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1 appropriate behavior of function
Математика: регулярность функцииУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > appropriate behavior of function
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2 appropriate behavior of function
матем.English-Russian scientific dictionary > appropriate behavior of function
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3 function of appropriate behavior
Математика: регулярная функцияУниверсальный англо-русский словарь > function of appropriate behavior
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4 function of appropriate behavior
English-Russian scientific dictionary > function of appropriate behavior
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5 appropriate
------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] appropriate[Swahili Word] muafaka[Part of Speech] adjective[English Example] Truly being in bed is the appropriate place for a person with problems.[Swahili Example] Kweli kitandani ni mahali muafaka kwa mtu mwenye matatizo [Chacha, Masomo 374]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] appropriate[Swahili Word] barabara[Part of Speech] adjective[Derived Language] Farsi------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] appropriate (by force)[Swahili Word] -poka[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] appropriate (usually in reference to actions or behavior)[Swahili Word] laiki[Part of Speech] adjective[English Example] The Honored One of wonders, appropriate for every praise.[Swahili Example] Mtukufu wa mizungu, laiki wa kila sifa [Shaaban Robert, Masomo 426]------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] appropriate to[Swahili Word] kwa kiasi[Part of Speech] adverb[Derived Language] Arabic------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] as is appropriate[Swahili Word] kiasi cha ada tu[Part of Speech] phrase------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] be appropriate[Swahili Word] -sadifu[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] be appropriate[Swahili Word] -sihi[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[English Word] be appropriate[Swahili Word] -wafiki[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------ -
6 appropriate copilot behavior
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > appropriate copilot behavior
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7 appropriate copilot behavior
Англо-русский словарь по авиационной медицине > appropriate copilot behavior
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8 регулярность функции
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > регулярность функции
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9 регулярная функция
1) Engineering: well-behaved function2) Mathematics: function of appropriate behavior, regular function3) Makarov: function of appropriate behaviourУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > регулярная функция
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10 регулярность функции
Mathematics: appropriate behavior of functionУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > регулярность функции
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11 сексуально приемлемое поведение
Russian-english psychology dictionary > сексуально приемлемое поведение
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12 регулярная функция
function of appropriate behavior, regular functionРусско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > регулярная функция
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13 function
1) функция, действие || функционировать; действовать- essential functions - routine function - safety-related functions2) функциональное назначение; роль- circuit function - intrinsic function - metering function - primary function - robot function - planning function - service function - support function4) функциональный узел ( машины)5) матем. функциональная зависимость, функция- absolutely additive function - absolutely bounded function - absolutely continuous function - absolutely integrable function - absolutely monotone function - absolutely summable function - absolutely symmetric function - almost complex function - almost continuous function - almost convex function - almost everywhere defined function - almost everywhere finite function - almost invariant function - almost periodic function - almost recursive function - almost separably-valued function - almost separating function - almost universal function - analytically independent function - analytically representable function - approximately differentiable function - asymptotically differentiable function - asymptotically finite function - asymptotically uniformly optimal function - bounded below function - cellwise continuous function - circumferentially mean p-valent function - comparison function - complementary error function - complete analytic function - completely additive function - completely computable function - completely monotone function - completely multiplicative function - completely productive function - completely subadditive function - completely symmetrical function - completely undefined function - complex hyperbolic function - conditional risk function - countably multiplicative function - countably valued function - covariant function - cumulative distribution function - cumulative frequency function - deficiency function - double limit function - doubly periodic function - doubly recursive function - effectively computable function - effectively constant function - effectively decidable function - effectively variable function - elementarily symmetric function - entire function of maximum type - entire function of mean type - entire function of potential type - entire function of zero type - entire rational function - essentially increasing function - essentially integrable function - essentially real function - essentially smooth function - everywhere differentiable function - everywhere smooth function - expansible function - explicitly definable function - exponentially convex function - exponentially decreasing function - exponentially increasing function - exponentially multiplicative function - exponentially vanishing function - finitely mean valent function - finitely measurable function - function of appropriate behavior - function of bounded characteristic - function of bounded type - function of bounded variation - function of complex variable - function of exponential type - function of finite genus - function of finite variation - function of fractional order - function of infinite type - function of integral order - function of maximal type - function of minimal type - function of mixed variables - function of normal type - function of number theory - function of one variable - function of rapid descent - function of rapid growth - function of real variable - general universal function - geometric carrier function - implicitly definable function - incomplete dibeta function - incomplete gamma function - incomplete tribeta function - incompletely defined function - inductively defined function - inductively integrable function - infinitely divisible function - infinitely many-valued function - integral logarithmic function - inverse trigonometric function - inverted beta function - iterative function - joint correlation function - joint density function - linearly separable function - locally bounded function - locally constant function - locally holomorphic function - locally homogeneous function - locally integrable function - locally negligible function - locally regular function - locally summable function - logarithmic generating function - logarithmic integral function - logarithmically infinite function - logarithmically plurisubharmonic function - logarithmically subharmonic function - lower semicontinuous function - monotone non-decreasing function - monotone non-increasing function - multiply periodic function - multiply recursive function - negative definite function - negative infinite function - nontangentially bounded function - normalized function - normed function - nowhere continuous function - nowhere differentiable function - nowhere monotonic function - n-times differentiable function - n-tuply periodic function - numeralwise expressible function - numeralwise representable function - numerical function - numerically valued function - oblate spheroidal function - operating characteristic function - optimal policy function - parametrically definable function - partially symmetric function - piecewise constant function - piecewise continuously differentiable function - piecewise linear function - piecewise monotonic function - piecewise polynomial function - piecewise quadratic function - piecewise regular function - piecewise smooth function - pointwise approximated function - positive homogeneous function - positive infinite function - positive monotone function - positive monotonic function - positive semidefinite function - potentially calculable function - potentially recursive function - power series function - probability generating function - quadratically summable function - rapidly damped function - rapidly decreasing function - rapidly oscillatory function - recursively continuous function - recursively convergent function - recursively defined function - recursively differentiable function - recursively divergent function - recursively extensible function - relative distribution function - relative frequency function - representing function - reproducing kernel function - residual function - residue function - scalarwise integrable function - scalarwise measurable function - sectionally smooth function - simply periodic function - singly recursive function - slowly increasing function - slowly oscillating function - slowly varying function - smoothly varying function - solid spherical harmonic function - solid zonal harmonic function - steadily increasing function - stopped random function - strictly convex function - strictly decreasing function - strictly increasing function - strictly integrable function - strictly monotone function - strongly differentiable function - strongly holomorphic function - strongly integrable function - strongly measurable function - strongly plurisubharmonic function - totally additive function - totally continuous function - totally measurable function - totally multiplicative function - totally positive function - triangular function - uniformly best decision function - uniformly bounded function - uniformly definable function - uniformly differentiable function - uniformly homotopic function - uniformly integrable function - uniformly limited function - uniformly measurable function - uniformly smooth function - unit step function - unitary divisor function - upper measurable function - upper semicontinuous function - weakly analytic function - weakly continuous function - weakly differentiable function - weakly holomorphic function - weakly measurable function - weakly singular function - weighted random functiondomain of a function — область определения функции, область изменения независимой переменной
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14 ἀστεῖος
ἀστεῖος, α, ον (Aristoph. et al.; X., Pla.; LXX, Philo; Jos., Ant. 7, 147; Just., D. 1, 6) adj., fr. ἄστυ. In Greece ‘the city’ (ἄστυ) was Athens and in Egypt it was Alexandria. The splendid edifices and culture of such sites would offer a striking contrast to conditions in the countryside (ἀγρός), hence ἀστεῖος ‘befitting a city’ (Lat. urbanus) denotes good breeding, refinement (our colloq. ‘class’; as applied to conduct s. Philo, Mos. 1, 18; Spec. Leg. 1, 284 ἄξιον αὑτὸν παρεχέτω τῶν εὐπραγιῶν ἀστεῖος ὤν ‘let him show himself worthy of such benefits by appropriate behavior’; Num 22:32; of personal grace and charm, PHib 54, 16; PCairZen 562, 21; Judg 3:17; Jdth 11:23; Sus 7) handsome of Moses (s. Ex 2:2), who bears the marks of good breeding Hb 11:23 (the narrative structure suggests that Moses would be a match for Pharaoh, cp. vs. 24). Sim. well-bred ἀ. τῷ θεῷ Ac 7:20 of Moses, whose shepherd background would be a mark of ill-breeding to Egyptians, but God considers him a person of refined status, a perspective developed in the narrative that follows (s. vss. 22, 35f). For the probability that τ. θεῷ functions as a superl. ‘very well-bred pers.’ (cp. Jon 3:3 of Nineveh μεγάλη τῷ θεῷ ‘a very great city’) s. θεός 3gβ.—DELG s.v. ἄστυ. Schmidt, Syn. II 505. M-M. Spicq. -
15 proceder
m.1 conduct, behavior.2 course of action, doing so, action, proceeding.v.1 to act.2 to proceed.procedemos a leer el nombre de los ganadores we will now read out the names of the winners3 to be appropriate (ser oportuno).* * *1 (pasar a ejecutar) to proceed2 (actuar) to act3 (ser adecuado) to be appropriate1 behaviour (US behavior)\proceder de (venir de) to come from■ ¿de dónde procede su familia? where is her family from?* * *verb1) to proceed2) behave•* * *1. VI1) (=provenir)proceder de — to come from, originate in
procede de una familia rica — she comes from o belongs to a wealthy family
de donde procede que... — (from) whence it happens that... frm
2) [al actuar] (=obrar) to act; (=conducirse) to proceed, behaveconviene proceder con cuidado — it is best to go carefully, it would be best to proceed with caution
proceder contra algn — (Jur) to take proceedings against sb
3) (=pasar) to proceed4) (=ser correcto) to be right (and proper), be fittingluego, si procede,... — then, if appropriate,...
5) * (=estar de moda) to be in *, be in fashion2.SM (=conducta) behaviour, behavior (EEUU); (=línea de acción) course of action* * *Imasculino (frml) behavior*, conduct (frml)IIverbo intransitivo1) ( provenir)2) ( actuar) to proceed (frml)proceder contra alguien — (Der) to iniciate proceedings against somebody
3) (frml) ( iniciar)4) ( ser conveniente)procede/no procede la protesta — (Der) objection sustained/overruled
* * *= derive.Ex. The scheme was designed for the Library of Congress and many of the features of the scheme derived from this fact.----* cuando proceda = where appropriate, when applicable.* donde proceda = where applicable.* proceder de = emanate from, originate (from), come from, hail from, proceed from.* proceder dudoso = unfair practice.* proceder injusto = unfair practice.* que procede del exterior = inbound.* si procede = if applicable, if appropriate.* * *Imasculino (frml) behavior*, conduct (frml)IIverbo intransitivo1) ( provenir)2) ( actuar) to proceed (frml)proceder contra alguien — (Der) to iniciate proceedings against somebody
3) (frml) ( iniciar)4) ( ser conveniente)procede/no procede la protesta — (Der) objection sustained/overruled
* * *= derive.Ex: The scheme was designed for the Library of Congress and many of the features of the scheme derived from this fact.
