Перевод: со всех языков на английский

с английского на все языки

ceased+from

  • 81 puer

        puer erī, m    [3 PV-], a male child, boy, lad, young man (usu. till the age of seventeen): aliquam puero nutricem para, T.: id est semper esse puerum: laudator temporis acti Se puero, when he was a boy, H.: puerum filium regis secum adducentes, L.: doctus a puero, from a boy: ad eas artīs, quibus a pueris dediti fuimus, from boyhood: ex pueris excessit, ceased to be a child: miserande puer, i. e. Pallas, V.: semper fac puer esse velis, i. e. a bachelor, O.: de te largitor, puer, boy, T.— Plur, children: infantium puerorum incunabula: Dum pueris omnis pater pallet, H.— A little son, son: Ascanius puer, V.: Venerem et illi haerentem puerum canebat, H.: deorum pueri, H.— A boy, attendant, servant, slave: unus ex tantā familiā: Persicos odi, puer, apparatūs, H.: Cena ministratur pueris tribus, H.: pueri regii aput Macedonas, royal pages, L.
    * * *
    boy, lad, young man; servant; (male) child

    Latin-English dictionary > puer

  • 82 व्यपेत


    vy-apêta
    mfn. gone apart orﾠ asunder, separated MBh. ;

    passed away, disappeared, ceased Mn. MBh. etc.;
    (ifc.) opposed to Yājñ. ;
    - kalmasha mfn. having taint orﾠ guilt removed, free from sin Mn. IV, 260 ;
    - ghṛiṇa mfn. devoid of compassion, pitiless Amar. ;
    - dhairya mfn. one who has abandoned firmness MBh. ;
    - bhaya orﾠ - bhī mfn. free from fear ib. ;
    - mada-matsara mfn. free from infatuation andﾠ selfishness Yājñ. ;
    - harsha mfn. devoid of joy R.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > व्यपेत

  • 83 Cotton (Sea Islands)

    Sea Islands is of the famous Gossypium Barbadense variety and is the finest cotton grown, having a staple of 11/2-in. to 21/4-in. in length, fine in diameter, and regular in natural twist and length. It is clean, strong and elastic, and has a silkiness possessed by no other cotton. It was formerly grown in the islands off the coast of South Carolina, in Georgia and Florida, and the crop varied from 60,000 to 100,000 bales. Since the beginning of the present century it has declined in those districts and finally ceased in 1925. Today the British West Indies are almost the sole source of supply - A small quantity being grown in Fiji from seed procured from the West Indies. The crop now averages 4,000 to 5,000 bales per annum and is slowly increasing. The islands producing the cotton now are St. Vincent, Montserrat, St. Kitts, Nevis, Barbados, Anguilla, Antigua and the Virgin Islands.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Cotton (Sea Islands)

  • 84 Wolfram

       Deposits of the mineral wolfram or tungsten ore are found in central and northern Portugal. Essential for the war industry, for hardening steel in aircraft, tanks, small arms, artillery, and ammunition, wolfram played an unexpectedly important part in Portugal's economy and society during World War II when the belligerents sought large supplies of it. Nazi Germany had its principal supplies of wolfram in Asia, until its invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 cut off these supply routes. Thereafter, Germany sought to acquire wolfram in Spain and Portugal, which between them possessed the largest wolfram deposits in Europe.
       Wolfram had been mined in Portugal since 1900, in the mountainous Beira Alta province. As of 3 September 1939, when Portugal declared its neutrality, most of the wolfram mines were owned by British and American firms, but the post-1941 wartime demand for it had an impact on Portugal's economy, finance, and neutrality. Although the Allies could obtain most of their tungsten ore in North America, Germany came to depend on exports from wolfram mines in Portugal and Spain. To obtain more wolfram supplies, Germany arranged to purchase wolfram mines, as well as to purchase and import wolfram from mines owned by Portuguese investors. To thwart the German wolfram program, the British and Americans launched an extensive wolfram preemption program that cost more than $US1 billion during the period from 1942 to 1944.
       The booming wolfram industry had a significant, if brief, impact on the poor, rural regions where the mines were located, and there was increased income and employment. Wolfram revenues for Portugal also affected its position as a debtor to ally Britain and, by the end of the war, Britain owed Portugal more than 90 million pounds for war-related products and services. After the war, this windfall enabled Portugal to upgrade its merchant marine fleet. Complex diplomatic negotiations between Portugal and both sets of belligerents ensued, and "the wolfram question" represented a foreign policy nightmare for Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar. On 6 June 1944, Salazar came to a controversial decision about wolfram. In what was hoped to be perceived as an even-handed new policy, to satisfy both the Allies and the Axis, Portugal decreed a halt to the wolfram industry for the remainder of the war. Thus, within a few weeks, the wolfram mines were closed, and all mining, sales, and export of the mineral ceased. It was not until the 1950s that wolfram mines reopened. However, the industry gradually declined and, at present, wolfram mining and production is relatively small.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Wolfram

  • 85 Brotan, Johann

    [br]
    b. 24 June 1843 Kattau, Bohemia (now in the Czech Republic)
    d. 20 November 1923 Vienna, Austria
    [br]
    Czech engineer, pioneer of the watertube firebox for steam locomotive boilers.
    [br]
    Brotan, who was Chief Engineer of the main workshops of the Royal Austrian State Railways at Gmund, found that locomotive inner fireboxes of the usual type were both expensive, because the copper from which they were made had to be imported, and short-lived, because of corrosion resulting from the use of coal with high sulphur content. He designed a firebox of which the side and rear walls comprised rows of vertical watertubes, expanded at their lower ends into a tubular foundation ring and at the top into a longitudinal water/steam drum. This projected forward above the boiler barrel (which was of the usual firetube type, though of small diameter), to which it was connected. Copper plates were eliminated, as were firebox stays.
    The first boiler to incorporate a Brotan firebox was built at Gmund under the inventor's supervision and replaced the earlier boiler of a 0−6−0 in 1901. The increased radiantly heated surface was found to produce a boiler with very good steaming qualities, while the working pressure too could be increased, with consequent fuel economies. Further locomotives in Austria and, experimentally, elsewhere were equipped with Brotan boilers.
    Disadvantages of the boiler were the necessity of keeping the tubes clear of scale, and a degree of structural weakness. The Swiss engineer E. Deffner improved the latter aspect by eliminating the forward extension of the water/steam drum, replacing it with a large-diameter boiler barrel with the rear section of tapered wagon-top type so that the front of the water/steam drum could be joined directly to the rear tubeplate. The first locomotives to be fitted with this Brotan-Deffner boiler were two 4−6−0s for the Swiss Federal Railways in 1908 and showed very favourable results. However, steam locomotive development ceased in Switzerland a few years later in favour of electrification, but boilers of the Brotan-Deffner type and further developments of it were used in many other European countries, notably Hungary, where more than 1,000 were built. They were also used experimentally in the USA: for instance, Samuel Vauclain, as President of Baldwin Locomotive Works, sent his senior design engineer to study Hungarian experience and then had a high-powered 4−8−0 built with a watertube firebox. On stationary test this produced the very high figure of 4,515 ihp (3,370 kW), but further development work was frustrated by the trade depression commencing in 1929. In France, Gaston du Bousquet had obtained good results from experimental installations of Brotan-Deffner-type boilers, and incorporated one into one of his high-powered 4−6−4s of 1910. Experiments were terminated suddenly by his death, followed by the First World War, but thirty-five years later André Chapelon proposed using a watertube firebox to obtain the high pressure needed for a triple-expansion, high-powered, steam locomotive, development of which was overtaken by electrification.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    G.Szontagh, 1991, "Brotan and Brotan-Deffner type fireboxes and boilers applied to steam locomotives", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 62 (an authoritative account of Brotan boilers).
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Brotan, Johann

