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61 reservoir
2) коллектор (нефти, газа, воды); продуктивный пласт3) водохранилище; водоём, бассейн4) регулировать сток водохранилища•to empty а reservoir — срабатывать [опорожнять\] водохранилище;to operate а reservoir for recreation — использовать водохранилище в рекреационных целях;to produce а reservoir — вести добычу из коллектора, разрабатывать коллектор;to tap а reservoir with wells — вскрывать коллектор скважинами-
air reservoir
-
anticipated reservoir
-
atmospheric reservoir
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auxiliary air reservoir
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auxiliary reservoir
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balancing reservoir
-
brake fluid reservoir
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brake valve reservoir
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clear-water reservoir
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compensating reservoir
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conservation reservoir
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control reservoir
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daily-storage reservoir
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detention reservoir
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distribution reservoir
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earth reservoir
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economically productive reservoir
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elevated reservoir
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emergency reservoir
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equalizing reservoir
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expansion-type water drive reservoir
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flood-control reservoir
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fluid reservoir
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gas reservoir
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gas-and-oil reservoir
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gas-cap reservoir
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gas-oil-condensate reservoir
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gas-water drive reservoir
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gravity water-drive reservoir
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gravity-drive reservoir
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groundwater reservoir
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hydraulic oil reservoir
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hydraulic reservoir
-
impounding reservoir
-
ink reservoir
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integral reservoir
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long-period storage reservoir
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lower reservoir
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main reservoir
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metallic reservoir
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metal reservoir
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multilayer reservoir
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multipurpose reservoir
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nonintegral reservoir
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off-channel reservoir
-
oil reservoir
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pressure reservoir
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pressure sealed reservoir
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pressurized reservoir
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pumped reservoir
-
rafting reservoir
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regulating reservoir
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reregulating reservoir
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retaining reservoir
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retarding reservoir
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sealed reservoir
-
seasonal-storage reservoir
-
sedimentation reservoir
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service reservoir
-
settling reservoir
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single-purpose reservoir
-
solution gas reservoir
-
storage reservoir
-
strip reservoir
-
supply reservoir
-
surface reservoir
-
tape reservoir
-
undersaturated reservoir
-
upper reservoir
-
vented reservoir
-
water drive reservoir
-
water-storage reservoir
-
weekly-storage reservoir -
62 maneuvering
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63 ADV
1. add a device - "добавить устройство";2. arc drop voltage - напряжение возникновения дугового разряда;3. atmospheric dump valve - клапан сброса среды в атмосферу -
64 pressure
- admission pressure
- air pressure
- allowable pressure
- application pressure
- applied pressure
- atmospheric pressure
- average pressure
- axial pressure
- back pressure of exhaust
- back pressure
- bearing pressure
- bellows pressure
- boost pressure
- brake pressure
- brake-system air pressure
- charging pressure
- circuit pressure
- closing pressure
- combustion chamber pressure
- combustion pressure
- compression pressure
- contact pressure
- control pressure
- correct pressure
- crankcase pressure
- critical pressure
- cylinder-wall pressure
- delivery pressure
- design pressure
- discharge pressure
- effective pressure
- entrance pressure
- excess pressure
- exhaust back pressure
- exhaust pressure
- exit pressure
- expansion pressure
- feed pressure
- final compression pressure
- fluid pressure
- fuel pressure
- fuel-injection pressure
- ground pressure
- high pressure
- hydraulic pressure
- ignition pressure
- indicated mean effective pressure
- indicated mean pressure
- indicated pressure
- inflation pressure of tire
- injection pressure
- inlet pressure
- intake pressure
- internal pressure
- lifting pressure
- line pressure
- low pressure
- manifold absolute pressure
- manifold pressure
- maximum effective combustion pressure
- maximum permissible inflation pressure
- mean effective pressure
- modulator pressure
- oil pressure
- opening pressure
- outlet pressure
- peak pressure
- peripheral pressure
- piston pressure
- point pressure
- radial pressure
- radiator check pressure
- rated pressure
- reduced pressure
- return pressure
- scavenging pressure
- service pressure
- sound pressure
- specific ground pressure
- specific pressure
- standard pressure
- support pressure
- test pressure
- tire pressure
- top pressure
- unit ground pressure
- unit pressure
- valve opening pressure
- wheel pressure
- working pressure* * *• давление -
65 backflow preventer
backflow preventer (BFP)обратный клапан- устройство, сконструированное для предотвращения обратного потока в гидравлических (водяных) системах. Примечание. Этот термин обычно используется применительно к системам, существенно связанным с обратным потоком.
Англо-русский словарь по кондиционированию и вентиляции > backflow preventer
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66 BFP
обратный клапан- устройство, сконструированное для предотвращения обратного потока в гидравлических (водяных) системах. Примечание. Этот термин обычно используется применительно к системам, существенно связанным с обратным потоком.
Англо-русский словарь по кондиционированию и вентиляции > BFP
-
67 BFP
обратный клапан- устройство, сконструированное для предотвращения обратного потока в гидравлических (водяных) системах. Примечание. Этот термин обычно используется применительно к системам, существенно связанным с обратным потоком.
