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  • 101 Ford, Philip

    1900-1976
       Hijo de Francis Ford y, por tanto, sobrino de John Ford, fue actor (1916-1926) y ayudante de direccion (1928-1944) hasta que, en 1945, paso a la direccion, donde no destaco especialmente, hasta el punto de cesar en su actividad a mediados de los anos 50, despues de realizar mas de 40 peliculas, la mayor parte de ellas, westerns.
        The Wild Frontier. 1947. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Allan Lane, Jack Holt, Eddy Waller.
        Bandits of Dark Canyon. 1947. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Allan Lane, Bob Steele, Eddy Waller, Linda Johnson.
        California Firebrand. 1948. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Monte Hale, Adrian Booth, Paul Hurst.
        The Bold Frontiersman. 1948. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Allan Lane, Eddy Waller, Roy Barcroft.
        The Timber Trail. 1948. 67 minutos. Trucolor. Republic. Monte Hale, Lynne Roberts, James Burke.
        Marshal of Amarillo. 1948. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Allan Lane, Eddy Waller, Mildred Coles.
        Angel in Exile (co-d.: Allan Dwan). 1948. 90 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. John Carroll, Adele Mara, Thomas Gomez.
        Desperadoes of Dodge City. 1948. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Allan Lane, Eddy Waller, Mildred Coles.
        The Denver Kid. 1948. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Allan Lane, Eddy Waller, Peggy Wynne.
        Prince of the Plains. 1949. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Monte Hale, Paul Hurst, Shirley Davis.
        Law of the Golden West. 1949. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Monte Hale, Paul Hurst, Gail Davis.
        Outcasts of the Trail. 1949. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Monte Hale, Paul Hurst, Milt Parsons.
        The Wyoming Bandit. 1949. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Allan Lane, Eddy Waller
        South of Rio. 1949. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Monte Hale, Paul Hurst, Kay Christopher.
        San Antone Ambush. 1949. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Monte Hale, John Hurst, Bette Daniels.
        Ranger of Cherokee Strip. 1949. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Monte Hale, Paul Hurst, Alice Talton.
        Pioneer Marshal. 1949. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Monte Hale, Paul Hurst, Nan Leslie.
        Powder River Rustlers. 1949. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Allan Lane, Eddy Waller, Gerry Ganzer.
        The Vanishing Westerner. 1950. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Monte Hale, Paul Hurst. Aline Towne.
        The Old Frontier. 1950. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Monte Hale, Paul Hurst, Claudia Barrett.
        Redwood Forest Trail. 1950. 67 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Rex Allen, Jane Darwell, Jeff Donnell.
        Buckaroo Sheriff of Texas. 1951. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Michael Chapin, Eilene Janssen, James Bell.
        Wells Fargo Gunmaster. 1951. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Allan Lane, Chubby Johnson, Mary Ellen Kay, Michael Chapin.
        The Dakota Kid. 1951. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Michael Chapin, Eilene Janssen, James Bell.
        Rodeo King and the Senorita. 1951. 67 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Rex Allen, Mary Ellen Kay, Buddy Ebsen.
        Utah Wagon Train. 1951. 67 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Rex Allen, Penny Edwards, Buddy Ebsen.
        Desperadoes’ Outpost. 1952. 54 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Allan Lane, Eddy Waller, Claudia Barrett.