  • 86 De Forest, Lee

    [br]
    b. 26 August 1873 Council Bluffs, Iowa, USA
    d. 30 June 1961 Hollywood, California, USA
    [br]
    American electrical engineer and inventor principally known for his invention of the Audion, or triode, vacuum tube; also a pioneer of sound in the cinema.
    [br]
    De Forest was born into the family of a Congregational minister that moved to Alabama in 1879 when the father became President of a college for African-Americans; this was a position that led to the family's social ostracism by the white community. By the time he was 13 years old, De Forest was already a keen mechanical inventor, and in 1893, rejecting his father's plan for him to become a clergyman, he entered the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University. Following his first degree, he went on to study the propagation of electromagnetic waves, gaining a PhD in physics in 1899 for his thesis on the "Reflection of Hertzian Waves from the Ends of Parallel Wires", probably the first US thesis in the field of radio.
    He then joined the Western Electric Company in Chicago where he helped develop the infant technology of wireless, working his way up from a modest post in the production area to a position in the experimental laboratory. There, working alone after normal working hours, he developed a detector of electromagnetic waves based on an electrolytic device similar to that already invented by Fleming in England. Recognizing his talents, a number of financial backers enabled him to set up his own business in 1902 under the name of De Forest Wireless Telegraphy Company; he was soon demonstrating wireless telegraphy to interested parties and entering into competition with the American Marconi Company.
    Despite the failure of this company because of fraud by his partners, he continued his experiments; in 1907, by adding a third electrode, a wire mesh, between the anode and cathode of the thermionic diode invented by Fleming in 1904, he was able to produce the amplifying device now known as the triode valve and achieve a sensitivity of radio-signal reception much greater than possible with the passive carborundum and electrolytic detectors hitherto available. Patented under the name Audion, this new vacuum device was soon successfully used for experimental broadcasts of music and speech in New York and Paris. The invention of the Audion has been described as the beginning of the electronic era. Although much development work was required before its full potential was realized, the Audion opened the way to progress in all areas of sound transmission, recording and reproduction. The patent was challenged by Fleming and it was not until 1943 that De Forest's claim was finally recognized.
    Overcoming the near failure of his new company, the De Forest Radio Telephone Company, as well as unsuccessful charges of fraudulent promotion of the Audion, he continued to exploit the potential of his invention. By 1912 he had used transformer-coupling of several Audion stages to achieve high gain at radio frequencies, making long-distance communication a practical proposition, and had applied positive feedback from the Audion output anode to its input grid to realize a stable transmitter oscillator and modulator. These successes led to prolonged patent litigation with Edwin Armstrong and others, and he eventually sold the manufacturing rights, in retrospect often for a pittance.
    During the early 1920s De Forest began a fruitful association with T.W.Case, who for around ten years had been working to perfect a moving-picture sound system. De Forest claimed to have had an interest in sound films as early as 1900, and Case now began to supply him with photoelectric cells and primitive sound cameras. He eventually devised a variable-density sound-on-film system utilizing a glow-discharge modulator, the Photion. By 1926 De Forest's Phonofilm had been successfully demonstrated in over fifty theatres and this system became the basis of Movietone. Though his ideas were on the right lines, the technology was insufficiently developed and it was left to others to produce a system acceptable to the film industry. However, De Forest had played a key role in transforming the nature of the film industry; within a space of five years the production of silent films had all but ceased.
    In the following decade De Forest applied the Audion to the development of medical diathermy. Finally, after spending most of his working life as an independent inventor and entrepreneur, he worked for a time during the Second World War at the Bell Telephone Laboratories on military applications of electronics.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Institute of Electronic and Radio Engineers Medal of Honour 1922. President, Institute of Electronic and Radio Engineers 1930. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Edison Medal 1946.
    Bibliography
    1904, "Electrolytic detectors", Electrician 54:94 (describes the electrolytic detector). 1907, US patent no. 841,387 (the Audion).
    1950, Father of Radio, Chicago: WIlcox \& Follett (autobiography).
    De Forest gave his own account of the development of his sound-on-film system in a series of articles: 1923. "The Phonofilm", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 16 (May): 61–75; 1924. "Phonofilm progress", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 20:17–19; 1927, "Recent developments in the Phonofilm", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 27:64–76; 1941, "Pioneering in talking pictures", Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 36 (January): 41–9.
    Further Reading
    G.Carneal, 1930, A Conqueror of Space (biography).
    I.Levine, 1964, Electronics Pioneer, Lee De Forest (biography).
    E.I.Sponable, 1947, "Historical development of sound films", Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 48 (April): 275–303 (an authoritative account of De Forest's sound-film work, by Case's assistant).
    W.R.McLaurin, 1949, Invention and Innovation in the Radio Industry.
    C.F.Booth, 1955, "Fleming and De Forest. An appreciation", in Thermionic Valves 1904– 1954, IEE.
    V.J.Phillips, 1980, Early Radio Detectors, London: Peter Peregrinus.
    KF / JW

    Biographical history of technology > De Forest, Lee

  • 87 Lawrence, Richard Smith

    SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour
    [br]
    b. 22 November 1817 Chester, Vermont, USA
    d. 10 March 1892 Hartford, Connecticut, USA
    [br]
    American gunsmith and inventor.
    [br]
    Richard S.Lawrence received only an elementary education and as a young man worked on local farms and later in a woodworking shop. His work there included making carpenters' and joiners' tools and he spent some of his spare time in a local gunsmith's shop. After a brief period of service in the Army, he obtained employment in 1838 with N.Kendall \& Co. of Windsor, Vermont, making guns at the Windsor prison. Within six months he was put in charge of the work, continuing in this position until 1842 when the gun-making ceased; he remained at the prison for a time in charge of the carriage shop. In 1843 he opened a gun shop in Windsor in partnership with Kendall, and the next year S.E. Robbins, a businessman, helped them obtain a contract from the Federal Government for 10,000 rifles. A new company, Robbins, Kendall \& Lawrence, was formed and a factory was built at Windsor. Three years later Kendall's share of the business was purchased by his partners and the firm became Robbins \& Lawrence. Lawrence supervised the design and production and, to improve methods of manufacture, developed new machine tools with the aid of F.W. Howe. In 1850 Lawrence introduced the lubrication of bullets, which practice ensured the success of the breech-loading rifle. Also in 1850, the company undertook to manufacture railway cars, but this involved them in a considerable financial loss. The company took to the Great Exhibition of 1851 in London, England, a set of rifles built on the interchangeable system. The interest this created resulted in a visit of some members of the British Royal Small Arms Commission to America and subsequently an order for 150 machine tools, jigs and fixtures from Robbins \& Lawrence, to be installed at the small-arms factory at Enfield. In 1852 the company contracted to manufacture Sharps rifles and carbines at a new factory to be built at Hartford, Connecticut. Lawrence moved to Hartford in 1853 to superintend the building and equipment of the plant. Shortly afterwards, however, a promised order for a large number of rifles failed to materialize and, following its earlier financial difficulties, Robbins \& Lawrence was forced into bankruptcy. The Hartford plant was acquired by the Sharps Rifle Company in 1856 and Lawrence remained there as Superintendent until 1872. From then he was for many years Superintendent of Streets in the city of Hartford and he also served on the Water Board, the Board of Aldermen and as Chairman of the Fire Board.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    J.W.Roe, 1916, English and American Tool Builders, New Haven; repub. 1926, New York; and 1987, Bradley, Ill. (provides biographical information and includes in an Appendix (pp. 281–94) autobiographical notes written by Richard S.Lawrence in 1890).
    Merritt Roe Smith, 1974, "The American Precision Museum", Technology and Culture 15 (3): 413–37 (for information on Robbins \& Lawrence and products).
    RTS