English-Russian dictionary of terms for heating, ventilation, air conditioning and cooling air > BFP
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68 backflow preventer
backflow preventer (BFP)обратный клапан- устройство, сконструированное для предотвращения обратного потока в гидравлических (водяных) системах. Примечание. Этот термин обычно используется применительно к системам, существенно связанным с обратным потоком.
English-Russian dictionary of terms for heating, ventilation, air conditioning and cooling air > backflow preventer
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69 system
1) система; сеть; комплекс2) установка, устройство3) план; расположение4) система; порядок; классификация•- system of catalogs - system of catalogues - system of forces - system of ground points - system of road signs - system of scaffolds - acoustic signalling system - active residential solar heating system - aeration system - air-brake system - air-comfort system - air-conditioning system - air-curtain system - air-foam system - airline system - airline vacuum system - air-pressure water system - all-outside air-conditioning system - arch system - arch-and-pier system - audible alarm system - Automated Data Management System in Building - ADMSB - automatic fire alarm system - balanced system of ventilation - bar system - basic system - beam system - blower system - British absolute system of units - building system - building central air conditioning system - building solar optical system - bypass pipe system - cable system - cantilever tieback system - cathodic protection system of pipelines - central fan electric heating system - central hot water supply system - check-board system - circulating water system - closed system - closed heat supply system - closed pipeline system - collecting system - colour spraying systems - combined extract-and-input system - combined sewerage system - community complete system in containers or skids - composite cable roof system - compressed-air system - computer-aided system - consolidated power system - control system of survey - cooling system - cooling pipe system - coordinate system - curing system - decimal system - designation system - discrete system - discrete-continual system - distributing system - district heating system - double-pipe system - double-pipeline system - double-pipe riser system - downward system of ventilation - drainage system - drencher system - drop system - dry pipe sprinkler system - dry return system - duct system - earthling system - ejector system - elastic system - electric heating system - embedded panel system - emergency power supply system - energy recovery system - engineer's system of units - filling system of navigation lock - filtration system - fire-alarm sounding system - fire-fighting system - fire-sprinkling system - fire warning system - fixing systems - flange system - flooding system - floor system - floor system of bridge - floor heating system - flow-through system - flue gas cleaning system - fluid power system - forced circulation system - four-axis system - framed system - gas heating system - glaze systems - gravity system - gravity water supply system - grid system - hazard system - heating system - heat pump system - heat supply system - high pressure air-conditioning system - high velocity air-conditioning system - hinged system - hoisting system - hot air system - hot blast system - hot water supply system - inflation system - instantaneously variable system - integral deck system - integrated dispatching system - invariable system - ion-exchange system - irrigation system - land system - large public water system - lateral system - left-handed system - lighting system - local air-conditioning system - lock-filling system - long-line system - low pressure air-conditioning system - low velocity air-conditioning system - low voltage system - main system - management system - measuring system - mechanical systems of a house - medium-size public water system - membrane system - metric system - modular coordinating space system - monitoring system - multistage gas supply system - network system - observing system - once-through system - one-layer cable system - one-pipe heating system - one-pipe loop system - open system - open heat supply system - open return system - overhead system of heating - overhead heating system - panel air system - panel cooling system - pipeline system - piping system - plane system - plumbing system - pollution control system - population settlement group system - post-tensioned system - potabilization system - power system - power-reservoir system - pressurized water treatment system - pre-tensioned system - primary system - public transport system - public water system - public waterworks system - quality control system - quarternary system - railroad system - recirculated heating system - recirculation duct air conditioning system - recool system - rectangular system of street layout - reliability coefficients system - remote control system - reusing water supply system - rigid cable roof system - ring heating system - roll-cap system - round duct system - safety valve of a hydraulic system - saprobity system - separate sewerage system - septic system - sewerage system - single duct air-conditioning system - single-stage system - single-track automatic block system - slab-stringer system - smoke-detector system - solar aquatic system - solar cooling system - solar heating system - solar thermal power system - space system - split system - sprinkler system - statically determinate system - statically indeterminate system - steel plate system - structural system - supply air system - suspension system - thermal reheat system - three-dimensional system - three-way system of reinforcement - thrust system - total energy system - two-dimensional system - two-duct air-conditioning system - two-layer cable roof system - two-pipe water heating system - underfloor heating system - underground cable system - unified modular coordination system - universal sewerage system - upfeed water heating system - up-lighting system - utility system - utility detection system - vacuum system - vandalproof system - variable air volume system - ventilation system - warning system - waste treatment system - waste water system - water system - water measuring systems - water purification system - water quality system - water quality indicator system - water supply system - water supply by zones system - water treatment systems - wind bracing system - zone system* * *1. система; сеть (напр. трубопроводов); устройство2. способ, метод- system of forcessystem in equilibrium — равновесная система, система в состоянии равновесия
