-
81 בְּרָרָא
בְּרָרָאm. ( ברר) 1) pureness, unalloyed metal. Y.Shek.VI, 50b; Y.Yoma IV, 41d top עד דלא יקום על בְּרָרֵיהוכ׳ as long as the gold ore is not reduced to its pure state, it looses much in the smelting process; but when once brought to its pure state, nothing is lost. 2) clearness, truth. Y.Yeb.VIII, 9b top; XV, 15a דו משים (מקים) … על ב׳ because he based the matter on truth (gave a clear decision). -
82 גריעותא
גְּרִיעוּתָאf. ( גרע) diminution; lesser degree; disadvantage. Ber.56a מפשר ליה לג׳ he interpreted his dream unfavourably, opp. למעליותא. B. Kam.99b עביד בך … תרתי לג׳ he has doubly injured thee (through his verdict). Yeb.122b top מאי ג׳וכ׳ whereon is the inn-keepers lower status (lesser trustworthiness) based? Ḥull.5b wherever the Bible uses bhemah (beast), ג׳ היא does it necessarily imply contempt? -
83 גְּרִיעוּתָא
גְּרִיעוּתָאf. ( גרע) diminution; lesser degree; disadvantage. Ber.56a מפשר ליה לג׳ he interpreted his dream unfavourably, opp. למעליותא. B. Kam.99b עביד בך … תרתי לג׳ he has doubly injured thee (through his verdict). Yeb.122b top מאי ג׳וכ׳ whereon is the inn-keepers lower status (lesser trustworthiness) based? Ḥull.5b wherever the Bible uses bhemah (beast), ג׳ היא does it necessarily imply contempt? -
84 חומרא I
חוּמְרָאI m. = חוֹמֶר. Snh.49b ח׳ בעלמא a mere restrictive measure (which does not allow a conclusion as to the rank of the successive functions of the High-priest), Ib. bot. ומאי ח׳ wherein consists the greater import (the greater gravity of the crime)? Pes.11a משום ח׳ דשבתוכ׳ on account of the great import of the Sabbath (the grave penalty for its desecration) people are careful Ḥull.9b ספק סכנתא לח׳ where there is a doubt about a prohibition based on danger to health the stricter practice is preferred; Ib. ספק איסורא נמי לח׳ the same is the case with a doubt about a ritual prohibition. Bets.3b; a. fr.Targ. II Esth. 3:3, v. חֵימָרָא. -
85 חוּמְרָא
חוּמְרָאI m. = חוֹמֶר. Snh.49b ח׳ בעלמא a mere restrictive measure (which does not allow a conclusion as to the rank of the successive functions of the High-priest), Ib. bot. ומאי ח׳ wherein consists the greater import (the greater gravity of the crime)? Pes.11a משום ח׳ דשבתוכ׳ on account of the great import of the Sabbath (the grave penalty for its desecration) people are careful Ḥull.9b ספק סכנתא לח׳ where there is a doubt about a prohibition based on danger to health the stricter practice is preferred; Ib. ספק איסורא נמי לח׳ the same is the case with a doubt about a ritual prohibition. Bets.3b; a. fr.Targ. II Esth. 3:3, v. חֵימָרָא. -
86 חזקה
חֲזָקָהf. (חָזַק) 1) taking hold. Y.M. Kat. III, 83c top (ref. to 2 Sam. 1:11) אין ח׳וכ׳ taking hold (of a garment to rend it in mourning) means no less than a hand-breadth of it. 2) (law) taking posssession, posession, usucaption; claim based on undisturbed possession during a legally fixed period. B. Bath.III, 1 חֶזְקַת הבתיכוכ׳ the legal period of undisturbed possession (in order to give a title) is for houses … three years. Ib. 29b (in Chald. diction) אכלית שני ח׳ I had the undisturbed usufruct for the period prescribed by law. Ib. 36a עבדים יש להם ח׳ does the law of possession apply to slaves?Ib. אין להם ח׳ לאלתרוכ׳ present possession gives no title (as is the case with inanimate movable chattel), but a possession of three years does. Ib. III, 2 שלש ארצות לח׳ there are in Palestine three districts