-
21 res
rēs, rei (rēi with e long; gen., Lucr. 2, 112; 548; 6, 918; dat., id. 1, 688; 2, 236; rei, gen., monosyl. at the end of the verse, Lucr. 3, 918;I.and in the middle of the verse,
id. 4, 885, and Poët. ap. Lact. 6, 6), f. [ etym. dub.; perh. root ra- of reor, ratus; cf. Germ. Ding; Engl. thing, from denken, to think; prop., that which is thought of; cf. also logos, Lid. and Scott, 9], a thing, object, being; a matter, affair, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case, etc.; and sometimes merely = something (cf.: causa, ratio, negotium).In gen.:B.unde initum primum capiat res quaeque movendi,
Lucr. 1, 383; cf. id. 1, 536:in partes res quaeque minutas Distrahitur,
id. 2, 826: summe Sol, qui omnes res inspicis, Enn. ap. Prob. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Trag. v. 321 Vahl.):versus, quos ego de Rerum Naturā pangere conor,
Lucr. 1, 25; cf. id. 1, 126; 5, 54:rerum natura creatrix,
id. 2, 1117:divinarum humanarumque rerum, tum initiorum causarumque cujusque rei cognitio,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (v. divinus):haeret haec res,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 182:profecto, ut loquor, ita res est,
id. ib. 2, 1, 19:haud mentior, resque uti facta dico,
id. ib. 2, 1, 23:de Alcumenā ut rem teneatis rectius,
id. ib. prol. 110:in tantis rebus (sc. in re publicā defendendā),
Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4 et saep.:quo Averna vocantur nomine, id ab re Impositum est, quia sunt avibus contraria cunctis,
from the nature of the thing, Lucr. 6, 740; cf. id. 6, 424; Liv. 1, 17:si res postulabit,
the condition of the case, Cic. Lael. 13, 44: scaena rei totius haec, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3:fugam in se nemo convertitur Nec recedit loco, quin statim rem gerat,
does his duty, stands his ground, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 84; so, res gerere, v. gero; hence, too, rerum scriptor, for a historian, v. scriptor, and cf. II. H. infra.—With adj. of quality, to express condition, etc.:C.illic homo a me sibi malam rem arcessit,
is bringing a bad business on himself, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 171; so,res mala,
a wretched condition, Sall. C. 20, 13; and more freq. in plur.:bonis tuis rebus meas res irrides malas,
circumstances, condition, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45; id. Rud. 3, 3, 12:res secundae,
good fortune, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30; cf. Liv. 3, 9:res prosperae,
Nep. Dion, 6, 1; id. Eum. 5, 1:in secundissimis rebus,
Cic. Off. 1, 26, 91:adversae res,
id. ib. 1, 26, 90; Hor. S. 2, 2, 136; 2, 8, 73:res belli adversae,
Liv. 10, 6:res dubiae,
Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; Liv. 2, 50; 7, 30;v. bonus, florens, salvus, adversus, dubius, novus, arduus, etc.— Freq. in curses, etc.: in malam rem,
go to the bad, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 37; id. And. 2, 1, 17:malam rem hinc ibis?
id. Eun. 3, 3, 30.—With an adj. in a periphrasis:D.abhorrens ab re uxoriā,
matrimony, Ter. And. 5, 1, 10:in arbitrio rei uxoriae,
dowry, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 61:rem divinam nisi compitalibus... ne faciat,
a religious act, act of worship, a sacrifice, Cato, R. R. 5, 4:bellicam rem administrari majores nostri nisi auspicato noluerunt,
Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76; Hor. C. 4, 3, 6:erat ei pecuaria res ampla et rustica,
Cic. Quint. 3, 12: res rustica, agriculture:rei rusticae libro primo,
Col. 11, 1, 2; id. 1, praef. §19: liber, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,
Cic. Sen. 15, 54:navalis rei certamina,
naval battles, Amm. 26, 3, 5:res militaris,
Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2:rei militaris gloria,
id. Mur. 9, 22; Nep. Milt. 8, 4:res frumentaria,
forage, Caes. B. C. 3, 16; id. B. G. 1, 23; 4, 7:armatae rei scientissimus,
Amm. 25, 4, 7:peritus aquariae rei,
id. 28, 2, 2:res judicaria,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31:res ludicra,
play, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180:uti rebus veneriis,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47; Nep. Alc. 11, 4:res Veneris,
Lucr. 2, 173; Ov. R. Am. 431; v. also familiaris, judiciaria, militaris, navalis, etc., and cf. II. G. infra. —With pronouns or adjectives, as an emphatic periphrase for the neutr.:E.ibi me inclamat Alcumena: jam ea res me horrore afficit,
this now, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16; cf.: De. Estne hoc, ut dico? Li. Rectam instas viam:Ea res est,
it is even so, id. As. 1, 1, 40:de fratre confido ita esse ut semper volui. Multa signa sunt ejus rei,
of it, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 5: quos (melittônas) alii melittotropheia appellant, eandem rem quidam mellaria. Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12:sunt ex te quae scitari volo, Quarum rerum, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 13; cf. Caes. B. G. 3, 4:quibus de rebus quoniam nobis contigit ut aliquid essemus consecuti,
Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13:quā super re interfectum esse Hippotem dixisti? Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. superescit, p. 244: resciscet Amphitruo rem omnem,
every thing, all, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 30:nulla res tam delirantes homines concinat cito,
nothing, id. Am. 2, 2, 96; cf.:neque est ulla res, in quā, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9; cf.also: sumptu ne parcas ullā in re, quod ad valetudinem opus sit,
id. Fam. 16, 4, 2:magna res principio statim bello,
a great thing, a great advantage, Liv. 31, 23 fin.:nil admirari prope res est una Solaque, quae, etc.,
the only thing, only means, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 1 et saep. — Emphatically with sup.:scilicet rerum facta est pulcherrima Roma,
the most beautiful thing in the world, Verg. G. 2, 534; Quint. 1, 12, 16 Spald. p. 81. —Of persons, etc.: est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:maxime rerum,
Ov. H. 9, 107; cf.:maxima rerum Roma,
Verg. A. 7, 602; Ov. M. 13, 508:fortissima rerum animalia,
id. ib. 12, 502:pulcherrime rerum,
id. H. 4, 125; id. A. A. 1, 213; id. M. 8, 49:dulcissime rerum,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 4.—In adverb. phrases:II.e re natā melius fieri haud potuit,
after what has happened, Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8:pro re natā,
according to circumstances, Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2; 14, 6, 1:pro tempore et pro re,
Caes. B. G. 5, 8:factis benignus pro re,
according to circumstances, Liv. 7, 33, 3; Sall. J. 50, 2:pro re pauca loquar,
Verg. A. 4, 337; Lucr. 6, 1280:ex re et ex tempore,
Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 3:e re respondi,
Cat. 10, 8.In partic.A.Pregn., an actual thing, the thing itself, reality, truth, fact; opposed to appearance, mere talk, the mere name of a thing:B.ecastor, re experior, quanti facias uxorem tuam,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 10:desiste dictis nunc jam miseram me consolari: Nisi quid re praesidium apparas, etc.,
id. Rud. 3, 3, 21: rem ipsam loqui. Ter. And. 1, 2, 31:rem fabulari,
Plaut. Trin 2, 4, 87:nihil est aliud in re,
in fact, Liv. 10, 8, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.:se ipsa res aperit,
Nep. Paus. 3, 7:ex re decerpere fructus,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 79;opp. verbum, vox, opinio, spes, nomen, etc.: rem opinor spectari oportere, non verba,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; cf.: te rogo, ut rem potiorem oratione ducas, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 5:non modo res omnes, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,
Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:qui hos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt,
id. N. D. 3, 21, 53:Peripateticos et Academicos nominibus differentes, re congruentes,
id. Ac. 2, 5, 15:quod nos honestum, illi vanum... verbis quam re probabilius vocant,
Quint. 3, 8, 22; Sen. Ep. 120, 9:eum, tametsi verbo non audeat, tamen re ipsā de maleficio suo confiteri,
id. Rosc. Am. 42, 123; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 15:vides quantum distet argumentatio tua ab re ipsā atque a veritate,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 44. — Hence, abl. sing., often strengthened by verā (sometimes as one word, reverā), in fact, really, in truth, indeed, in reality:haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā palam loquitur,
Cic. Quint. 17, 56; so,re quidem verā,
id. Clu. 19, 54; id. Sest. 7, 15:re autem verā,
id. Fam. 1, 4, 2;and simply re verā,
id. Quint. 2, 7; id. Div. 2, 54, 110; id. Balb. 3, 7:re verāque,
Lucr. 2, 48; cf.:et re verā,
indeed, in fact, Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1; Liv. 33, 11, 3; 35, 31, 12; 36, 6, 1; Nep. Ages. 2, 3; id. Phoc. 3, 3; Curt. 3, 13, 5; 4, 16, 19; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1; Just. 5, 1, 8; 12, 13, 10; Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 1.—Effects, substance, property, possessions:2.mihi Chrysalus Perdidit filium, me atque rem omnem Meam,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; cf.: Ph. Habuitne rem? Ly. Habuit. Ph. Qui eam perdidit... Mercaturamne an venales habuit, ubi rem perdidit? id. Trin. 2, 2, 49 sq.:quibus et re salvā et perditā profueram,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 27:rem talentum decem,
id. Phorm. 2, 3, 46; Juv. 3, 16:avidior ad rem,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51:rem facere,
to make money, Cic. Att. 2, 2, 12:res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,
id. Cat. 2, 5, [p. 1576] 10:qui duo patrimonia accepisset remque praeterea bonis et honestis rationibus auxisset,
id. Rab. Post. 14, 38:libertino natum patre et in tenui re,
in narrow circumstances, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 20 et saep.; v. also familiaris.— In plur.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.):privatae res,
Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5.—Hence, law t. t., whatever may be the subject of a right, whether corporeal or incorporeal (v. Sandars, Introd. to Just. Inst. p. 42 sqq.):C.res corporales,
Just. Inst. 2, 2, 1 sq.; Gai. Inst. 2, 12; Dig. 1, 8, 1:res in patrimonio, res extra patrimonium,
Just. Inst. 2, 1 pr.; Gai. Inst. 2, 1:res sanctae,
Just. Inst. 2, 1, 10; v. also mancipium, privatus, etc.—Benefit, profit, advantage, interest, weal:D.res magis quaeritur, quam, etc.,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 6:melius illi consulas quam rei tuae,
id. Cist. 1, 1, 98:haec tuā re feceris,
to your advantage, id. Capt. 2, 2, 46.— Most freq. with the prepositions in, ex, ob, ab, etc.:quasi istic minor mea res agatur quam tua,
is interested, affected, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 113 (v. ago):si in rem tuam esse videatur,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 2:vide si hoc in rem deputas,
id. ib. 3, 3, 19:quod in rem recte conducat tuam,
id. Capt. 2, 3, 26:si in remst utrique,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 14:quid mihi melius est, quid magis in rem est, quam? etc.,
useful, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 1:tamen in rem fore credens universos adpellare,
Sall. C. 20, 1:omnia quae in rem videbantur esse,
Curt. 6, 2, 21:ad conparanda ea quae in rem erant,
Liv. 30, 4, 6:imperat quae in rem sunt,
id. 26, 44, 7; 22, 3, 2:ex tuā re non est, ut ego emoriar,
for your advantage, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102: An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, to the purpose, with advantage, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41: ob rem facere, usefully, with advantage or profit, Sall. J. 31, 5: subdole blanditur, ab re Consulit blandiloquentulus, contrary to his interest, i. e. to his injury, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12 Brix ad loc.:haud id est ab re aucupis,
id. As. 1, 3, 71:haec haud ab re duxi referre,
Liv. 8, 11, 1:non ab re esse Quinctio visum est interesse, etc.,
id. 35, 32, 6; Plin. 27, 8, 35, § 57; Suet. Aug. 94; Gell. 18, 4, 6; 1, 26, 4; Macr. S. 1, 4, 19.—Cause, reason, ground, account; only in the connection eā (hac) re, and eam ob rem, adverb., therefore, on that account:E.eā re tot res sunt, ubi bene deicias,
Cato, R. R. 158, 2:hac re nequeunt ex omnibus omnia gigni, Quod, etc.,
Lucr. 1, 172; cf.:illud eā re a se esse concessum, quod, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 111:patrem exoravi, tibi ne noceat, neu quid ob eam rem succenseat,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 39; cf.:quoi rei?
