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because+of+this

  • 41 hierdoor

    1 [door deze zaak] through here ⇒ through this, by doing so
    2 [dientengevolge] because of this
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   hierdoor wil hij ervoor zorgen dat … • by doing so he wants to ensure that …
    2   hierdoor werd ik opgehouden • this held me up
         juist hierdoor werd ik opgehouden • this is what held me up

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > hierdoor

  • 42 по этой причине

    •

    Because of this [or For this reason, or That (or This) is why, or Therefore] the refraction method is known as "The First Arrival Method".

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > по этой причине

  • 43 beurre blanc

       sauce of wine and vinegar boiled down with minced shallots, then thickened with butter
       ♦ An emulsified sauce made of a wine or vinegar reduction blended with softened butter. This may be flavored in many ways, for fish, vegetables, and poultry dishes. This is a very tricky sauce and does not hold for long periods of time. Because of this, modern versions add a touch of cream to stabilize the sauce for longer periods of time.

    Italiano-Inglese Cucina internazionale > beurre blanc

  • 44 C

    C, c, n. indecl., or f., the third letter of the Latin alphabet; corresponded originally in sound to the Greek G (which in inscrr., esp. in the Doric, was frequently written like the Latin C; v. O. Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 295); hence the old orthography: LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, [pu]CNANDOD, PVC[nad], CARTACINIENSI, upon the Columna rostrata, for legiones, magistratos, effugiunt, pugnando, pugnā, Carthaginiensi; and the prænomina Gaius and Gnaeus, even to the latest times, were designated by C. and Cn., while Caeso or Kaeso was written with K; cf. the letter G. Still, even as early as the time of the kings, whether through the influence of the Tuscans, among whom G sounded like K, or of the. Sabines, whose language was kindred with that of the Tuscans, the C seems to have been substituted for K; hence even Consul was designated by Cos., and K remained in use only before a, as in Kalendae; k. k. for calumniae causā, INTERKAL for intercalaris, MERK for mercatus, and in a few other republican inscrr., because by this vowel K was distinguished from Q, as in Gr. Kappa from Koppa, and in Phœnician Caph from Cuph, while C was employed like other consonants with e. Q was used at the beginning of words only when u, pronounced like v, followed, as Quirites from Cures, Tanaquil from Thanchufil, Thanchfil, ThankWil; accordingly, C everywhere took the place of Q, when that accompanying labial sound was lost, or u was used as a vowel; so in the gentile name of Maecenas Cilnius, from the Etrusk. Cvelne or Cfelne (O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 414 sq.); so in coctus, cocus, alicubi, sicubi; in relicŭŭs (four syl.) for reliquus (trisyl.): AECETIA = AEQITIA, i. q. aequitas (V. AECETIA), etc., and as in the Golden Age cujus was written for quojus, and cui for quoi (corresponding to cum for quom); thus, even in the most ancient period, quor or cur was used together with [p. 257] quare, cura with quaero, curia with Quiris, as inversely inquilinus with incola, and in S. C. Bacch. OQVOLTOD = occulto. Hence, at the end of words que, as well as ce in hic, sic, istic, illic, was changed to c, as in ac for atque, nec for neque, nunc, tunc, donec for numque, tumque, dumque; and in the middle of words it might also pass into g. as in negotium and neglego, cf. necopinus. Since C thus gradually took the place of K and Q, with the single exception that our kw was throughout designated by qu, it was strange that under the emperors grammarians began again to write k instead of c before a, though even Quint. 