    English-Spanish dictionary of western films > Ford, Philip

  • 102 Friedlander, Louis

    1901-1962 (o Lew Landers)
       Louis Friedlander, o Lew Landers, es un caso notable de fecundidad filmica. Mas de 150 peliculas lo contemplan entre 1934 y 1962, ano de su muerte.
       Dirigio dramas, peliculas de aventuras, comedias, peliculas belicas y de ciencia-ficcion, de ambiente criminal y, por supuesto, westerns. Un buen punado de ellos, sobre todo filmes de serie y un par de seriales. Estamos ante un director competente que hizo todo lo que se podia hacer con el material que se ponia en sus manos. Son justamente famosas El cuervo (The Raven, 1935), con Boris Karloff, basada en el relato de Edgar Allan Poe, Blind Alibi (1938), de ambiente opresivo, y el western Bad Lands, donde hace gala de un uso preciso de los primeros planos. Estas dos ultimas peliculas son productos RKO, productora para la que Friedlander trabajo extensamente, como, por otra parte, para Universal, Columbia, Republic o PRC.
        The Red Rider. 1934. 15 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Buck Jones, Grant Whiters, Marion Shilling.
        The Rustlers of Red Dog. 1935. 231 minutos. 12 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Johnny Mack Brown, Raymond Hatton, Joyce Compton.
        Stormy (La marca de Cain). 1935. 69 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Universal. Fred Kohler, Jean Rogers.
        Border Cafe. 1937. 69 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Harry Carey, Armida.
        The Girl and the Gambler. 1939. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Leo Carrillo, Tim Holt, Steffi Duna.
        Bad Lands. 1939. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Robert Barrat, Noah Beery, Jr., Guinn Williams, Francis Ford.
        Wagons Westward (La caravana del Oeste). 1940. 70 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Chester Morris, Anita Louise, Buck Jones.
        Ridin’ on a Rainbow. 1941. 79 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Carol Adams.
        Back in the Saddle. 1941. 73 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Jacqueline Wells.
        The Singing Hill. 1941. 75 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Gene Autry, Smiley Burnette, Virginia Dale.
        Deerslayer. 193. 67 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Republic. Bruce Kellogg, Jean Parker, Larry Parks.
        Cowboy Canteen. 1944. 72 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Charles Starrett, Jane Frazee, Tex Ritter, Barbara Jo Allen.
        Swing in the Saddle. 1944. 69 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Jane Frazee, Guinn Williams, Slim Summerville.
        Black Arrow (Flecha negra) (co-d.: B. Reeves Eason). 1944. 15 capitulos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Robert Scott, Adele Jergens.
        Death Valley. 1946. 72 minutos. Cinecolor. Screen Guild. Lobert Lowery, Nat Pendleton, Helen Gilbert.
        Thunder Mountain. 1947. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Martha Hyer, Richard Martin.
        Under the Tonto Rim. 1947. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Nan Leslie, Richard Martin.
        Adventures of Gallant Bess. 1948. 71 minutos. Cinecolor. Eagle-Lion. Cameron Mitchell, Audrey Long, Fuzzy Knight.
        Stagecoach Kid. 1949. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Richard Martin, Carolyn Hugues.
        Law of the Barbary Coast. 1949. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Gloria Henry, Stephen Dunne, Adele Jergens.
        Davy Crockett, Indian Scout. 1950. 71 minutos. Blanco y Negro. UA. George Montomery, Ellen Drew, Philip Reed.
        Dynamite Pass. 1950. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. RKO. Tim Holt, Richard Martin, Lynne Roberts.
        When the Redskins Rode. 1951. 78 minutos. Supercinecolor. Columbia. Jon Hall, Mary Castle.
        California Conquest (El hidalgo). 1952. 79 minutos. Technicolor. Columbia. Cornel Wilde, Teresa Wright.
        Captain John Smith and Pocahontas. 1953. 75 minutos. Pathecolor. UA. Anthony Dexter, Jody Lawrence, Alan Hale, Jr.

    English-Spanish dictionary of western films > Friedlander, Louis

  • 103 Nigh, William

    1881-1955
       Excelente profesional de la serie B, realiza un punado de peliculas de genero de factura sumamente correcta, especialmente thrillers y filmes de accion. Trabajo siempre para pequenas productoras. En el western, retoma al celebre personaje creado por O Henry, el Cisco Kid, ahora interpretado por Gilbert Roland, el penultimo actor que lo encarno.
        Fighting Thru (El heroe de la pradera). 1930. 61 minutos. B y N. Tiffany. Ken Maynard, Jeannette Loff, Wallace MacDonald, Carmelita Geraghty.
        Without Honors. 1932. 66 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Artclass. Harry Carey, Mae Busch, George Hayes, Gibson Gowland.
        Border Devils. 1932. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Artclass. Harry Carey, Kathleen Collins, Al Smith, George Hayes.
        The Night Rider. 1932. 72 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Artclass. Harry Carey, Eleanor Fair, George Hayes, Bob Kartman.
        The Old Homestead. 1935. 73 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Liberty. Mary Carlisle, Lawrence Gray, Dorothy Lee, Willard Robertson.
        North of Nome. 1936. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Columbia. Jack Holt, Evelyn Venable, Guinn Williams.
        The Law Commands. 1937. 58 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Crescent. Tom Keene, Budd Buster, Lorraine Hayes.
        Rose of the Rio Grande (El nuevo Zorro). 1938. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. John Carroll, Movita, Lina Basquette, Antonio Moreno.
        The Gay Cavalier. 1946. 65 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Gilbert Roland, Nacho Galindo, Ramsay Ames, Martin Galarraga.
        South of Monterrey. 1946. 63 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Gilbert Roland, Marjorie Riordan, Iris Flores, Frank Yaconelli, Martin Galarraga.
        Beauty and the Bandit. 1946. 77 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Gilbert Roland, Ramsay Ames, Frank Yaconelli, Vida Aldana, Martin Galarraga.
        Riding the California Trail. 1947. 59 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Gilbert Roland, Teala Loring, Frank Yaconelli, Inez Cooper, Martin Galarraga.