    Biographical history of technology > Lawrence, Richard Smith

  • 88 Priestman, William Dent

    [br]
    b. 23 August 1847 Sutton, Hull, England
    d. 7 September 1936 Hull, England
    [br]
    English oil engine pioneer.
    [br]
    William was the second son and one of eleven children of Samuel Priestman, who had moved to Hull after retiring as a corn miller in Kirkstall, Leeds, and who in retirement had become a director of the North Eastern Railway Company. The family were strict Quakers, so William was sent to the Quaker School in Bootham, York. He left school at the age of 17 to start an engineering apprenticeship at the Humber Iron Works, but this company failed so the apprenticeship was continued with the North Eastern Railway, Gateshead. In 1869 he joined the hydraulics department of Sir William Armstrong \& Company, Newcastle upon Tyne, but after a year there his father financed him in business at a small, run down works, the Holderness Foundry, Hull. He was soon joined by his brother, Samuel, their main business being the manufacture of dredging equipment (grabs), cranes and winches. In the late 1870s William became interested in internal combustion engines. He took a sublicence to manufacture petrol engines to the patents of Eugène Etève of Paris from the British licensees, Moll and Dando. These engines operated in a similar manner to the non-compression gas engines of Lenoir. Failure to make the two-stroke version of this engine work satisfactorily forced him to pay royalties to Crossley Bros, the British licensees of the Otto four-stroke patents.
    Fear of the dangers of petrol as a fuel, reflected by the associated very high insurance premiums, led William to experiment with the use of lamp oil as an engine fuel. His first of many patents was for a vaporizer. This was in 1885, well before Ackroyd Stuart. What distinguished the Priestman engine was the provision of an air pump which pressurized the fuel tank, outlets at the top and bottom of which led to a fuel atomizer injecting continuously into a vaporizing chamber heated by the exhaust gases. A spring-loaded inlet valve connected the chamber to the atmosphere, with the inlet valve proper between the chamber and the working cylinder being camoperated. A plug valve in the fuel line and a butterfly valve at the inlet to the chamber were operated, via a linkage, by the speed governor; this is believed to be the first use of this method of control. It was found that vaporization was only partly achieved, the higher fractions of the fuel condensing on the cylinder walls. A virtue was made of this as it provided vital lubrication. A starting system had to be provided, this comprising a lamp for preheating the vaporizing chamber and a hand pump for pressurizing the fuel tank.
    Engines of 2–10 hp (1.5–7.5 kW) were exhibited to the press in 1886; of these, a vertical engine was installed in a tram car and one of the horizontals in a motor dray. In 1888, engines were shown publicly at the Royal Agricultural Show, while in 1890 two-cylinder vertical marine engines were introduced in sizes from 2 to 10 hp (1.5–7.5 kW), and later double-acting ones up to some 60 hp (45 kW). First, clutch and gearbox reversing was used, but reversing propellers were fitted later (Priestman patent of 1892). In the same year a factory was established in Philadelphia, USA, where engines in the range 5–20 hp (3.7–15 kW) were made. Construction was radically different from that of the previous ones, the bosses of the twin flywheels acting as crank discs with the main bearings on the outside.
    On independent test in 1892, a Priestman engine achieved a full-load brake thermal efficiency of some 14 per cent, a very creditable figure for a compression ratio limited to under 3:1 by detonation problems. However, efficiency at low loads fell off seriously owing to the throttle governing, and the engines were heavy, complex and expensive compared with the competition.
    Decline in sales of dredging equipment and bad debts forced the firm into insolvency in 1895 and receivers took over. A new company was formed, the brothers being excluded. However, they were able to attend board meetings, but to exert no influence. Engine activities ceased in about 1904 after over 1,000 engines had been made. It is probable that the Quaker ethics of the brothers were out of place in a business that was becoming increasingly cut-throat. William spent the rest of his long life serving others.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    C.Lyle Cummins, 1976, Internal Fire, Carnot Press.
    C.Lyle Cummins and J.D.Priestman, 1985, "William Dent Priestman, oil engine pioneer and inventor: his engine patents 1885–1901", Proceedings of the Institution of
    Mechanical Engineers 199:133.
    Anthony Harcombe, 1977, "Priestman's oil engine", Stationary Engine Magazine 42 (August).
    JB

