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41 СИТЕС
1) General subject: CITES, The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora3) Sakhalin energy glossary: Международная конвенция о торговле видами дикой фауны и флоры, находящимися под угрозой уничтожения -
42 Л-103
ПЕРЕД ЛИЦОМ lit PrepP Invar the resulting PrepP is adv1. \Л-103 кого-чего in s.o's presencein front ofbefore."Я, верховный главнокомандующий Корнилов, перед лицом всего народа объявляю, что долг солдата... и беззаветная любовь к родине заставили меня в эти тяжёлые минуты бытия отечества не подчиниться приказанию Временного правительства и оставить за собой верховное командование армией и флотом» (Шолохов 3). "I, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief Kornilov, declare before the whole nation that my duty as a soldier...and my unbounded love for the Motherland have compelled me in these grave minutes of the country's existence to ignore the order of the Provisional Government and retain the supreme command of the Army and Navy" (3a).2. \Л-103 чего, often смерти when faced by sth., directly before the approach of sth.: in the face ofconfronted with....Началась первая мировая война, потом революция, и перед лицом таких великих событий никто уже не интересовался: сделали обрезание Якобу Ивановскому или не сделали (Рыбаков 1)....It was soon the First World War, then the Revolution, and in the face of such great events nobody was interested in whether Jakob Ivanovsky was circumcised or not (1a).Монтень приводит примеры, когда люди перед лицом смерти с ничем непоколебимым самообладанием дают распоряжения о том, как поступить с их телом (Олеша 3). Montaigne cites examples of people confronted with death who, without any wavering of self-control, gave instructions for the disposal of their bodies (3a). -
43 перед лицом
• ПЕРЕД ЛИЦОМ lit[PrepP; Invar; the resulting PrepP is adv]=====1. перед лицом кого-чего in s.o's presence:- in front of;- before.♦ "Я, верховный главнокомандующий Корнилов, перед лицом всего народа объявляю, что долг солдата... и беззаветная любовь к родине заставили меня в эти тяжёлые минуты бытия отечества не подчиниться приказанию Временного правительства и оставить за собой верховное командование армией и флотом" (Шолохов 3). "I, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief Kornilov, declare before the whole nation that my duty as a soldier...and my unbounded love for the Motherland have compelled me in these grave minutes of the country's existence to ignore the order of the Provisional Government and retain the supreme command of the Army and Navy" (3a).- confronted with.♦...Началась первая мировая война, потом революция, и перед лицом таких великих событий никто уже не интересовался: сделали обрезание Якобу Ивановскому или не сделали (Рыбаков 1)....It was soon the First World War, then the Revolution, and in the face of such great events nobody was interested in whether Jakob Ivanovsky was circumcised or not (1a).♦ Монтень приводит примеры, когда люди перед лицом смерти с ничем непоколебимым самообладанием дают распоряжения о том, как поступить с их телом (Олеша 3). Montaigne cites examples of people confronted with death who, without any wavering of self-control, gave instructions for the disposal of their bodies (3a).Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > перед лицом
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44 cita4
