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1 bluffs
Блеф -
2 bluffs
vატყუებს, ნდობას იპოვებს, სიცრუე, მატყუარები -
3 Council Bluffs
Город на юго-западе штата Айова, расположен на отвесных берегах [bluffs] р. Миссури [ Missouri River] напротив г. Омаха [ Omaha], шт. Небраска; подвержен наводнениям. 58,2 тыс. жителей (2000). Административный центр [ county seat] округа Поттаватами [Pottawattamie County] (с 1851). Центр крупного сельскохозяйственного района. Зернохранилища, железнодорожные депо, пищевая промышленность, производство сельхозоборудования, мебели, изделий из дуба и ореха. Железнодорожный узел, речной порт. В июле 1804 через эти места прошла экспедиция Льюиса и Кларка [ Lewis and Clark Expedition; Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail] - здесь состоялась их встреча [council] с представителями местных племен. Фактория [ trading post] создана в 1824, а поселок основан в 1846 переселенцами-мормонами [ Mormons], называвшими его Миллерс-Холлоу [Miller's Hollow], Каунсил-Пойнт [Council Point], Кейнсвилл [Kanesville]; после их переселения на Запад [ West] в 1852 получил современное название, а через год - статус города [ city]. В период калифорнийской золотой лихорадки [ Gold Rush] был перевалочным пунктом, а в 1863 стал восточным терминалом железной дороги "Юнион Пасифик" [ Union Pacific Railroad], важным торгово-промышленным центром. Местный колледж Западной Айовы [Iowa Western Community College] (1966). Среди достопримечательностей - дом основателя железной дороги генерала Доджа [Dodge House; Historic General Dodge House], несколько железнодорожных музеев; в пригороде - парк с памятником Льюису и Кларку [Lewis and Clark Monument Park]; памятник Линкольну [Lincoln Monument] в честь приезда А. Линкольна [ Lincoln, Abraham] в город (1859); стадион "Блафф-Ран", где проводятся гонки борзых [Bluff Run Greyhound Race Track], горнолыжный курорт "Кресент-Хилс" [Crescent Hills Ski Area].English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Council Bluffs
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4 Council Bluffs
География: (г.) Каунсил-Блафс (шт. Айова, США) -
5 Oak Bluffs
амер. геогр. Оук-Блаффс (город в шт. Массачусетс)Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > Oak Bluffs
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6 Council Bluffs
г. Каунсил-Блафс (шт. Айова, США)* * *Каунсил-Блафс (США, шт. Айова) -
7 Hanging Rock
сущ.; собст.; SK, DT 4Одиноко торчащая из земли скала на равнине между Спуском и скалистой возвышенностью, находящаяся на большом расстояние к западу от Хэмбри. У этой скалы сосредотачивались цистерны с нефтью из Ситго, откуда их должены были забрать люди Джорджа Латиго. Однако во время атаки ка-тета Роланда эти запасы были уничтожили, а отряд Латиго оказался в ловушке каньона Молнии, находящегося ещё двумя милями западнее Скалы.The distance between the end of the Drop and the bluffs was perhaps six miles. Three quarters of the way across, they passed the flatlands’ only real geographic feature: a jutting upthrust of rock that looked like a finger bent at the first knuckle. Below it was a small, boomerang-shaped greensward, and when Cuthbert gave a ululating yell to hear his voice bounce back at him from the bluffs ahead, a pack of chattering billy-bumblers broke from this greenplace and went racing back southeast, toward the Drop. / “That’s Hanging Rock,” Roland said. “There’s a spring at the base of it—only one in these parts, they say.” — Границу Спуска и скалы разделяло миль шесть. Путь их проходил по равнине. Лишь в одном месте они увидели торчащую из плоской земли скалу, похожую на палец, согнутый в первой фаланге. Под скалой зеленела полянка, формой напоминающая бумеранг. Когда Катберт заулюлюкал, чтобы услышать, как его голос эхом отражается от скал, стайка ушастиков-путаников сорвалась с полянки и умчалась на юго-восток, к Спуску. / – Это Скала Висельников, – пояснил Роланд. – У основания бьет ключ… говорят, единственный в этих местах. (ТБ 4)