    Biographical history of technology > Priestman, William Dent

  • 89 Vermuyden, Sir Cornelius

    SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering
    [br]
    b. c. 1590 St Maartensdijk, Zeeland, the Netherlands
    d. 4 February 1656 probably London, England
    [br]
    Dutch/British civil engineer responsible for many of the drainage and flood-protection schemes in low-lying areas of England in the seventeenth century.
    [br]
    At the beginning of the seventeenth century, several wealthy men in England joined forces as "adventurers" to put their money into land ventures. One such group was responsible for the draining of the Fens. The first need was to find engineers who were versed in the processes of land drainage, particularly when that land was at, or below, sea level. It was natural, therefore, to turn to the Netherlands to find these skilled men. Joachim Liens was one of the first of the Dutch engineers to go to England, and he started work on the Great Level; however, no real progress was made until 1621, when Cornelius Vermuyden was brought to England to assist in the work.
    Vermuyden had grown up in a district where he could see for himself the techniques of embanking and reclaiming land from the sea. He acquired a reputation of expertise in this field, and by 1621 his fame had spread to England. In that year the Thames had flooded and breached its banks near Havering and Dagenham in Essex. Vermuyden was commissioned to repair the breach and drain neighbouring marshland, with what he claimed as complete success. The Commissioners of Sewers for Essex disputed this claim and whthheld his fee, but King Charles I granted him a portion of the reclaimed land as compensation.
    In 1626 Vermuyden carried out his first scheme for drainage works as a consultant. This was the drainage of Hatfield Chase in South Yorkshire. Charles I was, in fact, Vermuyden's employer in the drainage of the Chase, and the work was undertaken as a means of raising additional rents for the Royal Exchequer. Vermuyden was himself an "adventurer" in the undertaking, putting capital into the venture and receiving the title to a considerable proportion of the drained lands. One of the important elements of his drainage designs was the principal of "washes", which were flat areas between the protective dykes and the rivers to carry flood waters, to prevent them spreading on to nearby land. Vermuyden faced bitter opposition from those whose livelihoods depended on the marshlands and who resorted to sabotage of the embankments and violence against his imported Dutch workmen to defend their rights. The work could not be completed until arbiters had ruled out on the respective rights of the parties involved. Disagreements and criticism of his engineering practices continued and he gave up his interest in Hatfield Chase. The Hatfield Chase undertaking was not a great success, although the land is now rich farmland around the river Don in Doncaster. However, the involved financial and land-ownership arrangements were the key to the granting of a knighthood to Cornelius Vermuyden in January 1628, and in 1630 he purchased 4,000 acres of low-lying land on Sedgemoor in Somerset.
    In 1629 Vermuyden embarked on his most important work, that of draining the Great Level in the fenlands of East Anglia. Francis Russell, 4th Earl of Bedford, was given charge of the work, with Vermuyden as Engineer; in this venture they were speculators and partners and were recompensed by a grant of land. The area which contains the Cambridgeshire tributaries of the Great Ouse were subject to severe and usually annual flooding. The works to contain the rivers in their flood period were important. Whilst the rivers were contained with the enclosed flood plain, the land beyond became highly sought-after because of the quality of the soil. The fourteen "adventurers" who eventually came into partnership with the Earl of Bedford and Vermuyden were the financiers of the scheme and also received land in accordance with their input into the scheme. In 1637 the work was claimed to be complete, but this was disputed, with Vermuyden defending himself against criticism in a pamphlet entitled Discourse Touching the Great Fennes (1638; 1642, London). In fact, much remained to be done, and after an interruption due to the Civil War the scheme was finished in 1652. Whilst the process of the Great Level works had closely involved the King, Oliver Cromwell was equally concerned over the success of the scheme. By 1655 Cornelius Vermuyden had ceased to have anything to do with the Great Level. At that stage he was asked to account for large sums granted to him to expedite the work but was unable to do so; most of his assets were seized to cover the deficiency, and from then on he subsided into obscurity and poverty.
    While Cornelius Vermuyden, as a Dutchman, was well versed in the drainage needs of his own country, he developed his skills as a hydraulic engineer in England and drained acres of derelict flooded land.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1628.
    Further Reading
    L.E.Harris, 1953, Vermuyden and the Fens, London: Cleaver Hume Press. J.Korthals-Altes, 1977, Sir Cornelius Vermuyden: The Lifework of a Great Anglo-
    Dutchman in Land-Reclamation and Drainage, New York: Alto Press.
    KM / LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Vermuyden, Sir Cornelius

  • 90 καταλείπω

    καταλείπω (s. λείπω; Hom.+) alternate form καταλιμπάνω (LXX; TestIss 6:1; ApcEsdr 3:12 p. 27, 24 Tdf.) impf. κατέλειπον; fut. καταλείψω; 1 aor. κατέλειψα (Ac 6:2; Hs 8, 3, 5 v.l.; CPR I, 102; Jos., Bell. 1, 504, Ant. 10, 277); 2 aor. κατέλιπον (on the aor. forms s. B-D-F §75; W-S. §13, 10; Rob. 348; Helbing 90f; Thackeray 234; Dssm., NB 18 [BS 190]; Crönert 234, 6; KDieterich, Untersuchungen 1898, 238; Mayser 364); pf. καταλέλοιπα LXX. Pass.: fut. καταλειφθήσομαι LXX; 1 aor. κατελείφθην; pf. 3 sg. καταλέλειπται (LXX; JosAs 4:13), inf. καταλελεῖφθαι, ptc. καταλελειμμένος (W-S. §5, 13e) ‘leave behind’.
    ① to cause to be left in a place, leave (behind)
    ⓐ of pers. τινά someone
    α. by leaving a place (Diod S 1, 55, 4; 5, 51, 4; Da 10:13; ParJer 3:12; ApcMos 31; Just., D. 2, 3 al.) καταλείψει ἄνθρωπος τὸν πατέρα κτλ. Mt 19:5; Mk 10:7; Eph 5:31 (all three Gen 2:24); Mt 16:4; 21:17. κἀκείνους κατέλιπεν αὐτοῦ Ac 18:19. κατέλιπόν σε ἐν Κρήτῃ, ἵνα Tit 1:5 v.l. (for ἀπολείπω). καταλείπω σε ἐν τῷ οἴκω μου GJs 9:3. ὁ Φῆλιξ κατέλιπεν τ. Παῦλον δεδεμένον Ac 24:27 (the ptc. as TestReub 3:14); cp. the pass. be left behind (Hippol., Ref. 7, 25, 2) 25:14.—Elsewh. the pass. has the mng. remain behind (X., An. 5, 6, 12) J 8:9. ἐν Ἀθήναις 1 Th 3:1.
    β. by dying leave (behind) (Hom. et al.; oft. pap and LXX) γυναῖκα Mk 12:19. σπέρμα descendants vs. 21 (s. ἀφίημι 4). τέκνα (Dt 28:54; cp. Pr 20:7; Jos., Ant. 12, 235) Lk 20:31.
    ⓑ of things leave (behind) (s. β above) πρόβατα ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ Lk 15:4. πάντα ἐπὶ τ. γῆς everything on land 5:11 D. Of a youth fleeing fr. the police καταλιπὼν τὴν σινδόνα Mk 14:52 (Aesop, Fab. 419 P.=196 H./301 H-H.: κατέλιπε τὸν ἑαυτοῦ χιτῶνα; Gen 39:12; TestJos 8:3; cp. Mk 10:50, s. PDickerson, JBL 116, ’97, 273–89).
    ② to depart from a place, with implication of finality, leave (Dio Chrys. 30 [47], 2 τ. πατρίδα; Just., D. 60, 2 τὰ ὑπὲρ οὐρανὸν πάντα) τὴν Ναζαρά Mt 4:13. Αἴγυπτον Hb 11:27. Fig. καταλείποντες εὐθεῖαν ὁδὸν ἐπλανήθησαν 2 Pt 2:15. κ. ὁδὸν τοῦ θεοῦ ὅλως ApcPt Bodl.— Leave someth. as it is, located in its own place, of an island καταλιπόντες αὐτὴν εὐώνυμον Ac 21:3.
    ③ to cease from some activity, leave to one side, give up of vice κακίαν 2 Cl 10:1 (ParJer 8:2 τὰ ἔργα τῆς Βαβυλῶνος). W. inf. foll. to denote purpose: leave off from τοῦ φυλάσσειν τὸν πύργον cease to guard the tower Hs 9, 5, 1 of young women who appeared to have ceased guarding a certain tower.
    ④ to cause someth. to remain in existence or be left over, leave over (Alex. Aphr., Fat. 28, II 2 p. 199, 8) τὰ θηρία … ἵνα μηδὲν καταλίπωσι τῶν τοῦ σώματός μου so that they don’t leave a piece of my body IRo 4:2. Pass. remain (Jos., Bell. 4, 338 σωτηρίας ἐλπίς; Iren. 1, 16, 1 [Harv. I 158, 12]; Hippol., Ref. 7, 31, 8), specif. in the sense be incomplete, unfinished, open (X., Cyr. 2, 3, 11 μάχη; PLond III, 1171, 43 [8 B.C.]) καταλειπομένη ἐπαγγελία a promise that is still open Hb 4:1.—Leave over; see to it that someth. is left (cp. Sir 24:33) κατέλιπον ἐμαυτῷ ἑπτακισχιλίους ἄνδρας I have kept 7,000 men for myself Ro 11:4 (3 Km 19:18; here as in the Hebr. the first pers.).
    ⑤ to leave someth. with design before departing, leave behind of an inheritance (Mel., P. 49, 347–79) Hv 3, 12, 2.
    ⑥ to cause to be left to one’s own resources, leave (behind)
    ⓐ by desertion or abandonment leave behind, desert MPol 17:2 Christ (Sir 28:23 κύριον; Just., D. 8, 3 θεόν).
    ⓑ leave without help τινά w. the inf. of result (not of purpose; s. B-D-F §392, 1f; Rob. 1090, and cp. Il. 17, 151) ἡ ἀδελφή μου μόνην με κατέλιπεν διακονεῖν my sister has left me without help, so that now I must serve alone Lk 10:40 (v.l. κατέλειπεν; for κ. ἐμὲ μόνον cp. Jos., Vi. 301).
    ⑦ to set someth. aside in the interest of someth. else, leave
    ⓐ abandon ἀλήθειαν Hs 8, 9, 1.
    ⓑ give up (e.g. schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 272–74 τὴν τέχνην give up one’s trade); lose (Petosiris, Fgm. 12 ln. 22 and 120 τὸν θρόνον) πάντα Lk 5:28; cp. 1 Cl 10:2; τὴν παροικίαν τ. κόσμου τούτου 2 Cl 5:1.
    ⓒ set to one side, neglect (Ps.-X., Cyneg. 3, 10 τὰ αὑτῶν ἔργα; Dt 29:24 τ. διαθήκην; Jos., Ant. 8, 190 τ. τῶν πατρίων ἐθισμῶν φυλακήν; TestIss 6:1 τὴν ἁπλότητα) ἄμπελος ἐν φραγμῷ τινι καταλειφθεῖσα just as a vine left to itself on some fence Hs 9, 26, 4. τὸν λόγον τ. θεοῦ Ac 6:2.—DELG s.v. λίθος. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > καταλείπω

