cernō

cēra, ae, f. [Sanscr. kar-, to scatter, throw away; cf. Gr. krinô; Lat. cerno; Gr. kêros; cf. sincerus], wax, Lucr. 6, 516; 6, 966; Cic. de Or. 3, 45, 177: id. Tusc. 1, 45, 108; Col. 9, 15, 8; 9, 16, 1; Plin. 21, 14, 49, § 83 sq. et saep.; Verg. E. 2, 32.—In plur., the wax cells of the hives, Verg. G. 4, 57; 4, 162; 4, 241; Col. 9, 15; 9, 7 sq.; Plin. 11, 8, 8, § 118 al.—

Meton., acc. to its diff. uses.

Most freq., a writing-tablet covered with wax, Plaut. Pers. 4, 3, 59; id. Curc. 3, 40; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 62; Ov. M. 9, 521; Liv. 1, 24, 7; Quint. 1, 1, 27; 10, 3, 31; 11, 2, 32; Suet. Caes. 83 al. —Hence, prima, secunda, etc., cera, the first, etc., leaf or page, Suet. Ner. 17; Hor. S. 2, 5, 54; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92.—

A seal of wax, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 96; Cic. Fl. 16, 37; Ov. Am. 2, 15, 16; Plin. 2, 51, 52, § 137.—

A waxen image of an ancestor, a wax figure:

cera illa (sc. majorum imaginum) atque figura,

Sall. J. 4, 6; Ov. F. 1, 591; Juv. 8, 19; cf.:

expressi cerā voltus,

Plin. 35, 2, 2, § 6.—

Wax used in encaustic painting, Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 4 Schneid.; Plin. 35, 7, 31, § 49; id. 35, 11, 39, § 122; and 35, 11, 41, § 149; Stat. S. 1, 1, 100.

crētĭo, ōnis, f. [cerno, II.]; jurid. t. t., the format declaration by the heir of his intention to enter upon his inheritance.

Prop., Gai Inst. 2, § 7; 2, 164 sqq.; 2, 171 sqq.; Ulp. Fragm. 22, 25 sqq.; Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll.: simplex, fruitless, i. e. where there is no property, Cic. Att. 11, 12, 4:

libera,

without restrictions by the testator, id. ib. 13, 46, 3; id. de Or. 1, 22, 101 al.—

Meton., an inheritance, Plin. 2, 26, 24, § 95 fin.

crētus, a, um, Part., from cerno.

crētus, a, um, Part., from cresco. q. v. I. A. fin.

crīmen, ĭnis, n. [contr. for cernimen, from cerno, II. C.]; lit., a judicial decision, verdict, judgment; hence, transf., like the Gr. krima, of the subject of such a decision, and with partieular reference either to the accuser or to the accused.

Subject., or with reference to the accuser, a charge, accusation, reproach; esp. when unfounded, a calumny, slander (very freq. in every period and species of composition):

criminin' me habuisse fidem?

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 3, 15; cf. Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 13:

hae litterae fidem Persei criminibus fecerunt,

Liv. 40, 23, 9:

cum respondero criminibus,

Cic. Planc. 2, 4:

se falsis criminibus circumventum,

Sall. C. 34, 2; cf.:

crimen falsum,

Cic. Quint. 2, 8; Hor. C. 3, 7, 14:

criminibus adversariorum in invidiam venire,

Nep. Epam. 7, 3:

sermones pleni criminum in Patres,

Liv. 6, 14, 11:

crimina et suspiciones,

id. 40, 15, 3:

tanti maleficii crimen probare te censes posse talibus viris, si, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 26, 72:

sceleris maximi,

id. Cael. 23, 56; cf. id. ib. 27, 65; id. Sull. 24, 8:

istius conjurationis,

id. ib. 4, 12:

avaritiae,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 78, § 192; 2, 5, 1, § 2:

veneficii,

Quint. 5, 7, 37:

ubi est crimen quod reprehenditis?

i. e. the point of the accusation, Cic. Sest. 38, 80 Halm ad loc.:

quo enim illi crimine peccatoque perierunt?

id. Cael. 30, 71:

haec causa est omnium horum scelerum atque criminum,

id. ib. 25, 61;

so (approaching the signif. II. A. infra), id C. Norbano in nefario crimine atque in fraude capitali esse ponendum,

id. de Or. 2, 48, 199 Sorof ad loc.:

era in crimen veniet,

Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 55 (era male audiet, Don.):

quid? sciebas tibi crimini datum iri?

would be made a reproach? Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 29, § 74; cf. Ov. M. 1, 766:

crimen adferre,

Cic. Rab. Post. 10, 27; cf.:

crimen inferre, offerre,

id. Lael. 18, 65:

in quos crimen intendebatur,

Liv. 9, 26, 11:

esse in crimine,

to stand charged with, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 45, § 100:

propulsare,

id. Sull. 4, 12:

defendere,

to repel, confute, id. ib.; Ov. M. 13, 303;

and opp. obicere,

Quint. 6, 3, 69:

repellere, transferre,

id. 4, 2, 26 et saep.— Poet.: belli, pretexts (causae), Verg. A. 7, 339.—

Meton. (abstr. pro concreto), an object of reproach or invective:

perpetuae crimen posteritatis eris,

Ov. Tr. 4, 9, 26.—

Object., or with reference to the accused, the fault complained of, a crime, fault, offence (freq., but rare in ante-Aug. prose).

Lit.