4 = source reference, citing habit, cite.Ex. Longer titles since each title can occupy only one line will be truncated and only brief source references are included.Ex. This parallelism suggests similar citing habits of scientists in the fields studied.Ex. It is much better to err in terms oftoo many cites than it is to err on the side of too few citations.----* análisis de citas = citation analysis.* bibliometría sobre citas = citation bibliometry.* búsqueda de citas = citation search.* cita bibliográfica = citation, document citation, reference citation.* cita bibliográfica falsa = bibliographic ghost.* cita bibliográfica ficticia = bibliographic ghost.* citas máximas = maximum citation.* edad de la cita = citation age.* encadenamiento de citas = citation chain, chain of citation.* enlace cita = backlink.* frecuencia de cita = citation rate.* impacto de citas = citation impact.* indicador de citas = citation indicator.* Indice de Citas = citation index, Citation Index.* Indice de Citas de Ciencia (SCI) = Science Citation Index (SCI).* Indice de Citas de las Ciencias Sociales (SCI) = Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI).* índice invertido de las citas bibliográficas = citation dictionary.* libro de citas = citator.* número de citas = number of citations.* obra fuente de la cita = citing work.* obtener una cita bibliográfica = glean + citation.* orden de cita = citation order, combination order.* patrón de cita = citation pattern. -
45 citar
v.1 to make an appointment with.me citó a la salida del cine he arranged to meet me at the exit of the cinema2 to mention.citó algunos casos he cited several cases3 to summons (law).citar a declarar a los procesados to summons the defendants to give evidence4 to give an appointment, to convoke, to summon.El doctor citó a Ricardo The doctor gave Richard an appointment.5 to quote, to mention, to quote from, to make reference to.El orador citó a Shakespeare The orator quoted Shakespeare.6 to subpoena, to cite, to convene.El tribunal citó al testigo The court subpoenaed the witness.* * *1 (dar cita) to make an appointment with, arrange to meet2 (mencionar) to quote3 DERECHO to summon1 to arrange to meet ( con, -)\citar a alguien a juicio to call somebody as a witnesscitar de memoria to quote from memory* * *verb1) to quote3) summon* * *1. VT1) (=mencionar)a) [+ ejemplo, caso] to quote, citeel informe cita a Francia, Italia e Irlanda — the report quotes o cites France, Italy and Ireland
todo tipo de plásticos, entre los que podemos citar el nilón — all kinds of plastics, such as nylon for example
b) [+ frase, autor, fuentes] to quotecitar textualmente — to quote word for word, quote verbatim
no quería que ningún "imbécil" -cito textualmente- le quitara el puesto — he wasn't having any "idiot" - and I quote - taking the job away from him
2) (=convocar)¿está usted citado? — do you have an appointment?
3) (Jur) [juez] to summon; [abogado, defensa, fiscal] to call4) (Taur) to incite, provoke2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) ( dar una cita) doctor/jefe de personal to give... an appointmentb) ( convocar)c) (Der) to summon2)a) ( mencionar) to mentionb) ( repetir textualmente) to quote2.citarse v prona)b) (recípr)* * *= cite.Ex. However, the rules numbers which are cited here for ease of reference to AACR2 apply to AACR2 alone.----* citar como ejemplo = cite + as an example.* citar las palabras de Alguien = quote + Nombre + words.* citar literalmente = quote + verbatim.* citar mal = misquote.* citar textualmente = quote.* digno de citarse = quotable.* * *1.verbo transitivo1)a) ( dar una cita) doctor/jefe de personal to give... an appointmentb) ( convocar)c) (Der) to summon2)a) ( mencionar) to mentionb) ( repetir textualmente) to quote2.citarse v prona)b) (recípr)* * *= cite.Ex: However, the rules numbers which are cited here for ease of reference to AACR2 apply to AACR2 alone.