- system of masses
- system of scaffolds
- ABC system
- AC system
- acoustical ceiling system
- active solar energy system
- aesthetic value system
- air classification system
- air cycle refrigerating system
- airfield soil classification system
- air pollution control system
- air-to-air system
- air-to-water system
- air transport system
- alarm system
- all-air system
- all outside air system
- all-water coil system
- all water fan coil system
- approach lighting system
- arterial system
- Atterberg soil classification system
- audio alarm system
- automated casting system
- automatic fire alarm system
- automatic fire protection system
- automatic flushing system
- balanced system
- balanced system of streets
- balanced ventilation system
- bar system
- beam structural system
- bell alarm system
- Benoto piling system
- bivalent heat pump system
- bleed-in system
- blow and exhaust system
- blow through air-conditioning system
- blow through fan system
- bootstrap system
- box system
- bridge deck structured system
- British soil classification system
- building system
- building automation system
- building-drainage system
- building gravity drainage system
- building management system
- built-in dust suppression system
- burglar alarm system
- cable system
- central air heating system
- central fan system
- centralized hot-water supply system
- central plant air conditioning system
- changeover system
- circulating system
- circulation water supply system
- circulation water system
- closed system
- closed heat-supply system
- closed-loop heat pump system
- closed-type steam heating system
- coding system
- cogeneration system
- cold supply system
- collapsing-ring bridge rail system
- combined drainage system
- combined sewage system
- complanar system of structural members
- complanar force system
- complete-mix activated sludge system
- composite frame system
- compression system
- concrete suspended flooring system
- constant volume system
- continuous conveying system
- continuous suspension system
- control system
- cooling system
- coordinate system
- cost-efficient floor system
- crossbar approach lighting system
- cross blow ventilation system
- curtain walling system
- custom forming system
- decentralized air conditioning system
- decentralized sewerage system
- deluge sprinkler system
- desiccant cooling system
- designation system
- design-built system
- diffusion-absorption system
- digital indicating system
- direct system
- direct air heating system
- direct cooling system
- direct expansion system
- direct hot water system
- direct hot-water supply system
- direct return system
- direct through air-conditioning system
- distribution system
- domestic hot water system
- domestic sewerage system
- "Dot" recording system
- double-pipe system
- double stack system
- down-feed system
- drainage system
- draw-in system
- draw-through fan system
- draw-through system
- drencher system
- drop system
- dry-pipe sprinkler system
- dual conduit system
- duct system
- ductless split air conditioning system
- dust collecting system
- dust extract system
- early warning system
- economical floor system
- ejector refrigerating system
- elastic mechanical system
- elastic system
- electric heating system
- electric reheat system
- energy management system
- environmental system
- exhaust system
- extract system
- FAA soil classification system
- fan coil system
- Federal aviation administration soil classification system
- fire alarm system
- fire-extinguishing system
- fire protection system
- flat plate-pipe column floor system
- floor structural system
- floor system
- flow-through system
- F-number system
- force system
- forming-and-reinforcing system
- Forton system
- four pipe system
- gantry crane system
- gas heating system
- gravity system
- gravity-flow heating system
- gravity sewerage system
- gravity steam heating system
- gravity water-supply system
- grid coordinate system
- gridiron distribution system
- grounding system
- groundwater control system
- group water supply system
- gyratory system
- heat distribution system
- heating system
- heat-of-light system
- heat pump system
- heat recovery system
- heat supply system
- heat-traced system
- high-intensity lighting system
- high temperature hot-water heating system
- high velocity system
- hold-over system
- holonomic system
- hot-air system
- hot water system
- hot-water circulation system
- hush piling system
- hybrid system
- hydraulic control system
- hydrophilic system
- hydrophobic system
- indirect expansion system
- indirect hot-water supply system
- indirect refrigeration system
- individual sewage-disposal system
- induction air conditioning system
- induction system
- industrialized building systems
- inflation system
- instrument landing system
- integral deck system
- integrated distribution floor system
- inverter driven VRV system
- Jackson system
- land system
- large panel system
- lighting system
- line system
- liquid overfeed system
- local sewerage system
- low-pressure system
- low pressure hot water system
- low velocity system
- main system
- maintenance management system
- mass transit system
- materials-handling system
- mechanical system
- mechanical refrigerating system
- mechanical supply system
- medium pressure hot water system
- medium temperature hot water system
- microbore heating system
- modular system