Ingen.:

foedati crimine turpi,

Lucr. 3, 49:

cum haec (causa) non in crimine aliquo, quod ille posset infitiari... consisteret,

Cic. de Or. 1, 40, 182 Sorof ad loc.:

crimen meum indicare,

Liv. 40, 12, 10; 41, 25, 6:

carendum non solum crimine turpitudinis, verum etiam suspicione,

Quint. 2, 2, 14:

cum quidam crimen ultro faterentur,

Suet. Claud. 36:

velut crimen taedas exosa jugales,

Ov. M. 1, 483:

non prodere vultu,

id. ib. 2, 447:

scire,

id. ib. 2, 614:

hoc si crimen erit, crimen amoris erit,

Prop. 2 (3), 30, 24; cf.:

tuum crimen erit,

thy fault, id. 2 (3), 28, 2:

crimina et innoxios discernere,

Tac. A. 1, 55.—Ovid in his Tristia very freq. calls the offence on account of which he was banished crimina or crimen, interchanging it with error, e. g. 1, 9, 64; 2, 3; 2, 207; 3, 5, 52; 3, 6, 26 al.—

Of inanim. objects:

crimina brassicae sunt, animae gravitatem facere, etc.,

fault, defect, Plin. 20, 9, 35, § 91.—

In partic., the crime of lewdness, adultery, Ov. M. 9, 24; Sil. 6, 634.—

Meton.

An object representing a crime:

et rupit pictas, caelestia crimina, vestes, i. e. deorum adulteria,

Ov. M. 6, 131; cf.:

tum paries nullo crimine pictus erat,

Prop. 2, 6, 34 (2, 5, 26 Bip.):

impressā signat sua crimina gemmā,

a letter containing her crime, Ov. M. 9, 566.—

A cause of a crime, a criminal:

se causam clamat crimenque caputque malorum,

Verg. A. 12, 600; cf.:

a pereant Baiae, crimen amoris, aquae,

Prop. 1, 11, 30:

Crimen et illa fuit... Myrrha,

id. 3, 19 (4, 18), 15.

dēbĕo ( dehibeo, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24 infra, cf. Ritschl, Opusc. Phil. 2, 590), ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a. [de-habeo], (lit., to have or keep from some one: "qui pecuniam dissolvit, statim non habet id quod reddidit, qui autem debet, aes retinet alienum," Cic. Planc. 28, 68 Wund.; hence), to owe (Gr. opheilô; opp. reddo, solvo, dissolvo, persolvo, freq. and class.).

Lit., of money and money's worth.

Act.,

with acc.:

quas (drachmas) de ratione dehibuisti,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24; cf. Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 43:

Mylasis et Alabandis pecuniam Cluvio debent,

Cic. Fam. 13, 56; so,

pecuniam alicui,

id. ib. 13, 14 et saep.:

qui dissolverem quae debeo,

Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 51:

appellatus es de pecunia, quam pro domo, pro hortis, pro sectione debebas,

Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 71; so,

grandem pecuniam,

Sall. C. 49, 3: quadringenties HS. Cic. Phil. 2, 37:

talenta CC,

id. Att. 5, 21, 12:

quadruplum, duplum,

Quint. 7, 4, 44 et saep.—

Without acc.:

illis quibus debeo,

Ter. Ph. 5, 7, 30:

ut illi quam plurimi deberent,

Sall. J. 96, 2:

nec ipsi debeo,

Quint. 4, 4, 6: Cal. Jan. debuit;

adhuc non solvit,

Cic. Att. 14, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 3 et saep.— Part. pres. as subst.: debentes, ium, m., debtors, Liv. 6, 27, 3; cf. Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 5.—

Pass.:

dum pecunia accipitur, quae mihi ex publica permutatione debetur,

Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 4; id. Verr. 2, 3, 82; cf.:

quam ad diem legioni frumentum deberi sciebat,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

a publicanis suae provinciae debitam biennii pecuniam exegerat,

id. B. C. 3, 31; Quint. 5, 10, 117:

quod si omnino non debetur? Quid? praetor solet judicare deberi?

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10; cf.:

quaeretur an debeatur,

Quint. 7, 1, 21 et saep.—Hence,

Dēbĭ-tum, i, n., what is owing, a debt, Cic. Att. 13, 23 fin.:

ne de bonis deminui paterentur priusquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:

tamquam debito fraudetur,

id. Or. 53, 178:

ex quibus unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,

will pay a debt with one, Sen. Ep. 7, 10:

reddere,

to repay, Col. 10, pr. 1.

Prov.:

animan debere,

to be over head and ears in debt, Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 56 ("Graecum proverbium, kai autên tên psuchên opheilei," Don.).

Trop., to owe something, i. e. to be under obligation, both to and for something.

To owe, i. e. to be bound or under obligation to render, pay, etc., something (for syn. cf.: necesse est, oportet, cogo, decet, opus est, par est, meum, tuum... alicujus est).

In gen.

with acc.:

ego hoc tibi pro servitio debeo,

Ter. Andr. 4, 1, 51:

quo etiam majorem ei res publica gratiam debet,

Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 27; so,

gratiam,

Sall. J. 110; cf. no. b:

videris patriae hoc munus debere,

Cic. Leg. 1, 25:

si fidem debet tutor,

Quint. 5, 10, 73 (acc. to Cic. Top. 10, 42, si tutor fidem praestare debet); cf. no. b:

dies longa videtur opus debentibus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 21:

quos mundo debes oculos,

Ov. M. 4, 197:

debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum,

Verg. A. 10, 853; cf. Ov. M. 6, 538; id. F. 5, 648:

juvenem nil jam caelestibus ullis debentem,

Verg. A. 11, 51; cf. Sil. 15, 371: navis, quae tibi creditum Debes Vergilium finibus Atticis, Hor. Od. 1, 3, 6; Ov. M. 1, 481 sq.:

Turnum debent haec jam mihi sacra,

Verg. A. 12, 317 Wagn. N. cr.; cf. id. ib. 11, 179:

isti tibi quid homines debent?

i. e. what business have you with those men? Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 51; cf. infra b fin. —

With inf., to be bound, in duty bound to do something; I ought, must, should, etc., do it (in class. prose always in the sense of moral necessity; in the poets sometimes for necesse est):

debetis velle quae velimus,

Plaut. Am. prol. 39:

num ferre contra patriam arma illi cum Coriolano debuerunt?

