-
1 back
[bæk] 1. n( of person) plecy pl; of animal grzbiet m; (of house, car, shirt) tył m; ( of hand) wierzch m; ( of chair) oparcie nt; (FOOTBALL) obrońca m2. vtcandidate popierać (poprzeć perf); ( financially) sponsorować; horse obstawiać (obstawić perf); car cofać (cofnąć perf)Phrasal Verbs:- back out- back up3. vi 4. cpd 5. advback to front — wear tył(em) na przód; know na wylot
to break the back of a job ( BRIT) — wychodzić (wyjść perf) na prostą
to take a back seat ( fig) — usuwać się (usunąć się perf) na drugi plan
* * *[bæk] 1. noun1) (in man, the part of the body from the neck to the bottom of the spine: She lay on her back.) plecy2) (in animals, the upper part of the body: She put the saddle on the horse's back.) grzbiet3) (that part of anything opposite to or furthest from the front: the back of the house; She sat at the back of the hall.) tył4) (in football, hockey etc a player who plays behind the forwards.) pomocnik2. adjective(of or at the back: the back door.) tylny3. adverb1) (to, or at, the place or person from which a person or thing came: I went back to the shop; He gave the car back to its owner.) z powrotem2) (away (from something); not near (something): Move back! Let the ambulance get to the injured man; Keep back from me or I'll hit you!) daleko, dalej3) (towards the back (of something): Sit back in your chair.) do tyłu4) (in return; in response to: When the teacher is scolding you, don't answer back.) w odpowiedzi, z powrotem5) (to, or in, the past: Think back to your childhood.) w przeszłość4. verb1) (to (cause to) move backwards: He backed (his car) out of the garage.) cofać2) (to help or support: Will you back me against the others?) popierać3) (to bet or gamble on: I backed your horse to win.) stawiać na•- backer- backbite
- backbiting
- backbone
- backbreaking
- backdate
- backfire
- background
- backhand 5. adverb(using backhand: She played the stroke backhand; She writes backhand.) bekhendem, pochyło, pochyłym pismem- backlog- back-number
- backpack
- backpacking: go backpacking
- backpacker
- backside
- backslash
- backstroke
- backup
- backwash
- backwater
- backyard
- back down
- back of
- back on to
- back out
- back up
- have one's back to the wall
- put someone's back up
- take a back seat -
2 double back
vi* * *(to turn and go back the way one came: The fox doubled back and went down a hole.) zawrócić -
3 tan
[tæn] 1. n(also: suntan) opalenizna f2. vi 3. vt 4. adjto get a tan — opalić się ( perf)
* * *[tæn] 1. past tense, past participle - tanned; verb1) (to make an animal's skin into leather (by treating it with certain substances).) garbować2) (to (cause a person's skin to) become brown in the sun: She was tanned by the sun.) opalać (się)2. noun, adjective((of) a light brown colour: tan shoes.) brązowawy3. noun(suntan tanned skin: He came back from holiday with a tan.) opalenizna- tanned- tanner
- tannery -
4 by
[baɪ] 1. prep1) (referring to cause, agent) przez +acc2) (referring to method, manner, means)to pay by cheque — płacić (zapłacić perf) czekiem
3) (via, through) przez +acc4) ( close to)5) ( past) obok +gen, koło +gen6) ( not later than) do +genby the time I got here it was too late — zanim tu dotarłem, było już za późno
7) ( amount)by the kilo/metre — na kilogramy/metry
8) ( MATH) przez +accto divide by 3 — dzielić (podzielić perf) przez 3
9) ( measure)10) ( according to) według +gen11)12)by the way — nawiasem mówiąc, à propos
this wasn't my idea by the way — nawiasem mówiąc, to nie był mój pomysł
2. advby the way, did you know Claire was back? — à propos, czy wiesz, że Claire wróciła?