English-Russian dictionary of neologisms from a series of books by Stephen King "Dark Tower" > Hanging Rock
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8 каунсил блуффс
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > каунсил блуффс
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9 CB
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Critical Biotope, любительский радиодиапазон, орган сертификации, сертификационный центр, сертификационная организация (certification body), Contractors Board2) Компьютерная техника: Card Bus, Clean Boot3) Авиация: conveyor belt4) Спорт: Chat Box5) Военный термин: Cast Bullet, Clean Burn, Code Breakers, Common Battery, Complex Burst, Crash And Burn, Cross Bow, carrier-borne, casualty branch, cavalry brigade, chemical and biological, coastal battery, cobalt bomb, code book, compass bearing, confidential book, confidential bulletin, configuration baseline, confinement to barracks, conical ball, construction battalion, contract brief, control block, control branch, coordination board, counterbattery, counterbombardment, cryptographic bureau, Си-Би (ОВ раздражающего действия)6) Техника: C-bias, Citizen's Band Radio, capacitor bank, changed bit, changing bits, citizen band, citizen radio band, clear back, common base, condition bit, conducting band, containment building, control buffer, control building, cosmic background7) Сельское хозяйство: carbon balance8) Шутливое выражение: Celestial Baby9) Химия: Conduction Band10) Метеорология: Corona Borealis11) Юридический термин: Cell Block, Child's Body12) Финансы: closing balance13) Биржевой термин: Central Bank, Constantly Buying, Counter Bid, Current Bid, Current Billing14) Грубое выражение: Cabin Babe, Christs Bitch, Consistant Bitch, Costume Bitch, Coward Bitch, Crazy Bitch, Crazy Bitches15) Полиграфия: Coated Back, с покрытием на обратной стороне (coated back)16) Политика: Kampuchea (formerly Cambodia)17) Телекоммуникации: Call Back, Channel Bank, Запрет вызова18) Сокращение: Battle cruiser, Central Battery, Centre of Buoyancy, Chemical-Biological, Circuit Breaker, Citizens Band, Citizens Band radio, Cluster Bomb, Confined to Barracks, Counter Battery fire, Counter-Bombardment, comparator buffer, component board19) Университет: College Bound20) Физиология: Chest-back, Chronic Bronchitis, Color Blind21) Электроника: Coupled Biquad22) Вычислительная техника: current bit23) Нефть: center of buoyancy, centerline bradenhead, changed bits, changing bit, core barrel, core bit, counterbalance, выключатель (circuit-breaker), керновый снаряд (core bullet), керноотборник (core barrel), поднятое из скважины долото (changed bit), противовес (counterbalance), размыкатель (curcuit breaker), смена долота (change of bit)24) Онкология: Cancer Board25) Банковское дело: кассовая книга (cash book), chargeback, возврат платежа26) Пищевая промышленность: Cow Brains27) Фирменный знак: Club Bones28) СМИ: Current Bulletin29) Деловая лексика: Constant Buying, Core Business30) Бурение: грунтоноска (core barrel), поднятые из скважины долота (changed bits)31) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: catch basin, Кудер Бразерс юридическая фирма (Coudert Brothers), на конкурсной основе (competitive bidding)32) Образование: Coloring Book33) Инвестиции: cash book34) ЕБРР: correspondent bank35) Полимеры: carbon black, chlorobromomethane, cisbutadiene rubber, control board, control button, pentachlorobiphenyl36) Программирование: Count Of Bytes37) Сахалин