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1 baî, sund, böîun
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2 BAÐ
I) n. bath, esp. steam- or vapour-bath (fara or ganga til baðs, koma ór baði, ganga frá baði; taka bað).* * *n. [in Goth. probably baþ, but the word is not preserved; A. S. bäð, pl. baðo; Engl. bath; Germ. bad; cp. also Lat. balneum, qs. badneum (?); Grimm even suggests a kinship to the Gr. βάπτω]:—bath, bathing. In Icel. the word is not very freq., and sounds even now somewhat foreign; laug, lauga, q. v., being the familiar Icel. words; thus in the N. T. Titus iii. 5. is rendered by endrgetningar laug; local names referring to public bathing at hot springs always bear the name of laug, never bað, e. g. Laugar, Laugarnes, Laugardalr, Laugarvatn, etc. The time of bathing, as borne out by many passages in the Sturl. and Bs., was after supper, just before going to bed; a special room, baðstofa ( bathroom), is freq. mentioned as belonging to Icel. farms of that time. Bathing in the morning seems not to have been usual; even the passages Sturl. ii. 121, 125 may refer to late hours. This custom seems peculiar and repugnant to the simple sanitary rules commonly observed by people of antiquity. It is, however, to be borne in mind that the chief substantial meal of the ancient Scandinavians was in the forenoon, dagverðr; náttverðr ( supper) was light, and is rarely mentioned. Besides the word bað for the late bath in the Sturl. and Bs., baðstofa is the bathroom; síð um kveldit, í þann tíma er þeir Þórðr ok Einarr ætluðu at ganga til baðs, Sturl. iii. 42; um kveldit er hann var genginn til svefns, ok þeir til baðs er þat líkaði, ii. 117, 246, iii. 111; þat var síð um kveldit ok vóru menn mettir ( after supper) en Ormr bóndi var til baðs farinn, ok var út at ganga til baðstofunnar, Bs. i. 536; eptir máltíðina ( supper) um kveldit reikaði biskupinn um baðferðir ( during bathing time) um gólf, ok síðan for hann í sæng sína, 849; hence the phrase, skaltú hafa mjúkt bað fyrir mjúka rekkju, a good bathing before going to bed, of one to be burnt alive, Eg. 239. In Norway bathing in the forenoon is mentioned; laugardags morguninn vildu liðsmenn ráða í bæinn, en konungr vildi enn at þeir biði þar til er flestir væri í baðstofum, Fms. viii. 176; snemma annan dag vikunnar …, and a little below, eptir þat tóku þeir bað, vii. 34, iii. 171; þá gengr Þéttleifr til baðstofu, kembir sér ok þvær, eptir þat skœðir hanu sik, ok vápnar, Þiðr. 129, v. l.; Icel. hann kom þar fyrir dag ( before daybreak), var Þórðr þá í baðstofu, Sturl. ii. 121, 125; vide Eb. 134, Stj. 272.COMPDS: baðferð, baðhús, baðkápa, baðkona, baðstofa, baðstofugluggr. -
3 baka
* * *(að), v.1) to bake (baka brauð);* * *að, [Gr. φώγειν, cp. also the Lat. focus; A. S. bacan; Engl. to bake; Germ. backen.]1. prop. to bake; b. brauð, N. G. L. i. 349; b. ok sjóða, to bake and cook, Gþl. 376. In Icel. steikja is to roast; baka, to bake; but in mod. usage steikja may also be used of baking on embers, opp. to baka, baking in a pan or oven; elda ofn til brauðs ok b., Hom. 113; b. í ofni, Fas. i. 244; people say in Icel. steikja köku (on embers), but baka brauð.2. metaph. and esp. in the reflex. bakast, to bake, i. e. to warm and rub the body