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1 majuscule
majuscule [maʒyskyl]1. adjective2. feminine noun( = lettre) capital letter* * *maʒyskyl
1.
adjectif capital
2.
nom féminin capital (letter)* * *maʒyskyl1. adj2. nf* * *B nf ( en écriture) capital (letter); Imprim upper-case letter; écrire en majuscules to write in (block) capitals.[maʒyskyl] adjectif1. [généralement] capital————————[maʒyskyl] nom fémininécrivez votre nom en majuscules write your name in capitals, print your name (in block letters) -
2 encombrer
encombrer [ɑ̃kɔ̃bʀe]➭ TABLE 11. transitive verba. [+ pièce] to clutter up (de with ) ; [+ couloir] to obstruct (de with ) ; [+ rue] to congest ; [+ lignes téléphoniques] to jam ; [+ marché] to glut (de with ) ; [+ messagerie] to overload2. reflexive verb* * *ɑ̃kɔ̃bʀe
1.
verbe transitif to clutter up [pièce, mémoire, esprit]; ( obstruer) to obstruct [route, passage]; Télécommunications to block [lignes]; to overcrowd [profession]; to saturate [marché]
2.
s'encombrer verbe pronominals'encombrer de — lit, fig to burden oneself with
* * *ɑ̃kɔ̃bʀe vt1) [endroit] to clutter, to clutter upencombrer le passage — to block the way, to obstruct the way
2) (= gêner) to hamper* * *encombrer verb table: aimerA vtr1 ( embarrasser) [objet, personne] to clutter up [pièce, meuble]; ( obstruer) [objet, personne] to obstruct [route, passage, entrée, trottoir]; si les enfants vous encombrent if the children are in your way; tu m'encombres plus que tu ne me rends service you are more of a hindrance than a help;2 [préoccupation, détails] to clutter up; encombrer de to clutter up [sth] with [mémoire, esprit];3 ( saturer) to jam [standard, fréquences]; to block [lignes]; to overcrowd [profession, activité, université]; to saturate [marché].[ɑ̃kɔ̃bre] verbe transitif2. [obstruer - couloir] to block (up) ; [ - route] to block ou to clog up (separable) ; [ - circulation] to hold up (separable)une ville très encombrée a congested city, a city choked with traffic3. [saturer]les logiciels encombrent le marché there's a surplus ou glut of software packages on the market5. [suj: objet gênant]tiens, je te donne ce vase, il m'encombre here, have this vase, I don't know what to do with it————————s'encombrer verbe pronominal intransitif[avoir trop de bagages, de vêtements] to be loaded ou weighed downlaisse ta valise là si tu ne veux pas t'encombrer leave your case there if you don't want to be weighed down————————s'encombrer verbe pronominal transitifs'encombrer l'esprit de to fill one's mind ou to cram one's head withs'encombrer la mémoire de to fill ou to load one's memory with -
3 contre
contre [kɔ̃tʀ]1. prepositiona. (contact, juxtaposition) againstb. (opposition, hostilité) against• se battre/voter contre qn to fight/vote against sb• je n'ai rien contre (cela) or là contre (formal) I have nothing against itc. (défense, protection) des comprimés contre la grippe flu tablets• s'assurer contre l'incendie to insure (o.s.) against firee. (proportion, rapport) 9 voix contre 4 9 votes to 42. adverb3. prefix* * *
I
1. kɔ̃tʀ2) ( marquant l'opposition) against
2.
1) ( marquant un contact)2) ( marquant l'opposition)
3.
par contre locution adverbiale on the other hand
II kɔ̃tʀnom masculin1) ( d'opposition)
••
En général la préposition contre se traduit par against lorsqu'elle sert à indiquer- un contact entre des choses: pousse le fauteuil contre le mur = push the armchair (up) against the wall. Les expressions telles que contre toute espérance, furieux contre sont traités sous l'élément principal, respectivement espérance, furieux etc- une opposition: lutter/réagir/voter contre le racisme = to fight/react/vote against racism- une défense: s'assurer contre le vol = to insure against theft; se protèger contre une attaque = to protect oneself against an attackLorsque contre sert à indiquer la proximité, il se traduit par next to: leur jardin est contre le mien = their garden GB ou yard US is next to mineLorsque contre sert à indiquer un échange, il se traduit par for: changer une chemise trop petite contre une plus grande = to change a shirt which is too small for a larger oneLorsque contre sert à indiquer une comparaison, il se traduit par as against: 22% contre 10% le mois dernier = 22% as against 10% last monthOn trouvera ci-dessous d'autres exemples de contre dans ses diverses fonctions* * *kɔ̃tʀ1. prép1) (situation, position) againstNe mets pas ton vélo contre le mur. — Don't put your bike against the wall.