with different usages of possession. Ib. 3 כל ח׳ שאיןוכ׳ possession without a plea (of purchase or any other mode of legal acquisition) gives no title; a. v. fr. 3) presumption, presumptive continuance of an actual condition until evidence of a change is produced; legal status. Ḥull.9a בהמה בחייה בחֶזְקַת איסורוכ׳ the animal when alive, has the status of a forbidden object (v. אֵבֶר), until you ascertain by what means it has been ritually slaughtered; when it is slaughtered הרי היא בח׳ היתרוכ׳ it has the status of a permitted object, until you find out how it became forbidden. Gitt.III, 3 בחזקת שהוא קיים under the presumption that her husband (though sick or old when the messenger was deputed) is alive. Keth.75b ח׳ דגופא a presumption as regards physical condition, ח׳ דממונא the fact of possession against which the claimant has to produce satisfactory evidence. Ib. ח׳ אין אדם שותהוכ׳ the presumption is that no man drinks out of a cup without examining (that none will marry without having ascertained the womans physical condition). Yeb.31b top חזקת בר שטיא the legal status of an insane persons property; a. v. fr.Pl. חֲזָקוֹת. Kidd.80a סוקלין … מלקין על הח׳ we execute punishment on the basis of actual facts (though not provable by legal evidence, e. g. man and wife and children living together and treating each other as such, are legally considered as being one family), v. חָזַק Hof.Y.Ḥall.IV, 60a bot. לח׳ with reference to the local usages of usucaption (Gitt.III, 2, v. supra); a. e. -
87 חֲזָקָה
חֲזָקָהf. (חָזַק) 1) taking hold. Y.M. Kat. III, 83c top (ref. to 2 Sam. 1:11) אין ח׳וכ׳ taking hold (of a garment to rend it in mourning) means no less than a hand-breadth of it. 2) (law) taking posssession, posession, usucaption; claim based on undisturbed possession during a legally fixed period. B. Bath.III, 1 חֶזְקַת הבתיכוכ׳ the legal period of undisturbed possession (in order to give a title) is for houses … three years. Ib. 29b (in Chald. diction) אכלית שני ח׳ I had the undisturbed usufruct for the period prescribed by law. Ib. 36a עבדים יש להם ח׳ does the law of possession apply to slaves?Ib. אין להם ח׳ לאלתרוכ׳ present possession gives no title (as is the case with inanimate movable chattel), but a possession of three years does. Ib. III, 2 שלש ארצות לח׳ there are in Palestine three districts with different usages of possession. Ib. 3 כל ח׳ שאיןוכ׳ possession without a plea (of purchase or any other mode of legal acquisition) gives no title; a. v. fr. 3) presumption, presumptive continuance of an actual condition until evidence of a change is produced; legal status. Ḥull.9a בהמה בחייה בחֶזְקַת איסורוכ׳ the animal when alive, has the status of a forbidden object (v. אֵבֶר), until you ascertain by what means it has been ritually slaughtered; when it is slaughtered הרי היא בח׳ היתרוכ׳ it has the status of a permitted object, until you find out how it became forbidden. Gitt.III, 3 בחזקת שהוא קיים under the presumption that her husband (though sick or old when the messenger was deputed) is alive. Keth.75b ח׳ דגופא a presumption as regards physical condition, ח׳ דממונא the fact of possession against which the claimant has to produce satisfactory evidence. Ib. ח׳ אין אדם שותהוכ׳ the presumption is that no man drinks out of a cup without examining (that none will marry without having ascertained the womans physical condition). Yeb.31b top חזקת בר שטיא the legal status of an insane persons property; a. v. fr.Pl. חֲזָקוֹת. Kidd.80a סוקלין … מלקין על הח׳ we execute punishment on the basis of actual facts (though not provable by legal evidence, e. g. man and wife and children living together and treating each other as such, are legally considered as being one family), v. חָזַק Hof.Y.Ḥall.IV, 60a bot. לח׳ with reference to the local usages of usucaption (Gitt.III, 2, v. supra); a. e. -