  • 91 П-365

    С ТЕХ ПОР С ТОЙ ПОРЫ PrepP these forms only adv fixed WO
    beginning with the specified moment or period of time
    ever since
    since then (that time etc) from then (that time etc) on after that.
    (Говорящий — мул) Примерно через месяц рана на моей спине совсем зажила, и старик мой оседлал меня и поехал в село Атары. С тех пор мы с ним неразлучны... (Искандер 3). (The speaker is a mule) After about a month, when the wound on my back had healed completely, my old man saddled me and went to the village of Atary. He and I have been inseparable ever since... (3a).
    «Ты бы подстригся, молодец», - сказал он (Шунечка) однажды. Вовус поглядел непочтительно... С тех пор он больше для Шунечки не существовал (Грекова 3). "You ought to get a haircut, young fellow," he (Shunechka) once said. Vovus looked at him scornfully.... From that time on he ceased to exist for Shunechka (3a).
    ... К осени (Прокофий) увёл на новое хозяйство сгорбленную иноземку-жену... С той поры редко видели его в хуторе, не бывал он и на майдане (Шолохов 2)....By autumn he (Prokofy) was able to take his bowed foreign wife to her new home....After that he was seldom seen in the village and never came to the village meetings (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > П-365

  • 92 С-84

    БРАТЬ/ВЗЯТЬ СВОЁ VP
    1. (subj: human
    usu. pfv) to achieve one's desired, established aim (when in conflict with another person or when struggling against adverse circumstances)
    X возьмёт своё = X will succeed (prevail, win out)
    X will get (have) his way (in limited contexts) X's turn (day, moment) will come X will get back at person Y X will take his revenge.
    «Дождались станишники (phonetic spelling = станичники) своего часа. И уж они, будьте покойны, они своё возьмут» (Максимов 3). This is just what the Cossacks have been waiting for. They'll take their revenge, don't you worry" (3a).
    2. ( subj: a noun denoting a season, natural phenomenon etc) to manifest itself fully
    X возьмёт своё = X will come into its own.
    ...Весна брала своё. Все кругом золотисто зеленело... (Тургенев 2)....Spring was coming into its own. All around him was the gold and verdure of spring... (2a).
    3. ( subj: abstr) to render its typical effect, dominate, usu. in an evident manner
    X брал свое - X was making itself felt
    X was having its way X was claiming its own X was prevailing ( usu. of old age, illness etc) X was taking its toll X was telling (on person Y) X was catching up (with person Y) (of age only) person Y was feeling his age (of disease only) X was overpowering person Y.
    Так жила тетя Маша со своими богатырскими дочерями -бедно, вольно, неряшливо. Дети и сама она питались чем попало, но могучая природа брала своё, и все они выглядели румяными, сильными, довольными (Искандер 3). Thus Aunt Masha lived with her herculean daughters-poor, free, and slovenly. The children, and she herself, lived from hand to mouth, but mighty nature had its way and all of them looked rosy, strong, and content (3a).
    «...Слышу, патер в дырочку (исповедальни) ей (девушке) назначает вечером свидание, а ведь старик - кремень, и вот пал в одно мгновение! Природа-то, правда-то природы взяла своё!» (Достоевский 2). "...I heard the priest arranging a rendezvous with her (the girl) for that evening through the hole (of the confessional booth)
    the old man was solid as a rock, but he fell in an instant! It was nature, the truth of nature, claiming its own!" (2a).
    ...Молодость брала своё: горе Наташи начало покрываться слоем впечатлений прожитой жизни, оно перестало такою мучительною болью лежать ей на сердце, начинало становиться прошедшим, и Наташа стала физически оправляться (Толстой 6)....Youth prevailed: Natasha's grief began to be submerged under the impressions of daily life and ceased to weigh so heavily on her heart, it gradually faded into the past, and she began to recover physically (6a).
    Он был уже так слаб от двенадцати (уколов), уже (врачи) качали головами над его анализами крови, - а надо было выдержать ещё столько же? Не мытьём, так катаньем болезнь брала своё (Солженицын 10). Не was so weak from the twelve (injections) he had had-already they (the doctors) were shaking their heads over his blood count-might he really have to endure the same number again? By hook or by crook the disease was overpowering him (10a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > С-84