2)by and by — wkrótce, niebawem
3)by and large I would agree with you — ogólnie (rzecz) biorąc, zgodziłbym się z tobą
* * *1. preposition1) (next to; near; at the side of: by the door; He sat by his sister.) obok, przy2) (past: going by the house.) obok3) (through; along; across: We came by the main road.) przez4) (used (in the passive voice) to show the person or thing which performs an action: struck by a stone.) przez5) (using: He's going to contact us by letter; We travelled by train.) przy pomocy, przez6) (from; through the means of: I met her by chance; by post.) przez7) ((of time) not later than: by 6 o'clock.) do, przed (jakimś momentem)8) (during the time of.) za9) (to the extent of: taller by ten centimetres.) o10) (used to give measurements etc: 4 metres by 2 metres.) na11) (in quantities of: fruit sold by the kilo.) na12) (in respect of: a teacher by profession.) przez, z2. adverb1) (near: They stood by and watched.) blisko2) (past: A dog ran by.) obok, niedaleko3) (aside; away: money put by for an emergency.) na bok•- bypass 3. verb(to avoid (a place) by taking such a road.) objeżdżać- bystander
- by and by
- by and large
- by oneself
- by the way -
5 come
[kʌm]1) ( movement towards) ( on foot) przychodzić (przyjść perf); ( by car etc) przyjeżdżać (przyjechać perf)3) ( reach)to come to — sięgać (sięgnąć perf) or dochodzić (dojść perf) do +gen
to come to power — obejmować (objąć perf) władzę
to come to a decision — podejmować (podjąć perf) decyzję
4) ( occur)5) (be, become)Phrasal Verbs:- come by- come in- come off- come on- come out- come to- come up* * *1. past tense - came; verb1) (to move etc towards the person speaking or writing, or towards the place being referred to by him: Come here!; Are you coming to the dance?; John has come to see me; Have any letters come for me?) przyjść2) (to become near or close to something in time or space: Christmas is coming soon.) nadchodzić3) (to happen or be situated: The letter `d' comes between `c' and è' in the alphabet.) następować4) ((often with to) to happen (by accident): How did you come to break your leg?) stawać się5) (to arrive at (a certain state etc): What are things coming to? We have come to an agreement.) dochodzić6) ((with to) (of numbers, prices etc) to amount (to): The total comes to 51.) czynić2. interjection(expressing disapproval, drawing attention etc: Come, come! That was very rude of you!) Ale ale!, Ejże!, NO no!- comer- coming
- comeback
- comedown
- come about
- come across
- come along
- come by
- come down
- come into one's own
- come off
- come on
- come out
- come round
- come to
- come to light
- come upon
- come up with
- come what may
- to come -
6 return
[rɪ'təːn] 1. n( going or coming back) powrót m; (of sth stolen, borrowed, bought) zwrot m; (from land, shares, investment) dochód m; ( tax etc) zeznanie ntin return (for) — w zamian (za +acc)
- returns2. cpdjourney, ticket powrotny; match rewanżowy3. vi4. vtif the illness/pain returns, … — jeśli wystąpi nawrót choroby/bólu, …
greetings, sentiment odwzajemniać (odwzajemnić perf); sth borrowed, stolen, bought zwracać (zwrócić perf); verdict wydawać (wydać perf); ball ( during game) odsyłać (odesłać perf); ( POL) wybierać (wybrać perf) (do parlamentu)I promise I'll return the favour some day — obiecuję, że kiedyś się odwdzięczę
Phrasal Verbs:* * *[rə'tə:n] 1. verb1) (to come or go back: He returns home tomorrow; He returned to London from Paris yesterday; The pain has returned.) (po)wrócić2) (to give, send, put etc (something) back where it came from: He returned the book to its shelf; Don't forget to return the books you borrowed.) odłożyć z powrotem, zwrócić3) (I'll return to this topic in a minute.) powrócić4) (to do (something) which has been done to oneself: She hit him and he returned the blow; He said how nice it was to see her again, and she returned the compliment.) odwzajemnić5) ((of voters) to elect (someone) to Parliament.) wybierać6) ((of a jury) to give (a verdict): The jury returned a verdict of not guilty.) ogłosić7) ((in tennis etc) to hit (a ball) back to one's opponent: She returned his serve.) odbić2. noun1) (the act of returning: On our return, we found the house had been burgled; ( also adjective) a return journey.) powrót2) (especially in United Kingdom, a round-trip ticket, a return ticket: Do you want a single or a return?) bilet powrotny•- return match
- return ticket
- by return of post
- by return
- in return for
- in return
- many happy returns of the day
- many happy returns -
7 delay
[dɪ'leɪ] 1. vtdecision etc odwlekać (odwlec perf), odkładać (odłożyć perf) (na później); person zatrzymywać (zatrzymać perf); train etc powodować (spowodować perf) opóźnienie +gen2. vizwlekać, ociągać się3. n( waiting period) opóźnienie nt, zwłoka f; ( postponement) opóźnienie ntto be delayed — person być spóźnionym; flight etc mieć opóźnienie, być opóźnionym
* * *[di'lei] 1. verb1) (to put off to another time: We have delayed publication of the book till the spring.) odkładać2) (to keep or stay back or slow down: I was delayed by the traffic.) wstrzymać (się)2. noun((something which causes) keeping back or slowing down: He came without delay; My work is subject to delays.) opóźnienie -
8 over
['əuvə(r)] 1. adv1) ( across)to cross over to the other side — przechodzić (przejść perf) na drugą stronę
to ask sb over — zapraszać (zaprosić perf) kogoś (do domu or do siebie)
over here/there — tu/tam
3) ( finished)to be over — skończyć się ( perf)
4) ( excessively) zbyt, nadmiernieshe's not over intelligent, is she? — nie jest zbyt or nadmiernie inteligentna, prawda?