and limbs, at a large open fire in the evening after day-work; v. bakeldr and bakstreldr; v. also the classical passages, Grett. ch. 16, 80, Fms. xi. 63, 64 (Jómsv. ch. 21), Orkn. ch. 34, 89, 105, Hkr. iii. 458. In Icel. the same fire was made for cooking and warming the body, Ísl. ii. 394, Eb. ch. 54, 55; hence the phrase, hvárt skal nú búa til seyðis (is a fire to be made for cooking) … svá skal þat vera, ok skaltú eigi þurfa heitara at baka, it shall be hot enough for thee to bake, Nj. 199 (the rendering of Johnsonius is not quite exact); skaltú eigi beiðast at baka heitara en ek mun kynda, Eg. 239: used of bathing, bakaðist hann lengi í lauginni, Grett. ch. 80, MS. Cod. Upsal. This ‘baking’ the body in the late evening before going to bed was a great pastime for the old Scandinavians, and seems to have been used instead of bathing; yet in later times (12th and 13th centuries) in Icel. at least bathing (v. above) came into use instead of it. In the whole of Sturl. or Bs. no passage occurs analogous to Grett. l. c. or Jómsv. S.β. bóndi bakar á báðar kinnr, blushed, Bs. ii. 42; þanneg sem til bakat er, as things stand, Orkn. 428; bakaði Helgi fótinn, H. baked the (broken) leg, Bs. i. 425; vide eldr.γ. (mod.) to cause, inflict; b. e-m öfund, hatr, óvild (always in a bad sense): af-baka means to distort, pervert.II. to put the back to, e. g. a boat, in floating it, (mod.) -
4 LAUG
I) (-ar, -ar), f.1) bath;2) hot spring (fyrir sunnan ána eru laugar).* * *f., old dat. laugu; with the article laugunni, Rd. 276, Thom. 484, but lauginni, Sturl. ii. 98, Fms. vii. 150; pl. laugar: [cp. Swed. lör; Dan. löver in lör-dag, löver-dag, = Icel. laugar-dagr, q. v.]:—a bath; hón varðveitti barn drottningar óborit meðan hón var í laugu, Landn. 110; taka laugar, Fs. 72; þar vóru laugar görvar, en er konungr var í lauginni var tjaldat yfir kerit, Fms. vii. 150; prestr er skyldr at vígja þrjár laugar um dag (of baptismal water), N. G. L. i. 347; laug skal göra hveim er liðinn er hendr þvá ok höfuð (of washing the dead), Sdm. 34 (Bugge); síðan vóru borð tekin, en Flosi tók laugar ok lið hans, Nj. 176, (hand-laug, mund-laug, q. v.): the bath in which a new-born infant is washed is called laug.II. in Icel. a hot spring, which was used for bathing; en Föstudags-aptan fóru biskupar báðir til laugar í Laugar-ás eptir náttverð, Bs. i. 78; eitt hvert kveld er þeir fóru til laugar, … en laugin ( the spring) var ekki á almanna-veg, 621; þat var eitt kveld er Snorri sat í laugu, at talat var um höfðingja, … Sturla Bárðarson hafði haldit vörð yfir lauginni ok leiddi hann Snorra heim, Sturl. ii. 98; fyrir sunnan ána eru laugar ( hot springs) ok þar hjá jarðholur stórar, Eg. 747; Kjartan fór opt til Sælingsdals-laugar (the well in S.), jafnan bar svá til at Guðrún var at laugu, Ld. 160; Gestr kemr til Sælingsdals-laugar, ok dvelsk þar um hríð, Guðrún kom til laugar ok fagnar vel Gesti frænda sínum, 124.III. in Icel. the hot springs were public bathing-places, and the word is freq. in local names, Laugar, f. pl., Laugar-á, Laugar-áss, Lauga-ból, Laugar-brekka, Laugar-dalr, Laugar-dælar, Laugar-nes, Lauga-land, Lauga-vatn, Lauga-fell, Laugar-vellir, Lauga-sker, Laugar-hús, Landn.; see the Sagas, the map of Icel., Eggert Itin.; and