Р: Coudert Brothers, competitive bidding38) Расширение файла: Microsoft clean boot file39) Энергосистемы: cross-border40) Нефть и газ: I/O compensation bias, basic controller, block coefficient, compensation bias, concrete block41) Электротехника: contact breaker, автоматический выключатель, прерыватель, размыкатель цепи, C.B., АВР, автомат безопасности, автомат включения резерва (дизель-генератор)42) Имена и фамилии: Carl Bevil, Charlie Brown, Chris Bennett, Colin Bryan43) Общественная организация: Club Beyond44) Чат: Chat Board, Clueless Boy, Cute Boy45) Правительство: Compensation Board, Council Bluffs, Iowa46) NYSE. Chubb Corporation47) Программное обеспечение: Command Button -
10 CBGR
Железнодорожный термин: Council Bluffs Railway/Great Western Railway of Iowa -
11 Cb
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Critical Biotope, любительский радиодиапазон, орган сертификации, сертификационный центр, сертификационная организация (certification body), Contractors Board2) Компьютерная техника: Card Bus, Clean Boot3) Авиация: conveyor belt4) Спорт: Chat Box5) Военный термин: Cast Bullet, Clean Burn, Code Breakers, Common Battery, Complex Burst, Crash And Burn, Cross Bow, carrier-borne, casualty branch, cavalry brigade, chemical and biological, coastal battery, cobalt bomb, code book, compass bearing, confidential book, confidential bulletin, configuration baseline, confinement to barracks, conical ball, construction battalion, contract brief, control block, control branch, coordination board, counterbattery, counterbombardment, cryptographic bureau, Си-Би (ОВ раздражающего действия)6) Техника: C-bias, Citizen's Band Radio, capacitor bank, changed bit, changing bits, citizen band, citizen radio band, clear back, common base, condition bit, conducting band, containment building, control buffer, control building, cosmic background7) Сельское хозяйство: carbon balance8) Шутливое выражение: Celestial Baby9) Химия: Conduction Band10) Метеорология: Corona Borealis11) Юридический термин: Cell Block, Child's Body12) Финансы: closing balance13) Биржевой термин: Central Bank, Constantly Buying, Counter Bid, Current Bid, Current Billing14) Грубое выражение: Cabin Babe, Christs Bitch, Consistant Bitch, Costume Bitch, Coward Bitch, Crazy Bitch, Crazy Bitches15) Полиграфия: Coated Back, с покрытием на обратной стороне (coated back)16) Политика: Kampuchea (formerly Cambodia)17) Телекоммуникации: Call Back, Channel Bank, Запрет вызова18) Сокращение: Battle cruiser, Central Battery, Centre of Buoyancy, Chemical-Biological, Circuit Breaker, Citizens Band, Citizens Band radio, Cluster Bomb, Confined to Barracks, Counter Battery fire, Counter-Bombardment, comparator buffer, component board19) Университет: College Bound20) Физиология: Chest-back, Chronic Bronchitis, Color Blind21) Электроника: Coupled Biquad22) Вычислительная техника: current bit23) Нефть: center of buoyancy, centerline bradenhead, changed bits, changing bit, core barrel, core bit, counterbalance, выключатель (circuit-breaker), керновый снаряд (core bullet), керноотборник (core barrel), поднятое из скважины долото (changed bit), противовес (counterbalance), размыкатель (curcuit breaker), смена долота (change of bit)24) Онкология: Cancer Board25) Банковское дело: кассовая книга (cash book), chargeback, возврат платежа26) Пищевая промышленность: Cow Brains27) Фирменный знак: Club Bones28) СМИ: Current Bulletin29) Деловая лексика: Constant Buying, Core Business30) Бурение: грунтоноска (core barrel), поднятые из скважины долота (changed bits)31) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: catch basin, Кудер Бразерс юридическая фирма (Coudert Brothers), на конкурсной основе (competitive bidding)32) Образование: Coloring