* cuando proceda = where appropriate, when applicable.* donde proceda = where applicable.* proceder de = emanate from, originate (from), come from, hail from, proceed from.* proceder dudoso = unfair practice.* proceder injusto = unfair practice.* que procede del exterior = inbound.* si procede = if applicable, if appropriate.* * *( frml)behavior*, conduct ( frml)su proceder en aquella ocasión fue muy extraño the way she acted o her conduct on that occasion was very strangeignoro la causa de su proceder I don't know why she behaved o acted like thatviA (provenir) proceder DE algo to come FROM sthesa palabra procede del árabe that word comes from Arabicdebemos proceder con cautela we should proceed with cautionsiempre procedió con mucha corrección he always behaved very correctlyproceder contra algn ( Der) to iniciate proceedings against sbuna vez presentados los candidatos se procedió a la votación once the candidates had been introduced voting beganla policía procedió a su detención the police proceeded to arrest himD(ser conveniente): vistos los hechos procede actuar rápidamente in view of the circumstances it would be wise to act swiftlyejerceremos, cuando proceda, las acciones oportunas we will take the necessary action, where appropriate* * *
proceder ( conjugate proceder) verbo intransitivo
1 ( provenir) proceder DE algo to come from sth
2 ( actuar) to act, to proceed (frml);
proceder contra algn (Der) to iniciate proceedings against sb
3 (frml) ( iniciar) proceder A algo to proceed to sth
4 ( ser conveniente):
rellenar lo que proceda complete as appropriate
proceder
I verbo intransitivo
1 (provenir) proceder de, to come from: procede de una familia noble, he comes from a noble family
2 (actuar) to act, proceed: tu amigo procedió de un modo extraño, your friend acted strangely
3 (ser pertinente) to be appropriate o right
II m (modo de actuar) behaviour, conduct
' proceder' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
derivar
- exhumación
- homologación
- obrar
- venir
- descender
English:
come on to
- go along
- modus operandi
- proceed
* * *proceder1 vila sidra procede de la manzana cider comes from apples;esta costumbre procede del siglo XIX this custom dates back to the 19th centuryhay que proceder con cuidado en este asunto we should proceed with care in this matter3. [empezar] to proceed (a with);procedemos a leer el nombre de los ganadores we will now read out the names of the winners;vamos a proceder a la votación we will now proceed with the vote4. [ser oportuno] to be appropriate;procede estudiar la propuesta con detenimiento it would be wise to study the proposal carefully;procede cambiar de táctica it would be a good idea to change tactics5. [legalmente]van a proceder contra la empresa they are going to start proceedings against the companyproceder2 nmconduct, behaviour* * *I v/i1 ( venir) come (de from)2 ( actuar) proceed;proceder a proceed to;proceder contra alguien initiate proceedings against s.o.3 ( ser conveniente) be fittingII m conduct* * *proceder vi1) avanzar: to proceed2) : to act, to behave3) : to be appropriate, to be fitting4)proceder de : to originate from, to come from* * * -
16 Artificial Intelligence
In my opinion, none of [these programs] does even remote justice to the complexity of human mental processes. Unlike men, "artificially intelligent" programs tend to be single minded, undistractable, and unemotional. (Neisser, 1967, p. 9)Future progress in [artificial intelligence] will depend on the development of both practical and theoretical knowledge.... As regards theoretical knowledge, some have sought a unified theory of artificial intelligence. My view is that artificial intelligence is (or soon will be) an engineering discipline since its primary goal is to build things. (Nilsson, 1971, pp. vii-viii)Most workers in AI [artificial intelligence] research and in related fields confess to a pronounced feeling of disappointment in what has been achieved in the last 25 years. Workers entered the field around 1950, and even around 1960, with high hopes that are very far from being realized in 1972. In no part of the field have the discoveries made so far produced the major impact that was then promised.... In the meantime, claims and predictions regarding the potential results of AI research had been publicized which went even farther than the expectations of the majority of workers in the field, whose embarrassments have been added to by the lamentable failure of such inflated predictions....When able and respected scientists write in letters to the present author that AI, the major goal of computing science, represents "another step in the general process of evolution"; that possibilities in the 1980s include an all-purpose intelligence on a human-scale knowledge base; that awe-inspiring possibilities suggest themselves based on machine intelligence exceeding human intelligence by the year 2000 [one has the right to be skeptical]. (Lighthill, 1972, p. 17)4) Just as Astronomy Succeeded Astrology, the Discovery of Intellectual Processes in Machines Should Lead to a Science, EventuallyJust as astronomy succeeded astrology, following Kepler's discovery of planetary regularities, the discoveries of these many principles in empirical explorations on intellectual processes in machines should lead to a science, eventually. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)5) Problems in Machine Intelligence Arise Because Things Obvious to Any Person Are Not Represented in the ProgramMany problems arise in experiments on machine intelligence because things obvious to any person are not represented in any program. One can pull with a string, but one cannot push with one.... Simple facts like these caused serious problems when Charniak attempted to extend Bobrow's "Student" program to more realistic applications, and they have not been faced up to until now. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 77)What do we mean by [a symbolic] "description"? We do not mean to suggest that our descriptions must be made of strings of ordinary language words (although they might be). The simplest kind of description is a structure in which some features of a situation are represented by single ("primitive") symbols, and relations between those features are represented by other symbols-or by other features of the way the description is put together. (Minsky & Papert, 1973, p. 11)[AI is] the use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular. (Boden, 1977, p. 5)The word you look for and hardly ever see in the early AI literature is the word knowledge. They didn't believe you have to know anything, you could always rework it all.... In fact 1967 is the turning point in my mind when there was enough feeling that the old ideas of general principles had to go.... I came up with an argument for what I called the primacy of expertise, and at the time I called the other guys the generalists. (Moses, quoted in McCorduck, 1979, pp. 228-229)9) Artificial Intelligence Is Psychology in a Particularly Pure and Abstract FormThe basic idea of cognitive science is that intelligent beings are semantic engines-in other words, automatic formal systems with interpretations under which they consistently make sense. We can now see why this includes psychology and artificial intelligence on a more or less equal footing: people and intelligent computers (if and when there are any) turn out to be merely different manifestations of the same underlying phenomenon. Moreover, with universal hardware, any semantic engine can in principle