    English-Spanish dictionary of western films > Nigh, William

  • 104 by

    by [baɪ]
    de côté ⇒ 1 (b) près de ⇒ 2 (a) au bord de ⇒ 2 (a) devant ⇒ 2 (b) par ⇒ 2 (c)-(f), 2 (h), 2 (o), 2 (q) à ⇒ 2 (d), 2 (p), 2 (q) en ⇒ 2 (d), 2 (q) de ⇒ 2 (g), 2 (m), 2 (n)
    ∎ she drove by without stopping elle est passée (en voiture) sans s'arrêter;
    ∎ he managed to squeeze by il a réussi à passer (en se faufilant);
    ∎ if you see him, just walk on by si tu le vois, ne t'arrête pas;
    ∎ two hours have gone by deux heures ont passé;
    ∎ as time went by he became less bitter avec le temps il est devenu moins amer
    (b) (aside, away) de côté;
    ∎ to lay or put sth by mettre qch de côté;
    ∎ she put some money by for her old age elle a mis de l'argent de côté pour ses vieux jours
    ∎ is there a bank close by? y a-t-il une banque près d'ici?;
    ∎ she sat or stood by while they operated elle est restée là pendant qu'ils opéraient;
    ∎ figurative how can you just sit or stand by while he suffers? comment peux-tu rester là sans rien faire alors qu'il souffre?;
    ∎ stand by in case of an emergency ne vous éloignez pas au cas où il y aurait une urgence
    (d) (to, at someone's home)
    ∎ I'll stop or drop by this evening je passerai ce soir;
    ∎ your mother came by this morning ta mère est passée ce matin
    (a) (near, beside) près de, à côté de;
    ∎ by a stream au bord ou près d'un ruisseau;
    ∎ by the sea au bord de la mer;
    ∎ she parked her car by the kerb elle gara sa voiture au bord du trottoir;
    ∎ come and sit by me or my side viens t'asseoir près ou auprès de moi;
    ∎ sitting by the fire assis près du feu;
    ∎ don't stand by the door ne restez pas debout près de la porte
    (b) (past) devant;
    ∎ she walked right by me elle passa juste devant moi;
    ∎ I drive by the school every day je passe (en voiture) devant l'école tous les jours
    (c) (through) par;
    ∎ she left by the back door elle est partie par la porte de derrière
    (d) (indicating means, method)
    ∎ to pay by cheque payer par chèque;
    ∎ by letter/phone par courrier/téléphone;
    ∎ to go by bus/car/plane/train aller en autobus/voiture/avion/train;
    ∎ send it by plane/ship envoyez-le par avion/bateau;
    ∎ by land/sea par (voie de) terre/mer;
    ∎ by land and sea par terre et par mer;
    ∎ it's quicker by train ça va plus vite en train;
    ∎ I know her by name/sight je la connais de nom/vue;
    ∎ literary he died by his own hand il est mort de sa propre main;
    ∎ you must wash it by hand il faut le laver à la main;
    ∎ was it made by hand/machine? a-t-il été fait à la main/machine?;
    ∎ by candlelight à la lumière d'une bougie;
    ∎ by moonlight au clair de lune;
    ∎ I can do it by myself je peux le faire (tout) seul;
    ∎ I'm all by myself tonight je suis tout seul ce soir
    ∎ it was built by the Romans il fut construit par les Romains;
    ∎ the house was surrounded by the police la police a cerné la maison;
    ∎ I was shocked by his reaction sa réaction m'a choqué;
    ∎ she had two daughters by him elle a eu deux filles de lui;
    ∎ she has a daughter by her first marriage/husband elle a une fille de son premier mariage/mari
    ∎ by chance/mistake par hasard/erreur;
    ∎ by working overtime he managed to pay off his debts en faisant des heures supplémentaires il a réussi à rembourser ses dettes;
    ∎ I'll lose by doing it j'y perdrai;
    ∎ he learned to cook by watching his mother il a appris à faire la cuisine en regardant sa mère
    ∎ a book by Toni Morrison un livre de Toni Morrison;