Book33) Инвестиции: cash book34) ЕБРР: correspondent bank35) Полимеры: carbon black, chlorobromomethane, cisbutadiene rubber, control board, control button, pentachlorobiphenyl36) Программирование: Count Of Bytes37) Сахалин Р: Coudert Brothers, competitive bidding38) Расширение файла: Microsoft clean boot file39) Энергосистемы: cross-border40) Нефть и газ: I/O compensation bias, basic controller, block coefficient, compensation bias, concrete block41) Электротехника: contact breaker, автоматический выключатель, прерыватель, размыкатель цепи, C.B., АВР, автомат безопасности, автомат включения резерва (дизель-генератор)42) Имена и фамилии: Carl Bevil, Charlie Brown, Chris Bennett, Colin Bryan43) Общественная организация: Club Beyond44) Чат: Chat Board, Clueless Boy, Cute Boy45) Правительство: Compensation Board, Council Bluffs, Iowa46) NYSE. Chubb Corporation47) Программное обеспечение: Command Button -
12 Iowa's Leading Edge
Реклама: (г.) Каунсил-Блафс (Council Bluffs, Iowa) -
13 cb
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Critical Biotope, любительский радиодиапазон, орган сертификации, сертификационный центр, сертификационная организация (certification body), Contractors Board2) Компьютерная техника: Card Bus, Clean Boot3) Авиация: conveyor belt4) Спорт: Chat Box5) Военный термин: Cast Bullet, Clean Burn, Code Breakers, Common Battery, Complex Burst, Crash And Burn, Cross Bow, carrier-borne, casualty branch, cavalry brigade, chemical and biological, coastal battery, cobalt bomb, code book, compass bearing, confidential book, confidential bulletin, configuration baseline, confinement to barracks, conical ball, construction battalion, contract brief, control block, control branch, coordination board, counterbattery, counterbombardment, cryptographic bureau, Си-Би (ОВ раздражающего действия)6) Техника: C-bias, Citizen's Band Radio, capacitor bank, changed bit, changing bits, citizen band, citizen radio band, clear back, common base, condition bit, conducting band, containment building, control buffer, control building, cosmic background7) Сельское хозяйство: carbon balance8) Шутливое выражение: Celestial Baby9) Химия: Conduction Band10) Метеорология: Corona Borealis11) Юридический термин: Cell Block, Child's Body12) Финансы: closing balance13) Биржевой термин: Central Bank, Constantly Buying, Counter Bid, Current Bid, Current Billing14) Грубое выражение: Cabin Babe, Christs Bitch, Consistant Bitch, Costume Bitch, Coward Bitch, Crazy Bitch, Crazy Bitches15) Полиграфия: Coated Back, с покрытием на обратной стороне (coated back)16) Политика: Kampuchea (formerly Cambodia)17) Телекоммуникации: Call Back, Channel Bank, Запрет вызова18) Сокращение: Battle cruiser, Central Battery, Centre of Buoyancy, Chemical-Biological, Circuit Breaker, Citizens Band, Citizens Band radio, Cluster Bomb, Confined to Barracks, Counter Battery fire, Counter-Bombardment, comparator buffer, component board19) Университет: College Bound20) Физиология: Chest-back, Chronic Bronchitis, Color Blind21) Электроника: Coupled Biquad22) Вычислительная техника: current bit23) Нефть: center of buoyancy, centerline bradenhead, changed bits, changing bit, core barrel, core bit, counterbalance, выключатель (circuit-breaker), керновый снаряд (core bullet), керноотборник (core barrel), поднятое из скважины долото (changed bit), противовес (counterbalance), размыкатель (curcuit breaker), смена долота (change of bit)24) Онкология: Cancer Board25) Банковское дело: кассовая книга (cash book), chargeback, возврат платежа26) Пищевая промышленность: Cow Brains27) Фирменный знак: Club Bones28) СМИ: Current Bulletin29) Деловая лексика: Constant Buying, Core Business30) Бурение: грунтоноска (core barrel), поднятые из