be formally imitated by a computer if only the right program can be found. And that will guarantee semantic imitation as well, since (given the appropriate formal behavior) the semantics is "taking care of itself" anyway. Thus we also see why, from this perspective, artificial intelligence can be regarded as psychology in a particularly pure and abstract form. The same fundamental structures are under investigation, but in AI, all the relevant parameters are under direct experimental control (in the programming), without any messy physiology or ethics to get in the way. (Haugeland, 1981b, p. 31)There are many different kinds of reasoning one might imagine:Formal reasoning involves the syntactic manipulation of data structures to deduce new ones following prespecified rules of inference. Mathematical logic is the archetypical formal representation. Procedural reasoning uses simulation to answer questions and solve problems. When we use a program to answer What is the sum of 3 and 4? it uses, or "runs," a procedural model of arithmetic. Reasoning by analogy seems to be a very natural mode of thought for humans but, so far, difficult to accomplish in AI programs. The idea is that when you ask the question Can robins fly? the system might reason that "robins are like sparrows, and I know that sparrows can fly, so robins probably can fly."Generalization and abstraction are also natural reasoning process for humans that are difficult to pin down well enough to implement in a program. If one knows that Robins have wings, that Sparrows have wings, and that Blue jays have wings, eventually one will believe that All birds have wings. This capability may be at the core of most human learning, but it has not yet become a useful technique in AI.... Meta- level reasoning is demonstrated by the way one answers the question What is Paul Newman's telephone number? You might reason that "if I knew Paul Newman's number, I would know that I knew it, because it is a notable fact." This involves using "knowledge about what you know," in particular, about the extent of your knowledge and about the importance of certain facts. Recent research in psychology and AI indicates that meta-level reasoning may play a central role in human cognitive processing. (Barr & Feigenbaum, 1981, pp. 146-147)Suffice it to say that programs already exist that can do things-or, at the very least, appear to be beginning to do things-which ill-informed critics have asserted a priori to be impossible. Examples include: perceiving in a holistic as opposed to an atomistic way; using language creatively; translating sensibly from one language to another by way of a language-neutral semantic representation; planning acts in a broad and sketchy fashion, the details being decided only in execution; distinguishing between different species of emotional reaction according to the psychological context of the subject. (Boden, 1981, p. 33)Can the synthesis of Man and Machine ever be stable, or will the purely organic component become such a hindrance that it has to be discarded? If this eventually happens-and I have... good reasons for thinking that it must-we have nothing to regret and certainly nothing to fear. (Clarke, 1984, p. 243)The thesis of GOFAI... is not that the processes underlying intelligence can be described symbolically... but that they are symbolic. (Haugeland, 1985, p. 113)14) Artificial Intelligence Provides a Useful Approach to Psychological and Psychiatric Theory FormationIt is all very well formulating psychological and psychiatric theories verbally but, when using natural language (even technical jargon), it is difficult to recognise when a theory is complete; oversights are all too easily made, gaps too readily left. This is a point which is generally recognised to be true and it is for precisely this reason that the behavioural sciences attempt to follow the natural sciences in using "classical" mathematics as a more rigorous descriptive language. However, it is an unfortunate fact that, with a few notable exceptions, there has been a marked lack of success in this application. It is my belief that a different approach-a different mathematics-is needed, and that AI provides just this approach. (Hand, quoted in Hand, 1985, pp. 6-7)We might distinguish among four kinds of AI.Research of this kind involves building and programming computers to perform tasks which, to paraphrase Marvin Minsky, would require intelligence if they were done by us. Researchers in nonpsychological AI make no claims whatsoever about the psychological realism of their programs or the devices they build, that is, about whether or not computers perform tasks as humans do.Research here is guided by the view that the computer is a useful tool in the study of mind. In particular, we can write computer programs or build devices that simulate alleged psychological processes in humans and then test our predictions about how the alleged processes work. We can weave these programs and devices together with other programs and devices that simulate different alleged mental processes and thereby test the degree to which the AI system as a whole simulates human mentality. According to weak psychological AI, working with computer models is a way of refining and testing hypotheses about processes that are allegedly realized in human minds.... According to this view, our minds are computers and therefore can be duplicated by other computers. Sherry Turkle writes that the "real ambition is of mythic proportions, making a general purpose intelligence, a mind." (Turkle, 1984, p. 240) The authors of a major text announce that "the ultimate goal of AI research is to build a person or, more humbly, an animal." (Charniak & McDermott, 1985, p. 7)Research in this field, like strong psychological AI, takes seriously the functionalist view that mentality can be realized in many different types of physical devices. Suprapsychological AI, however, accuses strong psychological AI of being chauvinisticof being only interested in human intelligence! Suprapsychological AI claims to be interested in all the conceivable ways intelligence can be realized. (Flanagan, 1991, pp. 241-242)16) Determination of Relevance of Rules in Particular ContextsEven if the [rules] were stored in a context-free form the computer still couldn't use them. To do that the computer requires rules enabling it to draw on just those [ rules] which are relevant in each particular context. Determination of relevance will have to be based on further facts and rules, but the question will again arise as to which facts and rules are relevant for making each particular determination. One could always invoke further facts and rules to answer this question, but of course these must be only the relevant ones. And so it goes. It seems that AI workers will never be able to get started here unless they can settle the problem of relevance beforehand by cataloguing types of context and listing just those facts which are relevant in each. (Dreyfus & Dreyfus, 1986, p. 80)Perhaps the single most important idea to artificial intelligence is that there is no fundamental difference between form and content, that meaning can be captured in a set of symbols such as a semantic net. (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)Artificial intelligence is based on the assumption that the mind can be described as some kind of formal system manipulating symbols that stand for things in the world. Thus it doesn't matter what the brain is made of, or what it uses for tokens in the