for what purpose? id. As. 3, 2, 43; id. Poen. 2, 3, 3.—Hence (by uniting into one word) the causal adverbs quare and quamobrem, v. h. vv.—An affair, matter of business, business:F.cum et de societate inter se multa communicarent et de totā illā ratione atque re Gallicanā,
Cic. Quint. 4, 15:rem cum aliquo transigere,
id. Clu. 13, 39. —Hence, transf., in gen.: res alicui est cum aliquo,
to have to do with any one, Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Sest. 16, 37; id. Fam. 9, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 77; cf.:famigeratori res sit cum damno et malo,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 182 Brix ad loc.— Also without a dat.:quoniam cum senatore res est,
Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 3;esp., in mal. part.: rem habere cum aliquo or aliquā,
to have to do with any one, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 35; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 39; 58. —Ellipt.:jam biennium est, quom mecum rem coepit,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 15. —A case in law, a lawsuit, cause, suit (more gen. than causa):G.ubi res prolatae sunt,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 10:res agi,
id. Men. 4, 2, 19; id. Aul. 3, 4, 13:quibus res erat in controversiā, ea vocabatur lis,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 93; cf.(prob. in allusion to this legal form): tot homines... statuere non potuisse, utrum diem tertium an perendinum... rem an litem dici oporteret,
Cic. Mur. 12, 27; cf.also: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, etc., an ancient formula,
Liv. 1, 32:de rebus ab aliquo cognitis judicatisque dicere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118:pecunias capere ob rem judicandam,
id. Fin. 2, 16, 54:si res certabitur olim,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 27; 1, 10, 15; 1, 9, 41; id. Ep. 1, 16, 43:tractu temporis futurum, ut res pereat,
Dig. 3, 3, 12:rem differre,
ib. 43, 30, 3: res judicata dicitur, quae finem controversiarum pronuntiatione judicis accipit, ib. 42, 1, 1 et saep.—An affair, esp. a battle, campaign, military operations; in phrase rem (or res) gerere:H.res gesta virtute,
Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 66:ut res gesta est ordine narrare,
Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 3:his rebus gestis,
Caes. B. G. 5, 8:res gerere,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33:rem bene gerere,
id. ib. 1, 8, 1; Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:comminus rem gerunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 44:res gestae,
Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 7; 2, 1, 251:adversus duos simul rem gerere,
Liv. 21, 60:rem male gerere,
Nep. Them. 3, 3; Hor. S. 2, 3, 74:in relatione rerum ab Scythis gestarum,
Just. 2, 1, 1; cf.:rem agere,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 4; id. A. P. 82:ante rem,
before the battle, Liv. 4, 40:cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimant,
Nep. Pel. 1, 3; Cic. Sest. 16, 37.—Acts, events, as the subject of narration, a story, history:K.res in unam sententiam scripta,
Auct. Her. 1, 12, 20:cui lecta potenter erit res,
Hor. A. P. 40; id. S. 1, 10, 57; id. Ep. 1, 19, 29:in medias res auditorem rapere,
id. A. P. 148; 310:agitur res in scaenis,
id. ib. 179; cf.:numeros animosque secutus, non res,
id. Ep. 1, 19, 25; Phaedr. 5, 1, 12:sicut in rebus ejus (Neronis) exposuimus,
Plin. 2, 83, 85, § 199:litterae, quibus non modo res omnis, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,
Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:res populi Romani perscribere, Liv. praef. § 1: res Persicae,
history, Nep. Con. 5, 4; id. Cat. 3, 2.—Res publica, also as one word, respublica, the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic (cf. civitas); also, civil affairs, administration, or power, etc.: qui pro republicā, non pro suā obsonat, Cato ap. Ruf. 18, p. 210; cf.:2.erat tuae virtutis, in minimis tuas res ponere, de re publicā vehementius laborare,
Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3:dummodo ista privata sit calamitas et a rei publicae periculis sejungatur,
id. Cat. 1, 9; cf.:si re publicā non possis frui, stultum est nolle privatā,
id. Fam. 4, 9, 4:egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem publicam sustinere,
id. Att. 9, 7, 5 (v. publicus); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 14, 3: auguratum est, rem Romanam publicam summam fore, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45:quo utiliores rebus suis publicis essent,
Cic. Off. 1, 44, 155:commutata ratio est rei totius publicae,
id. Att. 1, 8, 4: pro republicā niti, Cato ap. Charis. p. 196 fin.:merere de republicā,
Plaut. Am. prol. 40:de re publicā disputatio... dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:oppugnare rem publicam,
id. Cael. 1, 1; id. Har. Resp. 8, 15; id. Sest. 23, 52:paene victā re publicā,
id. Fam. 12, 13, 1:delere rem publicam,
id. Sest. 15, 33; Lact. 6, 18, 28.—Esp. in the phrase e re publicā, for the good of the State, for the public benefit:senatūs consultis bene et e re publicā factis,
Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 30:ea si dicam non esse e re publicā dividi,
id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; id. Mil. 5, 14; Liv. 8, 4, 12; 25, 7, 4; 34, 34, 9; Suet. Rhet. 1 init. —Post-class. and rare, also ex republicā, Gell. 6, 3, 47; 11, 9, 1;but exque is used for euphony (class.): id eum recte atque ordine exque re publicā fecisse,
Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36; 10, 11, 26.— In plur.:eae nationes respublicas suas amiserunt, C. Gracch. ap. Fest. s. h. v. p. 286 Müll.: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum publicarum,
Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:circuitus in rebus publicis commutationum,
id. ib. 1, 29, 45 et saep.—Sometimes simply res, the State (in the poets, and since the Aug. per. in prose): unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84 (Ann. v. 313 Vahl.):L.hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam sistet,
Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.:nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse,
Liv. 21, 16; 1, 28:parva ista non contemnendo majores nostri maximam hanc rem fecerunt,
id. 6, 41 fin.:Romana,
Hor. C. S. 66; id. Ep. 1, 12, 25; Ov. M. 14, 809; Sall. C. 6, 3; cf.:ut paulo ante animum inter Fidenatem Romanamque rem ancipitem gessisti,
Liv. 1, 28 fin.:Albana,
id. 1, 6.— In plur.:res Asiae evertere,
Verg. A. 3, 1:custode rerum Caesare,
Hor. C. 4, 15, 17; cf.:res sine discordiā translatae,
Tac. H. 1, 29; so (also in Cic.), rerum potiri, v. potior. —Res novae, political changes, a revolution, etc.; v. novus. -
22 Macintosh, Charles
[br]b. 29 December 1766 Glasgow, Scotlandd. 25 July 1843 Dunchattan, near Glasgow, Scotland[br]Scottish inventor of rubberized waterproof clothing.[br]As the son of the well-known and inventive dyer George Macintosh, Charles had an early interest in chemistry. At the age of 19 he gave up his work as a clerk with a Glasgow merchant to manufacture sal ammoniac (ammonium chloride) and developed new processes in dyeing. In 1797 he started the first Scottish alum works, finding the alum in waste shale from coal mines. His first works was at Hurlet, Renfrewshire, and was followed later by others. He then formed a partnership with Charles Tennant, the proprietor of a chemical works at St Rollox, near Glasgow, and sold "lime bleaching liquor" made with chlorine and milk of lime from their bleach works at Darnley. A year later the use of dry lime to make bleaching powder, a process worked out by Macintosh, was patented. Macintosh remained associated with Tennant's St Rollox chemical works until 1814. During this time, in 1809, he had set up a yeast factory, but it failed because of opposition from the London brewers.There was a steady demand for the ammonia that gas works produced, but the tar was often looked upon as an inconvenient waste product. Macintosh bought all the ammonia and tar that the Glasgow works produced, using the ammonia in his establishment to produce cudbear, a dyestuff extracted from various lichens. Cudbear could be used with appropriate mordants to make shades from pink to blue. The tar could be distilled to produce naphtha, which was used as a flare. Macintosh also became interested in ironmaking. In 1825 he took out a patent for converting malleable iron into steel by taking it to white heat in a current of gas with a carbon content, such as coal gas. However, the process was not commercially successful because of the difficulty keeping the furnace gas-tight. In 1828 he assisted J.B. Neilson in bringing hot blast into use in blast furnaces; Neilson assigned Macintosh a share in the patent, which was of dubious benefit as it involved him in the tortuous litigation that surrounded the patent until 1843.In June 1823, as a result of experiments into the possible uses of naphtha obtained as a by-product of the distillation of coal tar, Macintosh patented his process for waterproofing fabric. This comprised dissolving rubber in naphtha and applying the solution to two pieces of cloth which were afterwards pressed together to form an impermeable compound fabric. After an experimental period in Glasgow, Macintosh commenced manufacture in Manchester, where he formed a partnership with H.H.Birley, B.Kirk and R.W.Barton. Birley was a cotton spinner and weaver and was looking for ways to extend the output of his cloth. He was amongst the first to light his mills with gas, so he shared a common interest with Macintosh.New buildings were erected for the production of waterproof cloth in 1824–5, but there were considerable teething troubles with the process, particularly in the spreading of the rubber solution onto the cloth. Peter Ewart helped to install the machinery, including a steam engine supplied by Boulton \& Watt, and the naphtha was supplied from Macintosh's works in Glasgow. It seems that the process was still giving difficulties when Thomas Hancock, the foremost rubber technologist of that time, became involved in 1830 and was made a partner in 1834. By 1836 the waterproof coat was being called a "mackintosh" [sic] and was gaining such popularity that the Manchester business was expanded with additional premises. Macintosh's business was gradually enlarged to include many other kinds of indiarubber products, such as rubber shoes and cushions.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1823.Further ReadingG.Macintosh, 1847, Memoir of Charles Macintosh, London (the fullest account of Charles Macintosh's life).T.Hancock, 1957, Narrative of the Indiarubber Manufacture, London.H.Schurer, 1953, "The macintosh: the paternity of an invention", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 28:77–87 (an account of the invention of the mackintosh).RLH / LRD -
23 Plimsoll, Samuel
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 10 February 1824 Bristol, Englandd. 8 June 1898 Folkestone, Kent, England[br]English inventor of the Plimsoll Line on ships.[br]Plimsoll was educated privately and at Dr Eadon's school in Sheffield. On leaving school he became Clerk to a solicitor and then to a brewery, where he rose to become Manager. In 1851 he acted as an honorary secretary to the Great Exhibition. Two years later he went to London and set up as a coal merchant: he published two pamphlets on the coal trade in 1862. After several unsuccessful attempts, he managed to be elected as Member of Parliament for Derby in 1868, in the Radical interest. He concerned himself with mercantile shipping and in 1870 he began his campaign to improve safety at sea, particularly by the imposition of a load-line on vessels to prevent dangerous overloading. In 1871 he introduced a resolution into the House of Commons and also a bill, the Government also having proposed one on the same subject, but strong opposition from the powerful shipping-business interest forced a withdrawal. Plimsoll published a pamphlet, Our Seamen, bitterly attacking the shipowners. This aroused public feeling and controversy, and under pressure the Government appointed a Royal Commission in 1873, under the chairmanship of the Duke of Somerset, to examine the matter. Their report did not support Plimsoll's proposal for a load-line, but that did not prevent him from bringing forward his own bill, which was narrowly defeated by only three votes. The Government then introduced its own merchant shipping bill in 1875, but it was so mauled by the Opposition that the Prime Minister, Disraeli, threatened to withdraw it. That provoked a violent protest from Plimsoll in the House, including a description of the shipowners which earned him temporary suspension from the House. He was allowed to return after an apology, but the incident served to heighten public feeling for the seamen. The Government were obliged to hustle through the Merchant Shipping Act 1876, which ensured, among other things, that ships should be marked with what has become universally known as the Plimsoll Line; Plimsoll himself became known as "The Seamen's Friend".In 1880 he relinquished his parliamentary seat at Derby, but he continued his campaign to improve conditions for seamen and to ensure that the measures in the Act were properly carried out.LRD -
24 Verlust
Verlust m 1. BANK loss; 2. GEN wastage; 3. IMP/EXP forfeiting; 4. PAT damage; 5. RW charge off; 6. RECHT loss; 7. WIWI leakage • einen Verlust abdecken FIN cover a loss • einen Verlust ausweisen RW report a loss, show a loss • einen Verlust erleiden 1. RW sustain a loss; 2. RECHT suffer loss • einen Verlust erwarten FIN expect a loss • einen Verlust erwirtschaften WIWI run a deficit • einen Verlust in Kauf nehmen BÖRSE take a loss, accept [tolerate] a loss • einen Verlust melden RW report a loss • einen Verlust tragen FIN carry a loss, stand a loss • Verlust machen 1. FIN, RW operate in the red; 2. WIWI run a deficit • Verluste einfahren FIN, RW operate in the red • Verluste hinnehmen WIWI lose out, sustain losses, suffer losses* * *m 1. < Bank> loss; 2. < Geschäft> wastage; 3. <Imp/Exp> forfeiting; 4. < Patent> damage; 5. < Rechnung> charge off; 6. < Recht> loss; 7. <Vw> leakage ■ einen Verlust abdecken < Finanz> cover a loss ■ einen Verlust ausweisen < Rechnung> report a loss, show a loss ■ einen Verlust erleiden 1. < Rechnung> sustain a loss; 2. < Recht> suffer loss ■ einen Verlust erwarten < Finanz> expect a loss ■ einen Verlust erwirtschaften <Vw> run a deficit ■ einen Verlust in Kauf nehmen < Börse> take a loss, accept/tolerate a loss ■ einen Verlust melden < Rechnung> report a loss ■ einen Verlust tragen < Finanz> carry a loss, stand a loss ■ Verlust machen 1. <Finanz, Rechnung> operate in the red; 2. <Vw> run a deficit ■ Verluste hinnehmen <Vw> lose out, sustain losses, suffer losses ■ Verluste einfahren infrml <Finanz, Rechnung> operate in the red* * *Verlust
(Abgang) wastage, (Defizit) deficit, red (US coll.), (Leckage) leakage, (Nachteil) disadvantage, detriment, (Schaden) damage, detriment, cost, (Schwund) shrinkage, (Spiel) losings, (Verderb) spoilage, waste, (Verfall) forfeiture, (Verlustgeschäft) sacrifice;
• bei Verlust under pain (with forfeiture) of;
• bei Eintritt eines Verlustes in the event (upon the occurrence) of a loss;
• in Verlust geraten lost;
• mit Verlust at a sacrifice (loss);
• nach Abschreibung aller Verluste after charging off all losses;
• ohne einen einzigen Verlust with a no-loss record;
• ohne Rücksicht auf Verluste at all risks;
• abschätzbarer Verlust estimable loss;
• steuerlich absetzbarer (abzugsfähiger) Verlust loss available for relief, deductible loss;
• steuerlich nicht absetzbarer Verlust loss not allowable;
• abzugsfähiger Verlust deductible loss;
• steuerlich anerkannter Verlust taxable loss;
• anteilsmäßiger Verlust proportional loss;
• in der Bilanz ausgewiesener Verlust loss as shown in the balance sheet;
• auf Brandstiftung beruhender Verlust incendiary loss;
• beträchtlicher Verlust severe loss;
• nicht betriebsbedingter Verlust non-trading loss;
• buchmäßiger Verlust accounting (book) loss;
• drohender Verlust danger of loss;
• eingetretener (entstandener) Verlust incurred (actual) loss;
• einmaliger Verlust non-recurring loss;
• endgültiger Verlust dead loss (sl.);
• enorme Verluste sea of red ink;
• auf konzernfremde Gesellschaften entfallender Verlust (Bilanz) minority interest in losses;
• entstandener Verlust occurred loss;
• durch Kursschwankungen entstandener Verlust exchange loss;
• durch Nichtvermietung entstandener Verlust vacancy loss;
• durch Preisherabsetzung (Preisheraufsetzung) entstandener Verlust markdown (markup) loss;
• bei der Liquidation voraussichtlich entstehende Verluste total estimated deficiency from realization of assets;
• erkannter Verlust (Spediteur) known loss;
• nicht erkannter Verlust (Spediteur) concealed loss;
• erlittener Verlust loss sustained;
• ersetzbarer Verlust recoverable (retrievable) loss;
• erwartete Verluste anticipated losses;
• eventuelle Verluste possible losses;
• finanzieller Verlust pecuniary loss;
• durch Exzedentenrückversicherung nicht gedeckter Verlust uninsured excess loss;
• von der Versicherung nicht gedeckter Verlust loss not compensated by insurance;
• von der Versicherung voll gedeckter Verlust loss fully covered by insurance;
• versicherungsmäßig gedeckte Verluste losses recoverable under a contract of insurance;
• nicht geschäftsbedingter Verlust non-business loss;
• gewerbliche Verluste loss from business or profession;
• großer Verlust heavy (severe) loss;
• aus zweifelhaften Forderungen herrührende Verluste bad-debt losses (US);
• zufällig hervorgerufener besonderer Verlust (Steuer) casual loss;
• kräftige Verluste sharp losses;
• laufender Verlust operating loss;
• minimale Verluste minimum of losses, trivial losses;
• mittelbarer Verlust consequential (constructive) loss;
• Per-Saldo-Verlust net loss;
• produktionsbedingter Verlust manufacturing loss;
• reiner Verlust net (dead, sl.) loss;
• schmerzlicher Verlust bereavement;
• schwerer Verlust heavy (severe) loss;
• für den Konzernausgleich zur Verfügung stehender Verlust loss available for group relief (Br.);
• steuerabzugsfähige Verluste losses deductible from earned income;
• tatsächlicher Verlust actual loss;
• aus dem Jahresertrag zu tilgende Verluste losses chargeable against the year;
• totaler Verlust dead (sl.) (outright) loss;
• übermäßiger Verlust excess loss;
• unbedeutender Verlust insignificant (trivial) loss;
• uneinbringlicher Verlust irretrievable (irredeemable) loss;
• nicht unerhebliche Verluste considerable (heavy) losses;
• unersetzlicher Verlust irrecoverable (irretrievable, irredeemable) loss;
• unerwarteter Verlust unanticipated loss;
• unmittelbarer Verlust direct loss;
• unwiederbringlicher Verlust irretrievable loss;