скважины долота (changed bits)31) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: catch basin, Кудер Бразерс юридическая фирма (Coudert Brothers), на конкурсной основе (competitive bidding)32) Образование: Coloring Book33) Инвестиции: cash book34) ЕБРР: correspondent bank35) Полимеры: carbon black, chlorobromomethane, cisbutadiene rubber, control board, control button, pentachlorobiphenyl36) Программирование: Count Of Bytes37) Сахалин Р: Coudert Brothers, competitive bidding38) Расширение файла: Microsoft clean boot file39) Энергосистемы: cross-border40) Нефть и газ: I/O compensation bias, basic controller, block coefficient, compensation bias, concrete block41) Электротехника: contact breaker, автоматический выключатель, прерыватель, размыкатель цепи, C.B., АВР, автомат безопасности, автомат включения резерва (дизель-генератор)42) Имена и фамилии: Carl Bevil, Charlie Brown, Chris Bennett, Colin Bryan43) Общественная организация: Club Beyond44) Чат: Chat Board, Clueless Boy, Cute Boy45) Правительство: Compensation Board, Council Bluffs, Iowa46) NYSE. Chubb Corporation47) Программное обеспечение: Command Button -
14 bluff
I adjective(rough, hearty and frank: a bluff and friendly manner.) directo
II
1. verb(to try to deceive by pretending to have something that one does not have: He bluffed his way through the exam without actually knowing anything.)
2. noun(an act of bluffing.) camelo, farolbluff vb engañarhe said he'd sack me, but I think he was bluffing dijo que me despediría, pero no creo que lo dijera en serio
bluff /bluf/ sustantivo masculino (pl◊ bluffs)a) (Jueg) bluffb) (fam) ( fanfarronería):◊ es puro bluff he's all talk (colloq)' bluff' also found in these entries: Spanish: farol - blof - blofear English: bluff - calltr[blʌf]1 (blunt) brusco,-a, que no tiene pelos en la lengua2 (hearty) campechano,-a1 (cliff) acantilado————————tr[blʌf]1 camelo, farol nombre masculino, bluff nombre masculino1 engañar a, hacer un bluff a1 tirarse un farol, fanfarronear, SMALLAM/SMALL blofear\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto call somebody's bluff hacer que alguien ponga las cartas boca arribabluff ['blʌf] vi: hacer un farol, blofear Col, Mexbluff adj1) steep: escarpado2) frank: campechano, franco, directobluff n1) : farol m, blof m Col, Mex2) cliff: acantilado m, risco madj.• escarpado, -a adj.adj.• brusco, -a adj.n.• amenaza que no se puede realizar s.f.• bluff s.m.• fanfarronada s.f.• farol (Fanfarronada) s.m.• hojarasca s.f.• risco s.m.v.• blufar v.• engañar v.
I
1. blʌfintransitive verb hacer* un bluff or (Col, Méx) blof
2.
vt
II
1) u c ( pretense) bluff m, blof m (Col, Méx)to call somebody's bluff — poner* a algn en evidencia
2) c ( cliff) risco m, acantilado m
III
I [blʌf]1. ADJ1) [cliff etc] escarpado2) [person] franco, directo2.N (Geog) risco m, peñasco m
II [blʌf]1.N (=act of bluffing) farol m, bluff m- call sb's bluff2.VT (=deceive by pretending) engañar, embaucarto bluff it out by... — salvar la situación haciendo creer que...
3.VI farolear, tirarse un farol (Sp) ** * *
I
1. [blʌf]intransitive verb hacer* un bluff or (Col, Méx) blof
2.
vt
II
1) u c ( pretense) bluff m, blof m (Col, Méx)to call somebody's bluff — poner* a algn en evidencia
2) c ( cliff) risco m, acantilado m
III
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15 bluff
[blʌf] I 1. прил.1) почти вертикальный, крутой; обрывистыйSyn:2) широколицый, широколобый ( о человеке и животном)Syn:2. сущ.отвесная скала, крутой обрыв, утёс; отвесный берегSyn:II 1. сущ.1) блеф, ложь, неправда, обман2) обманщикSyn:3) карт. блеф4) ( bluffs) наглазники, шоры ( для лошади)2. гл.1) вводить в заблуждение, обманывать, добиваться (чего-л.) обманомto bluff smb. into smth. — обманом убедить кого-л. в чём-л.