5) ( remaining)6)2. prepover and over (again) — wielokrotnie, w kółko (inf)
to spread a sheet over sth — rozkładać (rozłożyć perf) na czymś prześcieradło
2) ( on the other side of) po drugiej stronie +gen; ( to the other side of) przez +acc, na drugą stronę +gen3) ( more than) ponad +accover and above — poza +instr, w dodatku do +gen
4) ( during) przez +acc, podczas +gen* * *['əuvə] 1. preposition1) (higher than; above in position, number, authority etc: Hang that picture over the fireplace; He's over 90 years old.) po(nad)2) (from one side to another, on or above the top of; on the other side of: He jumped over the gate; She fell over the cat; My friend lives over the street.) nad, na3) (covering: He put his handkerchief over his face.) na4) (across: You find people like him all over the world.) na5) (about: a quarrel over money.) o6) (by means of: He spoke to her over the telephone.) przez7) (during: Over the years, she grew to hate her husband.) przez8) (while having etc: He fell asleep over his dinner.) nad2. adverb1) (higher, moving etc above: The plane flew over about an hour ago.)2) (used to show movement, change of position: He rolled over on his back; He turned over the page.)3) (across: He went over and spoke to them.)4) (downwards: He fell over.)5) (higher in number etc: for people aged twenty and over.)6) (remaining: There are two cakes for each of us, and two over.)7) (through from beginning to end, carefully: Read it over; Talk it over between you.)3. adjective(finished: The affair is over now.) ponad, prze-4. noun((in cricket) a certain number of balls bowled from one end of the wicket: He bowled thirty overs in the match.) seria rzutów/piłek (w krykiecie)5. as part of a word1) (too (much), as in overdo.) prze-2) (in a higher position, as in overhead.) nad-3) (covering, as in overcoat.) na-4) (down from an upright position, as in overturn.) prze-5) (completely, as in overcome.) prze-•- over all
- over and done with -
9 rise
[raɪz] 1. n( incline) wzniesienie nt; ( BRIT) ( salary increase) podwyżka f; (in prices, temperature) wzrost m; ( fig)2. vi; pt rose, pp risenrise to power — dojście nt do władzy
prices, numbers rosnąć, wzrastać (wzrosnąć perf); waters, voice, level podnosić się (podnieść się perf); sun, moon wschodzić (wzejść perf); wind przybierać (przybrać perf) na sile; sound wznosić się (wznieść się perf); (from bed, knees) wstawać (wstać perf); (also: rise up) tower, building wznosić się; ( rebel) powstawać (powstać perf)to rise to power — dochodzić (dojść perf) do władzy
to give rise to — discussion, misunderstandings wywoływać (wywołać perf); ( life) dawać (dać perf) początek +dat
to rise to the occasion — stawać (stanąć perf) na wysokości zadania
* * *1. past tense - rose; verb1) (to become greater, larger, higher etc; to increase: Food prices are still rising; His temperature rose; If the river rises much more, there will be a flood; Her voice rose to a scream; Bread rises when it is baked; His spirits rose at the good news.) rosnąć, podnosić się2) (to move upwards: Smoke was rising from the chimney; The birds rose into the air; The curtain rose to reveal an empty stage.) wznosić się3) (to get up from bed: He rises every morning at six o'clock.) wstawać4) (to stand up: The children all rose when the headmaster came in.) powstać5) ((of the sun etc) to appear above the horizon: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.) wschodzić6) (to slope upwards: Hills rose in the distance; The ground rises at this point.) wznosić się7) (to rebel: The people rose (up) in revolt against the dictator.) powstać8) (to move to a higher rank, a more important position etc: He rose to the rank of colonel.) awansować9) ((of a river) to begin or appear: The Rhône rises in the Alps.) wypływać10) ((of wind) to begin; to become stronger: Don't go out in the boat - the wind has risen.) podnieść się11) (to be built: Office blocks are rising all over the town.) wyrastać12) (to come back to life: Jesus has risen.) zmartwychwstać2. noun1) ((the) act of rising: He had a rapid rise to fame; a rise in prices.) wyniesienie, zwyżka2) (an increase in salary or wages: She asked her boss for a rise.) podwyżka3) (a slope or hill: The house is just beyond the next rise.) wzniesienie4) (the beginning and early development of something: the rise of the Roman Empire.) początki, rozkwit•- rising3. adjectivethe rising sun; rising prices; the rising generation; a rising young politician.) wschodzący, rosnący, dorastający- early- late riser