88 טרוף
טָרוּףm. 1) (denom. of טָרָף) covered with leaves. Tosef.Neg.VIII, 2, v. טֶרֶף. 2) (part. pass. of טָרַף, cmp. Pi.) disfigured by irregular spots; (oth. opin.) chopped, full of incisions; (oth. opin.) planed, smooth. Ned.25a; Shebu.29b (ref. to one swearing that he had seen a serpent ‘like the beam of an oil press) בט׳ he meant ‘spotted like a beam Ib. (in answer to the argument כולהו נחשי מיטרף טריפין (or טריפי, not טרפי) that all serpents are ‘spotted) בשגבו ט׳ (Ms. M. שבגבו) he meant a serpent spotted on the back (and not only around the neck). Ned. l. c. קורת … גבו ט׳ (read גבה) the back of a press beam may be spotted (i. e. no objection of the purchaser is valid based on the spotted condition of the beam); according to the opinion: ט׳ = planed, all beams must be planed, (otherwise the purchaser has a right to reject).(Other meanings, v. טָרַף. -
89 טָרוּף
טָרוּףm. 1) (denom. of טָרָף) covered with leaves. Tosef.Neg.VIII, 2, v. טֶרֶף. 2) (part. pass. of טָרַף, cmp. Pi.) disfigured by irregular spots; (oth. opin.) chopped, full of incisions; (oth. opin.) planed, smooth. Ned.25a; Shebu.29b (ref. to one swearing that he had seen a serpent ‘like the beam of an oil press) בט׳ he meant ‘spotted like a beam Ib. (in answer to the argument כולהו נחשי מיטרף טריפין (or טריפי, not טרפי) that all serpents are ‘spotted) בשגבו ט׳ (Ms. M. שבגבו) he meant a serpent spotted on the back (and not only around the neck). Ned. l. c. קורת … גבו ט׳ (read גבה) the back of a press beam may be spotted (i. e. no objection of the purchaser is valid based on the spotted condition of the beam); according to the opinion: ט׳ = planed, all beams must be planed, (otherwise the purchaser has a right to reject).(Other meanings, v. טָרַף. -
90 יקם
יֶקֶם m., pl. יְקָמִים, יְקָמִין (v. יְקוּם) restoratives, esp. towels put on the bathers head in the sudatory. (Oth. opin., based on the version יקבים (v. infra): tanks. V. Koh. Ar. Compl. s. v. Tosef.B. Bath.III, 3 he who sells a bathing house, sells with it implicitly … בית היקמיןוכ׳ ed. Zuck. (Var. הַקָּמִין) the compartment for restoratives, but has not sold … את הי׳ the implements themselves; B. Bath.67b בית הי׳ … ולא י׳ עצמן ed. (Ms. M. יקבים, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note); (Y. ib. IV, 14c bot. (defective passage) בסלקי וקמין read: כַּלְכּוֹס יִיק׳). V. קָמִין. -
91 כלל
כְּלָלm. (preced. wds.) 1) general rule, principle. Sifra Kdosh., Par. 2, ch. IV (ref. to Lev. 19:18) זה כ׳ גדולוכ׳ this (‘love thy neighbor as thyself) is the most important principle in the Law. Sabb.VII, 1. Ḥull.III, 1 זה הכ׳ this is the general rule; a. v. fr.Trnsf. בִּכְלַל, לִכְלַל under the influence of. Sifré Num. 157 לפי שהיה בכ׳ כעס בא לכ׳ טעות because he was under the influence of anger, he came under the influence of mistaken judgment; Yalk. ib. 786; a. fr. 2) community. Ber.49b לעולם אל … מן הכ׳ a person most never exclude himself from the community (by saying, ‘Praise ye, instead of ‘Let us praise). Mekh. Bo., Pisḥa, s.18 ולפי שהוציא … מן הכ׳וכ׳ and as he excluded himself from the community (by saying ‘you) ; a. e. 3) total, sum. B. Bath. 123a בכְלָלָן אתהוכ׳ as their sum total you find seventy (Gen. 46:27), whereas the detailed record counts only sixty nine. 4) generalization, statement by implication, opp. פרט specification; inclusion, comprehension under a class. Ber.26b, a. fr. עד ועד בכ׳, v. עַד.Sifra introd. מכ׳ ופרט מפרט וּכְ׳וכ׳ interpretation based upon a general law followed by specification, or specification followed by generalization. Ib. כל דבר שהיה בכ׳וכ׳ when a law is once laid down in general, and in another place a specification is given (e. g. Lev. 7:37, a. ib. 20), it is stated specifically not for its own sake alone, but as applicable to the whole class. Ib. beg. מכ׳ ופרט וּכְ׳ אי אתה דןוכ׳ if a general rule is followed by a specification and this again by a generalization, you must be guided by the specification (e. g. Deut. 14:26). Tosef.Sot.VIII, 10; Sot37a ברוך בכ׳ … ארור בכ׳וכ׳ ‘blessed be was pronounced on Mount Gerizim in general (corresp. to the general curse, Deut. 27:26) and was specified (corresp. to ib. 15–25); ‘cursed be was pronounced on Mount Ebal in general (ib. 26) ; a. fr.מִכְּ׳ by implication. Ned.11a, a. fr. מכ׳ לאו אתה שומע הן from no you understand yes, v. הֵן.Pes.16b שהותרה מִכְּלָלָהּוכ׳ which was permitted (dispensed with), by implication, for a community (if unclean, derived fr. Num. 9:2, v. Pes.77a). Ḥull.37b מכ׳ דטרפהוכ׳ this proves by implication that trefah is not the same as ; a. v. fr.לאו … כ׳ not at all (cmp. כְּלוּם). Ib. 20b; a. fr.(Mekh. Bo, beg. כ׳ לדברות, read: כֶּלִי.Pl. כְּלָלוֹת ( fem.). Naz.48b. Sot.37b. Erub.27a אין למדין מן הכ׳וכ׳ from general rules (the use of the word כל, as ib. III, 1) we must not derive anything, not even when an exception is stated (as there may be other exceptions); a. fr.Ex. R. s. 32, beg. כְּלָלִים. -
92 כְּלָל
כְּלָלm. (preced. wds.) 1) general rule, principle. Sifra Kdosh., Par. 2, ch. IV (ref. to Lev. 19:18) זה כ׳ גדולוכ׳ this (‘love thy neighbor as thyself) is the most important principle in the Law. Sabb.VII, 1. Ḥull.III, 1 זה הכ׳ this is the general rule; a. v. fr.Trnsf. בִּכְלַל, לִכְלַל under the influence of. Sifré Num. 157 לפי שהיה בכ׳ כעס בא לכ׳ טעות because he was under the influence of anger, he came under the influence of mistaken judgment; Yalk. ib. 786; a. fr. 2) community. Ber.49b לעולם אל … מן הכ׳ a person most never exclude himself from the community (by saying, ‘Praise ye, instead of ‘Let us praise). Mekh. Bo., Pisḥa, s.18 ולפי שהוציא … מן הכ׳וכ׳ and as he excluded himself from the community (by saying ‘you) ; a. e. 3) total, sum. B. Bath. 123a בכְלָלָן אתהוכ׳ as their sum total you find seventy (Gen. 46:27), whereas the detailed record counts only sixty nine. 4) generalization, statement by implication, opp. פרט specification; inclusion, comprehension under a class. Ber.26b, a. fr. עד ועד בכ׳, v. עַד.Sifra introd. מכ׳ ופרט מפרט וּכְ׳וכ׳ interpretation based upon a general law followed by specification, or specification followed by generalization. Ib. כל דבר שהיה בכ׳וכ׳ when a law is once laid down in general, and in another place a specification is given (e. g. Lev. 7:37, a. ib. 20), it is stated specifically not for its own sake alone, but as applicable to the whole class. Ib. beg. מכ׳ ופרט וּכְ׳ אי אתה דןוכ׳ if a general rule is followed by a specification and this again by a generalization, you must be guided by the specification (e. g. Deut. 14:26). Tosef.Sot.VIII, 10; Sot37a ברוך בכ׳ … ארור בכ׳וכ׳ ‘blessed be was pronounced on Mount Gerizim in general (corresp. to the general curse, Deut. 27:26) and was specified (corresp. to ib. 15–25); ‘cursed be was pronounced on Mount Ebal in general (ib. 26) ; a. fr.