1, 7, 10, expressed his displeasure at this; and they afterwards wrote q before u, even when no labial sound followed, as in pequnia, or merely peqnia, for pecunia; cf. the letters Q and U. About the beginning of the sixth century of the city the modified form G was introduced for the flat guttural sound, and C thenceforth regularly represented the hard sound = our K. The use of aspirates was unknown to the Romans during the first six centuries, hence the letter C also represents the Gr. X, as BACA and BACANALIBVS, for Baccha and Bacchanalibus (the single C instead of the double, as regularly in the most ancient times); cf. also schizô with scindo, and poluchroos with pulcer. But even in the time of Cicero scheda came into use for scida, and pulcher for pulcer; so also the name of the Gracchi was aspirated, as were the name Cethegus and the word triumphus, which, however, in the song of the Arval brothers, is TRIVMPVS; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160, and the letter P. About this time the use of aspirates became so common, in imitation of Greek, that Catullus wrote upon it an epigram (84), which begins with the words: Cho mmoda dicebat, si quando commoda vellet; and in Monum. Ancyr. inchoo is used for the orig. incoho, acc. to which the ancient Romans also employed cohors for chors (v. cohors).On account of the near relationship of c and g, as given above, they are very often interchanged, esp. when connected with liquids: Cygnus, Progne, Gnidus, Gnossus, from kuknos, Proknê, Knidos, Knôssos (even when n was separated from c by a vowel, as in Saguntum for Zakunthos, or absorbed by an s, as in vigesimus and trigesimus for vicensimus and tricensimus); mulgeo for mulceo, segmen from seco, gummi for commi (kommi); gurgulio for curculio, grabatus for krabatos, so that amurca was also written for amurga, from amorgê, as inversely conger for gonger, from gongros; but also with other letters; cf. mastruca and mastruga, misceo and misgô, mugio and mukaomai, gobius and kôbios, gubernator and kubernêtês. Not less freq. is the interchange of c and t, which is noticed by Quint. Inst. 1, 11, 5, and in accordance with which, in composition, d or t before qu, except with que, became c, as acquiro, nequicquam, iccirco for idcirco, ecquis for etquis, etc. Hence is explained the rejection of c before t, as in Lutatius for Luctatius, and the arbitrariness with which many names were written with cc or tt for ct, as Vettones for Vectones; Nacca or Natta for Nacta (from the Gr. gnaptô). It would be erroneouś to infer, from the varied orthography of the names' Accius, Attius, and Actius, or Peccius, Pettius, and Pectius, a hissing pronunciation of them; for as the Romans interchange the terminations icius and itius, and the orthography fetialis and fecialis, indutiae and induciae, with one another, they also wrote Basculi or Bastuli, anclare or antlare, etc. Ci for ti does not appear till an African inscr. of the third century after Christ, and not often before Gallic inscrr. and documents of the seventh century; ti for ci is not certainly found before the end of the fourth century; and ci before a vowel does not appear to have been pronounced as sh, except provincially, before the sixth or seventh century; cf. Roby, Gr. bk. 1, ch. 7; and so in gen., Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 33 sqq. C is sometimes interchanged with p: columba, palumbes; coquus, popa, popina (cf. in Gr. koteros; Sanscr. katara; poteros; Lat. uter). C is sometimes dropped in the middle of a word: luna for luc-na, lumen for luc-men; so also at the beginning of a word: uter for cuter; Sanscr. katara, v. supra.As an abbreviation, C designates Gaius, and reversed, O, Gaia; cf. Quint. 1, 7, 28. As a numeral, C = centum, and upon voting tablets = condemno, Ascon. Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. the letter A fin.;