great game of thinking. Using an equivalent set of tokens and rules, we can do thinking with a digital computer, just as we can play chess using cups, salt and pepper shakers, knives, forks, and spoons. Using the right software, one system (the mind) can be mapped into the other (the computer). (G. Johnson, 1986, p. 250)19) A Statement of the Primary and Secondary Purposes of Artificial IntelligenceThe primary goal of Artificial Intelligence is to make machines smarter.The secondary goals of Artificial Intelligence are to understand what intelligence is (the Nobel laureate purpose) and to make machines more useful (the entrepreneurial purpose). (Winston, 1987, p. 1)The theoretical ideas of older branches of engineering are captured in the language of mathematics. We contend that mathematical logic provides the basis for theory in AI. Although many computer scientists already count logic as fundamental to computer science in general, we put forward an even stronger form of the logic-is-important argument....AI deals mainly with the problem of representing and using declarative (as opposed to procedural) knowledge. Declarative knowledge is the kind that is expressed as sentences, and AI needs a language in which to state these sentences. Because the languages in which this knowledge usually is originally captured (natural languages such as English) are not suitable for computer representations, some other language with the appropriate properties must be used. It turns out, we think, that the appropriate properties include at least those that have been uppermost in the minds of logicians in their development of logical languages such as the predicate calculus. Thus, we think that any language for expressing knowledge in AI systems must be at least as expressive as the first-order predicate calculus. (Genesereth & Nilsson, 1987, p. viii)21) Perceptual Structures Can Be Represented as Lists of Elementary PropositionsIn artificial intelligence studies, perceptual structures are represented as assemblages of description lists, the elementary components of which are propositions asserting that certain relations hold among elements. (Chase & Simon, 1988, p. 490)Artificial intelligence (AI) is sometimes defined as the study of how to build and/or program computers to enable them to do the sorts of things that minds can do. Some of these things are commonly regarded as requiring intelligence: offering a medical diagnosis and/or prescription, giving legal or scientific advice, proving theorems in logic or mathematics. Others are not, because they can be done by all normal adults irrespective of educational background (and sometimes by non-human animals too), and typically involve no conscious control: seeing things in sunlight and shadows, finding a path through cluttered terrain, fitting pegs into holes, speaking one's own native tongue, and using one's common sense. Because it covers AI research dealing with both these classes of mental capacity, this definition is preferable to one describing AI as making computers do "things that would require intelligence if done by people." However, it presupposes that computers could do what minds can do, that they might really diagnose, advise, infer, and understand. One could avoid this problematic assumption (and also side-step questions about whether computers do things in the same way as we do) by defining AI instead as "the development of computers whose observable performance has features which in humans we would attribute to mental processes." This bland characterization would be acceptable to some AI workers, especially amongst those focusing on the production of technological tools for commercial purposes. But many others would favour a more controversial definition, seeing AI as the science of intelligence in general-or, more accurately, as the intellectual core of cognitive science. As such, its goal is to provide a systematic theory that can explain (and perhaps enable us to replicate) both the general categories of intentionality and the diverse psychological capacities grounded in them. (Boden, 1990b, pp. 1-2)Because the ability to store data somewhat corresponds to what we call memory in human beings, and because the ability to follow logical procedures somewhat corresponds to what we call reasoning in human beings, many members of the cult have concluded that what computers do somewhat corresponds to what we call thinking. It is no great difficulty to persuade the general public of that conclusion since computers process data very fast in small spaces well below the level of visibility; they do not look like other machines when they are at work. They seem to be running along as smoothly and silently as the brain does when it remembers and reasons and thinks. On the other hand, those who design and build computers know exactly how the machines are working down in the hidden depths of their semiconductors. Computers can be taken apart, scrutinized, and put back together. Their activities can be tracked, analyzed, measured, and thus clearly understood-which is far from possible with the brain. This gives rise to the tempting assumption on the part of the builders and designers that computers can tell us something about brains, indeed, that the computer can serve as a model of the mind, which then comes to be seen as some manner of information processing machine, and possibly not as good at the job as the machine. (Roszak, 1994, pp. xiv-xv)The inner workings of the human mind are far more intricate than the most complicated systems of modern technology. Researchers in the field of artificial intelligence have been attempting to develop programs that will enable computers to display intelligent behavior. Although this field has been an active one for more than thirty-five years and has had many notable successes, AI researchers still do not know how to create a program that matches human intelligence. No existing program can recall facts, solve problems, reason, learn, and process language with human facility. This lack of success has occurred not because computers are inferior to human brains but rather because we do not yet know in sufficient detail how intelligence is organized in the brain. (Anderson, 1995, p. 2)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Artificial Intelligence
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17 propio
adj.1 own.2 one's own.3 very, same, self-same, selfsame.4 proper, right on.5 of one's own, of my own, of our own, of his own.* * *► adjetivo1 (de nuestra propiedad) own2 (indicado) proper, appropriate■ lo propio sería mandar una carta de agradecimiento the proper thing to do would be to send a thank-you letter3 (característico) typical* * *(f. - propia)adj.1) own2) typical3) self* * *1. ADJ1) [uso enfático]a) [con posesivos] ownb) (=mismo)la solicitud debe ser firmada por el propio interesado — the application must be signed by the applicant himself
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hacer lo propio — to do the same, follow suitse marchó sin decir nada y pretendía que nosotros hiciéramos lo propio — he left without a word and wanted us to do the same o follow suit
están subiendo los impuestos al propio tiempo que baja la inflación — they are raising taxes at the same time as inflation is going down
la novela es al propio tiempo romántica y dinámica — the novel is both romantic and fast-moving at the same time
c)• al propio — CAm on purpose
•
de propio — especially2) [indicando posesión] own¿tiene coche propio? — do you have your own car?