• steuerlich noch nicht verbrauchte Verluste unabsorbed losses;
• vermutlicher Verlust presumptive loss;
• nicht versicherter Verlust uninsured loss;
• durch Betrug einzelner Gesellschafter verursachte Verluste losses occasioned by the fraud of any partners;
• durch Brand verursachter Verlust loss by fire;
• steuerlich nicht verwertbarer Verlust unrelieved loss (Br.);
• aus den Vorjahren vorgetragene Verluste losses brought forward from previous years;
• vorweggenommener Verlust anticipated loss;
• weitere Verluste supplemental losses;
• auf Abschreibungen im Anschaffungsjahr zurückzuführender steuerlicher Verlust loss arising from first-year allowance;
• Gewinn und Verlust profit and loss, losses and gains;
• Verluste aus dem Abgang von Gegenständen des Anlagevermögens losses on retirement of fixed assets;
• Verlust überseeischer Absatzgebiete loss of overseas markets;
• Verlust von Absatzmärkten loss of markets;
• ein Verlust nach dem anderen loss on loss;
• Verlust der Arbeitsfähigkeit loss of earning capacity;
• Verlust der Arbeitskraft des Ehegatten loss of services of the spouse (Br.);
• Verlust des Arbeitsplatzes loss of employment;
• Verluste im Auslandskreditgeschäft foreign-loan losses;
• Verluste durch Betriebsunterbrechung use and occupancy loss;
• Verlust an der Börse market loss;
• Verluste aus Bürgschaftsverpflichtungen surety losses;
• Verlust der bürgerlichen Ehrenrechte forfeit of civil rights;
• Verlust der Erwerbsfähigkeit loss of earning capacity;
• Verlust durch Feuer losses caused by fire;
• Verlust aus zweifelhaften Forderungen bad (US) (doubtful, Br.) debt losses, loss from bad (US) (doubtful, Br.) debts;
• Verluste der Fremdenverkehrswirtschaft travel spending deficit;
• Verlust im Geschäftsjahr (Versicherungsgesellschaft) underwriting loss;
• Verluste der Gesellschaft corporate losses (US);
• Verlust durch allgemeine Havarie average loss;
• Verlust in Höhe des Zeitwertes [des versicherten Gegenstandes] actual loss;
• Verlust aus Kapitalanlagen loss on investments;
• Verlust der Konzession loss of franchise;
• Verlust aus Kursschwankungen exchange loss;
• Verlust der Ladung loss of cargo;
• irreversibler Verlust von Land und Habitaten irreversible loss of land and habitats;
• Verluste der Landwirtschaft farm losses;
• Verlust der Lebensgemeinschaft loss of consortium (Br.);
• Verluste von Marktanteilen market-share losses;
• Verlust von Marktanteilen an Mitbewerber loss of market share to competitors;
• Verlust von Menschenleben loss of life;
• Verluste im Mietgeschäft rental losses;
• Verlust des Pensionsanspruches disqualification of benefit, forfeiture of a pension;
• Verlust der Prämie für unfallfreies Fahren loss of no-claims bonus;
• Verlust eines Rechtes loss (forfeiture) of a right;
• Verlust auf See marine loss;
• Verlust der Souveränität der Mitgliedstaaten zugunsten der Marktkräfte loss of national sovereignty to market forces;
• Verlust vor Steuern pre-tax loss;
• Verlust auf dem Transport loss in transit;
• Verlust aus einem Verkauf sales loss;
• Verlust bei Verladungen loss of shipments (US);
• Verlust von Vermögenswerten loss of property values;
• Verlust infolge eines nicht zustande gekommenen Vertragsabschlusses loss of contract;
• Verlust der biologischen Vielfalt loss of biodiversity;
• Verluste aus Wertminderungen oder dem Abgang von Gegenständen des Umlaufvermögens außer Vorräten valuation adjustment on current assets other than inventories;
• Verlust aus Wertpapieranlagen loss from securities holding;
• Verlust an Zeit und Lohn broken time;
• Verlust ausweisend showing a loss (deficit);
• Verlust bringend ruinous, involving (causing) a loss, losing, loss-bringing;
• Verluste abbuchen to cut one’s losses;
• Verlust abschätzen to assess [the extend of] a loss;
• mit Verlust abschließen to show (result in, close with) a loss;
• Jahr mit Verlust abschließen to close a year in the red (US coll.);
• seine Verluste abschreiben to cut (charge off, deduct) one’s losses;
• Verlust abwenden to turn off a loss;
• mit Verlust arbeiten to operate (run, carry on) at a loss, to run in the red (US coll.);
• mit schweren Verlusten arbeiten to work out heavy deficits;
• Verluste auffangen to absorb (cushion) losses;
• für einen Verlust aufkommen to be liable for a loss;
• Verluste aufweisen to show a loss, to show red ink (US coll.);
• Verluste für das vierte Quartal aufweisen to report a fourth-quarter loss;
• Verlust ausgleichen to make good a loss, to make up for a deficit, to make good a deficit;
• Verluste wieder ausgleichen (Börse) to recover one’s losses;
• Verlust ausweisen to show a loss;
• seine Verluste ersetzt bekommen to recover one’s losses;
• seinen Verlust berechnen to reckon up one’s loss;
• Verluste berücksichtigen to make allowance for losses;
• sich an einem Verlust beteiligen to share in a loss;
• mit Verlust betreiben to carry on at a loss;
• ohne Verluste davonkommen to get off without a loss;
• Verluste wieder einbringen to make up for a deficiency, to retrieve a loss;
• mit Verlust einkaufen to buy at a loss;
• j. für einen Verlust entschädigen to indemnify (compensate) s. o. for a loss;
• Verlust erfahren to undergo (experience) a loss;
• sich von seinen Verlusten erholen to recover one’s losses;
• steuerlich anerkannten geschäftlichen Verlust erleiden to make a loss in a trade or business;
• gewaltige (große) Verluste erleiden to incur (suffer) severe losses, to lose heavily, to sustain heavy losses, to go heavily into the red (US coll.);
• bei der Briefbeförderung keine Verluste erleiden (Postverwaltung) to break even on letters;
• Verluste an der Börse erleiden to meet with losses on the stock exchange;
• Verlust ermitteln to ascertain a loss;
• Verlust ersetzen to make amends, to repair a damage (loss);
• jem. den Verlust von etw. ersetzen to pay s. o. the lost value of s. th.;
• Verlust erzielen to notch up a loss;
• in Verlust geraten to get lost;
• Verluste haben to be out of pocket, to be in the red (coll.);
• schwere Verluste haben to lose heavily, to be hard hit, to have a heavy loss;
• für Verluste haften to be liable for [a loss];
• seine Verluste durch Börsenspekulationen wieder hereinbekommen to recoup one’s losses in gaining on the stock market;
• schwer unter seinen finanziellen Verlusten leiden to be hard hit by one’s financial losses;
• finanzielle Verluste hinnehmen müssen to meet with money setbacks;
• geringe Verluste hinnehmen müssen (mil.) to lose a little ground;
• seine Verluste durch An- und Verkauf reduzieren (Börse) to average down (up);
• geschäftliche Verluste riskieren to jeopardize one’s business;
• Verlust von Tausenden von Arbeitsplätzen riskieren to put thousands of jobs at risk;
• riesige Verluste schreiben to chalk up huge losses;
• sich vor Verlusten schützen to save one’s bacon;
• am Verlust beteiligt sein to participate in a loss;
• gegen Verluste sicherstellen to safeguard against losses;
• j. in Verluste stürzen to run s. o. into losses;
• Verlust tragen to bear (stand) a loss;
• Verlust nach Anteilen (anteilig) tragen to share a loss rat(e)ably;
• Gewinne und Verluste zu gleichen Teilen tragen to share and share alike;
• sich von jem. ohne Verlust trennen to break even with s. o.;
• jds. Verluste übernehmen to reimburse s. o. for his losses;
• Verlust vergüten to make up for a loss;
• mit Verlust verkaufen to sell at a loss (discount, sacrifice, disadvantage, with a forfeit), to bargain away;
• Verluste gerade noch vermeiden to break even;
• Verluste mit den erzielten Einkünften verrechnen to set the loss against earned income;
• Verlust mit dem Gewinn späterer Jahre verrechnen (ein Jahr steuerlich vortragen) to carry forward a loss for one year;
• Verluste verschleiern to conceal losses;
• Verluste gleichmäßig über ein Jahr verteilen to apportion losses evenly over a year;
• finanzielle Verluste des einzelnen Versicherungsnehmers auf alle verteilen to spread the financial losses of insured members over the whole community;
• Verluste rückwirkend verwenden (Steuererklärung) to relate back losses;
• Verlust verzeichnen to record a loss;
• Verluste längerfristig vortragen to carry forward long-term losses (Br.);
• mit einem Verlust fertig werden to cope with red ink (US coll.);
• Verlust[e] wettmachen to repair a loss;
• Verlust zufügen to cause a loss;
• schweren Verlust zufügen to inflict a serious loss;
• Verlust steuerlich zurücktragen to carry back a loss;
• Verlustabbau deficit cutting;
• Verlustabschluss losing bargain, (Bilanz) closing in the red (US coll.), balance sheet that shows a deficit, deficiency statement (US);
• Verlustabschluss tätigen to close a year in the red (US coll.);
• Verlustabzug (Steuer) deductible loss;
• Verlustanrechnung (Einkommensteuer) loss relief (Br.);
• Verlustanteil share in a loss, (Bilanz) loss;
• Verlustanzeige (Versicherung) notification (notice) of loss, immediate notice;
• unverzügliche Verlustanzeige immediate notice;
• Verlustanzeige bei der Polizei abgeben to notify the police of a loss;
• Verlustartikel loss leader;
• Verlustaufteilung loss repartition, division of losses, (Firma) distribution of partnership loss;
• Verlustauftrag money-losing order.
mittragen, Verlust
to share a loss. -
25 dafür
Adv.1. allg. for it, for them, for that, for this; ein anderes Wort dafür another word for it; ein Beispiel dafür ist... an example of this is ( oder would be)...; sie hatten kein Geld dafür they didn’t have money for that (sort of thing); er kann nichts dafür (für den Unfall etc.) it’s not his fault; (für seine Art etc.) he can’t help it; was kann ich dafür(, wenn du so faul bist)? it’s not my fault (that you’re so lazy); er wurde dafür bestraft, dass er gelogen hatte he was punished for telling lies; dafür sorgen, dass see to it that; dafür werde ich schon sorgen I’ll take care of that2. (als Ersatz) instead, in s.th.’s place; (als Gegenleistung) in return; was willst du dafür? (Geldbetrag) what do you want for it?; (Tauschobjekt etc.) what do you want in exchange ( oder return)?; was kriege ich dafür? wenn ich dir diesen Gefallen tue: what’s in it for me?; ich möchte mich dafür bedanken, dass... I would like to express my thanks for...3. (als Ausgleich) but; er ist blind, hat aber dafür ein sehr gutes Gehör but has extremely good ears (to make up for it); er ist reich, dafür aber sehr krank he’s rich but very sick (for all that)4. (zugunsten) for it, in favo(u)r of it; dafür sein oder stimmen be in favo(u)r; dafür sein, etw. zu tun be for doing s.th.; dafür bin ich immer zu haben I’m always up for that, I never say no to that; ich bin ganz dafür I’m all in favo(u)r, I’m all for it; es lässt sich vieles dafür und dagegen sagen it has its pros and cons; alles spricht dafür, dass... all the evidence seems to indicate that, it looks very much as if...5. Zweck: (dazu) for it; nimm doch den Hammer dafür why not use the hammer (for that)?; dafür ist er ja da that’s what he’s there for (after all), that’s his job, isn’t it?; dafür haben wir es schließlich that’s why we have it, that’s what it’s there for(, isn’t it?)6. umg. (schließlich) after all; er müsste es wissen, dafür ist er ja Lehrer after all, he’s a teacher(, isn’t he?)7. (im Hinblick darauf) considering (that), given (that); dafür, dass du so klein bist, bist du ganz schön stark you’re pretty strong considering (that) you’re so small ( oder for someone so small); sie lernt erst seit kurzem Spanisch, dafür spricht sie schon sehr gut given that she’s not been learning Spanish for long, she’s already pretty good at speaking, she speaks Spanish well for someone who hasn’t been studying it long* * *(für diesen Zweck) for it;(stattdessen) instead;(zugunsten) pro* * *da|für [da'fyːɐ] (emph) ['daːfyːɐ]adv1) (= für das, diese Tat etc) for that/itwir haben kein Geld dafǘr — we've no money for that
dafǘr haben wir kein Geld — we've no money for that sort of thing
der Grund dafǘr ist, dass... — the reason for that is (that)...
warum ist er so böse? er hat doch keinen Grund dafǘr — why is he so angry? there's no reason for it or he has no reason to be
dafǘr war er nicht zu haben — it wasn't his scene (inf)
dafǘr ist er immer zu haben — he never says no to that
ich bin nicht dafǘr verantwortlich, was mein Bruder macht — I'm not responsible for what my brother does
dafǘr bin ich ja hier — that's what I'm here for, that's why I'm here
er ist dafǘr bestraft worden, dass er frech zum Lehrer war — he was punished for being cheeky to (Brit) or sassy with (US) the teacher
ich bin ganz dafǘr — I'm all for it (inf), I'm all in favo(u)r
ich bin (ganz) dafǘr, dass wir/sie das machen — I'm (all) for or in favo(u)r of doing that/them doing that
dafǘr stimmen — to vote for it
ich bin nicht dafǘr, dass das so gemacht wird — I don't think it should be done like that, I'm not in favo(u)r of it being done that way
3) (als Ersatz) instead, in its place; (als Bezahlung) for that/it; (bei Tausch) in exchange; (als Gegenleistung) in return... ich mache dir dafǘr deine Hausaufgaben —... and I'll do your homework in return
in Physik ist er schlecht, dafǘr kann er gut Golf spielen —
ich hatte diesmal immer nur Kurzferien, dafǘr habe ich umso mehr gesehen — I've only had short holidays (Brit) or a short vacation (US) this time but I've seen a lot more for all that
5)(= im Hinblick darauf)
der Junge ist erst drei Jahre, dafǘr ist er sehr klug — the boy is only three, (so) considering that he's very cleverdafǘr, dass er erst drei Jahre ist, ist er sehr klug — seeing or considering that he's only three he's very clever
6)(in Verbindung mit n, vb etc siehe auch dort)
er interessiert sich nicht dafǘr — he's not interested in that/itdafǘr interessiert er sich nicht — he's not interested in that sort of thing
er gibt sein ganzes Geld dafǘr aus — he spends all his money on that/it
ein Beispiel dafǘr wäre... — an example of that would be...
ich kann mich nicht dafǘr begeistern — I can't get enthusiastic about it, I can't rouse any enthusiasm for it
sie ist dreißig/sehr intelligent – dafǘr hätte ich sie nicht gehalten — she's thirty/very intelligent – I would never have thought it or thought she was
dafǘr werde ich schon sorgen — I'll see to that, I'll take care of that
ich werde dafǘr sorgen, dass... — I'll see to it that...
* * *1) (in favour of: Are you for or against the plan?) for2) (as an exchange (for something): We'll send them whisky and they'll send us vodka in return: They'll send us vodka in return for whisky.) in return (for)* * *da·für[daˈfy:ɐ̯]wir haben kein Geld \dafür we've no money for that sort of thingdas Auto sieht aus wie neu! was hast du \dafür bezahlt? the car looks like new! what did you pay for it?er hat 10 Euro \dafür bezahlt he paid 10 euros for thatich hätte \dafür nicht so viel ausgegeben I would never have spent so much on itwarum ist er böse? er hat doch keinen Grund \dafür why's he angry? he has no reason to be [or there's no reason for it]der \dafür dafür ist, dass... the reason for that is that...ich bin nicht \dafür verantwortlich, was mein Bruder macht I'm not responsible for my brother's doings [or for what my brother does]\dafür bin ich immer zu haben! I never say no to that!ein Beispiel \dafür an example2. (deswegen) for that\dafür bin ich ja da/Lehrer that's what I'm here for [or why I'm here]/that's why I'm a teacherich bezahle Sie nicht \dafür, dass Sie nur rumstehen! I'm not paying you just to stand arounder ist \dafür bestraft worden, dass er frech war he was punished for being cheeky3. (als Gegenleistung) in returnich repariere dir \dafür deine Türklingel in return, I'll fix your doorbellwenn du mir das verrätst, helfe ich dir \dafür bei den Hausaufgaben if you tell me, I'll help you with your homework [in return]was hat er dir [als Gegenleistung] \dafür gegeben? what did he give you in return?4. (stattdessen, als Ausgleich)\dafür [aber] butin Mathematik ist er schlecht, \dafür kann er [aber] gut Fußball spielen he's bad at maths, but he makes up for it at footballer ist zwar nicht kräftig, \dafür aber intelligent he may not be strong, but he's intelligent for all thatzwar bin ich darüber nicht informiert, \dafür weiß ich aber, wer Ihnen weiterhelfen kann although I haven't been informed, I do know who can help you further5. (im Hinblick darauf) considering thater ist erst vier. \dafür kann er schon sehr gut Klavier spielen he's only four. considering that, he plays the piano really well▪ \dafür, dass... seeing [or considering] that...\dafür, dass sie einen Abschluss hat, ist sie aber nicht besonders clever seeing [or considering] [that] she's got a degree, she's not particularly clever6. (als solcher) as oneer ist zwar kein Professor, aber er geht \dafür durch although he isn't a professor, he can pass off as [being] onesie ist keine wirkliche Wahrsagerin, aber im Dorf gilt sie \dafür she isn't a real fortune teller, but the village consider her to be onees ist zwar kein Silber, man könnte es aber auf den ersten Blick \dafür halten although it's not silver, it could be taken for it at first glancedas ist gut \dafür that's good for itdu hast Halsschmerzen? \dafür ist Salbei sehr gut! you've got a sore throat? sage will help!ich kann mich nicht \dafür begeistern I can't get enthusiastic about itich kann deine Begeisterung/dein Interesse \dafür nicht verstehen I cannot understand your enthusiasm for/interest in thatvergiss dein Angebot, er kann sich nicht \dafür interessieren forget your offer, he is not interested [in it/that]ich werde \dafür sorgen, dass... I'll make sure that...ich kann doch nichts \dafür! I can't help it!9. (befürworten)\dafür sein to be for it/that, to be in favour [or AM favor] [of it/that]wer ist \dafür und wer dagegen? who's for it [or in favour] and who against?nur wenig Leute sind \dafür, dass die Todesstrafe wieder eingeführt wird only a few people are for [or in favour of] bringing back the death penaltyich bin [ganz] \dafür, dass wir/Sie es machen I'm [all] for [or in favour of] doing/your doing thater will wieder nach Italien — ich bin nicht \dafür he wants to go to Italy again — I don't think he shouldda bin ich nicht für I don't agree to thatda kann ich nichts für that's not my fault* * *1) for it/themdafür, dass... — (damit) so that...
dafür sorgen [, dass...] — see to it [that...]
der Grund dafür, dass... — the reason why...
dafür sein — be in favour [of it]
das ist ein Beweis dafür, dass... — this is proof that...
ein Beispiel dafür ist... — an example of this is...
alles spricht dafür, dass... — all the evidence or everything suggests that...
heute hat er keine Zeit, dafür will er morgen kommen — he has no time today, so he wants to come tomorrow instead
3)4) (wenn man das berücksichtigt)dafür ist sein Französisch nicht sehr gut — his French is not very good, considering
dafür dass... — considering that...
5)etwas/nichts dafür können — be/not be responsible
dafür kann er nichts[, dass...] — it's not his fault [that...]; he can't help it [that...]