as the latter part of a compd, Valla-laug, Sælingsdals-laug, Reykja-laug, etc., all indicating places with hot springs used for baths in olden times.IV. Saturday was the day appointed for cleansing and bathing, and hence the day took its name, laugar-aptan, m. ‘bath-eve,’ Saturday evening, Ísl. ii. 274: laugar-dagr, m. ‘bath-day,’ Saturday, Grág., K. Þ. K., N. G. L., the Sagas passim: laugardags-morginn, m., -kveld, n. Saturday morning, evening, passim: laugar-kveld, n. = laugaraptan, Ísl. ii. 247: laugar-morginn, m. ‘bath-morning,’ Saturday morning, Ísl. ii. 232: laugar-nátt, f. ‘bath-night,’ Saturday night, (the night between Saturday and Sunday, as shewn by Sturl. ii. 170); ok er lofat at eta hvítan mat miðviku-nátt ok laugarnátt í Hvíta-dögum, K. Á. 188, K. Þ. K. This washing and fasting had a religious character, as is shewn bv laugavatn, Sól. 50; as also by the verse in Skíða R.,—aldrei frá ek at aumum þrjót | mun íllra meina batna | fyrr en lofar at leggja af biót | ok laugarnætr at vatna, 202: and that it came from the remote heathen age, when the year was still counted by pentads and not by heptads, we may infer from the freq. use of laug as the latter part of the compd in proper names, esp. of women, Ás-laug, Guð-laug, Þór-laug, Odd-laug, Sigr-laug, Snæ-laug, Vé-laug (= the Holy well, the Holy bath); and of men, Her-laugr, Guð-laugr, see Landn. and the Sagas.V. COMPDS: laugarhús, laugarker, laugarpíning, laugavatn. -
5 baðstofu-gluggr
m. a window in a b., Eb. l. c., Sturl. l. c. In Icel. the bathing-room (baðstofa) used to be in the rear of the houses, cp. Sturl. ii. 198. The modern sense of baðstofa is sitting-room, probably from its being in modern dwellings placed where the old bathing-room used to be. The etymology of Jon Olafsson (Icel. Dict. MS.), baðstofa = bakstofa, is bad. In old writers baðstofa never occurs in this modern sense, but it is used so in the Dropl. Saga Major:—a closet, room, in writers of the 16th century, Bs. ii. 244, 256, 504, Safn. 77, 92, 95, 96. -
6 baðast
(að), v. refl. to take a bath, to bathe.* * *að, dep. (rare), to bathe, Fms. iii. 171; in common Icel. act., baða höndum, to gesticulate, fight with the arms, as in bathing. -
7 bað-ferð
f. time for bathing, Bs. i. 849. -
8 bað-hús
n. a bathing-house, G. H. M. ii. 128 (false reading), vide Fs. 149, 183. -
9 bað-kápa
u, f. a bathing-cloak, Sturl. ii. 117. -
10 bað-kona
u, f. a female bathing attendant, N. G. L. iii. 15. -
11 bak-eldr
and bakstreldr, m. an evening fire to bake the body and limbs at (v. baka); sitja við bakelda, Fs. 4, Orkn. 112, 74, Korm. 236, Grett. 91: metaph., bændr skulu eiga ván bakelda, they shall get it hot enough, Fms. viii. 201; göra e-m illan bakeld, 383, ix. 410. bakelda-hrif, n. pl. rubbing the back at a b., Grett. l. c. A. As the evening bakeldar are not mentioned in the Sturl., it may be that bathing had put them out of use because of the scarcity of fuel. -
12 ker-laug
f. ‘tub-washing,’ bathing in a tub, Lv. 118, Bjarn. 19, Fas. i. 377, cp. Fms. vii. 150. -
13 laugar-ker
n. a bathing-tub, MS. 451. -
14 lauga-vatn
n. bathing-water, Sól. 50. -
15 OFN