* citar como ejemplo = cite + as an example.* citar las palabras de Alguien = quote + Nombre + words.* citar literalmente = quote + verbatim.* citar mal = misquote.* citar textualmente = quote.* digno de citarse = quotable.* * *citar [A1 ]vtA1(convocar): el jefe nos ha citado a las 11 en su oficina the boss wants to see us at 11 o'clock in his officenos citó a todos a una reunión she called us all to a meeting2 ( Der):el juez lo citó a declarar the judge summoned him to give evidencela defensa lo citó como testigo the defense called him as a witness3 ( Taur) to inciteB1 (mencionar) to citepor citar sólo algunos ejemplos to quote o cite but a few examplesno quiero citar nombres I don't want to mention any names2 (repetir textualmente) to quote; ‹frase/pasaje› to quote■ citarse1 citarse CON algn to arrange to meet sb2 ( recípr):se citaron para verse al día siguiente they arranged to see each other the following day* * *
citar ( conjugate citar) verbo transitivo
1
b) ( convocar):
c) (Der) to summon;
2
citarse verbo pronominal citarse con algn to arrange to meet sb;
citar verbo transitivo
1 (dar fecha) to arrange to meet o to make an appointment with
2 (mencionar, repetir textualmente) to quote: cita a Cervantes dos veces, he quotes Cervantes twice
3 Jur to summon
' citar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
citada
- citado
- convocar
- emplazar
- nombrar
English:
cite
- quote
- summon
- summons
* * *♦ vt1. [convocar] to make an appointment with;el jefe convocó una reunión y citó a todos los empleados the boss called a meeting to which he invited all his workers;me citó a la salida del cine he arranged to meet me at the exit of the cinema2. [aludir a] to mention;el jefe de la oposición citó algunos ejemplos de corrupción the leader of the opposition cited several cases of corruption;China y Japón, por citar sólo a dos países China and Japan, to mention o name only two countries;no quiero citar nombres, pero hay varias personas que no han pagado todavía I'm mentioning no names, but there are several people who haven't paid yet3. [textualmente] to quote;le gusta citar a Marx he likes to quote (from) Marx4. Der to summons;el juez citó a declarar a los procesados the judge summonsed the defendants to give evidence5. Taurom to incite* * *v/t1 a reunión arrange to meet2 a juicio summon3 ( mencionar) mention4 de texto quote* * *citar vt1) : to quote, to cite2) : to make an appointment with3) : to summon (to court), to subpoena* * *citar vb1. (convocar) to arrange to meet2. (nombrar) to quote -
46 cita
f.1 appointment (entrevista).darse cita to meettener una cita to have an appointmentcita a ciegas blind date2 quotation (referencia).pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: citar.imperat.2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: citar.* * *1 (para negocios, médico, etc) appointment2 (amorosa) date3 (mención) quotation\darse cita to meet 2 figurado to come togethertener una cita to have an appointment, have an engagementcita a ciegas blind date* * *noun f.1) appointment, date2) quotation* * *SF1) (=encuentro)a) [con médico, profesional] appointmenttengo cita con el dentista — I have a dental appointment, I have an appointment at the dentist's
•
concertar una cita — to make an appointment, arrange an appointment•
pedir cita — to make an appointmentb) [de novios] date2) (=reunión) meeting•
acudir a una cita — to attend a meetinglos mejores atletas del mundo se han dado cita aquí hoy — the world's top athletes have gathered here today
casa 1)•
lugar de cita — meeting place3) (=punto de encuentro) eventlos Juegos Olímpicos son la cita más importante del deporte mundial — the Olympic Games are the most important sporting event in the world
•
ser cita obligada, este festival es cita obligada para los amantes de la danza — this festival is a must for lovers of danceestos días París se convierte en cita obligada para los diseñadores de moda — for these few days, Paris becomes the only place to be for fashion designers
4) (=mención literal) [de escrito, libro] quotation; [de parte de discurso, declaraciones] quotese escribe así cuando se trata de una cita textual — it's written like this when it's a direct quote
"es intolerable" (cita textual de un compañero de la oficina) — "it's intolerable", as a colleague from work said, in the words of a colleague from work, "it's intolerable"
* * *1)a) ( con profesional) appointmentb) (con novio, amigo)tengo una cita con mi novio/con un amigo — I have a date with my boyfriend/I'm going out with a friend
faltó or no acudió a la cita — he didn't show up
c) (period) ( reunión) meetingdarse cita: se dieron cita en la estación they arranged to meet at the station; cientos de famosos se dieron cita en el estreno — (period) hundreds of celebrities were gathered at the premiere
2) (en texto, discurso) quoteuna cita de Cervantes — a quotation o quote from Cervantes
* * *1)a) ( con profesional) appointmentb) (con novio, amigo)tengo una cita con mi novio/con un amigo — I have a date with my boyfriend/I'm going out with a friend
faltó or no acudió a la cita — he didn't show up
c) (period) ( reunión) meetingdarse cita: se dieron cita en la estación they arranged to meet at the station; cientos de famosos se dieron cita en el estreno — (period) hundreds of celebrities were gathered at the premiere
2) (en texto, discurso) quoteuna cita de Cervantes — a quotation o quote from Cervantes
* * *cita11 = appointment, engagement, rendezvous.Ex: Dexter Rundle went on: 'As I said I'm late for an appointment and have to go, but tell Ms. Lachaise that I'll be in touch with her'.