- modular air conditioning system
- modular compression sealing system
- modular decking system
- modular precast building system
- multiple-degree system
- multiple web system
- multiple well system
- multistage gas-supply system
- multizone system
- municipal piping system
- nail-free formwork system
- non-changeover system
- octopus duct system
- oil fired heating system
- once-through water-supply system
- one-degree system
- one-duct air-conditioning system
- one-pipe system
- one-pipe loop system
- one-way system
- open system
- open expansion tank system
- open-loop control system
- open return system
- open steam heating system
- operation system
- overhead heating system
- overhead runway system
- packaged cogeneration system
- panel air-conditioning system
- panel air system
- panel-lock system
- partially-separate system
- piping system
- plane system of forces
- plane grid system
- plenum system
- plumbing system
- pneumatic conveying system
- post-tensioning system
- preaction sprinkler system
- prefabricated pipe conduit system
- pressurization system
- pressurized heating system
- pressurized hot water system
- primary-secondary system
- principal system
- public system
- public waterwork system
- push-through fan system
- push-through system
- quality system
- rail mounted track laying system
- raised floor system
- rapid transport system
- recool system
- recycling system
- recycling water system
- redundant bridge system
- refrigerating system
- regenerative air cycle system
- regional settlement system
- reheat system
- return system
- return air system
- reverse return system
- reverse return upfeed system
- rising heating system
- road system
- roofing system
- run-around system
- safety system
- scraper system
- sealed heating system
- security system
- self-climbing form system
- separate sewerage system
- separate system
- series loop system
- sewage system
- shunt system
- single-degree-of-freedom system
- single-degree system
- single duct air conditioning system
- single-pipe heating system
- single-pipe heat-supply system
- single-stack plumbing system
- single-storey heating system
- single web system
- single-zone air-conditioning system
- slab-stringer system
- small bore heating system
- smoke control system
- smoke extract ventilation system
- soil system
- soil absorption system
- solar heating system
- solid fuel heating system
- split system
- sprinkler system
- state plane coordinate system
- statically determinate system
- statically indeterminate system
- stationary system of loads
- steam heating system
- steel plate system
- storm sewer system
- structural system
- structural monitoring system
- sub-atmospheric heating system
- subbuilding drainage system
- subsurface drainage system
- subsurface sewage disposal system
- supply air system
- supporting formwork system
- suspension structural system
- swing joint system
- taxiway system
- telpher system
- terminal reheat system
- thermal storage heating system
- thermosiphon system
- three-pipe system
- three-pipe air-conditioning system
- three-pipe heat supply system
- total energy system
- track laying system
- trench shoring system
- trussed system
- truss-supported deck system
- tube cleaning system
- two-degree-of-freedom system
- two-degree system
- two-pipe system
- two value system of proportional balancing
- two value system
- two-way system
- underfloor conduit system
- unvented system
- up-feed heating system
- utility detection system
- vacuum heating system
- vacuum return system
- vacuum waste disposal system
- variable air volume system
- variable refrigerant volume system
- variable volume system
- variable water volume system
- VAV system
- vented system
- ventilation system
- VRV system
- VWV system
- warning system
- water-air heating system
- water booster system
- water-supply system
- water-to-air system
- water-to-water system
- wellpoint system
- wet return system
- wind framing system
- wire cable control system
- wiring system
- zoned system
- zone reheat system -
70 dry
засуха; сухость; II сушить; высушивать; осушать; II сухой; обезвоженный; высохший- dry atmospheric corrosion - dry back-pressure valve - dry blast cyxoe - dry-bound macadam - dry bridge - dry capacity - dry cell - dry-charged accumulator - dry-charged battery- dry coil- dry cutter application - dry cyaniding - dry cycle - dry cylinder liner - dry cylinder sleeve - dry excavating - dry fan - dry filter - dry fog - dry friction - dry friction torque - dry galvanizing cyxoe - dry gas - dry gas cleaner - dry gas fuel - dry gas meter - dry gas-holder - dry heat cure - dry house - dry insulation - dry liner - dry lubricant - dry lubricant film - dry machining cyxoe - dry mass of excavator - dry measure - dry-mixed - dry motoring - dry oil - dry out - dry pipe sprinkler system - dry polishing cyxoe - dry powder extinguisher - dry purification - dry-reed slot - dry-reed switch - dry road - dry-rolled surface - dry run - dry screening cyxoe - dry-sealed vacuum pump - dry skid - dry spraying cyxoe - dry station - dry steam - dry storage battery - dry-store - dry sump engine - dry sump lubrication - dry surface - dry sweetening - dry twisting cyxoe - dry-type collector - dry up - dry weather - dry weight -
71 forcing
форсировка; форсирование; нагнетание; принудительная подача; шприцевание; экструзия; II нагнетательный (о насосе или вентиляторе); напорный; форсированный (напр. двигатель)- forcing crop - forcing-engine - forcing fan - forcing fit - forcing frequency - forcing function - forcing of oscillation - forcing out - forcing pipe - forcing pump - forcing screw - forcing screw tightener - forcing through - forcing valve - atmospheric forcing - ramp forcing - step forcing - wind forcing -
72 engine
двигатель; мотор; машинаbuzz up an engine — жарг. запускать двигатель
clean the engine — прогазовывать [прочищать] двигатель (кратковременной даней газа)
engine of bypass ratio 10: 1 — двигатель с коэффициентом [степенью] двухконтурности 10:1
flight discarded jet engine — реактивный двигатель, отработавший лётный ресурс