* * *dafür adv1. allg for it, for them, for that, for this;ein anderes Wort dafür another word for it;ein Beispiel dafür ist … an example of this is ( oder would be) …;sie hatten kein Geld dafür they didn’t have money for that (sort of thing);was kann ich dafür(, wenn du so faul bist)? it’s not my fault (that you’re so lazy);er wurde dafür bestraft, dass er gelogen hatte he was punished for telling lies;dafür sorgen, dass see to it that;dafür werde ich schon sorgen I’ll take care of thatwas willst du dafür? (Geldbetrag) what do you want for it?; (Tauschobjekt etc) what do you want in exchange ( oder return)?;was kriege ich dafür? wenn ich dir diesen Gefallen tue: what’s in it for me?;ich möchte mich dafür bedanken, dass … I would like to express my thanks for …hat aber dafür ein sehr gutes Gehör but has extremely good ears (to make up for it);er ist reich, dafür aber sehr krank he’s rich but very sick (for all that)4. (zugunsten) for it, in favo(u)r of it;stimmen be in favo(u)r;dafür sein, etwas zu tun be for doing sth;dafür bin ich immer zu haben I’m always up for that, I never say no to that;ich bin ganz dafür I’m all in favo(u)r, I’m all for it;es lässt sich vieles dafür und dagegen sagen it has its pros and cons;alles spricht dafür, dass … all the evidence seems to indicate that, it looks very much as if …5. Zweck: (dazu) for it;nimm doch den Hammer dafür why not use the hammer (for that)?;dafür ist er ja da that’s what he’s there for (after all), that’s his job, isn’t it?;dafür haben wir es schließlich that’s why we have it, that’s what it’s there for(, isn’t it?)dafür ist er ja Lehrer after all, he’s a teacher(, isn’t he?)7. (im Hinblick darauf) considering (that), given (that);dafür, dass du so klein bist, bist du ganz schön stark you’re pretty strong considering (that) you’re so small ( oder for someone so small);sie lernt erst seit kurzem Spanisch, dafür spricht sie schon sehr gut given that she’s not been learning Spanish for long, she’s already pretty good at speaking, she speaks Spanish well for someone who hasn’t been studying it long* * *1) for it/themdafür, dass... — (damit) so that...
dafür sorgen [, dass...] — see to it [that...]
der Grund dafür, dass... — the reason why...
dafür sein — be in favour [of it]
das ist ein Beweis dafür, dass... — this is proof that...
ein Beispiel dafür ist... — an example of this is...
alles spricht dafür, dass... — all the evidence or everything suggests that...
heute hat er keine Zeit, dafür will er morgen kommen — he has no time today, so he wants to come tomorrow instead
3)er ist schon 60, aber dafür hält ihn niemand — he is 60 but nobody would think so
dafür ist sein Französisch nicht sehr gut — his French is not very good, considering
dafür dass... — considering that...
5)etwas/nichts dafür können — be/not be responsible
dafür kann er nichts[, dass...] — it's not his fault [that...]; he can't help it [that...]
* * *adv.therefor n. präp.for it expr. -
26 quedar
v.1 to be left, to remain.¿queda azúcar? is there any sugar left?nos quedan 100 pesos we have 100 pesos left¿cuánto queda para León? how much farther is it to León?quedan dos vueltas para que termine la carrera there are two laps to go until the end of the racequedar por hacer to remain to be donequeda por fregar el suelo the floor has still to be cleanedAlgo queda Something is left, something remains.Queda un solo carro There is only one car.Eso queda lejos This is far away.2 to remain, to stay.el viaje quedó en proyecto the trip never got beyond the planning stage¡esto no puede o no va a quedar así! I'm not going to let it rest at this!3 to look.te queda un poco corto el traje your suit is a bit too shortquedar bien/mal a alguien to look good/bad on somebodyquedar bien/mal con algo to go well/badly with something4 to be (informal) (estar situado).queda por las afueras it's somewhere on the outskirts¿por dónde queda? whereabouts is it?5 to keep on, to keep.Ella quedó trabajando She kept on working.6 to fit.Esta camisa me queda (bien) This shirts fits (well).Queda bien It fits well.7 to be left with, to have left, to have.Me quedó un dolar solamente I was left with one dollar only.8 to get, to become.Ella quedó alegre She got happy, she became happy.El caso quedó muy claro The case became very clear.9 to leave.Se me quedó mi sombrero I left my hat.10 to act, to perform, to come across, to do one's part.Quedé muy bien en la reunión I acted [did my part] very well at the meeting.11 to be still pending to.Queda pintar It is still pending to paint.12 to be left to be done.13 to be for.Me queda muy difícil It is very difficult for me.14 to make an appointment.* * *1 (permanecer) to remain, stay2 figurado (terminar) to end3 (cita) to arrange to meet4 (resultado de algo) to be■ al morir sus padres quedó solo en la vida when his parents died he was left all alone in the world5 (favorecer) to look, fit■ ¿qué tal me queda? does it suit me?, how does it look on me?6 (estar situado) to be■ ¿por dónde queda? whereabouts is it?7 (restar) to be left, remain8 (faltar) to be, be still9 quedar en (convenir) to agree to10 quedar por + inf not to have been + past participle■ la cama quedó por hacer the bed had not been made, the bed was left unmade■ queda por ver si llegarán a algún acuerdo it remains to be seen whether they will come to some agreement11 quedar + gerundio to be, remain1 (permanecer) to remain, stay, be2 (resultado de algo) to be, remain3 eufemístico (morirse) to die4 (mar, viento) to become calm; (viento) to drop5 quedarse con (retener algo) to keep\ahí quedó la cosa that's the way it was left¿en qué quedamos? so what's it to be?no quedar títere con cabeza familiar to leave nothing intact'Queda de usted atentamente...' (en cartas) "Yours faithfully..."quedar a deber algo to owe somethingquedar alguien bien/mal to make a good/bad impressionquedar como un señor/una señora familiar to create a very good impressionquedarse atrás figurado to be left behindquedarse con alguien familiar to make a fool of somebody, have somebody onquedarse con la boca abierta figurado to be dumbfounded, be stunnedquedarse con las ganas de algo figurado to go without somethingquedarse en blanco to go blankquedarse sin algo to run out of somethingquedarse sin blanca familiar to be brokequedarse tan tranquilo,-a familiar not to bat an eyelidquedar en nada to come to nothing* * *verb1) to remain2) fit, suit3) be left4) suit•- quedarse* * *Para expresiones como quedarse tan ancho, quedarse con las ganas, quedársele grabado algn, quedarse helado, quedarse parado, ver la otra entrada.1. VERBO INTRANSITIVO1) [indicando lugar] to be¿por dónde queda Correos? — where's the post office?
2) [indicando posición]•
quedar [atrás], no quieren quedar atrás en la carrera espacial — they don't want to be left behind {o} fall behind in the space race3) [indicando resultado]a) [con adjetivos, adverbios, locuciones preposicionales, participios]•
quedar [ciego] — to go blind•
quedar [huérfano] — to be orphaned•
quedar [viuda]/[viudo] — to be widowed, lose one's husband/wifeb)• quedar [en] algo, ¿en qué quedó la conversación? — how did the conversation end?
c)• quedar [sin], miles de personas han quedado sin hogar — thousands of people have been left homeless
la reconstrucción del puente ha quedado sin hacer por falta de presupuesto — the rebuilding of the bridge has been abandoned because of a shortage of funds
4) [en el trato, al hablar]•
quedar [bien], regalando flores siempre queda uno bien — taking flowers always makes a good impression•
quedar [mal], nos hiciste quedar mal haciendo esas preguntas — you made us look bad by asking those questions•
quedar [por] algo — to be left looking like sthaunque fue idea de todos, yo quedé por el culpable — although everyone was to blame, it ended up looking as if it was my fault
•
quedar en [ridículo], ha quedado en ridículo — he ended up looking a foolquería que su marido quedara en ridículo — she wanted to make her husband look a fool, she wanted to show her husband up
5) (=permanecer) to stayquedo a la espera de sus noticias — [en carta] I look forward to hearing from you
6) (=haber todavía) to be left¿queda algo de la cena? — is there any dinner left?
de la ciudad solo queda el castillo — all that remains {o} is left of the city is the castle
se me cayó un poco de vino, pero no ha quedado ninguna mancha — I spilt some wine, but it didn't leave a stain
si a 8 le quito 2, quedan 6 — if I take 2 from 8, I'm left with {o} it leaves 6
•
quedarle [a algn], ¿le quedan entradas para esta noche? — do you have any tickets left for tonight?•
quedar [a deber] algo — to owe sthno tenía suficiente y tuve que quedarle a deber — I didn't have enough money on me, so I had to owe him
•
quedan pocos días [para] la fiesta — the party is only a few days away•
quedar [por] hacer, nos queda por pagar la luz — we still have to pay the electricity bill•
no me queda más [remedio] — I have no alternative (left)que no quede —
por mí que no quede, yo he ayudado en lo que he podido — it won't be for want of trying on my part, I helped as much as I could
7) (Educ) [asignatura]8) [ropa] (=ser la talla) to fit; (=sentar) to suit¿qué tal (de grande) te queda el vestido? — does the dress fit you?
no queda bien así/aquí — it doesn't look right like that/here
9)• quedar [en] (=acordar) —
¿quedamos en eso, entonces? — we'll do that, then, all right?
quedar en {o} LAm de hacer algo — to agree to do sth
quedaron en esperar unos días antes de tomar una decisión definitiva — they agreed to wait a few days before taking a final decision
•
quedar en [que] — to agree that¿en qué quedamos? ¿lo compras o no? — so what's it to be then? are you going to buy it or not?
10) (=citarse) to arrange to meethabíamos quedado, pero no se presentó — we had arranged to meet, but he didn't turn up
¿quedamos a las cuatro? — shall we meet at four?
¿cómo quedamos? — where shall we meet and what time?
•
quedar [con] algn — to arrange to meet sb¿quedamos con ella en la parada? — shall we meet her at the bus stop?
2.See:* * *1.verbo intransitivo1) (en un estado, una situación)quedar viudo/viuda — to be widowed
quedar sin hogar/en la miseria — to be left homeless/destitute
ha quedado acordado que... — it has been agreed that...
¿dónde quedamos la clase pasada? — where did we get (up) to in the last class?
¿quién quedó en primer/último lugar? — who was o came first/last?; (+ me/te/le etc)
me quedó muy claro que... — it was quite clear to me that...
si no vamos, quedamos mal — it'll look bad if we don't go
quedó en ridículo — ( por culpa propia) he made a fool of himself; ( por culpa ajena) he was made to look a fool
3) ( permanecer)¿queda alguien adentro? — is there anyone left inside?
quedamos a la espera de su confirmación — (frml) we await your confirmation (frml)
quedo a sus gratas órdenes — (frml) (Corresp) Sincerely yours (AmE), Yours faithfully (BrE)
quedar EN algo: todo quedó en suspenso everything was left in the air; nuestros planes quedaron en nada our plans came to nothing; quedar atrás — persona to fall behind; rencillas/problemas to be in the past
4) (+ me/te/le etc)a) tamaño/tallame queda grande/largo/apretado — it's too big/long/tight for me
la talla 12 le queda bien — the size 12 fits (you/him) fine
b) ( sentar)el azul/ese peinado te queda muy bien — blue/that hairdo really suits you
5)a) (acordar, convenir)quedar EN algo: ¿en qué quedaron? what did you decide?; ¿entonces en qué quedamos? so, what's happening, then?; quedamos en que yo iría we agreed o arranged that I would go; quedar EN or (AmL) DE + INF: quedaron en no decirle nada they agreed o decided not to tell him anything; quedó en venir a las nueve — she said she would come at nine
b) ( citarse)¿a qué hora/dónde quedamos? — what time/where shall we meet?
6) ( estar situado) to bequeda justo enfrente de la estación — it's right opposite the station; (+ me/te/le etc)
me queda muy lejos/cerca — it's very far/near from where I live (o work etc)
7) (en 3a pers)a) ( haber todavía)¿queda café? — is there any coffee left?
sólo quedan las ruinas — only the ruins remain; (+ me/te/le etc)
¿te queda algo de dinero? — do you have any money left?
¿te queda alguna duda? — is there anything you still don't understand?
b) ( sobrar) comida/vino to be left (over)8) ( faltar)¿cuántos kilómetros quedan? — how many kilometers are there to go?; (+ me/te/le etc)
2.quedar POR + INF: queda mucho por ver/visitar there is still a lot to see/visit; aún quedan estudiantes por pagar there are still some students who haven't paid; (+ me/te/le etc) aún me queda todo esto por hacer I still have all this to do; no me/le queda otra (AmL fam) I have/he has no choice; por... que no quede (Esp fam): venga, por intentarlo que no quede come on, let's at least give it a try; hazlo, por mí que no quede — go ahead, don't let me stop you
1) quedarse v pron2)a) ( en un lugar) to stayquedarse en casa/en la cama — to stay at home/in bed
se quedaron en París/en un hotel — they stayed in Paris/in a hotel
b) (en un estado, una situación) (+ compl)quédate tranquilo, yo me ocuparé del asunto — relax, I'll take care of it
¿te quedaste con hambre? — are you still hungry?
se me quedó mirando — he sat/stood there staring at me, he just stared at me
de repente el motor se quedó — (AmL) the engine suddenly died on me
3) (+ me/te/le etc)a) (fam) ( memorizar)b) (Andes) ( olvidarse)c) (Esp) ( llegar a ser)4)quedarse CON algo: se quedó con mi libro she kept my book; entre él y su mujer no sé con cuál me quedo there's not much to choose between him and his wife; me quedo con éste I'll take this one; quedarse con alguien — (Esp fam) ( engañarlo) to take somebody for a ride (colloq)
* * *= remain.Ex. Needless to say, any errors which remain are entirely our responsibility.----* aunque la mona se vista de seda, mona se queda = You can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear, You can take the boy out of the country, but you can't take the country out of the boy.* el que lo encuentre se lo queda = finders keepers.* estar quedándose sin = run + low (on).* hacer que Uno se quede dormido = put + Nombre + to sleep.* hacer una marca para indicar el lugar donde uno se ha quedado leyen = mark + Posesivo + place.* mecer a Alguien hasta que quede dormido = rock + Nombre + to sleep.* mente + quedarse en blanco = mind + go blank.* mientras queden = while stocks last.* Nombre de Lugar + quedarse chico = outgrow + Nombre de Lugar.* no quedarse ahí = there + be + more to it than that.* para que quede más claro = for main effects.* quedar Algo a Alguien = be left with.* quedar anulado con el paso del tiempo = be overtaken by events.* quedar atrapado = get + caught.* quedar constatado = go on + record.* quedar deshecho = go to + pieces.* quedar destrozado = go to + pieces.* quedar en segundo plano = come in + a poor second.* quedar en suspenso = go into + abeyance.* quedar exempto de = discharge from.* quedar + Expresión Temporal = be + Expresión Temporal + off.* quedar igual = remain + the same.* quedar impactado = be impressed.* quedar impresionado = be impressed.* quedar impune = go + scot-free, go + scot-free, get away + scot-free.* quedar inpune = go + unpunished.* quedar libre = become + vacant.* quedar mal = lose + face.* quedar muchísimo por hacer = a great deal more needs to be done.* quedar mucho más por hacer = much more needs to be done.* quedar mucho (para) = have + a long way to go (before), there + be + a long way to go (before).* quedar mucho por conocer = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.* quedar mucho por hacer = more needs to be done, have + a long way to go.* quedar mucho por saber = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.* quedar patas arriba = flip-flop.* quedar pendiente = remain, remain + to be done.* quedar peor = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.* quedar poco (para) = have + a short way to go (before).* quedar por hacer = remain + to be done.* quedar por + Infinitivo = remain + to be + Participio.* quedar por ver = be an open question, remain + to be seen.* quedar registrado = go on + record.* quedarse = stay, stay behind, board.* quedarse abandonado en una isla desierta = be stranded on a desert island.* quedarse a dormir en la casa de un amigo = sleepover.* quedarse afónico = lose + Posesivo + voice.* quedarse al margen = stand by.* quedarse a medias = fall (between/through) + the cracks.* quedarse anodadado = be speechless, be gobsmacked.* quedarse anticuado = date.* quedarse arriba = sit on + top.* quedarse atascado = get + stuck.* quedarse atónito = be astonished, be bowled over, stun into + speechlessness.* quedarse atrancado = get + stuck.* quedarse atrás = fall behind, hang back, trail, trail behind, be behind.* quedarse boquiabierto = give + a gasp of, eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.* quedarse completamente atónito = You could have pushed + Nombre + over with a feather.* quedarse con = pocket, cream off.* quedarse con el culo al aire = come + unstuck.* quedarse congelado = be frozen stiff.* quedarse corto = stop + short of, fall + short, fall + short of.* quedarse dentro de casa = stay + indoors.* quedarse de piedra = You could have pushed + Nombre + over with a feather.* quedarse dormido = fall + asleep, doze off, nod off, drop off to + sleep, go to + sleep.* quedarse dormido al volante = fall + asleep at the wheel.* quedarse embarazada = become + pregnant, be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.* quedarse en = stick at.* quedarse en blanco = go + blank, mind + go blank.* quedarse encallado = be stranded.* quedarse en casa = stay + indoors.* quedarse en el camino = fall by + the wayside.* quedarse en el mismo sitio = stay + put.* quedarse en el sitio = die + there and then.* quedarse en estado = become + pregnant.* quedarse en la cama hasta tarde = have + a lie-in.* quedarse en la estacada = be left out on a limb.* quedarse en la ignorancia = leave + Nombre + in the dark.* quedarse en silencio = fall + silent, lapse into + silence.* quedarse en tablas = split down the middle.* quedarse estancado = stagnate.* quedarse estupefacto = stun into + speechlessness, eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, be speechless, be gobsmacked, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.* quedar segundo = come off + second-best.* quedarse hecho polvo = be gutted, feel + gutted.* quedarse helado = be frozen stiff.* quedarse huérfano = orphan.* quedarse igual = be none the wiser.* quedarse impresionado = be bowled over.* quedarse inamovible = stay in + place.* quedarse inmóvil = stay + still.* quedarse levantado = stay up.* quedarse mudo = be speechless, be gobsmacked.* quedarse obsoleto = be overtaken by events, outgrow.* quedarse parado = stand + still, stand by.* quedarse pasmado = stun.* quedarse patidifuso = eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.* quedarse patitieso = freeze to + death.* quedarse pequeño = overflow.* quedarse prendado = smite.* quedarse prendado de = take + a fancy to, take + a shine to.* quedarse prendado por = take + a liking to.* quedarse preñada = become + pregnant, have + a bun in the oven.* quedarse quieto = stand + still, stand by.* quedarse ronco = lose + Posesivo + voice.* quedarse sin = run + short (of), miss out on, run out of, run out.* quedarse sin aliento = run out of + breath.* quedarse sin conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.* quedarse sin fuelle = run out of + steam.* quedarse sin fuerza = lose + steam.* quedarse sin gas = lose + steam.* quedarse sin habla = stun into + speechlessness, be speechless, be gobsmacked.* quedarse sin negocio = go out of + business.* quedarse sin palabras = stun into + speechlessness, be at a loss for words, be lost for words.* quedarse sin sentido = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.* quedarse sin suerte = run out of + luck, luck + run out.* quedarse sin voz = lose + Posesivo + voice.* quedarse sorprendido por = be amazed by, be amazed at.* quedarse tan fresco = not bat an eyelash, not bat an eyelid.* quedarse tieso = be frozen stiff.* quedarse tieso de frío = be frozen stiff.* quedarse tirado = be stranded.* quedarse varado = get + stuck, be stranded.* quedarse viudo = widow.* quedar sin castigo = go + unpunished.* quedar un poco = be some way off.* quedar un poco perjudicado = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.* quedar vacante = become + vacant.* quedar vacío = empty.* que no queda bien = ill-fitting.* que queda = surviving.* que queda mal = ill-fitting.* que quede entre nosotros = between you and me, between ourselves.* según quedó indicado en = as was pointed out in.* siempre queda una esperanza = where there's life there's hope.* si queda tiempo = time permitting.* todo queda en casa = all in the family.* * *1.verbo intransitivo1) (en un estado, una situación)quedar viudo/viuda — to be widowed
quedar sin hogar/en la miseria — to be left homeless/destitute
ha quedado acordado que... — it has been agreed that...