    hence it is called littera tristis (opp. A = absolvo, which is called littera salutaris),

    Cic. Mil. 6, 15 Moeb.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > C

  • 45 c

    C, c, n. indecl., or f., the third letter of the Latin alphabet; corresponded originally in sound to the Greek G (which in inscrr., esp. in the Doric, was frequently written like the Latin C; v. O. Müll. Etrusk. 2, p. 295); hence the old orthography: LECIONES, MACISTRATOS, EXFOCIONT, [pu]CNANDOD, PVC[nad], CARTACINIENSI, upon the Columna rostrata, for legiones, magistratos, effugiunt, pugnando, pugnā, Carthaginiensi; and the prænomina Gaius and Gnaeus, even to the latest times, were designated by C. and Cn., while Caeso or Kaeso was written with K; cf. the letter G. Still, even as early as the time of the kings, whether through the influence of the Tuscans, among whom G sounded like K, or of the. Sabines, whose language was kindred with that of the Tuscans, the C seems to have been substituted for K; hence even Consul was designated by Cos., and K remained in use only before a, as in Kalendae; k. k. for calumniae causā, INTERKAL for intercalaris, MERK for mercatus, and in a few other republican inscrr., because by this vowel K was distinguished from Q, as in Gr. Kappa from Koppa, and in Phœnician Caph from Cuph, while C was employed like other consonants with e. Q was used at the beginning of words only when u, pronounced like v, followed, as Quirites from Cures, Tanaquil from Thanchufil, Thanchfil, ThankWil; accordingly, C everywhere took the place of Q, when that accompanying labial sound was lost, or u was used as a vowel; so in the gentile name of Maecenas Cilnius, from the Etrusk. Cvelne or Cfelne (O. Müll. Etrusk. 1, p. 414 sq.); so in coctus, cocus, alicubi, sicubi; in relicŭŭs (four syl.) for reliquus (trisyl.): AECETIA = AEQITIA, i. q. aequitas (V. AECETIA), etc., and as in the Golden Age cujus was written for quojus, and cui for quoi (corresponding to cum for quom); thus, even in the most ancient period, quor or cur was used together with [p. 257] quare, cura with quaero, curia with Quiris, as inversely inquilinus with incola, and in S. C. Bacch. OQVOLTOD = occulto. Hence, at the end of words que, as well as ce in hic, sic, istic, illic, was changed to c, as in ac for atque, nec for neque, nunc, tunc, donec for numque, tumque, dumque; and in the middle of words it might also pass into g. as in negotium and neglego, cf. necopinus. Since C thus gradually took the place of K and Q, with the single exception that our kw was throughout designated by qu, it was strange that under the emperors grammarians began again to write k instead of c before a, though even Quint. 1, 7, 10, expressed his displeasure at this; and they afterwards wrote q before u, even when no labial sound followed, as in pequnia, or merely peqnia, for pecunia; cf. the letters Q and U. About the beginning of the sixth century of the city the modified form G was introduced for the flat guttural sound, and C thenceforth regularly represented the hard sound = our K. The use of aspirates was unknown to the Romans during the first six centuries, hence the letter C also represents the Gr. X, as BACA and BACANALIBVS, for Baccha and Bacchanalibus (the single C instead of the double, as regularly in the most ancient times); cf. also schizô with scindo, and poluchroos with pulcer. But even in the time of Cicero scheda came into use for scida, and pulcher for pulcer; so also the name of the Gracchi was aspirated, as were the name Cethegus and the word triumphus, which, however, in the song of the Arval brothers, is TRIVMPVS; cf. Cic. Or. 48, 160, and the letter P. About this time the use of aspirates became so common, in imitation of Greek, that Catullus wrote upon it an epigram (84), which begins with the words: Cho mmoda dicebat, si quando commoda vellet; and in Monum. Ancyr. inchoo is used for the orig. incoho, acc. to which the ancient Romans also employed cohors for chors (v. cohors).On account of the near relationship of c and g, as given above, they are very often interchanged, esp. when connected with liquids: Cygnus, Progne, Gnidus, Gnossus, from kuknos, Proknê, Knidos, Knôssos (even when n was separated from c by a vowel, as in Saguntum for Zakunthos, or absorbed by an s, as in vigesimus and trigesimus for vicensimus and tricensimus); mulgeo for mulceo, segmen from seco, gummi for commi (kommi); gurgulio for curculio, grabatus for krabatos, so that amurca was also written for amurga, from amorgê, as inversely conger for gonger, from gongros; but also with other letters; cf. mastruca and mastruga, misceo and misgô, mugio and mukaomai, gobius and kôbios, gubernator and kubernêtês. Not less freq. is the interchange of c and t, which is noticed by Quint. Inst. 1, 11, 5, and in accordance with which, in composition, d or t before qu, except with que, became c, as acquiro, nequicquam, iccirco for idcirco, ecquis for etquis, etc. Hence is explained the rejection of c before t, as in Lutatius for Luctatius, and the arbitrariness with which many names were written with cc or tt for ct, as Vettones for Vectones; Nacca or Natta for Nacta (from the Gr. gnaptô). It would be erroneouś to infer, from the varied orthography of the names' Accius, Attius, and Actius, or Peccius, Pettius, and Pectius, a hissing pronunciation of them; for as the Romans interchange the terminations icius and itius, and the orthography fetialis and fecialis, indutiae and induciae, with one another, they also wrote Basculi or Bastuli, anclare or antlare, etc. Ci for ti does not appear till an African inscr. of the third century after Christ, and not often before Gallic inscrr. and documents of the seventh century; ti for ci is not certainly found before the end of the fourth century; and ci before a vowel does not appear to have been pronounced as sh, except provincially, before the sixth or seventh century; cf. Roby, Gr. bk. 1, ch. 7; and so in gen., Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 33 sqq. C is sometimes interchanged with p: columba, palumbes; coquus, popa, popina (cf. in Gr. koteros; Sanscr. katara; poteros; Lat. uter). C is sometimes dropped in the middle of a word: luna for luc-na, lumen for luc-men; so also at the beginning of a word: uter for cuter; Sanscr. katara, v. supra.As an abbreviation, C designates Gaius, and reversed, O, Gaia; cf. Quint. 1, 7, 28. As a numeral, C = centum, and upon voting tablets = condemno, Ascon. Cic. Div. in Caecil. 7, 24; cf. the letter A fin.;