Ex: The library services person will then give you the author's address, if he does accept engagements, or, often, make a preliminary inquiry for you.Ex: She decided to have a cup of coffee in the library's cafeteria before her rendezvous with Edmonds.* concertar una cita = make + appointment.* lugar de cita = meeting ground.* reservar cita = book + time.cita22 = date, tryst.Ex: The article 'A date with progress' explains the benefits to librarians and users of having the publication date of a book added to its Dewey Decimal Classification number.
Ex: Two dangerous trysts are spied upon by a third and hostile party, whose presence is detected by the lovers who act in consort to outwit him.* cita a ciegas = blind date.* cita con un extraño = blind date.* primera cita = first date.* tener una cita = date.* violación cometida por la persona con quien se ha tenido una cita = date rape.cita33 = quote.Ex: Kilgour, from whom the above quote is taken, believes that with such catalogues 'it will not be necessary to have extensive descriptive cataloging rule systems'.
* cita textual = quotation, sic.* mapa de citas = citation map.cita44 = source reference, citing habit, cite.Ex: Longer titles since each title can occupy only one line will be truncated and only brief source references are included.
Ex: This parallelism suggests similar citing habits of scientists in the fields studied.Ex: It is much better to err in terms oftoo many cites than it is to err on the side of too few citations.* análisis de citas = citation analysis.* bibliometría sobre citas = citation bibliometry.* búsqueda de citas = citation search.* cita bibliográfica = citation, document citation, reference citation.* cita bibliográfica falsa = bibliographic ghost.* cita bibliográfica ficticia = bibliographic ghost.* citas máximas = maximum citation.* edad de la cita = citation age.* encadenamiento de citas = citation chain, chain of citation.* enlace cita = backlink.* frecuencia de cita = citation rate.* impacto de citas = citation impact.* indicador de citas = citation indicator.* Indice de Citas = citation index, Citation Index.* Indice de Citas de Ciencia (SCI) = Science Citation Index (SCI).* Indice de Citas de las Ciencias Sociales (SCI) = Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI).* índice invertido de las citas bibliográficas = citation dictionary.* libro de citas = citator.* número de citas = number of citations.* obra fuente de la cita = citing work.* obtener una cita bibliográfica = glean + citation.* orden de cita = citation order, combination order.* patrón de cita = citation pattern.* * *A1 (con un profesional) appointmentel abogado me ha dado cita para el lunes I have an appointment to see the lawyer on Mondaypedir cita to make an appointmentllámeme por teléfono para concertar una cita call me to arrange an appointment2(con un amigo, novio): tengo una cita con mi novio I have a date with o I'm going out with o I'm meeting my boyfriendno llegues tarde a la cita don't be late for our rendezvousel embajador acudió a la cita con el presidente the ambassador attended the meeting with the presidentdarse cita: se dieron cita en la estación they arranged to meet at the stationcientos de famosos se dieron cita en el estreno de la obra ( period); hundreds of celebrities came together at the premiereCompuestos:blind datecomputer datingB(en un texto, discurso): una cita del diario a quote from the newspaperuna cita de Cervantes a quotation o ( frml) citation from Cervantes* * *
Del verbo citar: ( conjugate citar)
cita es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
cita
citar
cita sustantivo femenino
1
concertar una cita to arrange an appointmentb) (con novio, amigo):◊ tengo una cita con mi novio/con un amigo I have a date with my boyfriend/I'm going out with a friend;
faltó a la cita he didn't show up (colloq);
citas por computadora or (Esp) ordenator computer dating
2 (en texto, discurso) quote;◊ una cita de Cervantes a quotation o quote from Cervantes
citar ( conjugate citar) verbo transitivo
1
b) ( convocar):
c) (Der) to summon;
2
citarse verbo pronominal citase con algn to arrange to meet sb;
cita sustantivo femenino
1 (para un encuentro formal) appointment: tengo que pedir cita en el dentista, I have to make an appointment with my dentist
2 (para un encuentro informal) date: llegará tarde, porque tenía una cita, she'll get here late because she had a prior engagement
3 (de un autor, libro) quotation
citar verbo transitivo
1 (dar fecha) to arrange to meet o to make an appointment with
2 (mencionar, repetir textualmente) to quote: cita a Cervantes dos veces, he quotes Cervantes twice
3 Jur to summon
' cita' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acudir
- alguna
- alguno
- anulación
- citar
- compromiso
- concertar
- faltar
- hora
- les
- plan
- señalamiento
- audiencia
- cuadrar
- incumplir
- plantar
- textual
English:
appointment
- appt.