Do you think you can bluff the police into believing that you were not at the scene of the crime? — Думаешь, тебе удастся заставить полицию поверить, что тебя не было на месте преступления?
Syn:2) карт. блефовать3) запугивать, брать на пушку••- bluff it out- bluff one's way out of smth. -
16 has
иметь; естьshe has it — она очень мила, в ней что-то есть
Синонимический ряд:1. bribes (verb) bribes; buys; buys off; fixes; sops; squares; tampers with2. carries (verb) carries; displays; exhibits3. commands (verb) boasts; commands4. delivers (verb) bears; bring forth; delivers5. engages (verb) carry on; engages; indulges; partakes; participates6. fools (verb) beguiles; betrays; bluffs; deceives; deludes; dupes; fools; humbugs; misleads; tricks7. gets (verb) acquires; annexes; chalks up; compasses; gains; gets; lands; obtains; picks up; procures; pulls; secures; wins8. gives (verb) gives; holds; stages9. includes (verb) comprises; consist of; contains; embodies; embraces; encompasses; includes; involves; subsumes; take in; takes in10. knows (verb) appreciates; apprehends; comprehends; fathoms; grasps; knows; understands11. lets (verb) allows; leaves; lets; permits; suffers12. outwits (verb) outfoxes; outmaneuvers; outreaches; outsmarts; outthinks; outwits; overreaches; undoes13. owns (verb) bears; enjoys; holds; owns; possesses; retains14. sees (verb) experiences; feels; go through; meet with; sees; sustains; tastes; undergoes -
17 shams
Синонимический ряд:1. hypocrisies (noun) cants; hypocrisies; sanctimonies2. impostures (noun) cheats; counterfeits; deceits; deceptions; fakes; flimflams; forgeries; frauds; gyps; hoaxes; humbugs; impostures; phonies; sells; spoofs; swindles3. mocks (noun) burlesques; caricatures; farces; mockeries; mocks; parodies; travesties4. shows (noun) acts; masquerades; poses; pretences; shows; simulations5. acts (verb) acts; affects; assumes; bluffs; counterfeits; fakes; feigns; poses; pretends; put on; puts on; simulates -
18 simulates
Синонимический ряд:1. acts (verb) acts; affects; assumes; bluffs; counterfeits; fakes; feigns; poses; pretends; put on; puts on; shams2. resembles (verb) favors; resembles -
19 De Forest, Lee
SUBJECT AREA: Broadcasting, Electronics and information technology, Photography, film and optics, Recording, Telecommunications[br]b. 26 August 1873 Council Bluffs, Iowa, USAd. 30 June 1961 Hollywood, California, USA[br]American electrical engineer and inventor principally known for his invention of the Audion, or triode, vacuum tube; also a pioneer of sound in the cinema.[br]De Forest was born into the family of a Congregational minister that moved to Alabama in 1879 when the father became President of a college for African-Americans; this was a position that led to the family's social ostracism by the white community. By the time he was 13 years old, De Forest was already a keen mechanical inventor, and in 1893, rejecting his father's plan for him to become a clergyman, he entered the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University. Following his first degree, he went on to study the propagation of electromagnetic waves, gaining a PhD in physics in 1899 for his thesis on the "Reflection of Hertzian Waves from the Ends of Parallel Wires", probably the first US thesis in the field of radio.He then joined the Western Electric Company in Chicago where he helped develop the infant technology of wireless, working his way up from a modest post in the production area to a position in the experimental laboratory. There, working alone after normal working hours, he developed a detector of electromagnetic waves based on an electrolytic device similar to that already invented by Fleming in England. Recognizing his talents, a number of financial backers enabled him to set up his own business in 1902 under the name of De Forest Wireless Telegraphy Company; he was soon demonstrating wireless telegraphy to interested parties and entering into competition with the American Marconi Company.Despite the failure of this company because of fraud by his partners, he continued his experiments; in 1907, by adding a third electrode, a wire mesh, between the anode and cathode of the thermionic diode invented by Fleming in 1904, he was able to produce