Cic. Lael. 11:

multo illa gravius aestimare debere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 14 fin.:

Africam forte Tubero obtinere debebat,

id. B. C. 1, 30:

debes hoc etiam rescribere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 30 et saep.:

ut agri vastari, oppida expugnari non debuerint, Caes, B. G. 1, 11: summae se iniquitatis condemnari debere, si, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 19 fin.:

scriptor... inter perfectos veteresque referri debet, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 37 (for which ib. 41: inter quos referendus erit? cf. also ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini;

dicique beatus Ante obitum nemo debet,

Ov. M. 3, 137):

ut jam nunc dicat, jam nunc debentia dici,

Hor. A. P. 43 et saep.— Poet. for necesse est, oportet, it is necessary, it must needs (so almost everywhere in Lucret.):

omnia debet enim cibus integrare novando et fulcire cibus, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 1146; 3, 188; 4, 61; 1, 232 Munro.—

Pass., to be due or owing:

Veneri jam et Libero reliquum tempus deberi arbitrabatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11:

quanta his (sc. dis) gratia debeatur,

id. Fin. 3, 22, 73; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9 fin.:

honores non ex merito, sed quasi debitos repetere,

Sall. J. 85, 37 et saep.:

persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant Debita!

Verg. A. 2, 538:

debita quam sulcis committas semina,

id. G. 1, 223; Prop. 1, 6, 17; 2, 28, 60 (3, 26, 14 M.):

debitae Nymphis opifex coronae,

Hor. Od. 3, 27, 30:

calentem debita sparges lacrima favillam,

id. ib. 2, 6, 23; Prop. 3, 7, 9 (4, 6, 9 M.):

soli mihi Pallas debetur,

Verg. A. 10, 443 et saep.:

quid tibi istic debetur?

what business have you there? Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 18; id. Truc. 2, 2, 8; id. Rud. 1, 1, 34; cf. supra, a

.—Hence, Dēbĭtum, i, n., what is due, debt, duty, obligation (post-Aug. and rare):

velut omni vitae debito liberatus,

Curt. 10, 5, 3:

nepotum nutriendorum,

Val. Max. 2, 9, 1:

non secundum gratiam, sed secundum debitum,

Vulg. Rom. 4, 4; 1 Cor. 7, 3:

solvere debito,

to free from obligation, Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1.—

Poet. (esp. in Verg.) and in post-Aug. prose like the Gr. opheilô and ophliskanô.

To owe, i. e. to be bound or destined by fate or by nature (v. Lidd. and Scott sub. opheilô, no. 3).

Act.. urbem et jam cerno Phrygios debere nepotes, i. e. are destined to found, Ov. M. 15, 444:

debet multas hic legibus aevi (i. e. fato) Ante suam mortes,

Luc. 2, 82; cf. id. 6, 530.—More usually,

pass., to be due i. e. to be destined:

cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus Debentur,

Verg. A. 4, 276; cf. id. ib. 3, 184; 7, 120;

145: indigetem Aeneam scis Deberi caelo,

id. ib. 12, 795:

animae, quibus altera fato Corpora debentur,

id. ib. 6, 714:

sors ista senectae Debita erat nostrae,

id. ib. 11, 166:

fatis debitus Arruns,

i. e. devoted to death, id. ib. 11, 759:

dum bello Argolici vastabant Pergama reges Debita casurasque inimicis ignibus arces,

id. ib. 8, 375 (" fataliter ad exitium destinata," Serv.); cf. so absol.:

tempora Parcae debita complerant,

id. ib. 9, 108:

morbo naturae debitum reddiderunt,

Nep. Reg. 1 fin.: DEBITVM NATVRAE PERSOLVIT, etc., Inscr. Orell. no. 3453;

and simply DEBITVM PERSOLVIT,

id. ib. no. 4482.—

So, because what one is destined by the fates to suffer is regarded as his debt (ophliskanein gelôta tini):

tu nisi ventis debes ludibrium, cave,

Hor. Od. 1, 14, 16.

To owe something to some one, to be indebted to or to have to thank one for something.

With acc.:

ut hoc summum beneficium Q. Maximo debuerim,

Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121; so magna beneficia mihi, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12;

qui mihi laudem illam eo minus deberet,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 3:

me paene plus tibi quam ipsi Miloni debiturum,

id. Fam. 2, 6 fin.; cf. id. Planc. 28;

and quantum cuique deberet,

Nep. Epam. 3 fin.; Plin. Pan. 30, 1 et saep.:

o cui debere salutem Confiteor,

Ov. M. 7, 164;

so vitam,

id. Pont. 4, 5, 31;

and in a like sense: se,

id. M. 7, 48; 2, 644; so,

in a bad sense, hoc quoque Tarquinio debebimus,

id. Fast. 2, 825. —

Absol., to be indebted, obliged, under obligation to one:

verum fac me multis debere, et in iis Plancio, etc.,

Cic. Planc. 28; cf.

with a clause: tibi nos debere fatemur, quod, etc.,

Ov. M. 4, 76.