3) (=característico)•
propio de algo/algn — typical of sth/sbeste sol es más propio de un país mediterráneo — this sunshine is more typical of a Mediterranean country
ese gesto era muy propio de él — that gesture was very like him o very typical of him
4) (=inconfundible) all (of) its own5) (=adecuado) suitablerecibieron al rey con los honores que le son propios — they received the king with the honours which are his due o with all suitable honours
•
propio para algo — suitable for sthno es lugar propio para este tipo de comportamiento — this is not the place for that sort of behaviour
6) (=correcto) strict, true7) Esp* (=parecido)las manzanas están tan propias que dan ganas de comérselas — the apples look so real that you want to eat them
has salido muy propio en ese retrato — that portrait of you is a good likeness, that portrait looks really like you
8) esp Méx, CAm- con su permiso -propio — "excuse me" - "certainly"
2. SM1) (=mensajero) messenger2)• propios y extraños — all and sundry
* * *- pia adjetivo1)a) ( indicando posesión) own¿tu piso es propio o alquilado? — do you own your flat or is it rented?
b) (delante del n) ( uso enfático) ownlo vi con mis propios ojos — I saw it with my own two eyes o with my (very) own eyes
c) ( no postizo) reald) ( de uno mismo)2) (característico, típico)propio DE algo/alguien: esa actitud es muy propio de él that kind of attitude is very typical of him; costumbres propias de los países orientales — customs characteristic of oriental countries
3)propio PARA algo — (adecuado, idóneo) suitable for something
4) (delante del n) ( mismo)* * *- pia adjetivo1)a) ( indicando posesión) own¿tu piso es propio o alquilado? — do you own your flat or is it rented?
b) (delante del n) ( uso enfático) ownlo vi con mis propios ojos — I saw it with my own two eyes o with my (very) own eyes
c) ( no postizo) reald) ( de uno mismo)2) (característico, típico)propio DE algo/alguien: esa actitud es muy propio de él that kind of attitude is very typical of him; costumbres propias de los países orientales — customs characteristic of oriental countries
3)propio PARA algo — (adecuado, idóneo) suitable for something
4) (delante del n) ( mismo)* * *propio11 = home-grown [home grown/homegrown], of its own, own, of + Posesivo + own, self, distinctive.Nota: Que destaca por algún motivo.Ex: Most media centers have not used AACR in the past but have followed their own home-grown rules.
Ex: The document has no title of its own.Ex: The command function 'OWN' serves to use a system's own command when the general system, in this case EURONET, does not cater for a specialised function available on a particular system.Ex: There is also a scheme afoot to help services create specialized data bases of their own using ECLAS norms.Ex: In the public library grand tradition this was patently the self image of the educated middle class.Ex: In addition to main or added entries under titles added entries are often also made in respect of distinctive series titles.* a cuenta propia = at + Posesivo + expense, at + Posesivo + own expense.* al propio ritmo de Uno = in + Posesivo + own time, at + Posesivo + own pace.* amor propio = self-esteem [self esteem], pride.* ante + Posesivo + propios ojos = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes, before + Posesivo + very eyes.* aprender a su propio ritmo = learn at + Posesivo + own pace.* asuntos propios = personal business.* a su propio ritmo = at an individual pace.* bar que elabora su propia cerveza = brew pub.* característica propia = trademark.* cavarse su propia tumba = another nail in + Posesivo + coffin.* con financiación propia = self-funded.* con sus propias palabras = in + Posesivo + own words.* contar + Posesivo + propia vida y milagros = spill + Posesivo + guts.* decidir por cuenta propia = take it upon + Reflexivo + to.* de cosecha propia = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].* defensa propia = self-defence [self-defense, -USA].* delante de + Posesivo + propios ojos = before + Posesivo + (own two) eyes, before + Posesivo + very eyes.* de la propia comunidad = community-owned.* de la propia empresa = company-owned.* demasiado + Adjetivo + para su propio bien = too + Adjetivo + for + Posesivo + own good.* de + Posesivo + propia boca = straight from the horse's mouth.* de propia cosecha = home-grown [home grown/homegrown].* dinero propio = private means.* en beneficio propio = to + Posesivo + advantage.* encontrar su propio modo de actuar = find + Posesivo + own way.* en el propio campus universitario = campus-based.* en el propio cortijo = on-farm.* en la propia finca = on-farm.* en la propia granja = on-farm.* en la propia habitación = ensuite.* en las propias palabras de uno mismo = in + Posesivo + own words.* en + Posesivo + propio beneficio = to + Posesivo + advantage.* hacer Algo por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = make + Posesivo + own arrangements.* hecho por la propia biblioteca = in-house [inhouse].* hundirse por su propio peso = sink under + its own weight.* material editado por el propio autor = self-published material.* montar + Posesivo + propio negocio = set + Reflexivo + up in business.* muy propio = highly distinctive.* nombre propio = forename, proper name.* organizar Algo por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = make + Posesivo + own arrangements.* pagarse + Posesivo + propios gastos = pay + Posesivo + own way.* para + Posesivo + propio bien = for + Posesivo + own good.* patrocinado por la propia empresa = company-sponsored.* persona de la propia empresa = insider.* por cuenta propia = at + Posesivo + own expense.* por decisión propia = by choice.* por elección propia = by choice.* por + Posesivo + propia cuenta = at + Posesivo + own expense.* por + Posesivo + (propia) naturaleza = in + Posesivo + nature.* por propia iniciativa = self-directed.* por su propia voluntad = of its own accord.* promovido por el propio sistema de información = information-led.* propio de = germane to.* propio de espías = cloak-and-dagger.* propio del sistema = built-in.* propio de niña = girlish.* propio de niño = boyish.* propio de un caballero = gentlemanlike.* propio estilo = house style.* propios ingresos = earned income.* que busca el beneficio propio = self-serving.* recogida en su propia puerta = kerbside collection, curbside collection.* restablecer + Posesivo + propia identidad = re-establish + Posesivo + own identity.* revista editada por la propia institución = house journal.* según sus propias condiciones = on + Posesivo + own terms.* según sus propias palabras = in + Posesivo + own terms.* sentido muy desarrollado de su propio territorio = territoriality.* ser la propia responsabilidad de Alguien = be of + Posesivo + own making.* ser propio de = be proper of.* tirar piedras contra tu propio tejado = cut + the branch + you sit on, cut off + Posesivo + nose to spite + Posesivo + face.* tirarse piedras contra el propio tejado = shoot + Reflexivo + in the foot.* todas las iniciales del nombre propio = full initials.* tomarse + Expresión Temporal + de asuntos propios = take + Expresión Temporal + off, have + Expresión Temporal + off work.* tomarse unos días de asuntos propios = take + time off work.* trabajar al propio ritmo de Uno = work at + Posesivo + own pace.* tragarse el amor propio = swallow + Posesivo + pride.* uso público en la propia biblioteca = in-library use.* vencer a Alguien en su propio terreno = beat + Nombre + at + Posesivo + own game.propio22 = proper, beffiting.Ex: With proper authorization, you may request information about the status of the copies displayed.