    hence it is called littera tristis (opp. A = absolvo, which is called littera salutaris),

    Cic. Mil. 6, 15 Moeb.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > c

  • 46 П-449

    НА ПОЧВЕ чего, какой PrepP Invar Prep the resulting PrepP is adv
    by reason of sth., as a consequence of sth.: on the grounds of
    on account of because of due (owing) to (resulting) from.
    На почве вызовов (в политическую полицию) у людей развились две болезни: одни подозревали во всяком человеке стукача, другие боялись, что их примут за стукача (Мандельштам 1). Because of this system of "interviews (with the secret police)," people developed two kinds of phobia-some suspected that everybody they met was an informer, others that they might be taken for one (1a).
    Сам он говорил, что на него нашло затмение на почве выпивки... (Искандер 3). Не himself said that his head had been befuddled from drink (3a).
    На почве разницы в этих привилегиях иногда такие неприятности случаются, что иной раз задумаешься, может, этих привилегий лучше и совсем не иметь (Войнович 1). ( context transl) Differences in privileges are sometimes grounds for such problems that you might think better not to have those privileges at all (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > П-449

  • 47 Т-42

    ПРОВАЛИТЬСЯ В ТАРТАРАРЫ coll VP subj: human often infin with готов, рад, лучше бы etc) (one is ready, would like, wants etc) to disappear completely, get away from where he is (because he is so embarrassed, uneasy, ashamed etc)
    X готов провалиться в тартарары - X wishes the earth would swallow him up (the earth would open up and swallow him)
    X wishes he could (X is ready to) sink through the floor.
    Сидя спиной к двери, он почему-то уверил себя, в эту минуту, что его провал, его позор, его поражение происходят у неё на глазах, в ее присутствии, и от этого готов был провалиться сейчас в тартарары, раствориться в воздухе, слинять, улетучиться, не существовать вовсе (Максимов 2). Sitting with his back to the door he somehow managed to convince himself at that moment that his failure, his shame and defeat were happening before her eyes, in her presence, and because of this he was ready to sink through the floor, dissolve into thin air, vanish, evaporate, cease to exist (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > Т-42

  • 48 на почве

    [PrepP; Invar; Prep; the resulting PrepP is adv]
    =====
    ⇒ by reason of sth., as a consequence of sth.:
    - (resulting) from.
         ♦ На почве вызовов [в политическую полицию] у людей развились две болезни: одни подозревали во всяком человеке стукача, другие боялись, что их примут за стукача (Мандельштам 1). Because of this system of "interviews [with the secret police]," people developed two kinds of phobia-some suspected that everybody they met was an informer, others that they might be taken for one (1a).
         ♦ Сам он говорил, что на него нашло затмение на почве выпивки... (Искандер 3). He himself said that his head had been befuddled from drink (3a).
         ♦ На почве разницы в этих привилегиях иногда такие неприятности случаются, что иной раз задумаешься, может, этих привилегий лучше и совсем не иметь (Войнович 1). [context transl] Differences in privileges are sometimes grounds for such problems that you might think better not to have those privileges at all (1a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > на почве