To continue to owe something; i. e. to withhold, keep back:

quod praesenti tibi non tribueram, id absenti debere non potui,

Cic. Fam. 7, 19, init. —So pass.:

sic enim diximus, et tibi hoc video non posse debere,

id. Tusc. 2, 27, 67 fin.

dēbĕo ( dehibeo, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24 infra, cf. Ritschl, Opusc. Phil. 2, 590), ŭi, ĭtum, 2, v. a. [de-habeo], (lit., to have or keep from some one: "qui pecuniam dissolvit, statim non habet id quod reddidit, qui autem debet, aes retinet alienum," Cic. Planc. 28, 68 Wund.; hence), to owe (Gr. opheilô; opp. reddo, solvo, dissolvo, persolvo, freq. and class.).

Lit., of money and money's worth.

Act.,

with acc.:

quas (drachmas) de ratione dehibuisti,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 24; cf. Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 43:

Mylasis et Alabandis pecuniam Cluvio debent,

Cic. Fam. 13, 56; so,

pecuniam alicui,

id. ib. 13, 14 et saep.:

qui dissolverem quae debeo,

Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 51:

appellatus es de pecunia, quam pro domo, pro hortis, pro sectione debebas,

Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 71; so,

grandem pecuniam,

Sall. C. 49, 3: quadringenties HS. Cic. Phil. 2, 37:

talenta CC,

id. Att. 5, 21, 12:

quadruplum, duplum,

Quint. 7, 4, 44 et saep.—

Without acc.:

illis quibus debeo,

Ter. Ph. 5, 7, 30:

ut illi quam plurimi deberent,

Sall. J. 96, 2:

nec ipsi debeo,

Quint. 4, 4, 6: Cal. Jan. debuit;

adhuc non solvit,

Cic. Att. 14, 18; Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 3 et saep.— Part. pres. as subst.: debentes, ium, m., debtors, Liv. 6, 27, 3; cf. Sen. Ben. 1, 4, 5.—

Pass.:

dum pecunia accipitur, quae mihi ex publica permutatione debetur,

Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 4; id. Verr. 2, 3, 82; cf.:

quam ad diem legioni frumentum deberi sciebat,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

a publicanis suae provinciae debitam biennii pecuniam exegerat,

id. B. C. 3, 31; Quint. 5, 10, 117:

quod si omnino non debetur? Quid? praetor solet judicare deberi?

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10; cf.:

quaeretur an debeatur,

Quint. 7, 1, 21 et saep.—Hence,

Dēbĭ-tum, i, n., what is owing, a debt, Cic. Att. 13, 23 fin.:

ne de bonis deminui paterentur priusquam Fundanio debitum solutum esset,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 3, § 10:

tamquam debito fraudetur,

id. Or. 53, 178:

ex quibus unum haec epistula in debitum solvet,

will pay a debt with one, Sen. Ep. 7, 10:

reddere,

to repay, Col. 10, pr. 1.

Prov.:

animan debere,

to be over head and ears in debt, Ter. Ph. 4, 3, 56 ("Graecum proverbium, kai autên tên psuchên opheilei," Don.).

Trop., to owe something, i. e. to be under obligation, both to and for something.

To owe, i. e. to be bound or under obligation to render, pay, etc., something (for syn. cf.: necesse est, oportet, cogo, decet, opus est, par est, meum, tuum... alicujus est).

In gen.

with acc.:

ego hoc tibi pro servitio debeo,

Ter. Andr. 4, 1, 51:

quo etiam majorem ei res publica gratiam debet,

Cic. Phil. 2, 11, 27; so,

gratiam,

Sall. J. 110; cf. no. b:

videris patriae hoc munus debere,

Cic. Leg. 1, 25:

si fidem debet tutor,

Quint. 5, 10, 73 (acc. to Cic. Top. 10, 42, si tutor fidem praestare debet); cf. no. b:

dies longa videtur opus debentibus,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 21:

quos mundo debes oculos,

Ov. M. 4, 197:

debueram patriae poenas odiisque meorum,

Verg. A. 10, 853; cf. Ov. M. 6, 538; id. F. 5, 648:

juvenem nil jam caelestibus ullis debentem,

Verg. A. 11, 51; cf. Sil. 15, 371: navis, quae tibi creditum Debes Vergilium finibus Atticis, Hor. Od. 1, 3, 6; Ov. M. 1, 481 sq.:

Turnum debent haec jam mihi sacra,

Verg. A. 12, 317 Wagn. N. cr.; cf. id. ib. 11, 179:

isti tibi quid homines debent?

i. e. what business have you with those men? Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 51; cf. infra b fin. —

With inf., to be bound, in duty bound to do something; I ought, must, should, etc., do it (in class. prose always in the sense of moral necessity; in the poets sometimes for necesse est):

debetis velle quae velimus,

Plaut. Am. prol. 39:

num ferre contra patriam arma illi cum Coriolano debuerunt?

Cic. Lael. 11:

multo illa gravius aestimare debere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 14 fin.:

Africam forte Tubero obtinere debebat,

id. B. C. 1, 30:

debes hoc etiam rescribere,

Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 30 et saep.:

ut agri vastari, oppida expugnari non debuerint, Caes, B. G. 1, 11: summae se iniquitatis condemnari debere, si, etc.,

id. ib. 7, 19 fin.:

scriptor... inter perfectos veteresque referri debet, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 37 (for which ib. 41: inter quos referendus erit? cf. also ultima semper Exspectanda dies homini;

dicique beatus Ante obitum nemo debet,

Ov. M. 3, 137):

ut jam nunc dicat, jam nunc debentia dici,

Hor. A. P. 43 et saep.— Poet. for necesse est, oportet, it is necessary, it must needs (so almost everywhere in Lucret.):

omnia debet enim cibus integrare novando et fulcire cibus, etc.,

Lucr. 2, 1146; 3, 188; 4, 61; 1, 232 Munro.—

Pass., to be due or owing:

Veneri jam et Libero reliquum tempus deberi arbitrabatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 11:

quanta his (sc. dis) gratia debeatur,

id. Fin. 3, 22, 73; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 9 fin.:

honores non ex merito, sed quasi debitos repetere,

Sall. J. 85, 37 et saep.:

persolvant grates dignas et praemia reddant Debita!