Ex: Since I write in English I should really refer to the city as Florence, but Firenze is such a phonically beautiful sounding word, far more befitting of the beautiful Italian city.* * *A1 (indicando posesión) ownse necesita viajante con vehículo propio salesman with own car requiredtienen piscina propia they have their own swimming pool2 ( delante del n) (uso enfático) owntengo mis propios problemas I've got problems of my own, I've got my own problemssalió de la clínica por su propio pie she walked out of the clinic, she left the clinic under her own steamlo vi con mis propios ojos I saw it with my own two eyes o with my (very) own eyes3(verdadero, no artificial): la barba parece propia his beard looks realno es permanente, los rizos son propios it's not a perm, her hair is naturally curlyB (característico, típico) propio DE algo/algn:es una enfermedad propia de la edad it's a common illness in older people o among the elderlyese desdén es muy propio de él that kind of disdainful attitude is very typical of himson costumbres propias de los países orientales these are characteristic customs of oriental countriessu comportamiento es propio de un loco he behaves like a madman, his behavior is fitting of o befits a madman ( liter)C propio PARA algo (adecuado, idóneo) suitable FOR sthes un vestido muy propio para la ocasión it's a very suitable dress for the occasion, the dress is just right for the occasioneste no es lugar propio para una conversación seria this is not a suitable o an appropriate o the right place for a serious conversationD1 ( delante del n)(mismo): fue el propio presidente it was the president himselfdebe ser el propio interesado quien lo pida it must be the person concerned who makes the requestel propio Juan se llevó una sorpresa even Juan himself got a surprise2lo propio the sameel presidente abandonó la sala y minutos después hizo lo propio el vicepresidente the president left the room and minutes later the vice president did the same( Esp)messengerpropios y extraños all and sundry* * *
propio◊ - pia adjetivo
1
◊ ¿es propio o alquilado? is it your own or is it rented?;
tienen piscina propia they have their own swimming pool
todo lo hace en beneficio propio everything he does is for his own gain;
lo vi con mis propios ojos I saw it with my own two eyes o with my (very) own eyes
2 (característico, típico):
una enfermedad propia de la vejez an illness common among old people;
no es un comportamiento propio de una señorita it's not ladylike behaviour
3 ( delante del n) ( mismo):
debe ser el propio interesado quien lo pida it must be the person concerned who makes the request
propio,-a adjetivo
1 (posesión) own: tiene su propio apartamento, he has his own apartment
2 (adecuado) suitable, appropriate: ese vestido no es propio para la fiesta, that dress is not suitable for the party
3 (característico) typical, peculiar
el clima propio de la región, the typical weather for the area
4 (intensificador) (hombre) himself
(mujer) herself
(animal, cosa) itself: se lo dijo el propio presidente, the President himself told her so
' propio' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bolsillo
- cacarear
- chalet
- comodidad
- femenina
- femenino
- gustar
- infantil
- masculina
- masculino
- monte
- peculiar
- propia
- provecho
- vileza
- amor
- campo
- correspondiente
- fray
- hispanismo
- interés
- pie
- santo
- tiempo
English:
benefit
- brain
- epitaph
- grind
- higher-up
- homegrown
- interest
- ladylike
- nourish
- ostracize
- own
- private
- proper noun
- right
- self-esteem
- self-respect
- sisterly
- specific
- transport
- very
- disown
- drive-in
- ego
- for
- proper
- purpose
- sake
- self
* * *propio, -a♦ adj1. [en propiedad] own;tiene coche propio she has a car of her own, she has her own car;se requiere vehículo propio [en anuncio laboral] own car requiredme lo dijo en mi propia cara he said it to my face;actuó en defensa propia she acted in self-defence;por tu propio bien for your own goodel monzón es propio de esta época the monsoon is characteristic of this season;es muy propio de él llegar tarde it's absolutely typical of him to arrive late;no es propio de él it's not like him4. [adecuado] suitable, right ( para for);recitó un poema propio para la ocasión she recited a suitable poem for the occasion5. [correcto] proper, true6. [en persona] himself, f herself;el propio compositor the composer himself7. [semejante] true to life;en ese retrato quedaste muy propio that portrait is a very good likeness of you8. Gram proper9.lo propio [lo mismo] the same;Elena se retiró a descansar y su compañero hizo lo propio Elena went to have a rest and her companion did the same♦ nmpla propios y extraños all and sundry;con su victoria sorprendió a propios y extraños his victory surprised everyone♦ de propio loc adv[expresamente]fui de propio a la ciudad para verla I went to the city just to see her* * *adjhacer lo propio do the right o appropriate thing4:la propia directora the director herself* * *1) : ownsu propia casa: his own housesus recursos propios: their own resources2) apropiado: appropriate, suitable3) característico: characteristic, typical4) mismo: oneselfel propio director: the director himself* * *propio adj1. (que pertenece) own2. (mismo) himself / herself3. (característico) normal -
18 laiki