* * *(-s, -ar), m. oven, furnace.* * *m., spelt omn, Blas. 46; an older form ogn, Boldt 48, answering to Goth. and Swed.: [Ulf. auhns = κλίβανος; Engl. oven; Swed. ugn; Dan. ovn, kakkel-ovn; Germ. ofen; cp. Gr. ἴπν-ος]:—an oven, furnace, esp. in Norway, where there are no hot springs for bathing, Rb. 386, Ver. 29, Stj. 273, Fms. vii. 245, Bs. i. 223, Eb. 47 new Ed.; stein-ofn, a furnace of bricks (?), referring to the year 1316, Bs. i. 830, where the passage may refer to warming the apartments.2. an oven for baking; gékk hón til nauðig ok bakaði í ofninum, Hom. 113; in olden times, as at the present day, baking and dairy work were in the women’s charge.COMPDS: ofnseldr, ofngrjót, ofnreykr, ofnstofa. -
16 ofn-stofa
u, f. an ‘oven-closet,’ close stove, bath-room, Fms. vi. 440, where it is stated that king Olave the Quiet (1066–1093) was the first who introduced ovens or stoves (ofn-stofa) into the hall instead of the old open fires, see eldr (II); these stoves served for bathing and for heating the rooms; hann lét ok fyrst göra ofnstofur ok steingólf vetr sem sumar. The account of the death of the Berserkers in Eb. ch. 28, referring to the 10th century, may therefore be an anachronism and not an historical fact, for it is reported as extraordinary for Iceland that a bishop of Hólar (a Norseman) in the year 1316 built a ‘stone-oven’ ( brick-oven) in his house, Laur. S. l. c. -
17 SKÁLI
* * *m.1) hut, shed (put up for temporary use);* * *a, m. [cp. Scot. shieling; Ivar Aasen skaale = shieling]:—prop. a hut, shed, put up for temporary use; this is the earliest Norse sense, and it is still so used in Norway; þar sér enn skála-tópt þeirra ok svá hrófit, Landn. 30; skála vist at Rauðabjörgum, of a fisherman’s hut, Vm. 147; skála búi, a hut dweller = a robber, Fs.; hence, leik-skálar, play-shielings, put up when people assembled for sports; gufu-skálar, ‘steam-shieling’ a local name, of bathing-sheds (?), Landn.; fiski-skálar, fishing shielings; it also remains in local names as Skála-holt. II. a hall (höll is only used of the king’s hall), see Orkn. ch. 18, 70, 115, Gísl. 29, Dropl. 18, 28, Fms. i. 288–292, Korm. 58, Bs. i. 41, Fbr. ch. 13 new Ed, Nj. ch. 78, Gunnl. S. ch. 11; in Landn. 1. ch. 2, 2. ch. 13, the skáli is a detached building; drykkju-s., a drinking hall; svefn-s., a sleeping hall. In Grág. i. 459 distinction is made between eldhús and skáli; in the Sturl. skáli is distinguished from stofa; and it seems that the men were seated in the former, the women in the latter. At still later times, and so at present, the skáli is an apartment near the entrance, a kind of for-skáli, q. v.; til þess er sér mann ór skála-dyrum ór fjöru í Nesdal, Vm. 87.III. compds, skála-búnaðr, the hangings of a skáli, Glúm. 325; skála-dyrr, -endi, -gluggr, -gólf, -hurð, the doors, end, window, floor, hurdle of a skali, Fms. i. 292, iii. 81, Vm. 87, Nj. 201, Landn. 154 (cp. Nj. 114), Krók. 39 C; skála-görð, -smíð, the building a skáli, Vm. 87, Fms. i. 290, Ld. 138, Rd. 245; skála-tópt, -veggr, -viðr, the quadrangle, wall, timber of a skáli, Landn. 30, 136, Ld. 252, Hrafn. 20, Nj. 282. -
18 STOFA