Verg. A. 2, 538:

debita quam sulcis committas semina,

id. G. 1, 223; Prop. 1, 6, 17; 2, 28, 60 (3, 26, 14 M.):

debitae Nymphis opifex coronae,

Hor. Od. 3, 27, 30:

calentem debita sparges lacrima favillam,

id. ib. 2, 6, 23; Prop. 3, 7, 9 (4, 6, 9 M.):

soli mihi Pallas debetur,

Verg. A. 10, 443 et saep.:

quid tibi istic debetur?

what business have you there? Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 18; id. Truc. 2, 2, 8; id. Rud. 1, 1, 34; cf. supra, a

.—Hence, Dēbĭtum, i, n., what is due, debt, duty, obligation (post-Aug. and rare):

velut omni vitae debito liberatus,

Curt. 10, 5, 3:

nepotum nutriendorum,

Val. Max. 2, 9, 1:

non secundum gratiam, sed secundum debitum,

Vulg. Rom. 4, 4; 1 Cor. 7, 3:

solvere debito,

to free from obligation, Sen. Ben. 6, 4, 1.—

Poet. (esp. in Verg.) and in post-Aug. prose like the Gr. opheilô and ophliskanô.

To owe, i. e. to be bound or destined by fate or by nature (v. Lidd. and Scott sub. opheilô, no. 3).

Act.. urbem et jam cerno Phrygios debere nepotes, i. e. are destined to found, Ov. M. 15, 444:

debet multas hic legibus aevi (i. e. fato) Ante suam mortes,

Luc. 2, 82; cf. id. 6, 530.—More usually,

pass., to be due i. e. to be destined:

cui regnum Italiae Romanaque tellus Debentur,

Verg. A. 4, 276; cf. id. ib. 3, 184; 7, 120;

145: indigetem Aeneam scis Deberi caelo,

id. ib. 12, 795:

animae, quibus altera fato Corpora debentur,

id. ib. 6, 714:

sors ista senectae Debita erat nostrae,

id. ib. 11, 166:

fatis debitus Arruns,

i. e. devoted to death, id. ib. 11, 759:

dum bello Argolici vastabant Pergama reges Debita casurasque inimicis ignibus arces,

id. ib. 8, 375 (" fataliter ad exitium destinata," Serv.); cf. so absol.:

tempora Parcae debita complerant,

id. ib. 9, 108:

morbo naturae debitum reddiderunt,

Nep. Reg. 1 fin.: DEBITVM NATVRAE PERSOLVIT, etc., Inscr. Orell. no. 3453;

and simply DEBITVM PERSOLVIT,

id. ib. no. 4482.—

So, because what one is destined by the fates to suffer is regarded as his debt (ophliskanein gelôta tini):

tu nisi ventis debes ludibrium, cave,

Hor. Od. 1, 14, 16.

To owe something to some one, to be indebted to or to have to thank one for something.

With acc.:

ut hoc summum beneficium Q. Maximo debuerim,

Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 121; so magna beneficia mihi, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 12;

qui mihi laudem illam eo minus deberet,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 3:

me paene plus tibi quam ipsi Miloni debiturum,

id. Fam. 2, 6 fin.; cf. id. Planc. 28;

and quantum cuique deberet,

Nep. Epam. 3 fin.; Plin. Pan. 30, 1 et saep.:

o cui debere salutem Confiteor,

Ov. M. 7, 164;

so vitam,

id. Pont. 4, 5, 31;

and in a like sense: se,

id. M. 7, 48; 2, 644; so,

in a bad sense, hoc quoque Tarquinio debebimus,

id. Fast. 2, 825. —

Absol., to be indebted, obliged, under obligation to one:

verum fac me multis debere, et in iis Plancio, etc.,

Cic. Planc. 28; cf.

with a clause: tibi nos debere fatemur, quod, etc.,

Ov. M. 4, 76.

To continue to owe something; i. e. to withhold, keep back:

quod praesenti tibi non tribueram, id absenti debere non potui,

Cic. Fam. 7, 19, init. —So pass.:

sic enim diximus, et tibi hoc video non posse debere,

id. Tusc. 2, 27, 67 fin.

dē-sŭesco, sŭēvi, sŭētum, 3, v. a. and n. (mostly poet., or in post-Aug. prose; in Cic. and Caes. not at all; cf., however, desuefacio).

Act., to disuse, to lay aside a custom or habit, to disaccustom, to put out of use: desuevi, ne quo ad cenam iret, Titin. ap. Non. 95, 1:

arma diu desueta,

Verg. A. 2, 509; cf.:

rem desuetam usurpare,

Liv. 3, 38:

desueta sidera cerno (i. e. quae cernere desuevi),

Ov. M. 5, 503; cf.:

voces jam mihi desuetae,

id. ib. 7, 646:

desueta verba,

id. Tr. 5, 7, 63:

in desuescendis morari,

Quint. 3, 8, 70.—With inf.:

desueto Samnite clamorem Romani exercitus pati,

Liv. 8, 38, 10.—

Neutr., to become unaccustomed, to disaccustom one's self; or in the perf., to be unaccustomed:

paullatim antiquo patrum honori,

Sil. 3, 576:

jam desueta triumphis (i. e. bellis) agmina,

Verg. A. 6, 815; cf. id. ib. 7, 693:

fera rabiem desueta,

Stat. Th. 5, 231:

desueta corda,

Verg. A. 1, 722.

dis-cerno, crēvi, crētum, 3, v. a., to separate, set apart.

