because

    enim    conj. (usu. after the first word in its clause).    I. In explaining or specifying, for, for instance, namely, that is to say, I mean, in fact: similis sensus exstitit amoris... nihil est enim virtute amabilius: non videtur celare emptores debuisse; neque enim id est celare, etc. — In a parenthesis, for, in fact, observe: ut antea dixi (dicendum est enim saepius): Hic tibi—fabor enim... —bellum geret, V.—In a transition to an explanatory fact or thought, for, in fact, now, really: quod scelus unde natum esse dicamus? Iam enim videtis, etc.: nihil est enim tam populare quam bonitas.—Often in exhortations, etc.: attendite enim cuius modi edicta sint.—    II. In giving a reason, for, the reason is that, because: tolle hanc opinionem, luctum sustuleris. Nemo enim maeret suo incommodo.—Ellipt., giving a reason for something implied, for, of course, naturally, but: qui multa praeclara dicit; quam enim sibi constanter dicat, non laborat, i. e. but that goes for little, for, etc.: ne tibi desit? Quantulum enim summae curtabit quisque dierum, si, etc., i. e. that is no reason, for, etc., H.—Without a verb: quid enim? why not? what objection can be made?: quid enim? fortemne possumus dicere eundem illum Torquatum?: Militia est potior; quid enim? concurritur, etc., H.—    III. In confirming, in fact, indeed, truly, certainly, assuredly, to be sure: quid illas censes (dicere)? nil enim, nothing at all, T.: Caesar... interfici iussit, arbitratus... Ille enim revocatus resistere coepit, and in fact, Cs.: Sed neque... nomina quae sint Est numerus; neque enim numero conprendere refert, and truly, V.: quis est, qui velit... vivere? Haec enim est tyrannorum vita.—With imper, come, now: attende enim paulisper!—In replies, of course, certainly, no doubt: A. quid refert? M. Adsunt enim, qui haec non probent.

   ergō (ergo, O.) subst. and adv.    I. As abl. following a gen, in consequence of, on account of, because of, for the sake of (old): lessum funeris ergo habento, C. (lex): dono militari virtutis ergo donari, L. (SC.): illius ergo, V.—    II. As adv., exactly, precisely: D. Mihin? S. tibi ergo, I mean just you, T.—Consequently, accordingly, therefore, then: Unus homo restituit rem... Ergo viri nunc gloria claret: Aristoteli ea prima visa sunt, ergo nata est sententia, etc.: itaque ergo incenduntur, etc., L. — In a logical conclusion, consequently, therefore: ecquis igitur qui factum improbarit? omnes ergo in culpā: num ergo dubium est quin, etc., i. e. have I not fully proved, etc.—In successive inferences: igitur... ergo... ergo... igitur, C.—In an argument, e contrario, then, therefore, so then, it is true then (always beginning the sentence): ergo illum maiores in civitatem receperunt; nos hunc eiciemus?—In a question asking an explanation, then, do you say? do you mean?: ergo in iis adulescentibus bonam spem esse dicemus, quos? etc.: dedemus ergo Hannibalem? dicet aliquis, L.: cum, quid ergo se facere vellent, percunctarentur, L.—With quid, why then?: Quid vos malum ergo me sic ludificamini? T.—In the phrase, quid ergo? what then? what follows?: quid ergo? inimici oratio me movit?: quid ergo? audacissimus ego?: quid ergo est? how then does the case stand?—In a command or exhortation, then, now, accordingly: vide ergo, hanc conclusionem probaturusne sis: desinite ergo loqui, Cs.—In resuming a thought, as I was saying; I say, then; well then: tres viae sunt ad Mutinam... tres ergo ut dixi viae.—In beginning a speech, then, now (i. e. as the occasion requires): accipite ergo animis, V.

    et-enim    conj., adding an independent and emphatic clause, as a reason, explanation, or corroboration, for, for truly, and indeed, because, since: etenim iste non audebat, etc.: etenim quid est, quod amplius exspectes?—In tmesi: Et meministis enim, V.—Introducing a parenthesis: legationis princeps est Heius (etenim est primus civitatis), ne forte, etc.—After a word (poet.): Divinare etenim mihi donat Apollo, H.: Tutus bos etenim rura perambulat, H.