- assignment
- blind
- break
- citation
- date
- engagement
- fix up
- keep
- meeting
- quotation
- quote
- rearrange
- rendezvous
- reschedule
- see
- arrange
- speed
- switch
* * *cita nf1. [entrevista] [con amigo, doctor, abogado] appointment;[de novios] date;una cita de negocios a business appointment;la próxima cita del equipo le enfrentará a Paraguay the team's next match will be against Paraguay;no piensa faltar a la cita anual con los accionistas he fully intends to be at the annual shareholders' meeting;acordar una cita to arrange an appointment;darse cita [quedar] to arrange to meet;[encontrarse] to meet;decenas de directores se dan cita anualmente en Cannes scores of directors come together o meet up in Cannes every year;faltar a una cita to miss an appointment;pedir cita to ask for an appointment;tener una cita to have an appointmentcita a ciegas blind date;cita electoral election;cita con las urnas: [m5] tener una cita con las urnas to go to the polls;en la última cita con las urnas in the last election2. [referencia] quotation* * *f1 appointment;cita previa prior appointment, previous engagement;concertar una cita arrange an appointment;darse cita arrange to meet2 de texto quote, quotation* * *cita nf1) : quote, quotation2) : appointment, date* * *cita n1. (con médico, etc) appointment2. (con novio, novia) date¿tienes una cita con Mario? have you got a date with Mario?3. (frase) quote / quotation -
47 खलु _khalu
खलु ind. A particle implying:-- (a)1 Certainly, surely, verily, indeed; मार्गे पदानि खलु ते विषमीभवन्ति Ś.4.15; अनुत्सेकः खलु विक्रमालङ्कारः V.1; न खल्वनिर्जित्य रघुं कृती भवान् R.3.51. (b) Now, now then, now further; Rv.1.34.14.-2 Entreaty, conciliation ('pray'); न खलु न खलु बाणः सन्निपात्योयमस्मिन् Ś.1.1; न खलु न खलु मुग्धे साहसं कार्यमेतत् Nāg.3.-3 Inquiry; न खलु तामभिक्रुद्धो गुरुः V.3. (= किं अभिक्रुद्धो गुरुः); न खलु विदितास्ते तत्र निवसन्तश्चाणक्य- हतकेन Mu.2; न खलूग्ररुषा पिनाकिना गमितः सा$पि सुहृद्गतां गतिम् Ku.4.24.-4 Prohibition (with gerunds); निर्धारिते$थ लेखेन खलूक्त्वा खलु वाचिकम् Śi.2.7.-5 Reason (for); न विदीर्ये कठिनाः खलु स्त्रियः Ku.4.5. (G. M. cites this as an illustration of विषाद or dejection); विधिना जन एष वञ्चितस्त्वदधीनं खलु देहिनां सुखम् 4.1.-6 खलु is some- times used as an expletive.-7 Sometimes only to add grace to the sentence (वाक्यालङ्कार); Bṛi. Up.1.3.6. -
48 CROUS
CROUS [kʀus]masculine noun( = centre régional des œuvres universitaires et scolaires) students' welfare office* * *kʀusnom masculin (abbr = Centre régional d'œuvres universitaires et sociales) French student welfare organization* * *kʀus abr nmCentre régional des œuvres universitaires et scolaires students' representative body* * *CROUS nm (abbr = Centre régional d'œuvres universitaires et sociales) French student welfare organization.ⓘ CROUS The student welfare organization attached to each university. As well as carrying out administration relating to student scholarships and subsistence expenses, running the restaurants universitaires and the cités universitaires or halls of residence, the CROUS organizes social events and trips notably for foreign nationals studying in France.nom propre masculin,Crous nom propre masculin [krus] (abréviation de Centre régional des œuvres universitaires et scolaires)student representative body dealing with accommodation, catering etc. -
49 recenser
recenser [ʀ(ə)sɑ̃se]➭ TABLE 1 transitive verb[+ population] to take a census of ; [+ objets] to make an inventory of ; [+ malades, victimes] to make a list of* * *ʀ(ə)sɑ̃se1) Sociologie to take a census of [population]2) ( inventorier) to list [objets, problèmes]* * *ʀ(ə)sɑ̃se vt1) [population] to take a census of2) (= inventorier) to make an inventory of3) (= dénombrer) to liston recense à ce jour...; On recense à ce jour plus de 200 sites. — 200 cites are currently listed., Over 200 sites are currently listed.