f. sitting-room (milli stofu ok eldhúss; frá eldaskála inn í stofu).* * *u, f., older form stufa; [A. S. stofa; Engl. stove; Old Germ. stuve; Germ. stube; Dan. stue]:—the oldest sense seems to be that of a stove-room, like Germ. stube, a bathing-room with a ‘stove;’ stofur tvær, þar skyldi konungr taka bað, Bs. i. 632; bað-stofa, q. v.: and to this refers the phrase, kafna í stofu reyk, to be choked with the stove-reek in a bath, as an ignominious death, Grett. 116; stofu-reykr, the reek of a stove; kafna í stofu reyk, Grett. 116 A; stofu-smíð, Sturl. i. 181.2. one of the rooms in an ancient dwelling, esp. used for the ladies’ sitting-room, and opp. to the skáli; stofa, eldhús, búr, Grág. i. 459; eldhús eðr stofur, 468; sat Gunnlaugr í stofu, Ísl. ii. 250; gékk Þormóðr milli stofu ok eldhúss, Fbr. 164; Rannveig gékk til stofu, Nj. 83, 175; ganga inn í stofu, Eg. 23, 49, 110, 149, 205, 206, 215, 233; ganga inn ok finna stofu, þar sátu konur tvær, Fær. 41; í stofu þá er konur sátu at verki, Bs. i. 627; þar var karlfátt heima ok hvíldu allir menn í stofu, Sturl. i. 142; var sleginn danz í stofu, ii. 117; hann dreymdi at hann þóttisk sitja í stofu í rúmi sínu, þótti honum stofan alskipuð, stóðu borð um alla stofu ok vistir á, 186, 206, iii. 267; fram í stofunni frá ek hann var er fólkit skyldi hátta, Skíða R. 36; þeir gengu frá elda-skála með skutil-diska ok báru inn í stofu, Eg. 238; til stofu er jarl drakk inni, Fs. 112; litla stofa, Sturl. ii. 152, 153, 181, 185, iii. 100, 187, Orkn. 182; ytri stofa, Sturl. iii. 42; almanna-stofa, ii. 153, iii. 194, 198; bað-stofa, ii. 121, 167, iii. 102, 176, 196; biskups-stofa, 267; set-s., svefn-s., q. v.; myrkva-s., a ‘mirk-stove,’ a dungeon; stofu-búnaðr, hangings, Fms. vi. 342; stofu-dyrr, -gluggr, -gólf, -horn, -hurð, -pallr, the door, window, floor … of a stofa, Eg. 46, Sd. 142, 143, Gullþ. 62, Fms. ix. 55, Fbr. 168, Gþl. 344, H. E. i. 495, Fær. 194; stofu-refill, Dipl. iii. 4. -
19 ÞERRA
I)(-ða, -ðr), v.1) to dry, make dry (þerra hey, föt);2) to dry, wipe (griðkona þerði fœtr sína á þúfu); hann þerði blóðit af andlitinu, he wiped the blood off the face; hón tók skikkjuna ok þerði með blóðit alit, and wiped off all the blood with it; þerra sér á e-u, to wipe oneself on or with a thing.f. towel, = handklæði.* * *ð, in mod. usage að, [Ulf. ga-þairsan; Dan. törre; cp. Lat tergo; Gr. τερσέσθαι; see þurr]:—to dry, to wipe; hann þó sik ok þerrði á hvítum dúk, and wiped himself on a white towel, Fs. 5; er þú þerrir Gram (the sword) á grasi, Fm. 25; hann þerrði blóðit af andlitinu, Fb. ii. 359; þerra sér um brá með hvítri hendi, Hallfred; þerra af sér sveita, Kormak; á þér munu þau þerra þat, they will wipe it out on thyself, of a blot, Ls. 4; griðkona þín þerrir fætr sína á leiði mínu, Fms. i. 254; þ. af oss synda-dust með iðranar-hendi, Hom. (St.); hón þó fætr hans í tarum ok þerrði hári sínu, Greg. 45; Guð mun þerra öll tár af þeirra augum, Rev. xxi. 4; þerra blóð ok sveita af e-m, Blas. 45; hón tók skikkjuna ok þerrði með blóðit allt, Nj. 171; af þerrar (= þerrir) klár öll þeirra tár, ástar koss margan gefr, Hallgr.; hann mælti við konu þá er honum þerrði, of bathing, Sturl. iii. 111.2. to dry; þerra úti föt, K. Þ. K. 82; þerra hey, Grág. ii. 276; sólin hefir þerrt sanda þessa með sínum hita, Al. 50. Mod. usage distinguishes between þerra, to wipe, and þurka to dry. -
20 baðferð
f. going to the bath (vera í baðferð); um baðferðir, about the time for bathing.
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