Lit., to separate, part, divide (freq. since the Aug. per.):

equas, ne inter se pugnare possint,

Varr. R. R. 2, 7, 10: ordines (preceded by senatus a populo secretus), Liv. 34, 54:

lignum a carnibus,

Plin. 13, 4, 7, § 33:

Lusitaniam a Baetica,

id. 4, 21, 35, § 116:

neque mons erat, qui fines eorum discerneret,

i. e. to mark out, determine, Sall. J. 79, 3; cf. poet.:

(saxum) telas auro,

to interweave with gold, Verg. A. 4, 264; 11, 75:

haec ipsa fortuna huc illucve discernit,

divides, distributes, Cels. 7, 3.—In the part. perf., divided, separated:

duae urbes, magno inter se spatio discretae,

Liv. 27, 39 fin.; cf.:

Peraea a ceteris Judaeis Jordane amne,

Plin. 5, 14, 15, § 70:

Philippus mari tantum Ionio discretus,

Liv. 23, 33; so,

sol tanto intervallo,

Plin. 2, 11, 8, § 50:

uxor velo,

id. Ep. 4, 19, 3:

ager saxo,

Stat. Th. 5, 559:

decurias pluribus nominibus,

Plin. 33, 2, 7, § 31 et saep.— Of the hair, parted:

discretaque collo Caesaries,

Grat. Cyn. 272:

divisa discretaque tellus,

divided and separated, Lucr. 5, 1441:

tellus (opp. permixta),

id. 691:

ubi discretas insula rumpit aquas,

Ov. F. 2, 194:

sedes piorum,

set apart, retired, Hor. C. 2, 13, 23:

quae cum sint turpissima discreta ac separata, turpius junguntur,

Plin. Ep. 2, 6 fin.:

septem discretus in ostia Nilus,

Ov. M. 5, 324 (for which: septem digestum in cornua Nilum, id. ib. 9, 774); cf. Quint. 7, 1, 1.

Trop.

To separate things according to their different qualities, to distinguish between, discern (freq. and class.):

alba et atra,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 39, 114:

discernere et dispicere insidiatorem et petitum insidiis,

Liv. 40, 10:

jus et injuriam,

Tac. A. 2, 66:

probanda atque improbanda,

Quint. 2, 2, 11:

fas atque nefas,

Hor. C. 1, 18, 11 et saep.:

id quod visum erit a falso,

Cic. Ac. 2, 8, 25:

pantheras a pardis solo candore,

Plin. 8, 17, 23, § 63 et saep.:

verba discerni articulatim,

Lucr. 4, 555: suos, * Caes. B. G. 7, 75:

piceam visu,

Plin. 16, 10, 18, § 40:

temperantiam duobus modis,

Cic. Part. Or. 22, 77 et saep.:

animus discernit, quid sit ejusdem generis, quid alterius,

id. Univ. 8:

pecuniae an famae minus parceret haud facile dis cerneres,

Sall. C. 25, 3; so with an, Tac. A. 5, 6; id. H. 3, 28; Suet. Calig. 25; cf.: nec discernatur, jussu injussu imperatoris pugnent, [p. 587] Liv. 8, 34 fin. —

To determine, settle:

limes agro positus litem ut discerneret arvis,

Verg. A. 12, 898:

discerne causam meam,

Vulg. Psa. 42, 1.—

To except, omit, Amm. 14, 8, 7.—Hence, *

discernen-ter, adv., with a distinction, Cael. Aur. Tard. 1, 4, no. 81.—

discrētim, adv., separately, distinctly, App. M. 6, p. 173:

singillatim ac discretim,

id. Flor. 9, p. 347:

adoriri,

Amm. 29, 6:

tradi,

id. 28, 1; Hilar. in Psa. 138, 23.

discrīmen, ĭnis, n. [contr. from discerimen à discerno; cf. crimen from cerno], lit., that which separates or divides two things from each other (for syn. cf.: differentia, discrepantia, diversitas, distantia); hence,

Lit., an intervening space, interval, distance, division, separation:

cum (duo maria) pertenui discrimine separarentur,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87:

minimum quos inter et hostem Discrimen murus clausaque porta facit,

Ov. Pont. 1, 8, 62:

aequo discrimine,

Lucr. 5, 690; Verg. A. 5, 154:

parvum leti,

Ov. M. 7, 426; Verg. A. 9, 143:

dare discrimina costis,

i. e. to separate them, id. ib. 10, 382:

quae (sc. littera F) inter discrimina dentium efflanda est,

Quint. 12, 10, 29:

agminum,

Curt. 4, 12 fin.:

ungulae,

Col. 6, 15 fin.:

comae,

Ov. A. A. 2, 302; and in like manner poet.: telluris pectitae, i. e. furrow, Col. Poët. 10, 94; Claud. Nupt. Honor. 103:

medium luci,

Grat. Cyneg. 486.—Hence, med. t. t., the dividing membrane, the midriff, diaphragm, Cael. Aur. Tard. 2, 11, 127; 5, 10, 124 al.—

Trop. (so most frequent).