* * *recenser verb table: aimer vtr1 Sociol to take a census of [population];[rəsɑ̃se] verbe transitif1. [population] to take ou to make a census of3. MILITAIRE [futurs conscrits] to register[équipements] to inventory -
50 référence
référence [ʀefeʀɑ̃s]feminine noun• période/prix de référence reference period/price• servir de référence [chiffres, indice, taux] to be used as a benchmark ; [personne] to be a role model• il a un doctorat, c'est quand même une référence he has a doctorate which is not a bad recommendation* * *ʀefeʀɑ̃s
1.
1) ( renvoi) reference (à to)en or par référence à — in reference to
faire référence à — to refer to, to make reference to
2) ( modèle) (prime) examplelui? ce n'est pas une référence! — who, him? well, he's not much of an example!
3) ( identification) reference; ( numéro) reference number4) Linguistique reference
2.
réferences nom féminin pluriel (pour emploi, location) references* * *ʀefeʀɑ̃s1. nf1) (= mention, renvoi) reference2)3) (= produit) product, item2. références nfpl(= recommandations) reference sg* * *A nf1 ( renvoi) reference (à to); en or par référence à in reference to; faire référence à to refer to, to make reference to; les ouvrages cités en référence the works referred to;2 ( modèle) (prime) example; être cité comme la référence to be cited as prime example; lui? ce n'est pas une référence! who, him? well, he's not much of an example!; date/année de référence date/year of reference; point de référence point of reference, reference point; prix/livre de référence reference price/book; brut de référence base crude; produit de référence leading product;3 ( identification) reference; ( numéro) reference number; notre/votre référence our/your reference; notre catalogue compte 5 000 références bibliographiques there are 5,000 entries in our catalogueGB;4 Ling reference.[referɑ̃s] nom féminin1. [renvoi] reference‘référence à rappeler dans toute correspondance’ ‘reference number to be quoted when replying ou in all correspondence’3. [base d'évaluation] referenceun prix littéraire, c'est une référence a literary prize is a good recommendation for a bookfaire référence à to refer to, to make (a) reference to————————références nom féminin pluriel[pour un emploi - témoignages] references, credentials (figuré) ; [ - document] reference letter, testimonial‘sérieuses références exigées’ ‘good references required’————————de référence locution adjectivalereference (modificateur) -
51 VÁRR
(vör. vart), a.1) aware; verða e-s varr, verða varr við e-t, to be aware of, learn, hear; gera e-n varan við e-t, to warn a person; gera vart við e-t, to draw attention to a thing;2) wary, cautious; vera varr um sik, to be on one’s guard; varr við e-t, on one’s guard against.* * *vár, várt, mod. vor, a possess. pron. This word has undergone several changes, starting from an original form uns, Goth. unsar, which was contracted into ús, cp. órir, p. 469; next the s changed into r (as in vera, heyra, eyra, járn), thus it became ûrr or ór-r, cp. A. S. ûre, Engl. our; lastly, the initial vowel was turned into the cognate consonant v, prob. from being confounded with the personal pronoun vér. The old poets seem only to know the vowel form, as is always seen in alliteration, Vþm. 4, 7, Hým. 33, Hkv. Hjörv. 23; and so in rhymes, stórr, órar, Kormak. Thorodd cites this form, órar eru ú-rækðir órar; and the earliest vellums use it throughout. About A. D. 1200 várr begins to appear, an innovation prob. imported from abroad; thus in Clem. S. (Arna-Magn. 645), p. 147, ‘ór,’ ‘órum,’ six times (ll. 1, 4, 9, 12, 13, 28), but ‘várra,’ ‘vár,’ twice (ll. 6, 25); in a few poems of the 12th century, preserved in late vellums, the spelling is ‘vórr,’ whereas the alliteration and rhyme demand ó, e. g. Líkn. 24, Harms. 