kick the engine over — разг. запускать двигатель
lunar module ascent engine — подъёмный двигатель лунного модуля [отсека]
monofuel rocket engine — ЖРД на однокомпонентном [унитарном] топливе
open the engine up — давать газ, увеличивать тягу или мощность двигателя
prepackaged liquid propellant engine — ЖРД на топливе длительного хранения; заранее снаряжаемый ЖРД
production(-standard, -type) engine — серийный двигатель, двигатель серийного образца [типа]
return and landing engine — ксм. двигатель для возвращения и посадки
reversed rocket engine — тормозной ракетный двигатель; ксм. тормозная двигательная установка
run up the engine — опробовать [«гонять»] двигатель
secure the engine — выключать [останавливать, глушить] двигатель
shut down the engine — выключать [останавливать, глушить] двигатель
shut off the engine — выключать [останавливать, глушить] двигатель
solid(-fuel, -grain) rocket engine — ракетный двигатель твёрдого топлива
turn the engine over — проворачивать [прокручивать] двигатель [вал двигателя]
-
73 Brunel, Isambard Kingdom
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering, Land transport, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Ports and shipping, Public utilities, Railways and locomotives[br]b. 9 April 1806 Portsea, Hampshire, Englandd. 15 September 1859 18 Duke Street, St James's, London, England[br]English civil and mechanical engineer.[br]The son of Marc Isambard Brunel and Sophia Kingdom, he was educated at a private boarding-school in Hove. At the age of 14 he went to the College of Caen and then to the Lycée Henri-Quatre in Paris, after which he was apprenticed to Louis Breguet. In 1822 he returned from France and started working in his father's office, while spending much of his time at the works of Maudslay, Sons \& Field.From 1825 to 1828 he worked under his father on the construction of the latter's Thames Tunnel, occupying the position of Engineer-in-Charge, exhibiting great courage and presence of mind in the emergencies which occurred not infrequently. These culminated in January 1828 in the flooding of the tunnel and work was suspended for seven years. For the next five years the young engineer made abortive attempts to find a suitable outlet for his talents, but to little avail. Eventually, in 1831, his design for a suspension bridge over the River Avon at Clifton Gorge was accepted and he was appointed Engineer. (The bridge was eventually finished five years after Brunel's death, as a memorial to him, the delay being due to inadequate financing.) He next planned and supervised improvements to the Bristol docks. In March 1833 he was appointed Engineer of the Bristol Railway, later called the Great Western Railway. He immediately started to survey the route between London and Bristol that was completed by late August that year. On 5 July 1836 he married Mary Horsley and settled into 18 Duke Street, Westminster, London, where he also had his office. Work on the Bristol Railway started in 1836. The foundation stone of the Clifton Suspension Bridge was laid the same year. Whereas George Stephenson had based his standard railway gauge as 4 ft 8½ in (1.44 m), that or a similar gauge being usual for colliery wagonways in the Newcastle area, Brunel adopted the broader gauge of 7 ft (2.13 m). The first stretch of the line, from Paddington to Maidenhead, was opened to traffic on 4 June 1838, and the whole line from London to Bristol was opened in June 1841. The continuation of the line through to Exeter was completed and opened on 1 May 1844. The normal time for the 194-mile (312 km) run from Paddington to Exeter was 5 hours, at an average speed of 38.8 mph (62.4 km/h) including stops. The Great Western line included the Box Tunnel, the longest tunnel to that date at nearly two miles (3.2 km).Brunel was the engineer of most of the railways in the West Country, in South Wales and much of Southern Ireland. As railway networks developed, the frequent break of gauge became more of a problem and on 9 July 1845 a Royal Commission was appointed to look into it. In spite of comparative tests, run between Paddington-Didcot and Darlington-York, which showed in favour of Brunel's arrangement, the enquiry ruled in favour of the narrow gauge, 274 miles (441 km) of the former having been built against 1,901 miles (3,059 km) of the latter to that date. The Gauge Act of 1846 forbade the building of any further railways in Britain to any gauge other than 4 ft 8 1/2 in (1.44 m).The existence of long and severe gradients on the South Devon Railway led to Brunel's adoption of the atmospheric railway developed by Samuel Clegg and later by the Samuda brothers. In this a pipe of 9 in. (23 cm) or more in diameter was laid between the rails, along the top of which ran a continuous hinged flap of leather backed with iron. At intervals of about 3 miles (4.8 km) were pumping stations to exhaust the pipe. Much trouble was experienced with the flap valve and its lubrication—freezing of the leather in winter, the lubricant being sucked into the pipe or eaten by rats at other times—and the experiment was abandoned at considerable cost.Brunel is to be remembered for his two great West Country tubular bridges, the Chepstow and the Tamar Bridge at Saltash, with the latter opened in May 1859, having two main spans of 465 ft (142 m) and a central pier extending 80 ft (24 m) below high water mark and allowing 100 ft (30 m) of headroom above the same. His timber viaducts throughout Devon and Cornwall became a feature of the landscape. The line was extended ultimately to Penzance.As early as 1835 Brunel had the idea of extending the line westwards across the Atlantic from Bristol to New York by means of a steamship. In 1836 building commenced and the hull left Bristol in July 1837 for fitting out at Wapping. On 31 March 1838 the ship left again for Bristol but the boiler lagging caught fire and Brunel was injured in the subsequent confusion. On 8 April the ship set sail for New York (under steam), its rival, the 703-ton Sirius, having left four days earlier. The 