  • 49 провалиться в тартарары

    [VP; subj: human; often infin with готов, рад, лучше бы etc]
    =====
    ⇒ (one is ready, would like, wants etc) to disappear completely, get away from where he is (because he is so embarrassed, uneasy, ashamed etc):
    - X готов провалиться в тартарары≈ X wishes the earth would swallow him up (the earth would open up and swallow him);
    - X wishes he could (X is ready to) sink through the floor.
         ♦ Сидя спиной к двери, он почему-то уверил себя, в эту минуту, что его провал, его позор, его поражение происходят у неё на глазах, в ее присутствии, и от этого готов был провалиться сейчас в тартарары, раствориться в воздухе, слинять, улетучиться, не существовать вовсе (Максимов 2). Sitting with his back to the door he somehow managed to convince himself at that moment that his failure, his shame and defeat were happening before her eyes, in her presence, and because of this he was ready to sink through the floor, dissolve into thin air, vanish, evaporate, cease to exist (2a).

    Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > провалиться в тартарары

  • 50 यजुर्वेद


    yajur-vedá
    m. « the sacrificial Veda», the collective body of sacred Mantras orﾠ texts which constitute the Yajur-veda

    (these Mantras, though often consisting of the prose Yajus, are frequently identical with the Mantras of the Ṛig-veda,
    the Yajur-veda being only a sort of sacrificial prayer-book for ihe Adhvaryu priests formed out of the Ṛig-veda, which had to be dissected andﾠ rearranged with additional texts for sacrificial purposes;
    the most characteristic feature of the Yajur-veda is its division into two distinct collections of texts, the Taittirīya-saṃhitā andﾠ the Vājasaneyi-saṃhitā q.v.;
    the former of which is alsoﾠ called Kṛishṇa i.e. « Black», because in it the Saṃhitā andﾠ Brāhmana portions are confused;
    andﾠ the latter Ṡukla i.e. « White», because in this, which is thought the more recent of the two recensions, the Saṃhitā is cleared from confusion with its Brahmaṇa andﾠ is as it were white orﾠ orderly;
    the order of sacrifices, however, of both recensions is similar, two of the principal being the Darṡa-pūrṇa-māsa orﾠ sacrifice to be performed at new andﾠ full moon, andﾠ the Aṡva-medha orﾠ horse-sacrifice;
    cf. IW. 6; 245 n. 2) Br. GṛṠrS. Mn. etc.. ;
    - kriyāsvara-lakshaṇa n. -jaṭâ̱vali f. - tri-kāṇḍa-bhāshya, n. - pada n. - brāhmaṇa n. - bhāshya n. - mañjarī f. - mantra-saṉhitā-sukha-bodhana n. - lakshaṇa n. - ṡākhā f. - ṡrāddha n. - ṡrauta n. - saṉhitā f. ( andﾠ -tâ̱nukramaṇikā f. - tābrāhmaṇa n.), - smārta n.;
    -dâ̱raṇyaka n. -dâ̱rṇava m. -dâ̱ṡīr-vāda m. - dôpanishad (?) f. N. of wks.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > यजुर्वेद

  • 51 из-за

    1) ( направление) from, from behind

    из-за грани́цы — from abroad

    встать из-за стола́ — get up from the table

    из-за шка́фа — from behind the cabinet

    2) ( причина) because of

    из-за э́того — because of this

    Американизмы. Русско-английский словарь. > из-за

  • 52 по горло

    разг.
    1) (очень сильно, чрезвычайно (занят, перегружен и т. п.)) up to the neck (ears, chin, elbow) in work

    Так начались его скитания по учреждениям. Усталые, по горло заваленные делами люди слушали его, удивлялись, сочувствовали, поражались и разводили руками. (Б. Полевой, Повесть о настоящем человеке) — Then commenced his wanderings from office to office. Weary officials, up to their neck in work, listened to what he had to say, expressed surprise and sympathy and helplessly shrugged their shoulders.