¿dónde quedamos la clase pasada? — where did we get (up) to in the last class?
¿quién quedó en primer/último lugar? — who was o came first/last?; (+ me/te/le etc)
me quedó muy claro que... — it was quite clear to me that...
si no vamos, quedamos mal — it'll look bad if we don't go
quedó en ridículo — ( por culpa propia) he made a fool of himself; ( por culpa ajena) he was made to look a fool
3) ( permanecer)¿queda alguien adentro? — is there anyone left inside?
quedamos a la espera de su confirmación — (frml) we await your confirmation (frml)
quedo a sus gratas órdenes — (frml) (Corresp) Sincerely yours (AmE), Yours faithfully (BrE)
quedar EN algo: todo quedó en suspenso everything was left in the air; nuestros planes quedaron en nada our plans came to nothing; quedar atrás — persona to fall behind; rencillas/problemas to be in the past
4) (+ me/te/le etc)a) tamaño/tallame queda grande/largo/apretado — it's too big/long/tight for me
la talla 12 le queda bien — the size 12 fits (you/him) fine
b) ( sentar)el azul/ese peinado te queda muy bien — blue/that hairdo really suits you
5)a) (acordar, convenir)quedar EN algo: ¿en qué quedaron? what did you decide?; ¿entonces en qué quedamos? so, what's happening, then?; quedamos en que yo iría we agreed o arranged that I would go; quedar EN or (AmL) DE + INF: quedaron en no decirle nada they agreed o decided not to tell him anything; quedó en venir a las nueve — she said she would come at nine
b) ( citarse)¿a qué hora/dónde quedamos? — what time/where shall we meet?
6) ( estar situado) to bequeda justo enfrente de la estación — it's right opposite the station; (+ me/te/le etc)
me queda muy lejos/cerca — it's very far/near from where I live (o work etc)
7) (en 3a pers)a) ( haber todavía)¿queda café? — is there any coffee left?
sólo quedan las ruinas — only the ruins remain; (+ me/te/le etc)
¿te queda algo de dinero? — do you have any money left?
¿te queda alguna duda? — is there anything you still don't understand?
b) ( sobrar) comida/vino to be left (over)8) ( faltar)¿cuántos kilómetros quedan? — how many kilometers are there to go?; (+ me/te/le etc)
2.quedar POR + INF: queda mucho por ver/visitar there is still a lot to see/visit; aún quedan estudiantes por pagar there are still some students who haven't paid; (+ me/te/le etc) aún me queda todo esto por hacer I still have all this to do; no me/le queda otra (AmL fam) I have/he has no choice; por... que no quede (Esp fam): venga, por intentarlo que no quede come on, let's at least give it a try; hazlo, por mí que no quede — go ahead, don't let me stop you
1) quedarse v pron2)a) ( en un lugar) to stayquedarse en casa/en la cama — to stay at home/in bed
se quedaron en París/en un hotel — they stayed in Paris/in a hotel
b) (en un estado, una situación) (+ compl)quédate tranquilo, yo me ocuparé del asunto — relax, I'll take care of it
¿te quedaste con hambre? — are you still hungry?
se me quedó mirando — he sat/stood there staring at me, he just stared at me
de repente el motor se quedó — (AmL) the engine suddenly died on me
3) (+ me/te/le etc)a) (fam) ( memorizar)b) (Andes) ( olvidarse)c) (Esp) ( llegar a ser)4)quedarse CON algo: se quedó con mi libro she kept my book; entre él y su mujer no sé con cuál me quedo there's not much to choose between him and his wife; me quedo con éste I'll take this one; quedarse con alguien — (Esp fam) ( engañarlo) to take somebody for a ride (colloq)
* * *= remain.Ex: Needless to say, any errors which remain are entirely our responsibility.
* aunque la mona se vista de seda, mona se queda = You can't make a silk purse out of a sow's ear, You can take the boy out of the country, but you can't take the country out of the boy.* el que lo encuentre se lo queda = finders keepers.* estar quedándose sin = run + low (on).* hacer que Uno se quede dormido = put + Nombre + to sleep.* hacer una marca para indicar el lugar donde uno se ha quedado leyen = mark + Posesivo + place.* mecer a Alguien hasta que quede dormido = rock + Nombre + to sleep.* mente + quedarse en blanco = mind + go blank.* mientras queden = while stocks last.* Nombre de Lugar + quedarse chico = outgrow + Nombre de Lugar.* no quedarse ahí = there + be + more to it than that.* para que quede más claro = for main effects.* quedar Algo a Alguien = be left with.* quedar anulado con el paso del tiempo = be overtaken by events.* quedar atrapado = get + caught.* quedar constatado = go on + record.* quedar deshecho = go to + pieces.* quedar destrozado = go to + pieces.* quedar en segundo plano = come in + a poor second.* quedar en suspenso = go into + abeyance.* quedar exempto de = discharge from.* quedar + Expresión Temporal = be + Expresión Temporal + off.* quedar igual = remain + the same.* quedar impactado = be impressed.* quedar impresionado = be impressed.* quedar impune = go + scot-free, go + scot-free, get away + scot-free.* quedar inpune = go + unpunished.* quedar libre = become + vacant.* quedar mal = lose + face.* quedar muchísimo por hacer = a great deal more needs to be done.* quedar mucho más por hacer = much more needs to be done.* quedar mucho (para) = have + a long way to go (before), there + be + a long way to go (before).* quedar mucho por conocer = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.* quedar mucho por hacer = more needs to be done, have + a long way to go.* quedar mucho por saber = there + be + a great deal yet to be learned, there + be + still a great deal to be learned.* quedar patas arriba = flip-flop.* quedar pendiente = remain, remain + to be done.* quedar peor = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.* quedar poco (para) = have + a short way to go (before).* quedar por hacer = remain + to be done.* quedar por + Infinitivo = remain + to be + Participio.* quedar por ver = be an open question, remain + to be seen.* quedar registrado = go on + record.* quedarse = stay, stay behind, board.* quedarse abandonado en una isla desierta = be stranded on a desert island.* quedarse a dormir en la casa de un amigo = sleepover.* quedarse afónico = lose + Posesivo + voice.* quedarse al margen = stand by.* quedarse a medias = fall (between/through) + the cracks.* quedarse anodadado = be speechless, be gobsmacked.* quedarse anticuado = date.* quedarse arriba = sit on + top.* quedarse atascado = get + stuck.* quedarse atónito = be astonished, be bowled over, stun into + speechlessness.* quedarse atrancado = get + stuck.* quedarse atrás = fall behind, hang back, trail, trail behind, be behind.* quedarse boquiabierto = give + a gasp of, eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.* quedarse completamente atónito = You could have pushed + Nombre + over with a feather.* quedarse con = pocket, cream off.* quedarse con el culo al aire = come + unstuck.* quedarse congelado = be frozen stiff.* quedarse corto = stop + short of, fall + short, fall + short of.* quedarse dentro de casa = stay + indoors.* quedarse de piedra = You could have pushed + Nombre + over with a feather.* quedarse dormido = fall + asleep, doze off, nod off, drop off to + sleep, go to + sleep.* quedarse dormido al volante = fall + asleep at the wheel.* quedarse embarazada = become + pregnant, be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.* quedarse en = stick at.* quedarse en blanco = go + blank, mind + go blank.* quedarse encallado = be stranded.* quedarse en casa = stay + indoors.* quedarse en el camino = fall by + the wayside.* quedarse en el mismo sitio = stay + put.* quedarse en el sitio = die + there and then.* quedarse en estado = become + pregnant.* quedarse en la cama hasta tarde = have + a lie-in.* quedarse en la estacada = be left out on a limb.* quedarse en la ignorancia = leave + Nombre + in the dark.* quedarse en silencio = fall + silent, lapse into + silence.* quedarse en tablas = split down the middle.* quedarse estancado = stagnate.* quedarse estupefacto = stun into + speechlessness, eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, be speechless, be gobsmacked, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.* quedar segundo = come off + second-best.* quedarse hecho polvo = be gutted, feel + gutted.* quedarse helado = be frozen stiff.* quedarse huérfano = orphan.* quedarse igual = be none the wiser.* quedarse impresionado = be bowled over.* quedarse inamovible = stay in + place.* quedarse inmóvil = stay + still.* quedarse levantado = stay up.* quedarse mudo = be speechless, be gobsmacked.* quedarse obsoleto = be overtaken by events, outgrow.* quedarse parado = stand + still, stand by.* quedarse pasmado = stun.* quedarse patidifuso = eyes + pop (out), Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + head, Posesivo + eyes + pop out of + Posesivo + socket.* quedarse patitieso = freeze to + death.* quedarse pequeño = overflow.* quedarse prendado = smite.* quedarse prendado de = take + a fancy to, take + a shine to.* quedarse prendado por = take + a liking to.* quedarse preñada = become + pregnant, have + a bun in the oven.* quedarse quieto = stand + still, stand by.* quedarse ronco = lose + Posesivo + voice.* quedarse sin = run + short (of), miss out on, run out of, run out.* quedarse sin aliento = run out of + breath.* quedarse sin conocimiento = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.* quedarse sin fuelle = run out of + steam.* quedarse sin fuerza = lose + steam.* quedarse sin gas = lose + steam.* quedarse sin habla = stun into + speechlessness, be speechless, be gobsmacked.* quedarse sin negocio = go out of + business.* quedarse sin palabras = stun into + speechlessness, be at a loss for words, be lost for words.* quedarse sin sentido = lose + Posesivo + consciousness, pass out.* quedarse sin suerte = run out of + luck, luck + run out.* quedarse sin voz = lose + Posesivo + voice.* quedarse sorprendido por = be amazed by, be amazed at.* quedarse tan fresco = not bat an eyelash, not bat an eyelid.* quedarse tieso = be frozen stiff.* quedarse tieso de frío = be frozen stiff.* quedarse tirado = be stranded.* quedarse varado = get + stuck, be stranded.* quedarse viudo = widow.* quedar sin castigo = go + unpunished.* quedar un poco = be some way off.* quedar un poco perjudicado = be a little worse prepared, be a little worse off.* quedar vacante = become + vacant.* quedar vacío = empty.* que no queda bien = ill-fitting.* que queda = surviving.* que queda mal = ill-fitting.* que quede entre nosotros = between you and me, between ourselves.* según quedó indicado en = as was pointed out in.* siempre queda una esperanza = where there's life there's hope.* si queda tiempo = time permitting.* todo queda en casa = all in the family.* * *quedar [A1 ]viA(en un estado, una situación): quedó viuda muy joven she was widowed o she lost her husband when she was very youngquedó huérfano a los siete años he was orphaned when he was seven years oldtuvo un ataque y quedó paralítico he had a stroke and was left paralyzedcientos de familias quedaron sin hogar/en la miseria hundreds of families were left homeless/destitutelas calles quedaron desiertas the streets were left desertedel sombrero quedó hecho un acordeón the hat was o got squashed flatel coche ha quedado como nuevo the car is as good as new (now)algunas fotos quedaron mal some of the photos came out badlyha quedado precioso pintado de blanco it looks beautiful painted whiteha quedado acordado que … it has been agreed that …y que esto quede bien claro and I want to make this quite clear¿cómo quedó la cosa? ¿quién tenía razón? what happened in the end? who was right?¿dónde quedamos la clase pasada? where did we get (up) to in the last class?¿quién quedó en primer/último lugar? who was o who came first/last?(+ me/te/le etc): no me había quedado claro y se lo pregunté otra vez I hadn't quite understood o I hadn't got things quite clear, so I asked him againel postre te quedó riquísimo that dessert (you made) was deliciousB(en la opinión de los demás): si no vamos, quedamos mal it'll look bad if we don't goquedarás muy bien con ese regalo it's a lovely present, they'll be delightedme hiciste quedar muy mal diciendo eso you really showed me up saying thatse emborrachó y nos hizo quedar mal a todos he got drunk and embarrassed us allquedó en ridículo (por culpa propia) he made a fool of himself; (por culpa ajena) he was made to look a foolquedar mal/bien con algn: si no voy quedaré mal con ellos they won't think much of me o it won't go down very well if I don't turn upno se puede quedar bien con todo el mundo you can't please everybodylos invitó a todos para no quedar mal con nadie he invited them all so as not to offend anyone o to cause any offense*C(permanecer): quedaron en casa they stayed at home¿queda alguien adentro? is there anyone left inside?le quedó la cicatriz she was left with a scarlo lavé pero le quedó la mancha I washed it but the stain didn't come outesto no puede quedar así we can't leave/I'm not going to leave things like thisquedo a sus gratas órdenes ( frml) ( Corresp) Sincerely yours ( AmE), Yours faithfully o ( frml) I remain, yours faithfully ( BrE)le quedo a deber 5 euros I owe you 5 eurosquedar EN algo:todo ha quedado en un mero proyecto none of it has got beyond the planning stagetodos nuestros planes quedaron en nada all our plans came to nothingquedar atrás: pronto quedó atrás he soon fell behindhemos tenido nuestras diferencias pero todo eso ha quedado atrás we've had our differences but all that's behind us now o that's all water under the bridge nowD (+ me/te/le etc)1«tamaño/talla»: me queda grande/largo/apretado it's too big/long/tight for mela talla 12 le queda bien or (Col, Méx) le queda the size 12 fits (you/him) fine2(sentar): el azul te queda muy bien blue really suits you, you look really good in blueese peinado le quedaba muy bien that hairstyle really suited her, her hair looked really good like thatese vestido te queda estupendo that dress looks fantastic on you, you look great in that dressA (acordar, convenir) quedar EN algo:quedamos en eso, vienes tú a mi casa let's do that, then, you come to my house, so that's agreed, you're coming to my house¿al final en qué quedaron? what did you decide/arrange/agree in the end?¿en qué quedamos? ¿lo quieres o no? well o so, do you want it or not?¿entonces en qué quedamos? ¿nos vemos mañana o no? so, what's happening, then? are we meeting tomorrow or not?quedar EN + INFor ( AmL) quedar DE + INF:quedaron en no decirle nada they agreed o decided not to tell him anythingquedó en venir a las nueve she said she would come at nine, she arranged to come at ninequedar EN QUE:quedamos en que iría él a recogerlo we agreed o arranged that he would go and pick it upB(citarse): me tengo que ir porque he quedado con Rafael I have to go because I've arranged to meet Rafael¿a qué hora/dónde quedamos? what time/where shall we meet?quedé con unos amigos para cenar I arranged to meet some friends for dinner, I arranged to go out for dinner with some friendsSentido III (estar situado) to bequeda justo enfrente de la estación it's right opposite the station(+ me/te/le etc): puedo ir yo, me queda muy cerca I can go, it's very near where I live ( o work etc)A1(haber todavía): no queda café there's no coffee leftno quedan entradas there are no tickets leftsólo quedan las ruinas only the ruins remain(+ me/te/le etc): es el único pariente que me queda he is the only relative I have left, he is my only living relative¿te queda algo de dinero? do you have any money left?