  • 93 С-684

    ПО СУЩЕСТВУ PrepP Invar
    1. - говорить, замечание и т. п. ( adv, nonagreeing modif, or subj-compl with copula ( subj: критика, замечание etc)) (to say sth., a remark is etc) relevant, (to speak) relevantly
    to the point
    pertinent(ly) germane(ly) (a comment (question etc) that) gets to the heart of the matter apropos
    Neg не по существу - beside the point
    off the subject.
    «Переживаете, да?.. Но ведь критика была по существу» (Аксёнов 1). "You're taking it hard, aren't you?...But the criticism was very much to the point" (1a).
    2. Also: ПО СУЩЕСТВУ ГОВОРЯ
    В СУЩНОСТИ (ГОВОРИ) (sent adv (parenth)) if the basic aspects of the matter in question are considered
    in essence
    essentially in effect to (for) all intents and purposes.
    Странно, что существует на виду, так сказать, у всех стиль Толстого с его нагромождением соподчинённых придаточных предложений (вытекающие из одного «что» несколько других «что», из одного «который» несколько следующих «которых»). По существу говоря, единственно встречающийся в русской литературе по свободе и своеобразной неправильности стиль (Олеша 3). It's strange that Tolstoy's style with its piling up of coordinate clauses (several "that's" ensuing from a single "that"
    several subsequent "whiches" issuing from a single "which") exists, so to speak, in plain view of everybody. In essence, it is the only style in Russian literature characterized by freedom and by a peculiar impropriety (3a).
    3. Also: ПО СУЩЕСТВУ ГОВОРЯ
    В СУЩНОСТИ (ГОВОРИ) (sent adv (parenth)) in reality
    actually
    in (actual) fact in actuality in point of fact as a matter of fact.
    Не в первый раз уже Ирина Викторовна убеждалась в том, что Южно-Американский Вариант, по существу, перестал быть для неё вариантом... (Залыгин 1). Not for the first time it was borne in upon Irina Viktorovna that the South American Variant had in fact ceased to be a variant for her (1a).
    ...В сущности, виконт готов был стать на сторону какого угодно убеждения или догмата, если имел в виду, что за это ему перепадёт лишний четвертак (Салтыков-Щедрин 1)....In actuality the Vicomte was ready to defend any conviction or dogma whatsoever if he thought it might bring him an extra twenty-five kopecks (1a).
    В сущности, пострадал один Платон Самсонович, первый проповедник козлотура, - его снизили в должности (Искандер 4). In point of fact, the only one who suffered was Platon Sam-sonovich, the first to advocate the goat ibex: he was demoted (4a).
    В сущности говоря, разбор всякой книги нелеп и бесцелен... (Набоков 1). As a matter of fact, the analysis of any book is awkward and pointless... (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > С-684

  • 94 с тех пор

    • С ТЕХ ПОР; С ТОЙ ПОРЫ
    [PrepP; these forms only; adv; fixed WO]
    =====
    ⇒ beginning with the specified moment or period of time:
    - since then <that time etc>;
    - from then (that time etc) on;
    - after that.
         ♦ [Говорящий - мул] Примерно через месяц рана на моей спине совсем зажила, и старик мой оседлал меня и поехал в село Атары. С тех пор мы с ним неразлучны... (Искандер 3). [The speaker is a mule] After about a month, when the wound on my back had healed completely, my old man saddled me and went to the village of Atary. He and I have been inseparable ever since... (3a).
         ♦ "Ты бы подстригся, молодец", - сказал он [Шунечка] однажды. Вовус поглядел непочтительно... С тех пор он больше для Шунечки не существовал (Грекова 3). "You ought to get a haircut, young fellow," he [Shunechka] once said. Vovus looked at him scornfully.... From that time on he ceased to exist for Shunechka (3a).♦... К осени [Прокофий] увёл на новое хозяйство сгороленную иноземку-жену... С той поры редко видели его в хуторе, не бывал он и на майдане (Шолохов 2)....By autumn he [Prokofy] was able to take his bowed foreign wife to her new home....After that he was seldom seen in the village and never came to the village meetings (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > с тех пор

  • 95 с той поры

    • С ТЕХ ПОР; С ТОЙ ПОРЫ
    [PrepP; these forms only; adv; fixed WO]
    =====
    ⇒ beginning with the specified moment or period of time:
    - since then <that time etc>;
    - from then (that time etc) on;
    - after that.
         ♦ [Говорящий - мул] Примерно через месяц рана на моей спине совсем зажила, и старик мой оседлал меня и поехал в село Атары. С тех пор мы с ним неразлучны... (Искандер 3). [The speaker is a mule] After about a month, when the wound on my back had healed completely, my old man saddled me and went to the village of Atary. He and I have been inseparable ever since... (3a).
         ♦ "Ты бы подстригся, молодец", - сказал он [Шунечка] однажды. Вовус поглядел непочтительно... С тех пор он больше для Шунечки не существовал (Грекова 3). "You ought to get a haircut, young fellow," he [Shunechka] once said. Vovus looked at him scornfully.... From that time on he ceased to exist for Shunechka (3a).♦... К осени [Прокофий] увёл на новое хозяйство сгороленную иноземку-жену... С той поры редко видели его в хуторе, не бывал он и на майдане (Шолохов 2)....By autumn he [Prokofy] was able to take his bowed foreign wife to her new home....After that he was seldom seen in the village and never came to the village meetings (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > с той поры

  • 96 брать свое

    • БРАТЬ/ВЗЯТЬ СВОЕ
    [VP]
    =====
    1. [subj: human; usu. pfv]
    ⇒ to achieve one's desired, established aim (when in conflict with another person or when struggling against adverse circumstances):
    - X возьмёт своё≈ X will succeed (prevail, win out);
    - [in limited contexts] X's turn (day, moment) will come;
    - X will take his revenge.
         ♦ "Дождались станишники [phonetic spelling = станичники] своего часа. И уж они, будьте покойны, они своё возьмут" (Максимов 3). "This is just what the Cossacks have been waiting for. They'll take their revenge, don't you worry" (3a).
    2. [subj: a noun denoting a season, natural phenomenon etc]
    ⇒ to manifest itself fully:
    - X возьмёт своё≈ X will come into its own.
         ♦...Весна брала своё. Все кругом золотисто зеленело... (Тургенев 2)....Spring was coming into its own. All around him was the gold and verdure of spring... (2a).
    3. [subj: abstr]
    ⇒ to render its typical effect, dominate, usu. in an evident manner:
    - X брал свое≈ X was making itself felt;
    - [usu. of old age, illness etc] X was taking its toll;
    - [of disease only] X was overpowering person Y.
         ♦ Так жила тетя Маша со своими богатырскими дочерями - бедно, вольно, неряшливо. Дети и сама она питались чем попало, но могучая природа брала своё, и все они выглядели румяными, сильными, довольными (Искандер 3). Thus Aunt Masha lived with her herculean daughters-poor, free, and slovenly. The children, and she herself, lived from hand to mouth, but mighty nature had its way and all of them looked rosy, strong, and content (3a).
         ♦ "...Слышу, патер в дырочку [исповедальни] ей [девушке] назначает вечером свидание, а ведь старик - кремень, и вот пал в одно мгновение! Природа-то, правда-то природы взяла своё!" (Достоевский 2). "...I heard the priest arranging a rendezvous with her [the girl] for that evening through the hole [of the confessional booth]; the old man was solid as a rock, but he fell in an instant! It was nature, the truth of nature, claiming its own!" (2a).
         ♦...Молодость брала своё: горе Наташи начало покрываться слоем впечатлений прожитой жизни, оно перестало такою мучительною болью лежать ей на сердце, начинало становиться прошедшим, и Наташа стала физически оправляться (Толстой 6)....Youth prevailed: Natasha's grief began to be submerged under the impressions of daily life and ceased to weigh so heavily on her heart; it gradually faded into the past, and she began to recover physically (6a).
         ♦ Он был уже так слаб от двенадцати [уколов], уже [врачи] качали головами над его анализами крови, - а надо было выдержать ещё столько же? Не мытьём, так катаньем болезнь брала своё (Солженицын 10). He was so weak from the twelve [injections] he had had-already they [the doctors] were shaking their heads over his blood count-might he really have to endure the same number again? By hook or by crook the disease was overpowering him (10a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > брать свое