1,340-ton Great Western arrived only a few hours after the Sirius. The hull was of wood, and was copper-sheathed. In 1838 Brunel planned a larger ship, some 3,000 tons, the Great Britain, which was to have an iron hull.The Great Britain was screwdriven and was launched on 19 July 1843,289 ft (88 m) long by 51 ft (15.5 m) at its widest. The ship's first voyage, from Liverpool to New York, began on 26 August 1845. In 1846 it ran aground in Dundrum Bay, County Down, and was later sold for use on the Australian run, on which it sailed no fewer than thirty-two times in twenty-three years, also serving as a troop-ship in the Crimean War. During this war, Brunel designed a 1,000-bed hospital which was shipped out to Renkioi ready for assembly and complete with shower-baths and vapour-baths with printed instructions on how to use them, beds and bedding and water closets with a supply of toilet paper! Brunel's last, largest and most extravagantly conceived ship was the Great Leviathan, eventually named The Great Eastern, which had a double-skinned iron hull, together with both paddles and screw propeller. Brunel designed the ship to carry sufficient coal for the round trip to Australia without refuelling, thus saving the need for and the cost of bunkering, as there were then few bunkering ports throughout the world. The ship's construction was started by John Scott Russell in his yard at Millwall on the Thames, but the building was completed by Brunel due to Russell's bankruptcy in 1856. The hull of the huge vessel was laid down so as to be launched sideways into the river and then to be floated on the tide. Brunel's plan for hydraulic launching gear had been turned down by the directors on the grounds of cost, an economy that proved false in the event. The sideways launch with over 4,000 tons of hydraulic power together with steam winches and floating tugs on the river took over two months, from 3 November 1857 until 13 January 1858. The ship was 680 ft (207 m) long, 83 ft (25 m) beam and 58 ft (18 m) deep; the screw was 24 ft (7.3 m) in diameter and paddles 60 ft (18.3 m) in diameter. Its displacement was 32,000 tons (32,500 tonnes).The strain of overwork and the huge responsibilities that lay on Brunel began to tell. He was diagnosed as suffering from Bright's disease, or nephritis, and spent the winter travelling in the Mediterranean and Egypt, returning to England in May 1859. On 5 September he suffered a stroke which left him partially paralysed, and he died ten days later at his Duke Street home.[br]Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1957, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, London: Longmans Green. J.Dugan, 1953, The Great Iron Ship, Hamish Hamilton.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Brunel, Isambard Kingdom
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74 Murdock (Murdoch), William
[br]b. 21 August 1754 Cumnock, Ayrshire, Scotlandd. 15 November 1839 Handsworth, Birmingham, England[br]Scottish engineer and inventor, pioneer in coal-gas production.[br]He was the third child and the eldest of three boys born to John Murdoch and Anna Bruce. His father, a millwright and joiner, spelled his name Murdock on moving to England. He was educated for some years at Old Cumnock Parish School and in 1777, with his father, he built a "wooden horse", supposed to have been a form of cycle. In 1777 he set out for the Soho manufactory of Boulton \& Watt, where he quickly found employment, Boulton supposedly being impressed by the lad's hat. This was oval and made of wood, and young William had turned it himself on a lathe of his own manufacture. Murdock quickly became Boulton \& Watt's representative in Cornwall, where there was a flourishing demand for steam-engines. He lived at Redruth during this period.It is said that a number of the inventions generally ascribed to James Watt are in fact as much due to Murdock as to Watt. Examples are the piston and slide valve and the sun-and-planet gearing. A number of other inventions are attributed to Murdock alone: typical of these is the oscillating cylinder engine which obviated the need for an overhead beam.In about 1784 he planned a steam-driven road carriage of which he made a working model. He also planned a high-pressure non-condensing engine. The model carriage was demonstrated before Murdock's friends and travelled at a speed of 6–8 mph (10–13 km/h). Boulton and Watt were both antagonistic to their employees' developing independent inventions, and when in 1786 Murdock set out with his model for the Patent Office, having received no reply to a letter he had sent to Watt, Boulton intercepted him on the open road near Exeter and dissuaded him from going any further.In 1785 he married Mary Painter, daughter of a mine captain. She bore him four children, two of whom died in infancy, those surviving eventually joining their father at the Soho Works. Murdock was a great believer in pneumatic power: he had a pneumatic bell-push at Sycamore House, his home near Soho. The pattern-makers lathe at the Soho Works worked for thirty-five years from an air motor. He also conceived the idea of a vacuum piston engine to exhaust a pipe, later developed by the London Pneumatic Despatch Company's railway and the forerunner of the atmospheric railway.Another field in which Murdock was a pioneer was the gas industry. In 1791, in Redruth, he was experimenting with different feedstocks in his home-cum-office in Cross Street: of wood, peat and coal, he preferred the last. He designed and built in the backyard of his house a prototype generator, washer, storage and distribution plant, and publicized the efficiency of coal gas as an illuminant by using it to light his own home. In 1794 or 1795 he informed Boulton and Watt of his experimental work and of its success, suggesting that a patent should be applied for. James Watt Junior was now in the firm and was against patenting the idea since they had had so much trouble with previous patents and had been involved in so much litigation. He refused Murdock's request and for a short time Murdock left the firm to go home to his father's mill. Boulton \& Watt soon recognized the loss of a valuable servant and, in a short time, he was again employed at Soho, now as Engineer and Superintendent at the increased salary of £300 per year plus a 1 per cent commission. From this income, he left £14,000 when he died in 1839.In 1798 the workshops of Boulton and Watt were permanently lit by gas, starting with the foundry building. The 180 ft (55 m) façade of the Soho works was illuminated by gas for the Peace of Paris in June 1814. By 1804, Murdock had brought his apparatus to a point where Boulton \& Watt were able to canvas for orders. Murdock continued with the company after the death of James Watt in 1819, but retired in 1830 and continued to live at Sycamore House, Handsworth, near Birmingham.