¿te ha quedado alguna duda? is there anything you still don't understand?me han quedado dos asignaturas (pendientes) I have to make up two subjects o take two subjects over ( AmE), I have to retake two subjects ( BrE)no nos queda más remedio que ir we have no alternative o no choice but to go, we'll just have to goya no me quedan fuerzas para seguir I no longer have the strength to go on, I don't have the strength to go on any moreme queda la satisfacción de haber cumplido con mi deber I have the satisfaction of having done my duty2 (sobrar) to be left, be left overme comí la ensalada que había quedado del almuerzo I ate up the salad that was left (over) from lunchel vino que quede se puede guardar para la próxima fiesta we can keep any wine that's left (over) for the next partyB1(faltar): quedan cinco minutos para que acabe la clase there are five minutes to go to o five minutes left to the end of the class¿cuántos kilómetros quedan? how many kilometers are there to go?, how far is it now?(+ me/te/le etc): todavía le quedan dos años he still has two years to go o do¡ánimo! ¡ya te queda poco para terminar! come on! you've almost finished!2 quedar POR + INF:quedan tres pacientes por ver there are three more patients to be seenaún queda gente por pagar some people haven't paid yet, some people still haven't paid(+ me/te/le etc): aún me queda todo esto por hacer I still have all this to dopor … que no quede ( Esp fam): venga, por intentarlo que no quede come on, let's at least give it a tryhazlo, por mí que no quede go ahead, don't let me stop you■ quedarseA1 (en un estado, una situación) (+ compl):te estás quedando calvo you're going baldse quedó huérfana/sorda a los seis años she was orphaned/she went deaf when she was six years oldcuando se fue me quedé muy sola when he left I felt very lonelyme quedé helado cuando me lo dijo I was staggered when she told mequédate tranquilo, yo me ocuparé del asunto don't (you) worry about it, I'll take care of itme quedé dormido en el sofá I fell asleep on the sofa2quedarse con/sin algo: ¿te has quedado con hambre? are you still hungry?me quedé sin postre I didn't get any dessertse ha quedado sin trabajo she's out of work, she's lost her jobme quedé sin saber qué había pasado I never did find out what had happened3( Esp) (llegar a ser) (+ me/te/le etc): el vestido se te ha quedado corto the dress is too short on you nowla casa se les está quedando pequeña the house is getting (to be) too small for them4 (olvidarse) (+ me/te/le etc):se me quedó el paraguas I left my umbrella behindB1(permanecer): pienso quedarme soltera I intend to stay singleno me gusta quedarme sola en casa I don't like being (left) on my own o being alone in the houseno te quedes ahí parado y haz algo don't just stand there, do something!nos quedamos charlando toda la noche we spent the whole night chattingse me quedó mirando he sat/stood there staring at me, he just stared at mela escena se me ha quedado grabada en la memoria the scene has remained engraved o is engraved on my memoryiba para pintor pero se quedó en profesor de dibujo he set out to be a painter but he ended up as an art teacherse quedó en la mesa de operaciones ( euf); he died on the operating tablede repente el motor se quedó ( AmL); the engine suddenly died on me2 (en un lugar) to stayquédate aquí stay hereme quedé a dormir en su casa I spent o stayed the night at his housenos quedamos en un hotel/en casa de unos amigos we stayed at a hotel/with some friendsse tuvo que quedar en el hospital una semana más she had to stay o remain in (the) hospital for another weekse quedó en casa/en la cama todo el día she stayed at home/in bed all dayA ‹cambio/lápiz› to keepquédatelo, yo tengo otro keep it, I have another onequedarse CON algo:quédate con la foto si quieres you can keep the photo o ( colloq) hang on to the photo if you wantse quedó con mi libro she kept my book, she didn't give my book backentre él y su mujer no sé con cuál de los dos me quedo there's not much to choose between him and his wifesi me lo rebaja me quedo con él if you knock something off the price, I'll take it ( colloq)quedarse con algn ( Esp fam) (burlarse de él) to have sb on ( colloq) (engañarlo) to take sb for a ride ( colloq)B( Chi) «pierna/brazo» (+ me/te/le etc): quiso levantarse pero se le quedó la pierna he tried to get up but he couldn't move his legse le queda la pierna al caminar he drags one leg when he walks* * *
quedar ( conjugate quedar) verbo intransitivo
1 (en un estado, una situación):◊ quedar viudo/huérfano to be widowed/orphaned;
quedó paralítico he was left paralyzed;
el coche quedó como nuevo the car is as good as new (now);
y que esto quede bien claro and I want to make this quite clear;
¿quién quedó en primer lugar? who was o came first?
2 ( en la opinión de los demás):◊ si no voy quedaré mal con ellos it won't go down very well o it'll look bad if I don't turn up;
lo hice para quedar bien con el jefe I did it to get in the boss's good books;
quedé muy bien con el regalo I made a very good impression with my present;
me hiciste quedar muy mal diciendo eso you really showed me up saying that;
nos hizo quedar mal a todos he embarrassed us all;
quedó en ridículo ( por culpa propia) he made a fool of himself;
( por culpa ajena) he was made to look a fool
3 ( permanecer):◊ ¿queda alguien adentro? is there anyone left inside?;
le quedó la cicatriz she was left with a scar;
esto no puede quedar así we can't leave things like this;
nuestros planes quedaron en nada our plans came to nothing;
quedar atrás [ persona] to fall behind;
[rencillas/problemas] to be in the past
4 (+ me/te/le etc)a) [tamaño/talla]:
la talla 12 le queda bien the size 12 fits (you/him) fineb) ( sentar):◊ el azul le queda bien/mal blue suits her/doesn't suit hera) (acordar, convenir):◊ ¿en qué quedaron? what did you decide?;
¿entonces en qué quedamos? so, what's happening, then?;
quedaron en or (AmL) de no decirle nada they agreed o decided not to tell him anything;
quedó en or (AmL) de venir a las nueve she said she would come at nineb) ( citarse):◊ ¿a qué hora quedamos? what time shall we meet?;
quedé con unos amigos para cenar I arranged to meet some friends for dinner
( estar situado) to be;
me queda muy lejos it's very far from where I live (o work etc)
(en 3a pers)
1
◊ ¿te queda algo de dinero? do you have any money left?;
¿queda café? is there any coffee left?;
solo quedan las ruinas only the ruins remain;
no nos queda más remedio que ir we have no choice but to go
2 ( faltar):
¿cuántos kilómetros quedan? how many kilometers are there to go?;
todavía le quedan dos años he still has two years to go o do;
queda mucho por ver there is still a lot to see;
aún me queda todo esto por hacer I still have all this to do;
no me/le queda otra (fam) I have/he has no choice
quedarse verbo pronominal
1
b) (en un estado, una situación) (+ compl):
quedarse dormido to fall asleep;
quedarse sin trabajo to lose one's job
2 (+ me/te/le etc)a) ( permanecer):
no me gusta quedarme sola en casa I don't like being alone in the house;
no te quedes ahí parado don't just stand there!;
nos quedamos charlando hasta tarde we went on chatting until late in the evening;
se me quedó mirando he sat/stood there staring at me;
de repente el motor se quedó (AmL) the engine suddenly died on meb) (Andes) ( olvidarse):
c) (Esp) ( llegar a ser):
‹cambio/lápiz› to keep;
me quedo con este I'll take this one
quedar verbo intransitivo
1 (en un estado) quedar bien, (una persona) to make a good impression
(un objeto) to look nice
quedar en ridículo, to make a fool of oneself
2 (en un lugar) to be: mi casa no queda lejos, my house is not far from here
3 (sobrar) to be left: ¿queda más té?, is there any tea left?
4 (faltar) (tiempo) to go: quedan dos días para las vacaciones, there are two days to go till the holidays
5 (convenir) to agree: quedamos en ir al cine, we agreed to go to the cinema
6 (citarse) to meet: quedaré con mi hermana, I'll arrange to meet my sister
7 (una ropa, un peinado, etc) to suit: te queda grande, it's too big for you
' quedar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
betún
- cumplir
- descolgarse
- embarazarse
- enmudecer
- estar
- lucirse
- restar
- sobrar
- sopa
- venir
- aire
- aislado
- anillo
- bailar
- calle
- constar
- descubierto
- desmano
- enganchar
- faltar
- lejísimos
- manifiesto
- mano
- rezagado
- tabla
English:
air
- appal
- appall
- arrange
- date
- egg
- fit
- flu
- gasp
- go
- leave
- lie
- long
- meet
- one-upmanship
- remain
- rest
- side
- smoke
- stand
- stand about
- stand around
- agree
- alternatively
- catch
- come
- get
- keep
- narrow
- out
- over
- place
- remand
- runner
- scar
- scot-free
- show
- strand
- unpunished
- water
- widow
* * *♦ vi1. [permanecer] to remain, to stay;nuestros problemas quedaron sin resolver our problems remained unsolved;los tipos de interés han quedado al mismo nivel interest rates have stayed o remained at the same level;no le quedaron secuelas del accidente he suffered no after-effects from the accident;Andes, RPen el apuro, quedaron los abrigos the coats got left behind o forgotten in the rush;quedo a su entera disposición para cualquier consulta [en cartas] I am available to answer any enquiries you may have;todo quedó en un buen susto she suffered nothing worse than a shock;el viaje quedó en proyecto the trip never got beyond the planning stage;todos nuestros problemas han quedado atrás all our problems are behind us now2. [haber aún] to be left, to remain;¿queda azúcar? is there any sugar left?;no queda azúcar there isn't any sugar left;no nos queda leche we're out of milk;queda gente dentro haciendo el examen there are still some people left inside doing the exam;queda poco del casco antiguo de la ciudad little remains of the old part of the city;nos quedan 50 pesos we have 50 pesos left;lo que quede dáselo al perro give whatever's left over to the dog;no me quedan ganas de seguir hablando I don't feel like talking any more;me queda la esperanza de volver algún día I can only hope that one day I will return;Amno queda otra there's nothing else for it;voy a tener que vender el auto para pagar las cuentas, no queda otra I'm going to have to sell the car to pay the bills, there's nothing else for it3. [faltar]¿cuánto queda para Buenos Aires? how much further is it to Buenos Aires?;quedan dos vueltas para que termine la carrera there are two laps to go until the end of the race;queda poco/un mes para las vacaciones there's not long to go/there's a month to go until the holidays, it's not long/it's a month until the holidays;queda mucho para mi cumpleaños my birthday's a long way off;me quedan dos días para terminar el trabajo I have two days (left) to finish the work;sólo me queda despedirme hasta la próxima semana all that remains is for me to say goodbye until next week;quedar por hacer to remain to be done;queda por fregar el suelo the floor has still to be cleaned;nos quedan bastantes sitios por visitar we still have quite a lot of places to visit4. [mostrarse, dar cierta imagen]quedar bien/mal (con alguien) to make a good/bad impression (on sb);le gusta quedar bien con todo el mundo he likes to keep everyone happy;quedaste estupendamente trayendo flores you made a very good impression by bringing flowers;voy a quedar fatal si no voy it'll look really bad if I don't go;no me hagas quedar mal don't show me up;quedaste como un mentiroso you ended up looking like o you came across like a liar;quedó como un idiota he ended up o he was left looking stupidel cuadro queda muy bien ahí the picture looks great there;el salón os ha quedado muy bonito the living-room has turned out lovely, you've made a great job of the living-room;quedar claro to be clear;no quiero que llegues después de las once, ¿queda claro? I don't want you back later than eleven, is that clear?;quedar en [llegar, acabar] to end in;quedar en quinto lugar, quedar el quinto to come fifth;quedar en nada to come to nothing;RP Famquedamos en veremos we left it openesta falda me queda un poco justa this skirt is a bit tight;¡qué bien te queda ese traje! that dress really suits you!, you look great in that dress!;esa camisa te queda mal that shirt doesn't suit you;¿te quedan bien los zapatos? do the shoes fit you?;quedar bien/mal con algo to go well/badly with sth;Méx Méxesas cortinas le quedan mal al salón those curtains don't go well in the living-room¿cuándo/dónde quedamos? when/where shall we meet?;hemos quedado el lunes we've arranged to meet on Monday;he quedado con Juan para jugar al tenis I've arranged to play tennis with Juan¿en qué has quedado? what have you decided to do?;quedar en que… to agree that…;quedé con ellos en que iría I told them I'd go;¿en qué quedamos? what's it to be, then?9. [estar situado] to be;queda por las afueras it's somewhere on the outskirts;¿por dónde queda? whereabouts is it?¿cuántas te han quedado? how many subjects from last year do you have to resit this year?♦ vtRP Famquedarla: no apuestes todo a una sola posibilidad porque si no sale, la quedás don't put all your eggs in one basket because if it doesn't work out, you've had it;¿quién la queda? [en juego] who's counting?♦ v impersonalpor mí que no quede don't let me be the one to stop you;que no quede por falta de dinero we don't want it to fall through for lack of money;por probar que no quede we should at least try it* * *v/i1 ( permanecer) stay;esto queda entre nosotros this is just between us;quedar cerca be nearbyquedó sin resolver it remained unresolved, it wasn’t sorted out;¿cómo quedó? how did it end up?;queda por hacer it still has o needs to be done3 ( sentar):4 ( sobrar) be left;¿queda mucho tiempo? is there much time left?;5 ( encontrarse):quedar con alguien fam arrange to meet (with) s.o.;¿dónde habíamos quedado? where had we arranged to meet?6 ( acordar):quedar en algo agree to sth;¿en qué quedamos? what did we agree?7:por mí que no quede it’s fine by me* * *quedar vi1) permanecer: to remain, to stay2) : to bequedamos contentos con las mejoras: we were pleased with the improvements3) : to be situatedqueda muy lejos: it's very far, it's too far away4) : to be leftquedan sólo dos alternativas: there are only two options left5) : to fit, to suitestos zapatos no me quedan: these shoes don't fit6)quedar bien (mal) : to turn out well (badly)7)quedar en : to agree, to arrange¿en qué quedamos?: what's the arrangement, then?* * *quedar vb1. (haber) to be left¿quedan cebollas? are there any onions left?2. (permanecer) to remain3. (tener) to have left4. (faltar) to have to do5. (distancia, tiempo)6. (resultar) to be7. (estar) to be¿dónde queda la estación? where's the station?¿a qué hora quedamos? what time shall we meet?9. (ponerse de acuerdo) to agree10. (sentar bien ropa) to suit -
27 circular
adj.1 circular.Su forma es circular Its shape is circular.2 orbicular.f.leaflet, circular, circular letter, flier.Ella me entregó la circular ayer She gave me the leaflet yesterday.v.1 to flow or circulate.2 to circulate.El sospechoso circuló mucho tiempo The suspect circulated a long time.La prensa circuló el rumor The press circulated=spread the rumor.3 to go round.4 to be spread, to go round.El rumor circula desde ayer The rumor was spread since yesterday.5 to distribute, to circulate, to deal out, to hand around.Ella circuló las invitaciones She circulated=handed out the invitations.* * *► adjetivo1 circular1 (carta) circular, circular letter1 (gen) to circulate, move, go round2 (líquido, electricidad) to circulate, flow4 figurado (rumor etc) to spread, get round\'Circule por la derecha' "Keep to the right"¡circulen! move along!* * *1. noun f. adj. 2. verb1) to circulate2) run3) walk4) flow* * *1. VI1) [vehículo] to runel metro no circula los domingos — the underground does not run on Sundays, there is no underground service on Sundays
este tren circula a muy alta velocidad — this train goes o travels o runs at very high speeds
mañana circularán muchos vehículos por las carreteras — there will be many vehicles on the roads tomorrow
2) [peatón] to walkpor favor, circulen por la acera — please walk on the pavement
¡circulen! — move along!