מִכְּ׳ by implication. Ned.11a, a. fr. מכ׳ לאו אתה שומע הן from no you understand yes, v. הֵן.Pes.16b שהותרה מִכְּלָלָהּוכ׳ which was permitted (dispensed with), by implication, for a community (if unclean, derived fr. Num. 9:2, v. Pes.77a). Ḥull.37b מכ׳ דטרפהוכ׳ this proves by implication that trefah is not the same as ; a. v. fr.לאו … כ׳ not at all (cmp. כְּלוּם). Ib. 20b; a. fr.(Mekh. Bo, beg. כ׳ לדברות, read: כֶּלִי.Pl. כְּלָלוֹת ( fem.). Naz.48b. Sot.37b. Erub.27a אין למדין מן הכ׳וכ׳ from general rules (the use of the word כל, as ib. III, 1) we must not derive anything, not even when an exception is stated (as there may be other exceptions); a. fr.Ex. R. s. 32, beg. כְּלָלִים. -
93 מיכה I
מִיכָהI (b. h.) pr. n. m. Micah, 1) M., the owner of an idolatrous temple (Jud. 17). Esth. R. to III, 7 צלם מ׳; Snh.103b פסלו של מ׳ the image put up by M.; ib. עשן פסל מ׳ the smoke rising from the sacrifices to the image Ib. 101b, v. מִכְמֵךְ. Shebu.35b כל שמות … במ׳ תול all divine names mentioned in connection with M. (Jud. l. c.) are profane (not names of the Lord). Pes.117a פיסלו של מ׳ עומד בבכיוכ׳ with Micahs image at Bekhi, the Israelites should have sung the Hallel?Ex. R. s. 41; a. fr. 2) M., the prophet. Lev. R. s. 10 שלחתי את מ׳וכ׳ I sent M. and they smote him. Macc.24a בא מ׳ והעמירןוכ׳ M. came and based all the laws of the Torah on three principles; a. e. -
94 מִיכָה
מִיכָהI (b. h.) pr. n. m. Micah, 1) M., the owner of an idolatrous temple (Jud. 17). Esth. R. to III, 7 צלם מ׳; Snh.103b פסלו של מ׳ the image put up by M.; ib. עשן פסל מ׳ the smoke rising from the sacrifices to the image Ib. 101b, v. מִכְמֵךְ. Shebu.35b כל שמות … במ׳ תול all divine names mentioned in connection with M. (Jud. l. c.) are profane (not names of the Lord). Pes.117a פיסלו של מ׳ עומד בבכיוכ׳ with Micahs image at Bekhi, the Israelites should have sung the Hallel?Ex. R. s. 41; a. fr. 2) M., the prophet. Lev. R. s. 10 שלחתי את מ׳וכ׳ I sent M. and they smote him. Macc.24a בא מ׳ והעמירןוכ׳ M. came and based all the laws of the Torah on three principles; a. e. -
95 מיכה II
מִיכָהII f. (מוּךְ) decline, reduction to poverty. B. Mets. 114a מי גמר מ׳ מ׳ מערכין can an analogy between assessments of vowed values and assessments in cases of indebtedness be based on the use of the root מוּךְ (Lev. 27:8 a. 25:35)? -
96 מִיכָה
מִיכָהII f. (מוּךְ) decline, reduction to poverty. B. Mets. 114a מי גמר מ׳ מ׳ מערכין can an analogy between assessments of vowed values and assessments in cases of indebtedness be based on the use of the root מוּךְ (Lev. 27:8 a. 25:35)? -
97 מקרילות
מַקְרילוֹתf. pl. (a jocular denom. of מִקְרָא, to rhyme with מַקְבִּילוֹת) based on textual interpretation. Y.B. Kam.VIII, end, 6c, v. מַקְבִּילוֹת. -
98 מַקְרילוֹת
מַקְרילוֹתf. pl. (a jocular denom. of מִקְרָא, to rhyme with מַקְבִּילוֹת) based on textual interpretation. Y.B. Kam.VIII, end, 6c, v. מַקְבִּילוֹת. -
99 מרזב