    ∎ a quartet by Schubert un quatuor de Schubert
    (h) (indicating part of person, thing held) par;
    ∎ carry it by the handle prends-le par la poignée;
    ∎ she took her by the hand elle l'a prise par la main;
    ∎ he seized him by the collar il l'a saisi par le col
    (i) (not later than, before)
    ∎ she'll be here by tonight/five o'clock elle sera ici avant ce soir/pour cinq heures;
    ∎ it must be done by tomorrow ça doit être fait pour demain;
    ∎ I'll have finished by Friday j'aurai fini pour vendredi;
    ∎ by the end of the 21st century illiteracy should be stamped out d'ici la fin du XXIème siècle l'analphabétisme devrait avoir disparu;
    ∎ by 1960 most Americans had television sets en 1960 la plupart des Américains avaient déjà un poste de télévision;
    ∎ by the time you read this letter I'll be in California lorsque tu liras cette lettre, je serai en Californie;
    ∎ by the time the police came the thieves had left le temps que la police arrive ou lorsque la police arriva, les voleurs étaient déjà partis;
    ∎ he should be in India by now il devrait être en Inde maintenant;
    ∎ she had already married by then à ce moment-là elle était déjà mariée
    ∎ by daylight au jour, à la lumière du jour;
    ∎ he works by night and sleeps by day il travaille la nuit et dort le jour
    (k) (according to) d'après;
    ∎ to call sb by his/her name appeler qn par son nom;
    ∎ they're rich, even by American standards ils sont riches même par rapport aux normes américaines;
    ∎ it's 6:15 by my watch il est 6 heures 15 à ou d'après ma montre;
    ∎ you can tell he's lying by the expression on his face on voit qu'il ment à l'expression de son visage
    (l) (in accordance with) selon, d'après;
    ∎ by law selon ou d'après la loi;
    ∎ Sport & figurative to play by the rules faire les choses dans les règles
    ∎ to do one's duty by sb faire son devoir envers qn;
    ∎ she's Canadian by birth elle est canadienne de naissance;
    ∎ cheerful by nature gai par nature, d'un naturel gai;
    ∎ he's an actor by trade or profession il est acteur de profession;
    ∎ familiar it's all right by me moi, je suis d'accord ou je n'ai rien contre;
    ∎ familiar if that's okay by you si ça te va, si tu es d'accord□
    (n) (indicating degree, extent) de;
    ∎ Sport she won by five points elle a gagné de cinq points;
    ∎ I missed the train by less than a minute j'ai manqué le train de moins d'une minute;
    ∎ she's older than her husband by five years elle est plus âgée que son mari de cinq ans;
    ∎ increase your income by half augmentez vos revenus de 50 pour cent;
    ∎ they overcharged me by ten percent ils m'ont compté dix pour cent en trop;
    ∎ his second book is better by far son deuxième livre est nettement meilleur
    (o) (in calculations, measurements)
    ∎ multiply/divide 12 by 6 multipliez/divisez 12 par 6;
    ∎ the room is 6 metres by 3 (metres) la pièce fait 6 mètres sur 3 (mètres)
    (p) (indicating specific amount, duration)
    ∎ to be paid by the hour/week/month être payé à l'heure/à la semaine/au mois;
    ∎ Commerce they only sell by the kilo ils ne vendent qu'au kilo;
    ∎ Commerce it sold by the thousand ça s'est vendu par milliers;
    ∎ he rents his room by the week il loue sa chambre à la semaine
    ∎ little by little peu à peu;
    ∎ day by day jour par jour, de jour en jour;
    ∎ year by year d'année en année;
    ∎ two by two deux par deux
    ∎ north by west nord-quart-nord-ouest
    literary bientôt
    à propos
    ∎ that's by the by ça n'a pas d'importance