3) [ciudadano, mercancía] to move aroundlos españoles pueden circular libremente por la UE — Spaniards can move around freely o have free movement within the EU
4) [moneda] to be in circulation5) [sangre] to circulate; [agua] to flow6) [rumor] to go round, circulate2.VT to circulate3.ADJ (=redondo) circularun salón con o de forma circular — a circular o round hall
el autobús tiene un recorrido circular — the bus follows o has a circular route
4.SF (=carta) circular* * *Iadjetivo circularII 1.verbo intransitivo1) sangre/savia to circulate, flow; agua/corriente to flow2)a) transeúnte/peatón to walk; conductorcirculen, por favor! — move along please!
b) autobús/tren ( estar de servicio) to run, operate3) dinero/billete/sello to be in circulation4) noticia/rumor/memo to circulate, go around2.circular vt to circulateIIIfemenino circular* * *Iadjetivo circularII 1.verbo intransitivo1) sangre/savia to circulate, flow; agua/corriente to flow2)a) transeúnte/peatón to walk; conductorcirculen, por favor! — move along please!
b) autobús/tren ( estar de servicio) to run, operate3) dinero/billete/sello to be in circulation4) noticia/rumor/memo to circulate, go around2.circular vt to circulateIIIfemenino circular* * *circular11 = memo [memorandum], memorandum [memoranda -pl.; memo -abr.], news-sheet [newsheet], newsletter, circular letter.Ex: In most cases there was little substitution of e-mail for letters, memos, telephone calls, meetings or travel.
Ex: Among the documents that are worthy of consideration for abstracting are those which convey information that is likely to be difficult to access, such as foreign documents or internal reports and memoranda and other documents which a limited circulation.Ex: Short abstracts comprising only one or two sentences, for instance, may be valuable in commercial information services, or local government news-sheets of the type produced by public libraries.Ex: A newsletter is a serial publication consisting of one or a few printed sheets containing news and/or information of interest to a special group.Ex: The computer is also programmed to print out circular letters and address labels to obtain up-dated information, which are sent to agencies every six months.circular22 = roundabout, circular, rotary, cyclic.Ex: 'I think that's about it, isn't it, Malcolm?' she said, rubbing her hands with a roundabout motion.
Ex: Products under threat include; greeting cards, circulars, information sheets, newspapers and magazines.Ex: In 1895 a good London bindery would have the following machines: hand-fed folding machines, sewing machines, nipping machines (for pressing the sewn books before casing-in), cutting machines, rounding machines, backing machines, straight-knife trimming machines (guillotines), rotary board-cutting machines, power blocking presses, and hydraulic standing presses.Ex: This algorithm handles cyclic graphs without unfolding the cycles nor looping through them.* bandeja circular para diapositivas = carousel.* presentación circular de títulos = wrap-around.* sierra circular = buzz saw, circular saw.* tesauro circular = circular thesaurus.circular33 = make + the rounds, range, pump, cruise, drive, drive along.Ex: You may have seen the lines making the rounds of library e-mail: 'A Zen librarian searched for 'nothing' on the Internet and received 28 million hits'.
Ex: We will be bringing scholars from all over the world both to range widely in our multiform collections and put things together rather than just take them apart.Ex: All air entering the building should be pumped through tanks of water to remove pollutants.Ex: The system also has an add-on, which allows users with low vision to cruise the Internet using a low vision interface.Ex: Tomás Hernández drove cautiously in the torrential rain, trying not to swerve on the slick pavement of the turnpike.Ex: A motorist who drove along 20ft of a railway line told police officers his sat nav had directed him to turn on to the track.* apto para circular = roadworthy.* circulaba el rumor de que = rumour had it that.* circula el rumor de que = rumour has it that.* circular de uno a otro = flow + back and forth.* circular libremente = wander + at large.* circular por = navigate (through).* dejar de circular = drop out of + circulation.* hacer circular = pass around.* hacer circular por = circulate round.* rumor + circular = rumour + circulate.* * *1 ‹movimiento› circularde forma circular circular, round2 ‹ruta› circularviA «sangre/savia» to circulate, flow; «agua/corriente» to flowB1 «transeúnte/peatón» to walkel tráfico circulaba a 25 km/h the traffic was traveling at 25 kphcirculan por la izquierda they drive on the leftapenas circulaba gente por las calles there was hardly anybody (walking) in the streets¡circulen, por favor! move along please!2 «autobús/tren» (estar de servicio) to run, operateel autobús que circula entre estas dos poblaciones the bus which runs o operates between these two townsC «dinero/billete/sello» to be in circulationD «noticia/rumor» to circulate, go around ( colloq)circulan rumores sobre su divorcio there are rumors going around o circulating about their divorce■ circularvtto circulatecircular* * *
circular 1 adjetivo
circular;
■ sustantivo femenino
circular
circular 2 ( conjugate circular) verbo intransitivo
[agua/corriente] to flow
( referido al tráfico):
verbo transitivo
to circulate
circular
I adj (con forma de círculo) circular
II f (notificación) circular
III verbo intransitivo
1 (la sangre) to circulate
(un líquido, el aire) to flow
2 (tren, autobús) to run: los coches circulaban a gran velocidad, the cars were being driven very fast
(un peatón) to walk: peatón, circule por la izquierda, (en letrero) pedestrians, keep left
3 fig (difundirse un rumor) to go round
(moneda) to be in circulation
' circular' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
rotonda
- redondel
English:
bandy about
- circular
- circulate
- flow
- get about
- go about
- move along
- move on
- pass round
- pie chart
- put about
- roadworthy
- run
- disk
- mingle
- move
- road
- round
- socialize
* * *♦ adjcircular♦ nfcircular♦ viabre la ventana para que circule el aire open the window to let some air inel tren de alta velocidad circula a 200 km/h the high-speed train travels at 200 km/h;en el Reino Unido se circula por la izquierda they drive on the left in the United Kingdom4. [moneda] to be in circulation5. [capital, dinero] to circulate6. [difundirse] to go round;circula el rumor de que ha muerto there's a rumour going round that he's died;la noticia circuló rápidamente the news quickly got round♦ vt[de mano en mano] to circulate;hicieron circular un documento secreto entre los periodistas they had a secret document circulated among the press* * *I adj circularII f circularIII v/i1 circulate2 AUTO drive, travel3 de persona move (along);¡circulen! move along!* * *circular vi1) : to circulate2) : to move along3) : to drivecircular adj: circularcircular nf: circular, flier* * *circular vb1. (sangre) to circulatecirculan muchos coches por esta calle a lot of cars use this street / this is a very busy street1.700 autobuses circulan por la capital there are 1,700 buses operating in the capital4. (rumor) to go round -
28 फलम् _phalam
फलम् [फल्-अच्]1 Fruit (fig. also) as of a tree; उदेति पूर्वं कुसुमं ततः फलम् Ś.7.3; R.4.43;1.49.-2 Crop, produce; कृषिफलम् Me.16.-3 A result, fruit, consequence, effect; अत्युत्कटैः पापपुण्यैरिहैव फलमश्नुते H.1.8; फलेन ज्ञास्यसि Pt.1; न नवः प्रभुराफलोदयात् स्थिरकर्मा विरराम कर्मणः R.8.22;1.33; अनिष्टमिष्टं मिश्रं च त्रिविधं कर्मणः फलम् Bg.18.12.-4 (Hence) Reward, recompense, meed, retribution (good or bad); फलमस्योपहासस्य सद्यः प्राप्स्यसि पश्य माम् R.12.37.-5 A deed, act (opp. words); ब्रुवते हि फलेन साधवो न तु कण्ठेन निजोपयोगिताम् N.2.48 'good men prove their usefulness by deeds, not by words'.-6 Aim, object, purpose; परेङ्गितज्ञानफला हि बुद्धयः Pt.1.43; किमपेक्ष्य फलम् Ki.2.21, 'with what object in view; Me.56.-7 Use, good, profit, advantage; जगता वा विफलेन किं फलम् Bv.2.61.-8 Profit or interest on capital.-9 Progeny, offspring; तस्यापनोदाय फलप्रवृत्तावुपस्थितायामपि निर्व्यपेक्षः (त्यक्षामि) R.14.39.-1 A kernel (of a fruit).-11 A tablet or board (शारिफल).-12 A blade (of a sword).-13 The point or head of an arrow, dart &c.; barb; आरामुखं क्षुरप्रं च गोपुच्छं चार्धचन्द्रकम् । सूचीमुखं च भल्लं च वत्सदन्तं द्विभल्लकम् ॥ कर्णिकं काकतुण्डं च तथान्यान्यप्यनेकशः । फलानि देशभेदेन भवन्ति बहुरूपतः ॥ Dhanur.64-5; फलयोगमवाप्य सायकानाम् Ms.7.1; Ki.14.52.-14 A shield.-15 A testicle; अकर्तव्यमिदं यस्माद् विफलस्त्वं भविष्यसि Rām.1.48.27.-16 A gift.-17 The result of a calculation (in Math.)-18 Product or quotient.-19 Menstrual discharge.-2 Nutmeg.-21 A ploughshare.-22 Loss, disadvantage.-23 The second (or third) term in a rule-of-three sum.-24 Correlative equation.-25 The area of a figure.-26 The three myrobalans (त्रिफला).-27 A point on a die.-28 Benefit, enjoyment; ईश्वरा भूरिदानेन यल्लभन्ते फलं किल Pt.2.72.-29 Compensation; यावत् सस्यं विनश्येत् तु तावत् स्यात् क्षेत्रिणः फलम् Y.2.161.-3 A counterpart (प्रतिबिम्ब); तन्मायाफलरूपेण केवलं निर्विकल्पितम् Bhāg.11.24.3.-31 Shoulder-blade; तस्यां स फलके खड्गं निजघान ततो$ङ्गदः Rām.6.76.1.-Comp. -अदनः = फलाशनः q. v.; a parrot.-अधिकारः a claim for wages.-अध्यक्षः Mimu- sops Kauki (Mār. खिरणी).-अनुबन्धः succession or sequence of fruits or results.-अनुमेय a. to be inferred from the results or consequences; फलानुमेयाः प्रारम्भाः संस्काराः प्राक्तना इव R.1.2.-अनुसरणम् 1 rate of profits.-2 following or reaping consequences.-अन्तः a bamboo.-अन्वेषिन् a. seeking for reward or recompense (of actions).-अपूर्वम् The mystic power which produces the consequences of a sacrificial act.-अपेक्षा expectation of the fruits or consequences (of acts), regard to results.-अपेत a. useless, unfertile, unpro- ductive.-अम्लः a kind of sorrel. (-म्लम्) tamarind. ˚पञ्चकम् the five sour fruits; bergumot (जम्बीर), orange (नारिङ्ग), sorrel (आम्लवेतस), tamarind (चिञ्चा) and a citron (मातुलुङ्ग, Mar. महाळुंग).-अशनः a parrot.-अस्थि n. a cocoa-nut.-आकाङ्क्षा expectation of (good) re- sults; see फलापेक्षा.-आगमः 1 production of fruits, load of fruits; भवन्ति नम्रास्तरवः फलागमैः Ś.5.12.-2 the fruit season, autumn.-आढ्य a. full of or abounding in fruits. (-ढ्या) a kind of plantain.-आरामः a fruit- garden, orchard.-आसक्त a.1 fond of fuits.-2 attach- ed to fruits, fond of getting fruit (of actions done).-आसवः a decoction of fruit.-आहारः feeding or living on fruits, fruit-meal.-इन्द्रः a species of Jambū (Rājajambū).-उच्चयः a collection of fruits.-उत्तमा 1 a kind of grapes (having no stones).-2 = त्रिफला.-उत्पत्तिः f.1 production of fruit.-2 profit, gain. (-त्तिः) the mango tree (sometimes written फलोत्पति in this sense).-उत्प्रेक्षा a kind of comparison.-उदयः 1 ap- pearance of fruit, production of results or consequences, attainment of success or desired object; आफलोदयकर्मणाम् R.1.5;8.22.-2 profit, gain.-3 retribution, punishment.-4 happiness, joy.-5 heaven.-उद्गमः appear- ance of fruits; भवन्ति नम्रास्तरवः फलोद्गमैः Ś.5.12 (v. l.).-उद्देशः regard to results; see फलापेक्षा.-उन्मुख a. about to give fruit.- उपगम a. bearing fruit.-उपजीविन् a. living by cultivating or selling fruits.-उपभोगः 1 enjoyment of fruit.-2 partaking of reward.-उपेत a. yielding fruit, fruitful, fortile.-काम a. one who is desirous of fruit; धर्मवाणिजका मूढा फलकामा नराधमाः । अर्चयन्ति जगन्नाथं ते कामं नाप्नुवन्त्युत ॥ (मल. त. Śabda. ch.)-कामना desire of fruits or consequences.-कालः fruit- season.-केसरः the cocoanut tree.-कोशः, -षः, कोशकः the scrotum (covering of the testicles).-खण्डनम् frustration of fruits or results, disappointment.-खेला a quail.-ग्रन्थः (in astrol.) a work describing the effects of celestial phenomena on the destiny of men; Bṛi. S.-ग्रहः deriving benefit or advantage.-ग्रही, -ग्राहिन् a. (also फलेग्रहि and फलेग्राहिन्) fruitful, yielding or bearing fruit in season; श्लाध्यतां कुलमुपैति पैतृकं स्यान्मनोरथतरुः फलेग्रहिः Kir. K.3.6; Māl.9.39; भूष्णुरात्मा फलेग्रहिः Ait. Br. (शुनःशेप legend); फलेग्रहीन् हंसि वनस्पतीनाम् Bk.; द्वितीयो ह्यवकेशी स्यात् प्रथमस्तु फलेग्रहिः Śiva. B.16.27. (-m.) a fruit-tree.-ग्रहिष्णु a. fruitful.-चोरकः a kind of perfume (Mar. चोरओवा).- छदनम a house built of wooden boards.-तन्त्र a. aiming only at one's advantage.-त्रयम्, -त्रिकम् the three myrobalans (त्रिफला).-द, -दातृ, -प्रद a.1 productive, fruitful, bearing fruit; फलदानां तु वृक्षाणां छेदने जप्यमृक्शतम् Ms.11.142; गते$पि वयसि ग्राह्या विद्या सर्वात्मना बुधैः ।...... अन्यत्र फलदा भवेत् ॥ Subhāṣ.-2 bringing in gain or profit.-3 giving a reward, rewarding. (-दः) a tree.-धर्मन् a. ripening soon and then falling on the ground, perishing; फेनधर्मा महाराज फलधर्मा तथैव च। निमेषादपि कौन्तेय यस्यायुरपचीयते Mb.3.35.2-3.-निर्वृत्ति f. final consequence or reward.-निवृत्तिः f. cessation of consequences.-निष्पत्तिः f.1 production of fruit.-2 attainment of reward.-परिणतिः f.,-परिणामः, -पाकः (-फलेपाकः also)1 the ripening of fruit.-2 the fulness of cousequences.-पाकः Carissa Carandas (Mar. करवंद).-पाकान्ता, -पाकावसाना an annual plant; ओषध्यः फलपाकान्ताः Ak.-पातनम् knocking down or gathering fruit.-पादपः a fruit-tree.-पूरः, -पूरकः the common citron tree; एतस्मिन् फलपूरबीजनिकरभ्रान्त्या नितान्तारुणे संप्राप्तेषु शुकेषु पञ्जरशुका निर्गन्तुमुद्युञ्जते । Rām. Ch.7.86.-प्रजननम् the produc- tion of fruit.-प्रदानम् 1 the giving of fruits.-2 a ceremony at weddings.-प्राप्तिः f. attainment of the desired fruit of object.-प्रिया 1 the Priyaṅgu plant.-2 a species of crow.-प्रेप्सु a. desirous of attaining results.-बन्धिन् a. forming or developing fruit.-भागः a share in any product or profit.-भागिन्, -भाज् a. partaking of a reward or profit; दातॄन् प्रतिग्रहीतॄ प्रतिग्रहीतॄश्च कुरुते फल- भागिनः Ms.3.143.-भावना The acquisition of a result; success; सुपर्वणां हि स्फुटभावना या सा पूर्वरूपं फलभावनायाः N.14. 7.-भुज् m. a monkey; P. R.-भूमन् m. greater fruit; क्रतुवच्चानुमानेनाभ्यासे फलभूमा स्यात् MS.11.1.29.-भूयस्त्वम् (see फलभूमन् above); यथा कर्मसु सौर्यादिषु फलं कर्मणा क्रियत इति कर्माभ्यासे फलभूयस्त्वमेवमिहापि ŚB. on MS.11.1.29.-भूमिः f. a place where one receives the reward or recompense of his deeds (i. e. heaven or hell).-भृत् a. bearing fruit, fruitful.-भोगः 1 enjoyment of consequences.-2 usufruct.-मत्स्या the aloe plant.-मुख्या a species of plant (अजमोदा).-मूलम् fruits and roots; फलमूलाशिनौ दान्तौ Rāmarakṣā 18.-योगः 1 the attainment of fruit or the desired object; Mu.7.1.-2 wages, remuneration.-3 a stage in the perform- ance of a drama; सावस्था फलयोगः स्यात् यः समग्रफलागमः S. D.-राजन् m. a water-melon.-राशिः m. the 3rd term in the rule of three.-वन्ध्यः a tree barren of fruit.-वर्णिका jelly (?); Gaṇeśa P.2.149.-वर्तिः f. a coarse wick of cloth besmeared with some laxative and inserted into the anus for discharging the bowels, suppository.-वर्तुलम् a watermelon.-वल्ली a series of quotients.-विक्रयिन् a. a fruit-seller.-वृक्षः a fruit-tree.-वृक्षकः the bread-fruit tree.-शाडवः the pome- granate tree.-शालिन् a.1 bearing fruit, fruitful.-2 sharing in the consequences.-शैशिरः the Badara tree.-श्रेष्ठः the mango tree.-संस्थ a. bearing fruit.-संपद् f.1 abundance of fruit.-2 success.-3 prosperity.-साधनम् a means of effecting any desired object, realization of an object-सिद्धिः f.1 reaping fruit, attainment or realization of the desired object.-2 a prosperous result.-स्थानम् the stage in which results are enjoyed; Buddh.-स्थापनम् the sacrament called सीमन्तोन्नयन; फलस्थापनात् मातापितृजं पाप्मानमपोहति Hārīta.-स्नेहः a walnut tree.-हारी an epithet of Kālī or Durgā-हानिः loss of profit-हीन a. yielding no fruit or profit.-हेतु a. acting with a view to results. -
29 부활
n. resurrection, revival, resuscitation, act of bringing back to life; renewal, restoration; reactivation; series of meetings intended to increase religious belief and interest (Christianity) -
30 снижать