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRoyal Society Rumford Gold Medal 1808.Further ReadingS.Smiles, 1861, Lives of the Engineers, Vol. IV: Boulton and Watt, London: John Murray.H.W.Dickinson and R.Jenkins, 1927, James Watt and the Steam Engine, Oxford: Clarendon Press.J.A.McCash, 1966, "William Murdoch. Faithful servant" in E.G.Semler (ed.), The Great Masters. Engineering Heritage, Vol. II, London: Institution of Mechanical Engineers/Heinemann.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Murdock (Murdoch), William
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75 Papin, Denis
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 22 August 1647 Blois, Loire et Cher, Franced. 1712 London, England[br]French mathematician and physicist, inventor of the pressure-cooker.[br]Largely educated by his father, he worked for some time for Huygens at Ley den, then for a time in London where he assisted Robert Boyle with his experiments on the air pump. He supposedly invented the double-acting air pump. He travelled to Venice and worked there for a time, but was back in London in 1684 before taking up the position of Professor of Mathematics at the University of Marburg (in 1669 or 1670 he became a Doctor of Medicine at Angers), where he remained from 1687 to 1695. Then followed a period at Cassel, where he was employed by the Duke of Hesse. In this capacity he was much involved in the application of steam-power to pumping water for the Duke's garden fountains. Papin finally returned to London in 1707. He is best known for his "digester", none other than the domestic pressure-cooker. John Evelyn describes it in his diary (12 April 1682): "I went this Afternoone to a Supper, with severall of the R.Society, which was all dressed (both fish and flesh) in Monsieur Papins Digestorie; by which the hardest bones of Biefe itself, \& Mutton, were without water, or other liquor, \& with less than 8 ounces of Coales made as soft as Cheeze, produc'd an incredible quantity of Gravie…. This Philosophical Supper raised much mirth among us, \& exceedingly pleased all the Companie." The pressure-cooker depends on the increase in the boiling point of water with increase of pressure. To avoid the risk of the vessel exploding, Papin devised a weight-loaded lever-type safety valve.There are those who would claim that Papin preceded Newcomen as the true inventor of the steam engine. There is no doubt that as early as 1690 Papin had the idea of an atmospheric engine, in which a piston in a cylinder is forced upwards by expanding steam and then returned by the weight of the atmosphere upon the piston, but he lacked practical engineering skill such as was necessary to put theory into practice. The story is told of his last trip from Cassel, when returning to England. It is said that he built his own steamboat, intending to make the whole journey by this means, ending with a triumphal journey up the Thames. However, boatmen on the river Weser, thinking that the steamboat threatened their livelihood, attacked it and broke it up. Papin had to travel by more orthodox means. Papin is said to have co-operated with Thomas Savery in the development of the lat-ter's steam engine, on which he was working c. 1705.[br]Further ReadingCharles-Armand Klein, 1987, Denis Papin: Illustre savant blaisois, Chambray, France: CLD.A.P.M.Fleming and H.R.S.Brocklehurst, 1925, A History of Engineering.Sigvar Strandh, 1979, Machines, Mitchell Beazley.IMcN -
76 pressure
pressure nдавлениеacross filter pressure dropсвес лопастиaerodrome pressureдавление на аэродромеaerodynamic pressureаэродинамическое давлениеair intake pressureдавление на входе в воздухозаборникair pressureдавление воздухаair pressure valveвоздушный редукторambient pressureдавление при обтеканииatmospheric pressureатмосферное давлениеat zero pressureпри отсутствии давленияbarometric pressureбарометрическое давлениеbellcrank pressure sealгермовывод поворотной качалкиblade pressure sideрабочая часть лопасти воздушного винтаblood pressureкровяное давлениеboost pressureдавление наддуваboost pressure indicatorуказатель давления наддуваbrake pressureдавление в тормозной системеburner pressureдавление перед форсункамиburst pressureдавление взрываcabin pressure1. высота в кабине2. давление в кабине cabin pressure indicatorуказатель перепада давления в кабинеcabin pressure regulatorрегулятор давления в кабинеcenter of air pressureцентр аэродинамического давленияcenter of pressureцентр давленияcharged pressureдавление зарядкиcompressor delivery pressureдавление за компрессоромcompressor pressure ratioстепень повышения давления компрессоромconstant pressure chartкарта постоянного давленияcontrol cable pressure sealгермовывод троса управленияcontrol rod pressure sealгермовывод тяги управленияdefueling suction pressureдавление откачки топливаdesign pressureрасчетное давлениеdifferential pressureизбыточное давлениеdifferential pressure indicatorуказатель высоты перепада давленияdifferential pressure switchсигнализатор перепада давленияdiminish pressureуменьшать давлениеdischarge pressure overboardсбрасывать давление за бортdynamic pressureскоростной напорexcessive pressureизбыточное давлениеexcessive pressure dropпадение