  • 97 взять свое

    • БРАТЬ/ВЗЯТЬ СВОЕ
    [VP]
    =====
    1. [subj: human; usu. pfv]
    ⇒ to achieve one's desired, established aim (when in conflict with another person or when struggling against adverse circumstances):
    - X возьмёт своё≈ X will succeed (prevail, win out);
    - [in limited contexts] X's turn (day, moment) will come;
    - X will take his revenge.
         ♦ "Дождались станишники [phonetic spelling = станичники] своего часа. И уж они, будьте покойны, они своё возьмут" (Максимов 3). "This is just what the Cossacks have been waiting for. They'll take their revenge, don't you worry" (3a).
    2. [subj: a noun denoting a season, natural phenomenon etc]
    ⇒ to manifest itself fully:
    - X возьмёт своё≈ X will come into its own.
         ♦...Весна брала своё. Все кругом золотисто зеленело... (Тургенев 2)....Spring was coming into its own. All around him was the gold and verdure of spring... (2a).
    3. [subj: abstr]
    ⇒ to render its typical effect, dominate, usu. in an evident manner:
    - X брал свое≈ X was making itself felt;
    - [usu. of old age, illness etc] X was taking its toll;
    - [of disease only] X was overpowering person Y.
         ♦ Так жила тетя Маша со своими богатырскими дочерями - бедно, вольно, неряшливо. Дети и сама она питались чем попало, но могучая природа брала своё, и все они выглядели румяными, сильными, довольными (Искандер 3). Thus Aunt Masha lived with her herculean daughters-poor, free, and slovenly. The children, and she herself, lived from hand to mouth, but mighty nature had its way and all of them looked rosy, strong, and content (3a).
         ♦ "...Слышу, патер в дырочку [исповедальни] ей [девушке] назначает вечером свидание, а ведь старик - кремень, и вот пал в одно мгновение! Природа-то, правда-то природы взяла своё!" (Достоевский 2). "...I heard the priest arranging a rendezvous with her [the girl] for that evening through the hole [of the confessional booth]; the old man was solid as a rock, but he fell in an instant! It was nature, the truth of nature, claiming its own!" (2a).
         ♦...Молодость брала своё: горе Наташи начало покрываться слоем впечатлений прожитой жизни, оно перестало такою мучительною болью лежать ей на сердце, начинало становиться прошедшим, и Наташа стала физически оправляться (Толстой 6)....Youth prevailed: Natasha's grief began to be submerged under the impressions of daily life and ceased to weigh so heavily on her heart; it gradually faded into the past, and she began to recover physically (6a).
         ♦ Он был уже так слаб от двенадцати [уколов], уже [врачи] качали головами над его анализами крови, - а надо было выдержать ещё столько же? Не мытьём, так катаньем болезнь брала своё (Солженицын 10). He was so weak from the twelve [injections] he had had-already they [the doctors] were shaking their heads over his blood count-might he really have to endure the same number again? By hook or by crook the disease was overpowering him (10a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > взять свое

  • 98 в сущности

    [PrepP; Invar]
    =====
    1. в сущности говорить, замечание и т.п. [adv, nonagreeing modif, or subj-compl with copula (subj: критика, замечание etc)]
    ⇒ (to say sth., a remark is etc) relevant, (to speak) relevantly:
    - (a comment (question etc) that) gets to the heart of the matter;
    || Neg не по существу≈ beside the point;
    - off the subject.
         ♦ "Переживаете, да?.. Но ведь критика была по существу" (Аксёнов 1). "You're taking it hard, aren't you?...But the criticism was very much to the point" (1a).
    2. Also: ПО СУЩЕСТВУ ГОВОРИ; В СУЩНОСТИ (ГОВОРИ) [sent adv (parenth)]
    ⇒ if the basic aspects of the matter in question are considered:
    - to (for) all intents and purposes.
         ♦ Странно, что существует на виду, так сказать, у всех стиль Толстого с его нагромождением соподчинённых придаточных предложений (вытекающие из одного " что" несколько других " что", из одного " который" несколько следующих " которых"). По существу говоря, единственно встречающийся в русской литературе по свободе и своеобразной неправильности стиль (Олеша 3). It's strange that Tolstoy's style with its piling up of coordinate clauses (several "that's" ensuing from a single "that"; several subsequent "whiches" issuing from a single "which") exists, so to speak, in plain view of everybody. In essence, it is the only style in Russian literature characterized by freedom and by a peculiar impropriety (3a).
    3. Also: ПО СУЩЕСТВУ ГОВОРЯ; В СУЩНОСТИ (ГОВОРИ) [sent adv (parenth)]
    ⇒ in reality:
    - as a matter of fact.
         ♦ Не в первый раз уже Ирина Викторовна убеждалась в том, что Южно-Американский Вариант, по существу, перестал быть для неё вариантом... (Залыгин 1). Not for the first time it was borne in upon Irina Viktorovna that the South American Variant had in fact ceased to be a variant for her (1a).
         ♦...В сущности, виконт готов был стать на сторону какого угодно убеждения или догмата, если имел в виду, что за это ему перепадёт лишний четвертак (Салтыков-Щедрин 1)....In actuality the Vicomte was ready to defend any conviction or dogma whatsoever if he thought it might bring him an extra twenty-five kopecks (1a).
         ♦ В сущности, пострадал один Платон Самсонович, первый проповедник козлотура, - его снизили в должности (Искандер 4). In point of fact, the only one who suffered was Platon Samsonovich, the first to advocate the goatibex: he was demoted (4a).
         ♦ В сущности говоря, разбор всякой книги нелеп и бесцелен... (Набоков 1). As a matter of fact, the analysis of any book is awkward and pointless... (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > в сущности