    feriō —, —, īre    [2 FER-], to strike, smite, beat, knock, cut, thrust, hit: velut si re verā feriant, H.: cornu ferit ille, butts, V.: alqm: parietem: murum arietibus, batter, S.: calce feritur aselli, O.: mare, V.: frontem, beat the brow, i. e. be provoked: Sublimi sidera vertice, hit, touch, H.: his spectris etiam si oculi possent feriri, etc.: feriuntque summos Fulmina montes, H.. tabulae laterum feriuntur ab undis, O.: Sole radiis feriente cacumina, O.: ferit aethera clamor, V.— To kill by striking, give a death-blow, slay, kill: hostem: (eum) securi, behead: telo orantem multa, V.: te (maritum), H.: leonem, S<*> Frigore te, i. e. cut you dead, H.— To slaughter, offer, sacrifice: agnam, H.: porcum, L. (old form.).—With foedus, to make a compact, covenant, enter into a treaty (because a sacrifice was offered to confirm a covenant): is, quicum foedus feriri in Capitolio viderat: amorum turpissimorum foedera ferire, form illicit connections: lungit opes foedusque ferit, V.—Fig., to strike, reach, affect, impress: multa in vitā, quae fortuna feriat: verba palato, coin, H.: binis aut ternis ferire verbis, make a hit.—To cozen, cheat, gull, trick (colloq.): Geta Ferietur alio munere, T. I II

    fidēs gen. (rare), usu. fidē (H., O.), once fidēī (Enn. ap. C.), once fidei (disyl., T.); dat. fidē, S., H., fidei (disyl., T.), f    [1 FID-], trust, faith, confidence, reliance, credence, belief: si visis fides non est habenda: alcui summam omnium rerum fidem habere, Cs.: habebunt verba fidem, si, etc., find acceptance, H.: testimonio fidem tribuere: ubi prima fides pelago, as soon as they can trust, V.: orationi adfert fidem: fidem facit oratio, commands belief: aliquamdiu fides fieri non poterat, Cs.: vati Si qua fides, may be believed, V.: omnibus abrogatur fides: imminuit orationis fidem: Multa fidem promissa levant, H.: addat fidem, give credence, Ta.: fac fidem, te nihil quaerere, etc., evince: fides mi apud hunc est, nil me istius facturum, T.—In business, credit: cum fides totā Italiā esset angustior, Cs.: fides de foro sublata erat: fidem abrogare, L.: fides deficere coepit: nisi fide staret res p., opibus non staturam, L.: quorum res fidesque in manibus sitae erant, i. e. entire resources, S.—Meton., trustworthiness, faithfulness, conscientiousness, credibility, honesty, truth, good faith: fundamentum iustitiae est fides: fide vestrā fretus: homo antiquā virtute ac fide, T.: prisca, V.: homo sine fide: hinc fides, illinc fraudatio: regni: in fide manere, Cs.: Ubii experimento fidei conlocati, because of their tried fidelity, Ta.: praestare fidem: prodere, S.: mutare, S.: de pace cum fide agere, L.: periura patris, perjured faith, H.: omnem tabularum fidem resignare, credibility: fides eius rei penes auctores erit, S.: maiora fide gessit, beyond belief, O.: segetis certa fides meae, faithfulness (in production), H.— Fulfilment, faithfulness (to a promise): Dicta fides sequitur, O.: promissa Exhibuere fidem, were fulfilled, O.: en haec promissa fides est? the fulfilment of the oracle? V.—In the legal phrase, ex bonā fide, or ex fide bonā, in good faith, with sincerity, without guile ; cf. mala fides, deception, dishonesty.—Praegn., a promise, engagement, word, assurance, confirmation: fidem hosti datam fallere: inter se fidem dare, Cs.: obligare fidem vobis, plight one's faith: fidem servare, Cs.: fides iuris iurandi cum hoste servanda: fidem suam liberare, perform his promise: fidem exsolvere, L.: fidem amittere, N.: istius fide ac potius perfidiā decepti: quantum mea fides studii mihi adferat, plighted word: contioni deinde edicto addidit fidem, confirmed, L.: fide rerum tradere, with accurate knowledge, Ta.— A promise of protection, pledge of safety, safe-conduct, assurance, guaranty, protection, guardian care: fidem ei publicam iussu senatūs dedi: si fides publica data esset, S.: privatim praeterea fidem suam interponit, S.: fide acceptā a legatis, vim abfuturam, L.: quaere in cuius fide sint: in fidem Achaeorum castella tradere, L.: in alicuius fidem ac potestatem venire, Cs.: civitas in Catonis fide locata: alqm in fidem suam recipere: iura fidemque Supplicis erubuit (Achilles), due to a suppliant, V.: deūm atque hominum fidem implorabis.— Ellipt., in exclamations: Di vostram fidem! by the protection of the gods! for heaven's sake! T.: pro deūm fidem, T.: pro deorum atque hominum fidem.—Person., Faith, Truth: Fidem violare: Cana, V.: albo rara Fides Velata panno, H. I II