53, 54, 58; in Ls. 52 ‘vömmin vár’ is an exception and otherwise corrupt, for ‘vár’ could not have existed at the time when that poem was composed. In this way the modern várr arose, being quite peculiar to the Scandinavian: [Dan. vor, Swed. vår; whereas Goth. unsar, Germ. unser, answer to the obsolete Icel. ossir; and A. S. ûre, Engl. our, answer to early Icel. órr]:—our.B. USAGES.—Our; várt höfuð, Fms. x. 7; várs herra, Stj.; várrar, id.; með vórum afla, Hkr. ii. 92; várra glæpa, Stj.2. neut. as subst.; [cp. Engl. ours]; láta slíka sitja yfir váru, Ísl. ii. 224.3. with another pron.; várr skal hverr eina konu eiga, N. G. L. i. 20; várr skal engi blandask við búfé, each of us, 18; skipi hvert várt stýrði, Am. 96; einn várn, one of us, Fms. vi. 165; hverjum várum, each of us Ó. H. 61; kvað hvern várn skyldu falla þveran of annan, Fms. vi. 313 (in a verse); sjám hverr várr ( who of us) fái fyrst búnar snekkjur. Fas. i. 350 (in a verse); engum várum, none of us, Glúm. 332; fundir várir Hákonar, our meetings, i. e. of H. and myself, Fms. vii. 256. -
52 adstructor
one who adduces/brings forward/cites/alleges proof -
53 argumentator
he who brings forward/cites arguments/reasons/proofs, arguer, disputant -
54 argumentatrix
she who brings forward/cites arguments/reasons/proofs, arguer, disputant -
55 astructor
one who adduces/brings forward/cites/alleges proof -
56 bronc fighter
May be used as a synonym for bronco buster, but Blevins cites Adams as saying that it might also refer to a rider who spoils a horse instead of breaking it. See also bronco buster below. -
57 cabestro
(Sp. model spelled same [kabéstro] < Latin capistrum 'halter')1) DARE: 1805. Originally a halter or tether made of a hair rope. Watts notes that its original meaning was broadened to refer to any hair rope, or even to a reata, which is generally a rope made of rawhide. This last application is not widespread, however, and can be confusing, since cabestro is often used to distinguish a rope made of hair from one made of rawhide or leather. The DRAE defines cabestro as a halter that is tied to the head or neck of a horse to lead or secure it. Islas's definition differs from the DRAE's in that the horsehair cabestro need not be attached to a halter. According to Islas, it is the term most commonly used in Mexico to refer to a twisted horsehair rope used to restrain, lead, or train a horse. Its length is variable—it may be some sixteen feet long and serve as a halter, or about twenty feet long and function as a double-rein, or from twenty-six to thirty-three feet long and serve as a "false rein" (or halter and headstall used when breaking a horse). The thickness of the cabestro or cabresto also varies, depending on the function of the rope. Santamaría concurs with Islas, noting that cabresto is so common in Mexico that cabestro sounds strange to the ear. He cites Salvá as saying that cabresto is an antiquated form that appears in writing in the sixteenth century. (Linguistically, the fact that the /r/ appears to move from one syllable to the next and forms a consonant cluster with /b/ or /t/ is known as metathesis. Such variation is common in popularly transmitted forms and is evidenced in the history of both Spanish and English.) Cobos indicates that in New Mexico and southern Colorado cabresto can refer to a rope in general.Alternate forms: cabarista, cabaros, caberes, caberos, caboras, caboris, cabras, cabrass, cabressa, cabresse, cabresta, cabresto, cabris, cavraces.2) According to Smith, cabestro can also refer to "one who might be led around by the nose." Spanish sources do not reference this term as a noun that can be applied to a person. However, the DRAE references cabestrear and Santamaría references cabrestear as verbs meaning to lead an animal around with a cabestro or cabresto. Santamaría indicates that the verb form can be used figuratively to lead a person "by the nose" or to coerce him or her to do something against his or her will. According to the DRAE, llevar/ traer del cabestro a alguien has the same figurative meaning in Spain. -