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > by

  • 105 visit

    visit ['vɪzɪt]
    1 noun
    (a) (call) visite f;
    ∎ to pay sb a visit rendre visite à qn;
    ∎ I haven't paid a visit to the cathedral yet je n'ai pas encore visité ou je ne suis pas encore allé voir la cathédrale;
    ∎ I had a visit from your aunt last week j'ai eu la visite de ta tante la semaine dernière;
    ∎ you must pay them a return visit il faut leur rendre leur visite;
    ∎ she met him on a return visit to her home town elle l'a rencontré quand elle est retournée en visite dans sa ville natale;
    ∎ British familiar euphemism to pay a visit aller au petit coin
    (b) (stay) visite f, séjour m; (trip) voyage m, séjour m;
    ∎ she's on a visit to her aunt's elle est en visite chez sa tante;
    ∎ she's on a visit to Amsterdam elle fait un séjour à Amsterdam;
    ∎ did you enjoy your visit to California? avez-vous fait un bon séjour en Californie?;
    ∎ the President is on an official visit to Australia le président est en visite officielle en Australie;
    ∎ this is my first visit to your country c'est la première fois que je viens dans votre pays
    (c) American (chat) causette f, bavardage m
    (a) (person → go to see) rendre visite à, aller voir; (→ stay with) rendre visite à, séjourner chez;
    ∎ she went to visit her aunt in hospital elle est allée rendre visite à sa tante ou allée voir sa tante à l'hôpital;
    ∎ to visit the doctor/dentist aller voir le médecin/le dentiste, aller chez le médecin/le dentiste;
    ∎ not many people come to visit her il n'y a pas beaucoup de gens qui viennent lui rendre visite;
    ∎ to visit the sick visiter les malades;
    ∎ he's away visiting friends at the moment il séjourne chez des amis en ce moment
    (b) (museum, town) visiter, aller voir;
    ∎ in the afternoon they went to visit Pisa l'après-midi, ils sont allés voir ou visiter Pise
    (c) (inspect → place, premises) visiter, inspecter, faire une visite d'inspection à;
    ∎ Law to visit the scene of the crime se rendre sur les lieux du crime
    ∎ the sins of the fathers are visited upon their sons les fils sont punis pour les péchés de leurs pères;
    ∎ the city was visited by the plague in the 17th century la ville a été atteinte par la peste au XVIIème siècle
    être de passage;
    ∎ we're just visiting nous sommes simplement de passage
    American (call on) passer voir; (talk with) bavarder avec

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > visit

  • 106 Carlson, Chester Floyd

    [br]
    b. 8 July 1906 Seattle, Washington, USA
    d. 19 September 1968 New York, USA
    [br]
    [br]
    Carlson studied physics at the California Institute of Technology and in 1930 he took a research position at Bell Telephone Laboratories, but soon transferred to their patent department. To equip himself in this field, Carlson studied law, and in 1934 he became a patent attorney at P.R.Mallory \& Co., makers of electrical apparatus. He was struck by the difficulty in obtaining copies of documents and drawings; indeed, while still at school, he had encountered printing problems in trying to produce a newsletter for amateur chemists. He began experimenting with various light-sensitive substances, and by 1937 he had conceived the basic principles of xerography ("dry writing"), using the property of certain substances of losing an electrostatic charge when light impinges on them. His work for Mallory brought him into contact with the Battelle Memorial Institute, the world's largest non-profit research organization; their subsidiary, set up to develop promising ideas, took up Carlson's invention. Carlson received his first US patent for the process in 1940, with two more in 1942, and he assigned to Battelle exclusive patent rights in return for a share of any future proceeds. It was at Battelle that selenium was substituted as the light-sensitive material.
    In 1946 the Haloid Company of Rochester, manufacturers of photographic materials and photocopying equipment, heard of the Xerox copier and, seeing it as a possible addition to their products, took out a licence to develop it commercially. The first Xerox Copier was tested during 1949 and put on the market the following year. The process soon began to displace older methods, such as Photostat, but its full impact on the public came in 1959 with the advent of the Xerox 914 Copier. It is fair to apply the overworked word "revolution" to the change in copying methods initiated by Carlson. He became a multimillionaire from his royalties and stock holding, and in his last years he was able to indulge in philanthropic activities.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1968, New York Times, 20 September.
    R.M.Schaffert, 1954, "Developments in xerography", Penrose Annual.
    J.Jewkes, 1969, The Sources of Invention, 2nd edn, London: Macmillan, pp. 405–8.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Carlson, Chester Floyd