    fremō uī, —, ere    [FREM-], to roar, resound, growl, murmur, rage, snort, howl: (venti) Circum claustra fremunt, V.: saxa concita murali Tormento, whiz, V.: Laetitiā ludisque viae, resound, V.: leo Ore, V.: equus, neighs, V.: fremant omnes licet, mutter: magno circum clamore, applauded, V.: animis, V.: Stabat acerba fremens Aeneas, V.: rumor de tibicine Fremit in theatro, Ph.— To murmur at, grumble because of, complain loudly of: consulatum sibi ereptum: uno omnes eadem ore fremebant, V.: alqd, L., H.— To demand angrily, cry threateningly: Arma amens fremit, V.: Pedum delendum, L.

    genius ī, m    [GEN-], a tutelar deity, genius: loci, V.: genio (populi R.) hostiae caesae, L.: cras genium mero Curabis, H.: acceptus geniis December (because of the Saturnalia), O.: te oro per genium tuom, T.: te per genium obsecro, H. — Taste, inclination: Suom defrudans genium, T.— Prophetic skill: Nemo mathematicus genium indemnatus habebit, Iu. I II

    hāc-tenus (hac... tenus, V., O.), adv.,    as far as this, to this place, so far, thus far: Hactenus crater erat asper acantho, O.: hactenus in occidentem Germaniam novimus, Ta.: Hac Troiana tenus fuerit Fortuna secuta, V.: quia hactenus iussum, because he was not ordered to go farther, Ta.—Of discourse, thus far, to this point, no farther: hactenus mihi videor potuisse dicere, etc.: de hoc quidem hactenus: in hunc diem hactenus, thus far for to-day: sed haec hactenus, so much for this: Hactenus haec, H.: sed hactenus, praesertim, etc.: de litteris hactenus: Hac Arethusa tenus, O.—Fig., in time, up to this time, thus far, so long, till now, hitherto, no longer: hactenus quietae stationes fuere, postquam, etc., L.: Hac celebrata tenus certamina, V.—To this extent, so much, so far, as far: hactenus existimo... quoad certior fieres, etc.: haec artem hactenus requirunt, ut ornentur, etc.: curandus autem hactenus, ne quid ad senatum, etc.: hactenus consultans, veneno an ferro, etc., Ta.

    laetor ātus, ārī, dep.    [laetus], to rejoice, feel joy, be joyful, be glad: nuptiis, T.: bonis rebus: pueri fato, O.: iuvenis specie, Iu.: in omnium gemitu: de communi salute: ex perfidiā laetati, S.: etiam quod laetere habeo: illud mihi laetandum video, quod, etc., because that: laetandum puto casum tuum, S.: Istuc tibi ex sententiā tua obtigisse laetor, T.: quae perfecta esse laetor: Alciden me Accepisse, V.: se laetari, quod effugissem, etc.: incolumis laetor quod vivit, H.: nec veterum memini laetorve malorum, V.