58 cahon
( cajón [kaxón] < caja 'box' < Latin capsa via Catalan caixa or Occitan caissa plus augmentative suffix -ón; literally, large box, trunk)1) According to Clark, "a box canyon or a narrow basin of land nearly surrounded by steep sides." It is likely that the English equivalent is a calque from this Spanish term. The DRAE indicates that, especially in Chile, cajón may refer to a long canyon with an arroyo or river at its base. No Spanish source consulted provides a meaning for this term exactly like the one used in the Southwest, but Santamaría cites Beaumont, who uses cajón as a synonym for cañón.2) Clark: 1860s. "A boxlike or squarish building constructed of adobe." Clark also notes that this term is frequently used in place names in the Southwest. Spanish sources do not reference this meaning. -
59 cattalo
Watts: 1944. A cross between a cow (longhorn or fully domesticated one) and a buffalo. Adams says that Charles Goodnight was the first to produce a hybrid between these species, but Watts indicates that Spanish colonists attempted to breed cattle and buffalo as early as 1750 and that the idea was suggested in 1598. The original reason for breeding the two animals is disputed. Hendrickson cites Ferber, who suggests it was to make cattle more resistant to heat and ticks. Watts says that it was to produce a new kind of meat, which unfortunately proved to be inferior to beef. These hybrid animals are said to be difficult to domesticate and often sterile, but some believe there may yet be a market for them.Alternate forms: catalo, cattlo. -
60 dogie
(origin uncertain, see below)1) West: 1888. A motherless calf; a young, scrawny calf; a runt.Alternate forms: doge, dogee, dogey, doghie, dogie calf, dogy, doughie.2) Arizona, California: 1921. By extension, a motherless lamb. Also dogie lamb.3) Adams indicates this term sometimes means a laced shoe.4) According to Blevins, also used adjectivally in a humorous way for anything doomed to failure or "unlikely to survive." The origin of this term is uncertain, but there are many theories. Hendrickson provides several possibilities. The term may be from "dough-guts," referring to the swollen bellies of orphaned calves, or it may derive from "doggie," a playful way to refer to young calves. This latter etymology does not explain why the stem vowel of dogie is never pronounced [a] (as in doggie) but as [o]. Hendrickson, among others, also claims that it derives from the Spanish adobe or "dobie." Both he and Blevins also note that it may have derived from Bambara dogo or African Creole dogi, both of which mean 'short' or 'small.' Hendrickson hypothesizes that the term was originally applied by black cowboys. Blevins cites Owen Wister, who believes that the term comes from doga, a term meaning 'trifling stock.' Dale Jarman (personal communication) presents the most convincing etymology. He derives the term from dogal (see above), since these young orphaned calves could be led by a rope tied around the neck. It is possible that some cowpoke who knew enough Spanish to mistakenly identify -al as the common collective suffix, may have coined the blend: supposed Spanish root dog plus the English diminutive. Spanish sources do not reference a similar term.see adobe
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