- give rise to
- rise to the occasion -
10 round
[raund] 1. adj 2. n(by policeman, doctor) obchód m; (of competition, talks) runda f; ( of golf) partia f; ( of ammunition) nabój m, pocisk m; ( of drinks) kolejka f; ( of sandwiches) porcja f3. vtto round the corner — skręcać (skręcić perf) za róg
Phrasal Verbs:- round up4. prepround his neck/the table — wokół jego szyi/stołu
5. advto sail round the world — płynąć (popłynąć perf) dookoła świata
the wrong way round — odwrotnie, na odwrót
to ask sb round — zapraszać (zaprosić perf) kogoś do siebie
to go round to sb's (house) — zachodzić (zajść perf) do kogoś
to go round the back — wchodzić (wejść perf) od tyłu
to go round an obstacle — obchodzić (obejść perf) przeszkodę
round the clock — (przez) całą dobę, na okrągło (inf)
* * *1. adjective1) (shaped like a circle or globe: a round hole; a round stone; This plate isn't quite round.) okrągły2) (rather fat; plump: a round face.) pulchny2. adverb1) (in the opposite direction: He turned round.) wokół2) (in a circle: They all stood round and listened; A wheel goes round; All (the) year round.) dokoła3) (from one person to another: They passed the letter round; The news went round.) dokoła4) (from place to place: We drove round for a while.) wokoło, dokoła5) (in circumference: The tree measured two metres round.) w obwodzie6) (to a particular place, usually a person's home: Are you coming round (to our house) tonight?) do, z wizytą3. preposition1) (on all sides of: There was a wall round the garden; He looked round the room.) wokół2) (passing all sides of (and returning to the starting-place): They ran round the tree.) dookoła3) (changing direction at: He came round the corner.) zza4) (in or to all parts of: The news spread all round the town.) dookoła4. noun1) (a complete circuit: a round of drinks (= one for everyone present); a round of golf.) kolejka2) (a regular journey one takes to do one's work: a postman's round.) obchód, objazd, tura3) (a burst of cheering, shooting etc: They gave him a round of applause; The soldier fired several rounds.) salwa, seria4) (a single bullet, shell etc: five hundred rounds of ammunition.) nabój, pocisk5) (a stage in a competition etc: The winners of the first round will go through to the next.) etap, runda6) (a type of song sung by several singers singing the same tune starting in succession.) kanon5. verb(to go round: The car rounded the corner.) okrążyć- rounded- roundly
- roundness
- rounds
- all-round
- all-rounder
- roundabout 6. adjective(not direct: a roundabout route.) okrężny, dookolny- round-shouldered
- round trip
- all round
- round about
- round off
- round on
- round up -
11 when
[wɛn] 1. adv 2. conj1) kiedy, gdyshe was reading when I came in — czytała, gdy or kiedy wszedłem
on the day when I met him — w dniu, kiedy go poznałam
2) ( whereas)why did you buy that when you can't afford it? — dlaczego to kupiłaś, kiedy cię na to nie stać?
you said I was wrong when in fact I was right — powiedziałeś, że nie mam racji, podczas gdy w rzeczywistości miałem
* * *1. [wen] adverb(at what time(?): When did you arrive?; When will you see her again?; I asked him when the incident had occurred; Tell me when to jump.) kiedy2. [wən, wen] conjunction1) ((at or during) the time at which: It happened when I was abroad; When you see her, give her this message; When I've finished, I'll telephone you.) gdy, kiedy2) (in spite of the fact that; considering that: Why do you walk when you have a car?) skoro•- whence- whenever
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