    laevus adj., λαιόσ, left, on the left side: manus: auris, O.: Pontus, to the left, O.: iter, V.: habena, H.: laevā parte, on the left, O.—As subst. n the left: fleximus in laevum cursūs, O.: In laevum conversus, Iu.: in laeva Italiae flexit iter, L.: Laeva tenent Thetis et Melite, the left, V.— Neut. As adv., on the left: Intonuit laevum, i. e. propitiously, V.: laevum extendere comas, Iu.— Fig., awkward, stupid, foolish, silly: mens, V.: o ego laevus, H.—Of ill omen, unfavorable, inconvenient, unfortunate, unlucky, bad, pernicious: Sirius laevo contristat lumine caelum, V.: Teque nec laevus vetat ire picus, H.: Numina, unfavorable gods, hostile deities, V.—In the language of augurs, fortunate, lucky, propitious (because the augur faced the south, and the east or propitious side was on the left; see sinister): omina: tonitru, O.

    liber brī, m    —Of a tree, the inner bark: obducuntur libro aut cortice trunci: udoque docent (germen) inolescere libro, V.: cum alta liber aret in ulmo, i. e. the elm is parched through, V.— Because dried bark was anciently used to write on, a book, work, treatise: Platonis de morte: caerimoniarum, ritual, Ta.: quas (sententias) hoc libro exposui: libros pervolutare: libri confectio: libri carminum valentium, of charms, H.: libros adire decemviri iussi, i. e. Sibylline books, L.: libri Etruscorum, religious books.—A division of a work, book: tres libri de Naturā Deorum: dictum est in libro superiore: legi tuum nuper quartum de Finibus (sc. librum).—A list, catalogue, register: litterarum adlatarum libri.—A letter, epistle: grandis, N. I II III

    mālum ī, n, μῆλον, an apple: (uva) cum malis, H.: sapor Felicis mali, lemon, V.: cana tenerā lanugine mala, quinces, V.—Prov.: ab ovo usque ad mala, i. e. from beginning to end (because fruit was the last course at dinner), H. I II

    Mānliānus adj.,     of a Manlius: supplicium, L.—Severe (because of the proverbial harshness of L. Manlius Torquatus, dictator): imperia, L.: Manliana vestra (sc. imperia).

    Monēta ae, f    [moneo], the mother of the Muses, C.— A surname of Juno, as the goddess of recollection, C., L., O.—(Because money was coined in the temple of Juno Moneta), a place for coining money, mint, C.— Coined money, coin, money, O.— A stamp, die (late); hence, Communi carmen monetā, of the common stamp, Iu.

    nota ae, f    [GNA-], a means of recognition, mark, sign, stamp, impression: epistulis notam apponam eam, quae mihi tecum convenit: barbarus compunctus notis Thraeciis, i. e. tattooed: Quā notam duxit (vitulus), is marked, H.: notas et nomina gentis inurunt (in vitulos), brand with, V.: notam sine volnere fecit, bruise, O.—Plur., significant marks, written characters, signs: qui sonos vocis litterarum notis terminavit, letters.— A critical mark, marginal note: notam apponere ad malum versum.— Plur, letters, alphabetic writing (sc. litterarum): Quosque legat versūs... Grandibus marmore caede notis, large letters, O.: foliisque notas et nomina mandat, V.: Inspicit acceptas hostis ab hoste notas, the letter, O.: loci, quasi argumentorum notae, memoranda.—Of wine, a brand, stamp, kind, quality: nota Falerni, H.: hae notae sunt optimae, i. e. wines of these brands. —A nod, beck, sign: Innuet; acceptas tu quoque redde notas, O.: Concussā manu dantem sibi signa videt, redditque notas, O.— Fig., a mark, sign, token: notae ac vestigia suorum flagitiorum: interspirationis enim, non defatigationis nostrae neque librariorum notae, signs (punctuation marks). — A distinguishing mark, characteristic, note: cuiusque generis dicendi: inter conloquia insigni notā deprendi, by a marked peculiarity of dialect, L.: Signatum praesente notā nomen, with the note of the present time, H.: Fabella hominum discernit notas, Ph.—Because of the mark against the name of a degraded citizen on the censor's lists, a censorial reproach, judgment of degradation (see censor): censoriae severitatis nota: censores senatum sine ullius notā legerunt, not excluding any one, L.— A mark of ignominy, badge of infamy, reproach, disgrace: domesticae turpitudinis: homo omnibus insignis notis turpitudinis: in amore tuo cogor habere notam, i. e. am degraded, Pr.: nullā tristi notā insignitus, reproachful surname, L.