    Бабченко хмуро молчал. Он привык делать всегда всё сам, именно поэтому, пожалуй, он всегда был занят по горло, всегда спешил и часто не поспевал (К. Симонов, Дни и ночи) — Babchenko kept a sullen silence. He was used to doing everything himself, and just because of this he was always up to his neck in detail, always hurrying, and often not accomplishing what he set out to do.

    2) (очень много (дел, забот и т. п.)) up to the neck; more than enough; enough (work) and to spare

    В кузнице работы по горло: и наш инвентарь и селянский. (А. Макаренко, Педагогическая поэма) — There was work and to spare in the smithy, both on our own and village inventory.

    Работы на участке хватало по горло. Посевы требовали, чтобы их пропалывали от сорняков, подкармливали удобрениями. (А. Мусатов, Стожары) — They were up to their ears in work on the experimental plot. The crops required weeding and fertilizing.

    [Главный инженер] всё уговаривал Васю... не убиваться там очень-то, а скорей приезжать, потому что дел и до третьего квартала будет по горло. (И. Ракша, Евразия) — He kept telling Vasya... to stop upsetting himself so much and come back soon because they would be up to their necks in work until the third quarta anyway.

    Русско-английский фразеологический словарь > по горло

  • 53 daarom

    1 [daaromheen] around it
    2 [bijgevolg] therefore, so ⇒ because of this/that, for that reason
    3 [desondanks] nevertheless
    ♦voorbeelden:
    2   hij wil het niet hebben, daarom doe ik het juist • he doesn't like it, and that's exactly why I do it
         waarom niet? daarom niet! • why not? because (I say so)!/ 〈 wanneer reden wel wordt aangegeven〉that's why!
    3   het is daarom niet minder waar dat … • that doesn't make it any less true that …