  • 99 в сущности говоря

    [PrepP; Invar]
    =====
    1. в сущности говоря говорить, замечание и т.п. [adv, nonagreeing modif, or subj-compl with copula (subj: критика, замечание etc)]
    ⇒ (to say sth., a remark is etc) relevant, (to speak) relevantly:
    - (a comment (question etc) that) gets to the heart of the matter;
    || Neg не по существу≈ beside the point;
    - off the subject.
         ♦ "Переживаете, да?.. Но ведь критика была по существу" (Аксёнов 1). "You're taking it hard, aren't you?...But the criticism was very much to the point" (1a).
    2. Also: ПО СУЩЕСТВУ ГОВОРИ; В СУЩНОСТИ (ГОВОРИ) [sent adv (parenth)]
    ⇒ if the basic aspects of the matter in question are considered:
    - to (for) all intents and purposes.
         ♦ Странно, что существует на виду, так сказать, у всех стиль Толстого с его нагромождением соподчинённых придаточных предложений (вытекающие из одного " что" несколько других " что", из одного " который" несколько следующих " которых"). По существу говоря, единственно встречающийся в русской литературе по свободе и своеобразной неправильности стиль (Олеша 3). It's strange that Tolstoy's style with its piling up of coordinate clauses (several "that's" ensuing from a single "that"; several subsequent "whiches" issuing from a single "which") exists, so to speak, in plain view of everybody. In essence, it is the only style in Russian literature characterized by freedom and by a peculiar impropriety (3a).
    3. Also: ПО СУЩЕСТВУ ГОВОРЯ; В СУЩНОСТИ (ГОВОРИ) [sent adv (parenth)]
    ⇒ in reality:
    - as a matter of fact.
         ♦ Не в первый раз уже Ирина Викторовна убеждалась в том, что Южно-Американский Вариант, по существу, перестал быть для неё вариантом... (Залыгин 1). Not for the first time it was borne in upon Irina Viktorovna that the South American Variant had in fact ceased to be a variant for her (1a).
         ♦...В сущности, виконт готов был стать на сторону какого угодно убеждения или догмата, если имел в виду, что за это ему перепадёт лишний четвертак (Салтыков-Щедрин 1)....In actuality the Vicomte was ready to defend any conviction or dogma whatsoever if he thought it might bring him an extra twenty-five kopecks (1a).
         ♦ В сущности, пострадал один Платон Самсонович, первый проповедник козлотура, - его снизили в должности (Искандер 4). In point of fact, the only one who suffered was Platon Samsonovich, the first to advocate the goatibex: he was demoted (4a).
         ♦ В сущности говоря, разбор всякой книги нелеп и бесцелен... (Набоков 1). As a matter of fact, the analysis of any book is awkward and pointless... (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > в сущности говоря

  • 100 по существу

    [PrepP; Invar]
    =====
    1. по существу говорить, замечание и т.п. [adv, nonagreeing modif, or subj-compl with copula (subj: критика, замечание etc)]
    ⇒ (to say sth., a remark is etc) relevant, (to speak) relevantly:
    - (a comment (question etc) that) gets to the heart of the matter;
    || Neg не по существу≈ beside the point;
    - off the subject.
         ♦ "Переживаете, да?.. Но ведь критика была по существу" (Аксёнов 1). "You're taking it hard, aren't you?...But the criticism was very much to the point" (1a).
    2. Also: ПО СУЩЕСТВУ ГОВОРИ; В СУЩНОСТИ (ГОВОРИ) [sent adv (parenth)]
    ⇒ if the basic aspects of the matter in question are considered:
    - to (for) all intents and purposes.
         ♦ Странно, что существует на виду, так сказать, у всех стиль Толстого с его нагромождением соподчинённых придаточных предложений (вытекающие из одного " что" несколько других " что", из одного " который" несколько следующих " которых"). По существу говоря, единственно встречающийся в русской литературе по свободе и своеобразной неправильности стиль (Олеша 3). It's strange that Tolstoy's style with its piling up of coordinate clauses (several "that's" ensuing from a single "that"; several subsequent "whiches" issuing from a single "which") exists, so to speak, in plain view of everybody. In essence, it is the only style in Russian literature characterized by freedom and by a peculiar impropriety (3a).
    3. Also: ПО СУЩЕСТВУ ГОВОРЯ; В СУЩНОСТИ (ГОВОРИ) [sent adv (parenth)]
    ⇒ in reality:
    - as a matter of fact.
         ♦ Не в первый раз уже Ирина Викторовна убеждалась в том, что Южно-Американский Вариант, по существу, перестал быть для неё вариантом... (Залыгин 1). Not for the first time it was borne in upon Irina Viktorovna that the South American Variant had in fact ceased to be a variant for her (1a).
         ♦...В сущности, виконт готов был стать на сторону какого угодно убеждения или догмата, если имел в виду, что за это ему перепадёт лишний четвертак (Салтыков-Щедрин 1)....In actuality the Vicomte was ready to defend any conviction or dogma whatsoever if he thought it might bring him an extra twenty-five kopecks (1a).
         ♦ В сущности, пострадал один Платон Самсонович, первый проповедник козлотура, - его снизили в должности (Искандер 4). In point of fact, the only one who suffered was Platon Samsonovich, the first to advocate the goatibex: he was demoted (4a).
         ♦ В сущности говоря, разбор всякой книги нелеп и бесцелен... (Набоков 1). As a matter of fact, the analysis of any book is awkward and pointless... (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > по существу

Страницы

См. также в других словарях:

  • Ceased — Cease Cease (s[=e]s), v. i. [imp. & p. p. {Ceased} (s[=e]st); p. pr. & vb. n. {Ceasing}.] [OE. cessen, cesen, F. cesser, fr. L. cessare, v. intensive fr. cedere to withdraw. See {Cede}, and cf. {Cessation}.] 1. To come to an end; to stop; to… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • FROM THE DESTRUCTION TO ALEXANDER — the restoration ezra nehemiah The Restoration The destruction of the Temple constituted a double crisis. Not only were the people cast off the land but the Divine Presence departed from Jerusalem (Ezek. 10:19; 11:23). Once the city was bereft of… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Tales from the Crypt (comics) — Tales from the Crypt Cover to Tales from the Crypt #24. Art by Al Feldstein. Publication information Publisher …   Wikipedia

  • MODERN TIMES – FROM THE 1880S TO THE EARLY 21ST CENTURY — introduction effects of anti jewish discrimination in russia pogroms and mass emigration german jewry racism and antisemitism The Economic Crisis of the Early 1930s In Soviet Russia after 1917 new types of social organization contribution to… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • History of Cape Colony from 1806 to 1870 — The history of Cape Colony from 1806 to 1870 spans the period of the history of Cape Colony during the Cape Frontier Wars, also called the Kaffir Wars, which lasted from 1811 to 1858. The wars were fought between the European colonists and the… …   Wikipedia

  • Life of Joseph Smith, Jr. from 1827 to 1830 — The life of Joseph Smith, Jr. from 1827 to 1830 includes some of his life s most significant events, and some of the most important history of the Latter Day Saint movement , the Restorationist religious movement he initiated during this period.… …   Wikipedia

  • A Scientific Dissent From Darwinism — (or Dissent From Darwinism) is a statement issued in 2001 by the Discovery Institute, a conservative non profit public policy think tank based in Seattle, Washington, USA, best known for its advocacy of intelligent design. The statement expresses …   Wikipedia

  • Freedom From Religion Foundation — Abbreviation FFRF Formation 1978 Type Non prof …   Wikipedia

  • List of oracular statements from Delphi — Pythia was the priestess presiding over the Oracle of Apollo at Delphi. There are more than 500 supposed Oracular statements which have survived from various sources referring to the oracle at Delphi. Many are anecdotal, and have survived as… …   Wikipedia

  • Aliyah from Ethiopia — The Jewish aliyah from Ethiopia began during the mid 1970s, during which the majority of the Jewish Ethiopians immigrated to Israel. The eligibility of the Jewish Ethiopians to immigrate to Israel In 1973 the Israeli Ministry of Absorption… …   Wikipedia

  • Nothing comes from nothing — (Latin: ex nihilo nihil fit) is a philosophical expression of a thesis first argued by Parmenides. It is associated with ancient Greek cosmology, such as presented not just in the opus of Homer and Hesiod, but also in virtually every… …   Wikipedia

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»