In gen., a distinction, difference: amabat omnes, nam discrimen non facit, Lucil. ap. Non. 282, 27:

iste, qui omnia jura pretio exaequasset omniumque rerum delectum atque discrimen pecunia sustulisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 50; cf.:

officia tollebantur delectu omni et discrimine remoto,

id. Fin. 4, 25, 69:

sit hoc discrimen inter gratiosos cives atque fortes, ut illi, etc.,

id. Balb. 21 fin.:

sine ullo sexus discrimine,

Suet. Calig. 8; cf.:

rapti per agros viatores sine discrimine liberi servique,

id. Aug. 32:

omisso sui alicuique discrimine,

Liv. 5, 55:

divinarum humanarumque rerum,

id. 5, 40:

recti pravique,

Quint. 12, 3, 7:

vocum,

id. 1, 5, 25; cf.

so of the different tones of the strings: septem discrimina vocum,

Verg. A. 6, 646 et saep.— Poet.:

tenues parvi discriminis umbrae,

i. e. of easy gradation, Ov. M. 6, 62. —

In partic.

With respect to disputed matters, which are to be distinguished between, and thus decided upon, the decisive point, turning-point, critical moment, determination, decision:

quoniam res in id discrimen adducta est, utrum ille poenas rei publicae luat, an nos serviamus,

to this point, Cic. Phil. 3, 11, 29; cf.:

ea res nunc in discrimine versatur, utrum... an, etc.,

id. Quint. 30, 92; Liv. 29, 17:

vicit disciplina militaris, vicit imperii majestas, quae in discrimine fuerunt, an ulla post hanc diem essent,

id. 8, 35, 4: haec et his similia haud in magno equidem ponam discrimine, shall not regard as of great moment, id. praef. §

8: postquam adesse discrimen ultimum belli animadvertit,

id. 44, 23:

instant enim (adversarii) et saepe discrimen omne committunt,

abandon the most decisive points, Quint. 6, 4, 17 et saep.— Poet.:

experiar, deus hic, discrimine aperto, An sit mortalis,

the test, Ov. M. 1, 222.—

Transf., a dangerous, decisive moment, crisis, dangerous condition; risk, danger, hazard:

in ipso discrimine periculi aliquem destituere,

Liv. 6, 17; so,

periculi,

id. 8, 24: in summo rem esse discrimine, * Caes. B. G. 6, 38, 2; cf.:

adducta est res in maximum periculum et extremum pene discrimen,

Cic. Phil. 7, 1:

salus sociorum summum in periculum ac discrimen vocatur,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 5, 12:

in extremo discrimine ac dimicatione fortunae,

id. Sull. 28:

in veteris fortunae discrimen adducitur,

id. Mur. 27, 55; cf.:

aliquem in discrimen capitis adducere,

id. Deiot. 1, 2; so,

capitis,

Quint. 11, 1, 49:

si ei subito sit allatum periculum discrimenque patriae,

Cic. Off. 1, 43, 154:

rem publicam in discrimen committere,

Liv. 8, 32; 33, 7; cf.:

fuitque dies illa tenebrarum et discriminis,

Vulg. Esth. 11, 8.

ex-cerno, crēvi, crētum, 3, v. a., to sift out, to separate (perh. not ante-Aug.).

In gen.:

furfures a farina,

Col. 8, 4, 1:

frumenta,

i. e. to cleanse, id. 2, 20, 5; cf.:

caementa cribris,

Vitr. 7, 6:

ex captorum numero excretos Saguntinos in patriam remisit,

Liv. 28, 39, 10; cf.:

excernere parvos,

Grat. Cyneg. 289:

omnem forensem turbam excretam in quatuor tribus conjecit,

Liv. 9, 46 fin.—Part. perf. subst.:

excreta tritici,

what is sifted out, the chaff, Col. 8, 4, 1; 8, 8, 6.—

In partic.

To keep apart, keep away:

multi jam excretos prohibent a matribus haedos,

Verg. G. 3, 398 Heyne and Forbig. ad loc.—

To carry off, discharge (from the body):

venter excernit mollia,

Cels. 2, 8:

quae excreturi sumus,

id. 4, 1 al.

hērēdĭtas, ātis ( gen. plur. hereditatium, Cic. Dom. 15, 35; Inscr. Orell. 107 al.;

but usu. hereditatum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 7, § 16; id. Agr. 1, 3, 8), f. [heres], heirship, inheritance.

Abstr.:

hereditas est successio in universum jus, quod defunctus habebat tempore mortis,

Dig. 50, 16, 24:

si istiusmodi mi fundus hereditate obvenerit,

Varr. R. R. 1, 12, 2; Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 4; cf.:

quoniam habes istum equum, aut emeris oportet aut hereditate possideas aut, etc.... sed neque emisti, neque hereditate venit, neque, etc.,

Cic. Inv. 1, 45, 84:

de hereditatibus,

Gai. Inst. 2, 99 sqq.; 3, 1 sqq.—

Concr., an inheritance (cf. patrimonium).

