good practice, culture

Англо-русский экономический словарь > etiquette
18 shall

shall/should
КОММЕНТАРИЙ:shall / should

Сначала несколько примеров из оригинальной англоязычной нормативно-технической документации:

1. Within this Specification:

a. "Shall"is used to indicate that a provision is mandatory.

b. "Should"is used to indicate that a provision is not mandatory, but recommended as good practice.

2. Shall:Indicates a mandatory requirement.

Should:Indicates a suggested means of accomplishment.

3."Shallhas been used only when application of a procedure is mandatory.

"Should'has been used only when application of a procedure is recommended.

4.Shall: A term which indicates that a provision is a Code requirement (see alsoshould/

Should: A term which indicates that a provision is recommended as good practice but is not a Code requirement (see alsoshall/)

5.Shall: Indicates a mandatory or required action (seeshould. Should: Indicates a preferred or recommended action (seeshall/

6.Shall:Indicates a mandatory requirement. Should:Indicates a preferred (but not mandatory) course of action.

7. Mandatory rules of this Code are characterized by the use of the word " shall". If a rule is of an advisory nature it is indicated by the use of the word "should"or is stated as a recommendation.

8. The word "shall"indicates a mandatory provision and "should"indicates a recommended or advisory provision.

И так далее, и тому подобное. Из приведенных здесь (и десятков других известных составителю) примеров со всей очевидностью вытекает, что

shall«сильнее», чем should. Переводчики, не знакомые с этим обстоятельством, столкнувшись с глаголом shall, переводят его то будущим временем, то с использованием формы долженствования. И то, и другое неверно, поскольку shall это - нечто, не подлежащее обсуждению. Это - данность. Это, как говорил Остап Бендер, - «медицинский факт». И на русский язык этот глагол переводится обычным изъявительным наклонением с использованием глагола либо в возвратной форме, либо в третьем лице множественного числа. Например: «Работа в замкнутых или ограниченных пространствах производится сварщиком под контролем наблюдающего...» (а не будет производиться) или «Нормы дымности дизелей, тракторов и машин конкретных марок устанавливают в зависимости от условного расхода воздуха» (а не должны устанавливаться).

English-Russian dictionary of scientific and technical difficulties vocabulary > shall
19 shall/should

shall/should
КОММЕНТАРИЙ:shall / should

Сначала несколько примеров из оригинальной англоязычной нормативно-технической документации:

1. Within this Specification:

a. "Shall"is used to indicate that a provision is mandatory.

b. "Should"is used to indicate that a provision is not mandatory, but recommended as good practice.

2. Shall:Indicates a mandatory requirement.

Should:Indicates a suggested means of accomplishment.

3."Shallhas been used only when application of a procedure is mandatory.

"Should'has been used only when application of a procedure is recommended.

4.Shall: A term which indicates that a provision is a Code requirement (see alsoshould/

Should: A term which indicates that a provision is recommended as good practice but is not a Code requirement (see alsoshall/)

5.Shall: Indicates a mandatory or required action (seeshould. Should: Indicates a preferred or recommended action (seeshall/

6.Shall:Indicates a mandatory requirement. Should:Indicates a preferred (but not mandatory) course of action.

7. Mandatory rules of this Code are characterized by the use of the word " shall". If a rule is of an advisory nature it is indicated by the use of the word "should"or is stated as a recommendation.

8. The word "shall"indicates a mandatory provision and "should"indicates a recommended or advisory provision.

И так далее, и тому подобное. Из приведенных здесь (и десятков других известных составителю) примеров со всей очевидностью вытекает, что

shall«сильнее», чем should. Переводчики, не знакомые с этим обстоятельством, столкнувшись с глаголом shall, переводят его то будущим временем, то с использованием формы долженствования. И то, и другое неверно, поскольку shall это - нечто, не подлежащее обсуждению. Это - данность. Это, как говорил Остап Бендер, - «медицинский факт». И на русский язык этот глагол переводится обычным изъявительным наклонением с использованием глагола либо в возвратной форме, либо в третьем лице множественного числа. Например: «Работа в замкнутых или ограниченных пространствах производится сварщиком под контролем наблюдающего...» (а не будет производиться) или «Нормы дымности дизелей, тракторов и машин конкретных марок устанавливают в зависимости от условного расхода воздуха» (а не должны устанавливаться).

English-Russian dictionary of scientific and technical difficulties vocabulary > shall/should
20 Cadbury Report

Fin

the report of the Cadbury Committee (conducted in December 1992) on the Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance. It was established to consider the following issues in relation to financial reporting and accountability, and to make recommendations on good practice: the responsibilities of executive and nonexecutive directors for reviewing and reporting on performance to shareholders and other financially interested parties; and the frequency, clarity, and form in which information should be provided; the case for audit committees of the board, including their composition and role; the principal responsibilities of the auditors and the extent and value of the audit; the links between shareholders, boards, and auditors; and any other relevant matters. The report established a Code of Best Practice, and has been influential in the United Kingdom and overseas.

See also Corporate Governance Combined Code

The ultimate business dictionary > Cadbury Report

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

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