1. abateделать скидку, снижать цену — to abate of the price
2. allow an abatement3. degress4. force down pricesехать медленнее, снижать скорость — to gear down a car
снижать; сбивать цены — force down prices
снижающий; снижение — bringing down
снижать, сокращать — to cut down
5. make an abatement6. slacken7. slow8. take in9. bring down10. bring11. cut12. decline13. drop14. subside15. abase16. abased17. abatable18. cut downснижать, понижать — tone down
19. cuttingснижать инфляцию; снижение инфляции — cutting inflation
20. ease21. easing22. fall back23. low24. mark down25. slowedснижайте скорость, проезжая по городской улице — slow up when driving through a city street
26. slowing27. lower; reduce; decrease«не снижать» — do not reduce
28. reduceСинонимический ряд:уменьшать (глаг.) понижать; сбавлять; убавлять; уменьшатьАнтонимический ряд: -
31 Donisthorpe, George Edmond
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]fl. c.1842 England[br]English inventor of a wool-combing machine.[br]Edmund Cartwright's combing machine needed a great deal of improvement before it could be used to tackle the finer qualities of wool. Various people carried out experiments over the next thirty years, including G.E.Donisthorpe of Leicester. Together with Henry Rawson, Donisthorpe obtained his first patent for improvements to wool combing in 1835, but his important ones were obtained in 1842 and 1843. These attracted the attention of S.C. Lister, who had become interested in developing a machine to comb wool after seeing the grim working conditions of the hand-combers supplying his mill at Manningham. Lister was quick to perceive that Donisthorpe's invention carried sufficient promise to replace the hand-comber, so in 1842 he made Donisthorpe an offer, which was accepted, of £2,000 for half the patent rights. In the following year Lister purchased the other half of the patent for £10,000, whereby Donisthorpe ceased to have any pecuniary interest in it. Lister took Donisthorpe into partnership and they worked together over the ensuing years with patience and diligence until they eventually succeeded in bringing out a combing machine that was generally acceptable. They were combing fine botany wool for the first time by machine in 1843. Further patents were taken out in their joint names in 1849 and 1850: these included the "nip" mechanism, the priority of which was disputed by Heilmann. Donisthorpe also took out patents for wool combing with John Whitehead in 1849 and John Crofts in 1853.[br]Bibliography1835, British patent no. 6,808 (improvements to wool combing). 1842. British patent no. 9,404.1843. British patent no. 9,966.1843, British patent no. 9,780.1849, with S.C.Lister, British patent no. 12,712.1849, with S.C.Lister, British patent no. 13,009. 1849, with S.C.Lister, British patent no. 13,532. 1849, with John Whitehead, British patent no. 12,603. 1853, with John Crofts, British patent no. 216.Further ReadingJ.Hogg (ed.), c.1888, Fortunes Made in Business, London (provides an account of the association between Donisthorpe and Lister).W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London (explains the technical details of combing machines).C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press (includes a good section on combing machines).RLHBiographical history of technology > Donisthorpe, George Edmond
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32 Fokker, Anthony Herman Gerard
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. 6 April 1890 Kediri, Java, Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia)d. 23 December 1939 New York, USA[br]Dutch designer of German fighter aircraft during the First World War and of many successful airliners during the 1920s and 1930s.[br]Anthony Fokker was born in Java, where his Dutch father had a coffee plantation. The family returned to the Netherlands and, after schooling, young Anthony went to Germany to study aeronautics. With the aid of a friend he built his first aeroplane, the Spin, in 1910: this was a monoplane capable of short hops. By 1911 Fokker had improved the Spin and gained a pilot's licence. In 1912 he set up a company called Fokker Aeroplanbau at Johannistal, outside Berlin, and a series of monoplanes followed.When war broke out in 1914 Fokker offered his designs to both sides, and the Germans accepted them. His E I monoplane of 1915 caused a sensation with its manoeuvrability and forward-firing machine gun. Fokker and his collaborators improved on the French deflector system introduced by Raymond Saulnier by fitting an interrupter gear which synchronized the machine gun to fire between the blades of the rotating propeller. The Fokker Dr I triplane and D VII biplane were also outstanding German fighters of the First World War. Fokker's designs were often the work of an employee who received little credit: nevertheless, Fokker was a gifted pilot and a great organizer. After the war, Fokker moved back to the Netherlands and set up the Fokker Aircraft Works in Amsterdam. In 1922, however, he emigrated to the USA and established the Atlantic Aircraft Corporation in New Jersey. His first significant success there came the following year when one of his T-2 monoplanes became the first aircraft to fly non-stop across the USA, from New York to San Diego. He developed a series of civil aircraft using the well-proven method of construction he used for his fighters: fuselages made from steel tubes and thick, robust wooden wings. Of these, probably the most famous was the F VII/3m, a high-wing monoplane with three engines and capable of carrying about ten passengers. From 1925 the F VII/3m airliner was used worldwide and made many record-breaking flights, such as Lieutenant-Commander Richard Byrd's first flight over the North Pole in 1926 and Charles Kingsford-Smith's first transpacific flight in 1928. By this time Fokker had lost interest in military aircraft and had begun to see flight as a means of speeding up global communications and bringing people together. His last years were spent in realizing this dream, and this was reflected in his concentration on the design and production of passenger aircraft.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRoyal Netherlands Aeronautical Society Gold Medal 1932.Bibliography1931, The Flying Dutchman: The Life of Anthony Fokker, London: Routledge \& Sons (an interesting, if rather biased, autobiography).Further ReadingA.R.Weyl, 1965, Fokker: The Creative Years, London; reprinted 1988 (a very detailed account of Fokker's early work).Thijs Postma, 1979, Fokker: Aircraft Builders to the World, Holland; 1980, English edn, London (a well-illustrated history of Fokker and the company).Henri Hegener, 1961, Fokker: The Man and His Aircraft, Letchworth, Herts.JDS / CMBiographical history of technology > Fokker, Anthony Herman Gerard
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33 Poulsen, Valdemar
[br]b. 23 November 1869 Copenhagen, Denmarkd. 23 July 1942 Gentofte, Denmark[br]Danish engineer who developed practical magnetic recording and the arc generator for continuous radio waves.[br]From an early age he was absorbed by phenomena of physics to the exclusion of all other subjects, including mathematics. When choosing his subjects for the final three years in Borgedydskolen in Christianshavn (Copenhagen) before university, he opted for languages and history. At the University of Copenhagen he embarked on the study of medicine in 1889, but broke it off and was apprenticed to the machine firm of A/S Frichs Eftf. in Aarhus. He was employed between 1893 and 1899 as a mechanic and assistant in the laboratory of the Copenhagen Telephone Company KTAS. Eventually he advanced to be Head of the line fault department. This suited his desire for experiment and measurement perfectly. After the invention of the telegraphone in 1898, he left the laboratory and with responsible business people he created Aktieselskabet Telegrafonen, Patent Poulsen in order to develop it further, together with Peder Oluf Pedersen (1874– 1941). Pedersen brought with him the mathematical background which eventually led to his professorship in electronic engineering in 1922.The telegraphone was the basis for multinational industrial endeavours after it was demonstrated at the 1900 World's Exhibition in Paris. It must be said that its strength was also its weakness, because the telegraphone was unique in bringing sound recording and reproduction to the telephone field, but the lack of electronic amplifiers delayed its use outside this and the dictation fields (where headphones could be used) until the 1920s. However, commercial interest was great enough to provoke a number of court cases concerning patent infringement, in which Poulsen frequently figured as a witness.In 1903–4 Poulsen and Pedersen developed the arc generator for continuous radio waves which was used worldwide for radio transmitters in competition with Marconi's spark-generating system. The inspiration for this work came from the research by William Duddell on the musical arc. Whereas Duddell had proposed the use of the oscillations generated in his electric arc for telegraphy in his 1901 UK patent, Poulsen contributed a chamber of hydrogen and a transverse magnetic field which increased the efficiency remarkably. He filed patent applications on these constructions from 1902 and the first publication in a scientific forum took place at the International Electrical Congress in St Louis, Missouri, in 1904.In order to use continuous waves efficiently (the high frequency constituted a carrier), Poulsen developed both a modulator for telegraphy and a detector for the carrier wave. The modulator was such that even the more primitive spark-communication receivers could be used. Later Poulsen and Pedersen developed frequency-shift keying.The Amalgamated Radio-Telegraph Company Ltd was launched in London in 1906, combining the developments of Poulsen and those of De Forest Wireless Telegraph Syndicate. Poulsen contributed his English and American patents. When this company was liquidated in 1908, its assets were taken over by Det Kontinentale Syndikat for Poulsen Radio Telegrafi, A/S in Copenhagen (liquidated 1930–1). Some of the patents had been sold to C.Lorenz AG in Berlin, which was very active.The arc transmitting system was in use worldwide from about 1910 to 1925, and the power increased from 12 kW to 1,000 kW. In 1921 an exceptional transmitter rated at 1,800 kW was erected on Java for communications with the Netherlands. More than one thousand installations had been in use worldwide. The competing systems were initially spark transmitters (Marconi) and later rotary converters ( Westinghouse). Similar power was available from valve transmitters only much later.From c. 1912 Poulsen did not contribute actively to further development. He led a life as a well-respected engineer and scientist and served on several committees. He had his private laboratory and made experiments in the composition of matter and certain resonance phenomena; however, nothing was published. It has recently been suggested that Poulsen could not have been unaware of Oberlin Smith's work and publication in 1888, but his extreme honesty in technical matters indicates that his development was indeed independent. In the case of the arc generator, Poulsen was always extremely frank about the inspiration he gained from earlier developers' work.[br]Bibliography1899, British patent no. 8,961 (the first British telegraphone patent). 1903, British patent no. 15,599 (the first British arc-genera tor patent).His scientific publications are few, but fundamental accounts of his contribution are: 1900, "Das Telegraphon", Ann. d. Physik 3:754–60; 1904, "System for producing continuous oscillations", Trans. Int. El. Congr. St. Louis, Vol. II, pp. 963–71.Further ReadingA.Larsen, 1950, Telegrafonen og den Traadløse, Ingeniørvidenskabelige Skrifter no. 2, Copenhagen (provides a very complete, although somewhat confusing, account of Poulsen's contributions; a list of his patents is given on pp. 285–93).F.K.Engel, 1990, Documents on the Invention of Magnetic Re cor ding in 1878, New York: Audio Engineering Society, reprint no. 2,914 (G2) (it is here that doubt is expressed about whether Poulsen's ideas were developed independently).GB-N -
34 διακονία
διακονία, ας, ἡ (s. διακονέω, διάκονος; Thu. et al.; IG XII/5, 600, 14 [III B.C.]; PFouad 25 verso I, 1 [II A.D.]; 1 Macc 11:58; Esth 6:3, 5 [both v.l.]; TestJob 11:1ff, 15:1; Joseph.)① service rendered in an intermediary capacity, mediation, assignment, δ. τῆς λειτουργίας mediation of this public obligation 2 Cor 9:12; cp. 13. ἡ δ. ἡ εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ my embassy in behalf of J. (=my role as delivery agent [for the gift] for J. The v.l. δωροφορία indicates that δ. denotes intermediary function; the context informs the reader that the mission involves the bringing of a gift) Ro 15:31; cp. 2 Cor 8:4; 9:1.—On the ‘collection’: ELombard, RTP 35, 1902, 113–39; 262–81; MGoguel, RHPR 4, 1925, 301–18; KNickle, The Collection ’66.—πνεύματα εἰς δ. ἀποστελλόμενα spirits sent out on assignment Hb 1:14.ⓐ gener. service πρὸς τὸν καταρτισμὸν τ. ἁγίων εἰς ἔργον διακονίας to prepare God’s people for productive service Eph 4:12 (the rendering [as later edd. of RSV, also NRSV, REB] assumes that no comma, as in KJV, RV, RSV1, JB et al., is to be placed before εἰς [difft. 3 below]); δ. τοῦ λόγου Ac 6:4; ἡ ὑμῶν δ. service to you 2 Cor 11:8.—1 Cor 16:15; 2 Ti 4:11; Rv 2:19.ⓑ specif. engagement in preparations for a social event, such as a meal (s. Plut., Philopoem. 357 [2, 3]: a Megarian hostess mistakes the statesman P. for one of his aides and sets him to chop wood as part of the διάκονια or preparations for a meal; Jos., Ant. 2, 65; 11, 163 διακονεῖν τινι τὴν ἐπὶ τοῦ πότου διακονίαν) περιεσπᾶτο περὶ πολλὴν δ. (Martha) was distracted w. many preparations Lk 10:40.③ functioning in the interest of a larger public, service, office of the prophets and apostles 1 Ti 1:12; κλῆρος τῆς δ. Ac 1:17; τόπος τῆς δ. vs. 25. Of the service of the Levites 1 Cl 40:5; the office of an ecclesiastical overseer IPhld 1:1; 10:2; ISm 12:1; Hs 9, 27, 2; δ. λαμβάνειν receive a ministry Ac 20:24. διαιρέσεις διακονιῶν 1 Cor 12:5; δ. τοῦ θανάτου ministry of death: of the OT law 2 Cor 3:7. Also δ. τῆς κατακρίσεως min. of condemnation vs. 9. Opp. δ. τῆς δικαιοσύνης min. of righteousness ibid.; δ. τοῦ πνεύματος min. of the Spirit vs. 8 of service in behalf of the Gospel; cp. Ac 21:19; Ro 11:13; 2 Cor 4:1; 6:3; Col 4:17; 2 Ti 4:5; δ. τῆς καταλλαγῆς ministry of reconciliation 2 Cor 5:18; τὴν δ. τελέσαι carry out this assignment Hm 2:6; concerning obedience and exhortation 12, 3, 3; Hs 1:9; 2:7. τελειῶσαι … τὴν δʼ discharge … my responsibility Ac 20:34.—Eph 4:12 belongs here if, with KJV, RV, RSV1 et al. and contrary to N. and other edd., a comma is placed before εἰς (s. Collins [at 5, end, below] 233f).④ rendering of specific assistance, aid, support (Arrian, Peripl. 3, 1 εἰς διακονίαν=for support), esp. of alms and charitable giving (AcThom 59 [Aa II/2, 176, 2] χρήματα πολλὰ εἰς διακονίαν τῶν χηρῶν=much money to take care of the widows) Ac 6:1. εἰς δ. πέμψαι τί τινι send someone someth. for support 11:29; cp. 12:25.⑤ an administrative function, service as attendant, aide, or assistant (Eng. loanw. ‘deacon’; Hippol., Ref. 7, 36, 3) Ro 12:7 (Ltzm., ZWT 55, 1913, 110); IMg 6:1; IPhld 10:2; Hs 9, 26, 2.—PAbbing, Diakonia, diss. Utrecht ’50; BReicke, Diakonie, Festfreude u. Zelos usw. ’51, 19–164; RAC III 909–17; WBrandt, Dienst u. Duienen im NT ’31 (diss. Münster: Diakonie u. das NT, 1923); JCollins, Diakonia ’90.—DELG s.v. διάκονος. M-M. TW. Sv.
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