the amplifying device now known as the triode valve and achieve a sensitivity of radio-signal reception much greater than possible with the passive carborundum and electrolytic detectors hitherto available. Patented under the name Audion, this new vacuum device was soon successfully used for experimental broadcasts of music and speech in New York and Paris. The invention of the Audion has been described as the beginning of the electronic era. Although much development work was required before its full potential was realized, the Audion opened the way to progress in all areas of sound transmission, recording and reproduction. The patent was challenged by Fleming and it was not until 1943 that De Forest's claim was finally recognized.Overcoming the near failure of his new company, the De Forest Radio Telephone Company, as well as unsuccessful charges of fraudulent promotion of the Audion, he continued to exploit the potential of his invention. By 1912 he had used transformer-coupling of several Audion stages to achieve high gain at radio frequencies, making long-distance communication a practical proposition, and had applied positive feedback from the Audion output anode to its input grid to realize a stable transmitter oscillator and modulator. These successes led to prolonged patent litigation with Edwin Armstrong and others, and he eventually sold the manufacturing rights, in retrospect often for a pittance.During the early 1920s De Forest began a fruitful association with T.W.Case, who for around ten years had been working to perfect a moving-picture sound system. De Forest claimed to have had an interest in sound films as early as 1900, and Case now began to supply him with photoelectric cells and primitive sound cameras. He eventually devised a variable-density sound-on-film system utilizing a glow-discharge modulator, the Photion. By 1926 De Forest's Phonofilm had been successfully demonstrated in over fifty theatres and this system became the basis of Movietone. Though his ideas were on the right lines, the technology was insufficiently developed and it was left to others to produce a system acceptable to the film industry. However, De Forest had played a key role in transforming the nature of the film industry; within a space of five years the production of silent films had all but ceased.In the following decade De Forest applied the Audion to the development of medical diathermy. Finally, after spending most of his working life as an independent inventor and entrepreneur, he worked for a time during the Second World War at the Bell Telephone Laboratories on military applications of electronics.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsInstitute of Electronic and Radio Engineers Medal of Honour 1922. President, Institute of Electronic and Radio Engineers 1930. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Edison Medal 1946.Bibliography1904, "Electrolytic detectors", Electrician 54:94 (describes the electrolytic detector). 1907, US patent no. 841,387 (the Audion).1950, Father of Radio, Chicago: WIlcox \& Follett (autobiography).De Forest gave his own account of the development of his sound-on-film system in a series of articles: 1923. "The Phonofilm", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 16 (May): 61–75; 1924. "Phonofilm progress", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 20:17–19; 1927, "Recent developments in the Phonofilm", Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 27:64–76; 1941, "Pioneering in talking pictures", Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 36 (January): 41–9.Further ReadingG.Carneal, 1930, A Conqueror of Space (biography).I.Levine, 1964, Electronics Pioneer, Lee De Forest (biography).E.I.Sponable, 1947, "Historical development of sound films", Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers 48 (April): 275–303 (an authoritative account of De Forest's sound-film work, by Case's assistant).W.R.McLaurin, 1949, Invention and Innovation in the Radio Industry.C.F.Booth, 1955, "Fleming and De Forest. An appreciation", in Thermionic Valves 1904– 1954, IEE.V.J.Phillips, 1980, Early Radio Detectors, London: Peter Peregrinus.KF / JW
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