давления на фильтреexhaust back pressureобратное давление на выходе газовfootprint pressureудельное давление на поверхность ВППfree-stream pressureдавление в свободном потокеfuel pressure gageманометр давления топливаfuel pressure indicatorуказатель давления топливаfuel pressure warning lightсигнальная лампочка давления топливаfuel supply pressureдавление в системе подачи топливаgage pressureманометрическое давлениеhigh pressure filterфильтр высокого давленияhigh pressure pumpнасос высокого давленияhigh pressure rotorротор высокого давленияhydraulic pressureгидравлическое давлениеinductive pressure gageиндуктивный манометрinlet pressure recoveryвосстановление давления во входном устройствеinternal pressureвнутреннее давлениеlow pressure filterфильтр низкого давленияlow pressure pumpнасос низкого давленияlow pressure rotorротор низкого давленияlow pressure tireпневматическая шина низкого давленияlow pressure turbineтурбина низкого давленияmanifold pressureдавление наддуваmanifold pressure characteristicхарактеристика по наддувуmean sea level pressureдавление над уровнем моряmeasure pressureзамерять давлениеminimum pressure switchсигнализатор минимального давленияnoise pressure levelуровень звукового давленияnozzle exhaust pressure ratioстепень перепада давления на срезе соплаnozzle-exit pressureдавление на срезе соплаoil pressure sectionнагнетающая ступень маслоагрегата(двигателя) operating pressureрабочее давлениеoverall sound pressure levelсуммарный уровень звукового давленияperking pressureдавление в системе стояночного тормозаPitot pressure connectionштуцер полного давленияpressure altimeterбарометрический высотомерpressure altitudeвысота по давлениюpressure balance tubeдренажная трубкаpressure bulkheadгермошпангоут, герметическая перегородкаpressure capsuleмембранная коробкаpressure centerцентр давленияpressure chamberбарокамераpressure control systemсистема регулирования давленияpressure control unitавтомат давленияpressure differentialперепад давленияpressure differential regulatorрегулятор избыточного давленияpressure disturbanceпомехи от давленияpressure domeгермоднищеpressure doorгермостворкаpressure dropпадение давленияpressure equalizerкомпенсатор давленияpressure filterфильтр нагнетающей магистралиpressure flyingполеты по изобареpressure forceсила давленияpressure frontфронт давленияpressure fuelingзаправка топливом под давлениемpressure fueling couplingштуцер заправки топливом под давлениемpressure fueling manifoldколлектор системы заправки топливом под давлениемpressure fueling systemсистема заправки топливом под давлениемpressure fuel systemсистема подачи топлива под давлениемpressure gageманометрpressure gage transmitterдатчик манометра давленияpressure headприемник давленияpressure helmetгермошлемpressure instrumentанероидно-мембранный приборpressure lubricationсмазка под давлениемpressure mapкарта давленияpressure measurement pipeтрубка замера давленияpressure meterманометрpressure padsрешетка системы сигнализацииpressure pipeлиния нагнетанияpressure ratioстепень сжатияpressure refuel connectionштуцер централизованной заправкиpressure refuel couplingштуцер дозаправки топливом под давлениемpressure refuel pipelineтрубопровод централизованной заправкиpressure regulatorрегулятор давленияpressure relayреле давленияpressure reliefстравливание давленияpressure response characteristicхарактеристика чувствительности к звуковому давлениюpressure scaleшкала давленияpressure sealгермовыводpressure seal bellowsгофрированный чехолpressure seal connectorгерметический разъемpressure sensitivityчувствительность по давлениюpressure shockскачок уплотненияpressure signatureпрофиль волны давленияpressure switchсигнализатор давленияpressure variationколебание давленияpressure warning switchсигнализатор аварийного давленияpressure waveволна давленияprimary static pressure sourceосновной источник статического давленияrated pressureноминальное давлениеreflected pressure riseрост давления при отраженииrelease pressure to overboardстравливать давление за бортrelieve pressureуменьшать давлениеremote-reading pressure gageдистанционный манометрservice pressureэксплуатационное давлениеset-to-open pressureдавление открытияshock pressureдавление в скачке уплотненияshock-wave pressureдавление ударной волныsound pressureзвуковое давлениеsound pressure levelуровень звукового давленияsound pressure sensitivity calibrationкалибровка чувствительности по звуковому давлениюsound pressure sensitivity checkпроверка чувствительности к звуковому давлениюspecific pressure datumустановленная величина давленияstatic pressureстатическое давлениеstatic pressure connectionштуцер статического давленияstatic pressure tapприемник статического давленияtank pressureдавление в топливном бакеtapping pressureдавление в точке отбораtest pressureиспытательное давлениеtorque pressure transmitterдатчик измерителя крутящего моментаtotal pressure contourконтур суммарного давленияturbine exhaust pressureдавление газов за турбинойturbine inlet pressureдавление газовultimate pressureпредельное давлениеundisturbed pressureдавление в невозмущенном потокеwake pressureдавление в спутной струеwheel specific pressureудельное давление колеса на грунтwind pressureветровое давлениеwind-tunnel pressureдавление в аэродинамической трубеwing pressure plottingраспределение давления по крылуworking pressureрабочее давление -
77 APRV
быстродействущий клапан сброса давления в атмосферу
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > APRV
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78 ADV
клапан сброса (среды) в атмосферу
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[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]Тематики
EN
падение напряжения на дуге
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[В.А.Семенов. Англо-русский словарь по релейной защите]
[Лугинский Я. Н. и др. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике. 2-е издание - М.: РУССО, 1995 - 616 с.]Тематики
- релейная защита
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ADV
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