Lit.:

hereditas est pecunia, quae morte alicujus ad quempiam pervenit jure, nec ea aut legata testamento aut possessione retenta,

Cic. Top. 6, 29:

si qua mihi obtigerit hereditas magna atque luculenta,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 3, 23; cf.:

cum ejus filio hereditas a propinquo permagna venisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 10, § 27:

de hereditate ea, quae pupillo venit,

id. Inv. 2, 21, 62:

hereditates mihi negasti venire,

id. Phil. 2, 16, 40:

communem hereditatem concedere,

id. Fl. 36, 89:

mentio hereditatum... hereditatem adire,

id. Phil. 2, 16, 42:

adire hereditatem,

id. Rosc. Com. 18, 55:

obire,

id. Agr. 1, 3, 8:

cernere,

id. Att. 11, 2, 1; id. Agr. 2, 15, 40; cf.

cerno: capere ab aliquo,

id. Caecin. 35, 102:

usurpare,

Tac. A. 2, 19 fin.:

acquirere, repudiare, omittere,

Dig. 24, 3, 58:

tradere alicui,

Cic. Off. 1, 33, 121:

transmittere alicui,

Plin. Ep. 8, 18, 7:

quem nisi in via caducae hereditates retardassent,

i. e. that fall to heirs who have children, Cic. Phil. 10, 5, 11; v. caducus.—Prov.: hereditas sine sacris, i. e. a great advantage without trouble, without expense (because the maintaining of the sacred family rites was attended with great expense), Plaut. Capt. 4, 1, 8; id. Trin. 2, 4, 83; cf. Fest. p. 290 Müll.—

Trop.:

a quo quidem rei familiaris ad paucos, cupiditatum ad multos improbos venit hereditas,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 28:

hereditas hujus gloriae,

id. ib. 1, 22, 78; cf.:

optima hereditas a patribus traditur liberis omnique patrimonio praestantior gloria virtutis rerumque gestarum,

id. ib. 1, 33, 121 fin.:

paternae scientiae,

Just. 36, 2.

incrētus, a, um, Part., from incerno.

in-crētus, a, um, adj. [2. in-cretus, part. of cerno], unsifted (rare):

ac sordidi furfures,

App. M. 7, p. 194, 37.

intellectus, a, um, Part., from intellego.

intellectus, ūs, m. [intellego], a perceiving, discerning.

Lit., perception, discernment by the senses:

saporum,

Plin. 11, 37, 65, § 174:

acrimoniae,

id. 19, 8, 54, § 171:

nec est intellectus ullus in odore vel sapore,

i. e. the poison cannot be perceived either by the taste or smell, id. 11, 53, 116, § 280:

intellectus in cortice protinus peritis,

good judges know a tree by its bark, id. 16, 39, 76, § 196.—

Trop.

Understanding, comprehension:

quīs neque boni intellectus neque mali cura,

Tac. A. 6, 36:

alicujus rei intellectum amittere,

Sen. Ben. 3, 17:

capere intellectum disciplinarum,

Quint. 1, 1, 15:

intellectu consequi aliquid,

id. 2, 5, 22:

elephantis intellectus sermonis patrii,

Plin. 8, 1, 1, § 1:

nullum animal minus docile existimatur minorisve intellectus,

id. 29, 6, 34, § 106:

dissimulare intellectum insidiarum,

Tac. A. 13, 38:

intellectu carere,

to be unintelligible, Quint. 1, 1, 28:

rudis Corinthiorum,

Vell. 1, 13, 5: intellectum habere, to be understood:

hiems et ver et aestas intellectum ac vocabula habent, autumni perinde nomen ac bona ignorantur,

Tac. G. 26.—

Meaning, sense, signification of a word:

verba quaedam diversos intellectus habent, ut cerno,

Quint. 7, 9, 2:

in obscenum intellectum sermo detortus,

id. 8, 3, 44; id. 1, 7, 13.—

Knowledge of a language, understanding:

Latini sermonis intellectum habere,

Gai. Inst. 3, 93.—

Understanding, i. e. the faculty of understanding, intellect:

per analogiam nostro intellectu et honestum et bonum judicante,

Sen. Ep. 120:

in errorem intellectum inducere,

App. Dogm. Plat. 1, p. 7, 3:

intellectu carere,

to be without understanding, Dig. 29, 2, 92:

aliquem intellectum habere,... nullum intellectum habere,

Gai. Inst. 3, 109.

lĭno, lēvi (līvi), lĭtum, 3, and lĭnĭo, īvi, ītum. 4 (contr. form of the inf. perf. lisse for livisse. Spart. Hadr. 4: perf. livi, Cato, R. R. 69; Col. 12, 50, 17:

levi,

Hor. C. 1, 20, 3: lini for livi, acc. to Prisc. p. 898 P.), v. a. [Sanscr. root li-, to let go, pour; Gr. lib-, leibô; cf. Lat. libo; hence, littera, 2. limus], to daub, besmear, anoint, to spread or rub over.

Lit.:

cerā Spiramenta,

Verg. G. 4, 39:

spicula vipereo felle,

Ov. P. 1, 2, 18:

carmina linenda cedro,

Hor. A. P. 331:

Sabinum quod ego ipse testa Conditum levi (sc. pice),

which I have sealed with pitch, id. C. 1, 20, 3; cf. Liv. 21, 8, 10 Drak. N. cr.:

nam quis plura linit victuro dolia musto?

Juv. 9, 58:

picata opercula diligenter gypso linunt,

Col. 12, 16, 5:

faciem,

Juv. 6, 481:

sucis sagittas,

Sen. Med. 711: cum relego, scripsisse pudet, qui plurima cerno, Me quoque, qui feci, judice digna lini, that deserve to be rubbed out, erased (because the writing on a tablet was rubbed out with the broad end of the style), Ov. P. 1, 5, 15.—In the form linio, īre:

liquidā pice cum oleo linire,

Col. 6, 17; Pall. 4, 10, 29; Plin. 17, 28, 47, § 266:

tectoria luto cum liniuntur,

Vitr. 7, 3 fin. —

To rub over something: linere medicamenta per corpora, Ov. Med. fac. 81.—

Transf.

To overlay, cover: tecta auro, Ov. Med. fac. 7; Mart. 9, 62, 4.—

To bedaub, bemire:

linit ora luto,

Ov. F. 3, 760; Mart. 9, 22, 13.—

Trop., to befoul:

carmine foedo Splendida facta,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 237.