מַרְזֵבm. ( רזב, transpos. of ברז; cmp. בָּריז) 1) tube, spout; esp. the movable tube attached to the roof gutters (מַזְחִילָה). B. Bath. III, 6 המ׳ אין לו חזקה no claim, based on undisturbed use, can be made for the special position of the pipe discharging the water into the neighbors yard; expl. ib. 58b; Y. ib. III, end, 14b מקום המ׳ בחצר יש … מקום קילוחווכ׳ the right of a pipe for the discharge of water into the neighbors court can be claimed on the basis of undisturbed use, but not the special place of its discharge; (Tosef. ib. II, 13 צינור). Yeb.75b כמ׳ if the mutilated membrum has the shape of a spout (leaving the urinary canal unprotected). Sabb.146b גזירה משום מ׳ it is forbidden, lest he shape a regular tapping tube (v. בִּרְזָא I). 2) a sort of cape, having the shape of a gutter, formed by throwing the edges of a garment over the shoulders backward. Ib. 147a, v. כִּיסָא. -
100 מַרְזֵב
מַרְזֵבm. ( רזב, transpos. of ברז; cmp. בָּריז) 1) tube, spout; esp. the movable tube attached to the roof gutters (מַזְחִילָה). B. Bath. III, 6 המ׳ אין לו חזקה no claim, based on undisturbed use, can be made for the special position of the pipe discharging the water into the neighbors yard; expl. ib. 58b; Y. ib. III, end, 14b מקום המ׳ בחצר יש … מקום קילוחווכ׳ the right of a pipe for the discharge of water into the neighbors court can be claimed on the basis of undisturbed use, but not the special place of its discharge; (Tosef. ib. II, 13 צינור). Yeb.75b כמ׳ if the mutilated membrum has the shape of a spout (leaving the urinary canal unprotected). Sabb.146b גזירה משום מ׳ it is forbidden, lest he shape a regular tapping tube (v. בִּרְזָא I). 2) a sort of cape, having the shape of a gutter, formed by throwing the edges of a garment over the shoulders backward. Ib. 147a, v. כִּיסָא.
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-based — [bāst] combining form 1. based on; having as its basis [paper based, milk based] 2. based in or at (a specified place); having headquarters in or at [space based weapons, a Cleveland based company] … English World dictionary
Based — (b[=a]sd), p. p. & a. 1. Having a base, or having as a base; supported; as, broad based. [1913 Webster] 2. [See {Base}, n., 18 21.] Wearing, or protected by, bases. [Obs.] Based in lawny velvet. E. Hall. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
based — [ beıst ] suffix 1. ) used with some names of places to make adjectives meaning happening or working in a particular place: a Chicago based company 2. ) used with some names to make adjectives describing the main substance in a product: pasta and … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
based — based; de·based·ness; sur·based; … English syllables
based on — I adverb bear upon, built on, contingent upon, dependent on, founded on, grounded on, relying on, rested on II index underlying Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
-based — [[t] beɪst[/t]] 1) COMB: COMB in ADJ based combines with nouns referring to places to mean something positioned or existing mainly in the place mentioned, or operating or organized from that place. ...a Washington based organization. ...land… … English dictionary
based — adjective 1. having a base (Freq. 3) firmly based ice • Similar to: ↑supported 2. having a base of operations (often used as a combining form) (Freq. 1) a locally based business an Atlanta based company … Useful english dictionary