   ob prep.    with acc.—With verbs of motion, towards, to: cuius ob os Grai ora obvertebant sua, Poët. ap. C.: Turni se pestis ob ora Fert, V.— With verbs of rest, before, in front of, over against: non mihi mors ob oculos versabatur?: ignis ob os offusus.—On account of, for, because of, by reason of, for the sake of: pretium ob stultitiam fero, T.: tibi ob eam rem bene faxim, T.: ob rem nullam misit (me), for nothing, T.: ob merita carus, S.: ob aliquod emolumentum suum: ob rem iudicandam pecuniam accipere: meliores ob eam scientiam esse, for that knowledge: unius ob iram Prodimur, V.: Aut ob avaritiam aut miserā ambitione laborat, H.—In the phrase, quam ob rem (or quamobrem), on which account, wherefore, therefore, hence, accordingly: quam ob rem id primum videamus, quatenus, etc.—With neut. pron., on that account, therefore: ignaris hostibus et ob id quietis, L.: ob haec consuli nihil cunctandum visum, L.: ob ea consul senatum consulebat, S.—In consideration of, in return for, instead of: ager oppositus est pignori Decem ob minas, T.: pecuniam ob absolvendum accipere: tibi has Haudquaquam ob meritum poenas Suscitat, in proportion to, V.—In the phrase, ob rem, to the purpose, with advantage, profitably, usefully: An. non pudet Vanitatis? Do. minime, dum ob rem, T.: id frustra an ob rem faciam, S.

    obiectus adj.    [P. of obicio], lying before, opposite: nec visi obiectis silvis, because of the woods in front, Cs.: insula Alexandriae, Cs.: flumina, V.: obiectus fortunae, exposed: ad omnes casūs periculorum.— Plur n. as subst, charges, accusations: de obiectis non confiteri.

    olīvom or olīvum ī, n    [oliva], oil: pingue, V.: perfundere piscīs olivo, H., O.—An ointment, unguent, Ct., Pr.—Fig., the palaestra (because wrestlers were anointed): cur olivum vitat? H.

    pellis is, f    a skin, hide, felt, pelt: rugosa (ranae), Ph.: caprina: pelles pro velis, Cs.: fulvique insternor pelle leonis, V.: deformem pro cute pellem aspice, Iu.—Prov.: Detrahere pellem, i. e. to expose one's real nature, H.: Introrsum turpis, speciosus pelle decorā, with a showy outside, H.: in propriā pelle quiescere, to rest contented, H.—Tanned hide, leather, skin: ruptā calceus alter Pelle patet, Iu.: pecore compulso pellium nomine, to obtain leather (for shields): pes in pelle natet, in the shoe, O.—In the phrase, sub pellibus (because the winter tents were covered with skins), in winter tents, in camp, C., Cs.—A leathern sandal-tie, shoe-latchet, H.

    post-quam or post quam     conj, after that, after, as soon as, when: postquam convenere, S.: postquam Caesar pervenit, obsides poposcit, Cs.: post quam armis disceptari coeptum est: undecimo die postquam a te discesseram: quod post accidisset, quam dedissem ad te, liberto tuo, litteras: quartum post annum, quam redierat, N.— Since, because, inasmuch as: Postquam sensit observari, etc., T.: postquam suas terras sedem belli esse viderent, verterunt, etc., L.