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > daarom

  • 54 Muybridge, Eadweard

    [br]
    b. 9 April 1830 Kingston upon Thames, England
    d. 8 May 1904 Kingston upon Thames, England
    [br]
    English photographer and pioneer of sequence photography of movement.
    [br]
    He was born Edward Muggeridge, but later changed his name, taking the Saxon spelling of his first name and altering his surname, first to Muygridge and then to Muybridge. He emigrated to America in 1851, working in New York in bookbinding and selling as a commission agent for the London Printing and Publishing Company. Through contact with a New York daguerreotypist, Silas T.Selleck, he acquired an interest in photography that developed after his move to California in 1855. On a visit to England in 1860 he learned the wet-collodion process from a friend, Arthur Brown, and acquired the best photographic equipment available in London before returning to America. In 1867, under his trade pseudonym "Helios", he set out to record the scenery of the Far West with his mobile dark-room, christened "The Flying Studio".
    His reputation as a photographer of the first rank spread, and he was commissioned to record the survey visit of Major-General Henry W.Halleck to Alaska and also to record the territory through which the Central Pacific Railroad was being constructed. Perhaps because of this latter project, he was approached by the President of the Central Pacific, Leland Stanford, to attempt to photograph a horse trotting at speed. There was a long-standing controversy among racing men as to whether a trotting horse had all four hooves off the ground at any point; Stanford felt that it did, and hoped than an "instantaneous" photograph would settle the matter once and for all. In May 1872 Muybridge photographed the horse "Occident", but without any great success because the current wet-collodion process normally required many seconds, even in a good light, for a good result. In April 1873 he managed to produce some better negatives, in which a recognizable silhouette of the horse showed all four feet above the ground at the same time.
    Soon after, Muybridge left his young wife, Flora, in San Francisco to go with the army sent to put down the revolt of the Modoc Indians. While he was busy photographing the scenery and the combatants, his wife had an affair with a Major Harry Larkyns. On his return, finding his wife pregnant, he had several confrontations with Larkyns, which culminated in his shooting him dead. At his trial for murder, in February 1875, Muybridge was acquitted by the jury on the grounds of justifiable homicide; he left soon after on a long trip to South America.
    He again took up his photographic work when he returned to North America and Stanford asked him to take up the action-photography project once more. Using a new shutter design he had developed while on his trip south, and which would operate in as little as 1/1,000 of a second, he obtained more detailed pictures of "Occident" in July 1877. He then devised a new scheme, which Stanford sponsored at his farm at Palo Alto. A 50 ft (15 m) long shed was constructed, containing twelve cameras side by side, and a white background marked off with vertical, numbered lines was set up. Each camera was fitted with Muybridge's highspeed shutter, which was released by an electromagnetic catch. Thin threads stretched across the track were broken by the horse as it moved along, closing spring electrical contacts which released each shutter in turn. Thus, in about half a second, twelve photographs were obtained that showed all the phases of the movement.
    Although the pictures were still little more than silhouettes, they were very sharp, and sequences published in scientific and photographic journals throughout the world excited considerable attention. By replacing the threads with an electrical commutator device, which allowed the release of the shutters at precise intervals, Muybridge was able to take series of actions by other animals and humans. From 1880 he lectured in America and Europe, projecting his results in motion on the screen with his Zoopraxiscope projector. In August 1883 he received a grant of $40,000 from the University of Pennsylvania to carry on his work there. Using the vastly improved gelatine dry-plate process and new, improved multiple-camera apparatus, during 1884 and 1885 he produced over 100,000 photographs, of which 20,000 were reproduced in Animal Locomotion in 1887. The subjects were animals of all kinds, and human figures, mostly nude, in a wide range of activities. The quality of the photographs was extremely good, and the publication attracted considerable attention and praise.
    Muybridge returned to England in 1894; his last publications were Animals in Motion (1899) and The Human Figure in Motion (1901). His influence on the world of art was enormous, over-turning the conventional representations of action hitherto used by artists. His work in pioneering the use of sequence photography led to the science of chronophotography developed by Marey and others, and stimulated many inventors, notably Thomas Edison to work which led to the introduction of cinematography in the 1890s.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1887, Animal Locomotion, Philadelphia.
    1893, Descriptive Zoopraxography, Pennsylvania. 1899, Animals in Motion, London.
    Further Reading
    1973, Eadweard Muybridge: The Stanford Years, Stanford.
    G.Hendricks, 1975, Muybridge: The Father of the Motion Picture, New York. R.Haas, 1976, Muybridge: Man in Motion, California.
    BC

    Biographical history of technology > Muybridge, Eadweard

  • 55 поэтому

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    It is not surprising, then, that...

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    Thus we can write:...

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    The cross-bedding is usually concave upward; this being so, one can tell...

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    The reactions are usually rapid and in consequence (or as a consequence) have wide application in diagnosis.

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    Because of this, the refraction method is known as...

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > поэтому

  • 56 прибегать к

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    Recourse was made (or We resorted, or We made recourse) to a propulsion unit incorporating...

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    The 19th century industrialists resorted to a two-step combustion process in order to ensure that...

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    Because of this, recourse to much simpler models is often necessary [or it is often necessary to take (or have) recourse to much simpler models].

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    We resorted to the trial-and-error procedure.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > прибегать к

  • 57 ошибочное суждение после этого, следовательно, по причине этого

    Economy: "after this, therefore, because of this" fallacy

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > ошибочное суждение после этого, следовательно, по причине этого

  • 58 благодаря этому

    Благодаря этому
     Because of this, location and weather conditions are not critical.
     Six alarm set-points each respond to changes in level, temperature, volume, mass, vapor pressure, and density. In this way, you are provided with even further assurances.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > благодаря этому

  • 59 применение ... ограничивается областью

    Применение... ограничивается областью-- Because of this, the applicability of our analysis is restricted to the region 0 Ј q Ј qr. Применимость - applicability (пригодность); validity (справедливость)
     Indeed, several studies described by R. provide additional strong support for the applicability of this model to operating components.
     In order to extend the range of validity of the Reynolds equation to the transition, B. [...] introduced the commonly used first approximation of slip at the wall.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > применение ... ограничивается областью

  • 60 hierdoor

    adv. because of this, due to this

    Holandés-inglés dicionario > hierdoor

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