2) (désaccord) against3) (protection) against4) (échange) for, in exchange foréchanger qch contre qch — to exchange sth for sth, to swap sth for sth
J'ai échangé mon dictionnaire contre un paquet de cigarettes. — I swapped my dictionary for a packet of cigarettes.
2. advJe lui ai demandé: il est contre. — I asked him: he's against it.
3. nmIl y a du pour et du contre, il faut bien y réfléchir. — There are pros and cons, we must think about it carefully.
2)* * *I.contre ⇒ Note d'usageA prép1 ( marquant un contact entre personnes) viens contre moi come to me; ils étaient couchés l'un contre l'autre they were lying close together;2 ( marquant l'opposition) against; aller contre la décision de qn to go against sb's decision; je ne vais pas aller contre ce que tu as dit/fait I won't go against what you have said/done; c'est contre mes principes it's against my principles; il a tout le monde contre lui everyone is against him; tout est contre moi everything is against me; être seul contre tous to stand alone against everyone else; être contre une décision/un projet to be against a decision/a project; elle est toujours contre moi she's always against me; tu as quelque chose contre lui/cette idée? have you got anything against him/this idea?; je n'ai rien contre elle I've got nothing against her; on ne peut rien contre ce genre de choses there's nothing one can do about that kind of thing; dix contre un ( dans un pari) ten to one; la loi a été adoptée par 230 voix contre 110 the bill was passed by 230 votes to 110; Nantes contre Sochaux Sport Nantes versus Sochaux, Nantes vs Sochaux; le procès Bedel contre Caselli the Bedel versus Caselli case.B adv1 ( marquant un contact) il y a un mur et une échelle appuyée contre there's a wall and a ladder leaning against it;2 ( marquant l'opposition) la majorité a voté contre the majority voted against it; ‘que penses-tu du projet?’-‘je suis contre’ ‘what do you think of the plan?’-‘I'm against it’; il refuse cette option, moi je n'ai rien contre he rejects this option, but I have nothing against it; si le comité vote en faveur des travaux je n'irai pas contre if the committee votes for the work to go ahead, I won't go against it.C par contre loc adv on the other hand; je pense par contre que on the other hand I think that; en France, par contre, il est possible de… in France, on the other hand, it is possible to…; ⇒ fortune.II.contre nm2 Sport counter-attack; faire un contre to counter-attack;[kɔ̃tr] prépositionse frotter contre quelque chose to rub (oneself) against ou on somethingallongé tout contre elle lying right next to ou beside herun coup contre la vitre a knock on ou at the windowlancer une balle contre le mur to throw a ball against ou at the wall2. [indiquant l'opposition] againstnager contre le courant to swim upstream ou against the currentêtre en colère contre quelqu'un to be angry at ou with somebodyje suis contre l'intervention I'm opposed to ou against (the idea of) interventionvoter contre quelqu'un/quelque chose to vote against somebody/somethingle match contre le Brésil the Brazil match, the match against ou with Brazilpour une fois, j'irai contre mon habitude for once, I'll break my habitvous allez contre l'usage/le règlement you're going against accepted custom/the regulations3. [pour protéger de] againstque faire contre l'inflation? what can be done about ou against ou to combat inflation?elle est revenue sur sa décision contre une promesse d'augmentation she reconsidered her decision after being promised a riseils nous sont tombés dessus à trois contre un there were three of them for every one of us, they were three to one against usle dollar s'échange à 1,05 euros contre 1,07 hier the dollar is trading at 1.02 euros compared to ou (as) against 1.07 yesterday6. [contrairement à]contre toute attente contrary to ou against all expectations————————[kɔ̃tr] adverbe1. [indiquant la proximité]il n'a pas vu le poteau, et sa tête a heurté contre he didn't see the post, and he banged his head against ou on it2. [indiquant l'opposition] againston partage? — je n'ai rien contre shall we share? — I've nothing against it ou it's OK by me————————[kɔ̃tr] nom masculin1. [argument opposé][en escrime] counter[au billard] kiss[au bridge] double————————par contre locution adverbialeil est très compétent, par contre il n'est pas toujours très aimable he's very competent, but on the other hand he's not always very pleasantil parle espagnol, par contre son anglais laisse encore à désirer his Spanish is good, but his English isn't all it might be
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