  • 107 Gillette, King Camp

    [br]
    b. 5 January 1855 Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, USA
    d. 9 July 1932 Los Angeles, California, USA
    [br]
    American inventor and manufacturer, inventor of the safety razor.
    [br]
    Gillette's formal education in Chicago was brought to an end when a disastrous fire destroyed all his father's possessions. Forced to fend for himself, he worked first in the hardware trade in Chicago and New York, then as a travelling salesman. Gillette inherited the family talent for invention, but found that his successful inventions barely paid for those that failed. He was advised by a previous employer, William Painter (inventor of the Crown Cork), to look around for something that could be used widely and then thrown away. In 1895 he succeeded in following that advice of inventing something which people could use and then throw away, so that they would keep coming back for more. An idea came to him while he was honing an old-fashioned razor one morning; he was struck by the fact that only a short piece of the whole length of a cutthroat razor is actually used for shaving, as well as by the potentially dangerous nature of the implement. He "rushed out to purchase some pieces of brass, some steel ribbon used for clock springs, a small hand vise and some files". He thought of using a thin steel blade sharpened on each side, placed between two plates and held firmly together by a handle. Though coming from a family of inventors, Gillette had no formal technical education and was entirely ignorant of metallurgy. For six years he sought a way of making a cheap blade from sheet steel that could be hardened, tempered and sharpened to a keen edge.
    Gillette eventually found financial supporters: Henry Sachs, a Boston lamp manufacturer; his brother-in-law Jacob Heilbron; and William Nickerson, who had a considerable talent for invention. By skilled trial and error rather than expert metallurgical knowledge, Nickerson devised ways of forming and sharpening the blades, and it was these that brought commercial success. In 1901, the American Safety Razor Company, later to be renamed the Gillette Safety Razor Company, was set up. When it started production in 1903 the company was badly in debt, and managed to sell only fifty-one razors and 168 blades; but by the end of the following year, 90,000 razors and 12.4 million blades had been sold. A sound invention coupled with shrewd promotion ensured further success, and eight plants manufacturing safety razors were established in various parts of the world. Gillette's business experiences led him into the realms of social theory about the way society should be organized. He formulated his views in a series of books published over the years 1894 to 1910. He believed that competition led to a waste of up to 90 per cent of human effort and that want and crime would be eliminated by substituting a giant trust to plan production centrally. Unfortunately, the public in America, or anywhere else for that matter, were not ready for this form of Utopia; no omniscient planners were available, and human wants and needs were too various to be supplied by a single agency. Even so, some of his ideas have found favour: air conditioning and government provision of work for the unemployed. Gillette made a fortune from his invention and retired from active participation in the business in 1913, although he remained President until 1931 and Director until his death.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    "Origin of the Gillette razor", Gillette Blade (February/March).
    Further Reading
    Obituary, 1932, New York Times (11 July).
    J.Jewkes, D.Sawers and R.Stillerman, 1958, The Sources of Invention, London: Macmillan.
    LRD / IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Gillette, King Camp

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  • California Redemption Value — (CRV) is a deposit paid on purchases of certain recyclable beverage containers in California. The consumer pays CRV on the purchase of beverages with aluminum, plastic, glass, and bimetal containers and can be reimbursed if the containers are… …   Wikipedia

  • California Proposition 90 (2006) — California Proposition 90 was a 2006 ballot initiative in the state of California, United States. Passing of the initiative would have made two changes to California law: * Eminent domain could not be used by government except to provide… …   Wikipedia

  • California Southern Law School — Not to be confused with University of Southern California (Los Angeles, CA), Southern California Institute of Law (Santa Barbara, CA), the correspondence school California Southern University (Irvine, CA), or the unaccredited institution called… …   Wikipedia

  • California — For other uses, see California (disambiguation). State of California …   Wikipedia

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