------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -laiki[English Word] be fitting[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] -laiki[English Word] be proper[Part of Speech] verb------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] laiki[English Word] appropriate (usually in reference to actions or behavior)[Part of Speech] adjective[Swahili Example] Mtukufu wa mizungu, laiki wa kila sifa [Shaaban Robert, Masomo 426][English Example] The Honored One of wonders, appropriate for every praise.------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] laiki[English Word] suitable (usually in reference to actions or behavior)[Part of Speech] adjective------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] laiki[Swahili Plural] laiki[English Word] what is becoming[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------[Swahili Word] laiki[Swahili Plural] laiki[English Word] what is fitting[Part of Speech] noun[Class] 9/10------------------------------------------------------------ -
19 contraindicado
adj.inadvisable.past part.past participle of spanish verb: contraindicar.* * *- da adjetivo <remedio/preparado> contraindicated (tech)* * *= ill-adapted.Ex. She was emotionally and socially ill-adapted, manipulated by a mother crippled by the conventions of appropriate female behavior.----* estar contraindicado = be contraindicated.* * *- da adjetivo <remedio/preparado> contraindicated (tech)* * *= ill-adapted.Ex: She was emotionally and socially ill-adapted, manipulated by a mother crippled by the conventions of appropriate female behavior.
* estar contraindicado = be contraindicated.* * *contraindicado -da‹remedio/preparado› contraindicated ( tech)esta medicina está contraindicada en aquellos pacientes hipersensibles a la penicilina this medicine should not be taken by anyone allergic to penicillin* * *
Del verbo contraindicar: ( conjugate contraindicar)
contraindicado es:
el participio
contraindicado◊ -da adjetivo ‹remedio/preparado› contraindicated (tech)
* * *contraindicado, -a adjeste medicamento está contraindicado en pacientes diabéticos this medicine should not be taken by diabetic patients* * *adj MED contraindicated* * *contraindicado, -da adj: contraindicated♦ contraindicación nf -
20 controlar
v.1 to control.Pedro controla su vida al fin Peter controls his life at last.María controla a sus hijos con lástima Mary controls her kids through pity.2 to check.3 to watch, to keep an eye on.4 to take over, to control.María controla los negocios Mary takes over business.* * *1 (gen) to control2 (comprobar) to check1 (moderarse) to control oneself* * *verb1) to control2) monitor* * *1. VT1) (=dominar) [+ situación, emoción, balón, vehículo, inflación] to controllos rebeldes controlan ya todo el país — the rebels now control the whole country, the rebels are now in control of the whole country
los bomberos consiguieron controlar el fuego — the firefighters managed to bring the fire under control
no controlo muy bien ese tema — * I'm not very hot on that subject *
2) (=vigilar)contrólame al niño mientras yo estoy fuera — * can you keep an eye on the child while I'm out
estoy encargado de controlar que todo salga bien — I'm responsible for checking o seeing that everything goes well
controla que no hierva el café — * make sure the coffee doesn't boil, see that the coffee doesn't boil
3) (=regular) to control2.VI *3.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( dominar) <nervios/impulsos/persona> to control2) ( vigilar) <inflación/proceso> to monitorcontrolar el peso/la línea — to watch one's weight/one's waistline
3) ( regular) <presión/inflación> to control2.controlarse v pron1) ( dominarse) to control oneselfsi no se controla acabará alcoholizado — if he doesn't get a grip on himself he's going to become an alcoholic
2) ( vigilar) <peso/colesterol> to check, monitor* * *= control, get + command of, govern, keep + a rein on, keep within + bounds, monitor, regulate, peg, police, master, command, scourge, keep down + Nombre, stem + the tide of, bring under + control, hold in + line, gain + control (over/of), get + a grip on, hold + the reins of, corral, check up on, keep + tabs on, wield + control, hold + sway (over), wiretap [wire-tap], hold + the line, keep + a tight hold on, take + control of, stay on top of, stay in + control, rein in, hold + Nombre + in.Ex. These fields control the access to the main record and are all fixed length fields.Ex. The great storyteller, FC Sayers, having advised the beginner to 'steep himself in folklore until the elemental themes are part of himself,' explains how best to get command of a tale.Ex. It is not sufficient merely to describe the processes that govern the creation and generation of indexing and abstracting data.Ex. Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.Ex. Costs can be kept within reasonable bounds if a method appropriate to the specific application is chosen.Ex. Ideally it should be possible to include some form of student assessment or to monitor the student's progress.Ex. Built into each operator are sets of instructions to the computer which regulate where the term must appear in the printed entries generated from the string, typefaces, and necessary punctuation.Ex. After a couple of months, I had his overall behavior pretty well pegged.Ex. For many centuries local authorities have been responsible for policing Weights and Measures Acts and regulations and, where a breach of legislation was uncovered, would prosecute in the criminal court.Ex. The library director strove to master his frustration.Ex. Very few engravers commanded the necessary artistry.Ex. The reference librarian must always resist an impulse to be glib; he must scourge and throttle his vanity; he must reach a conclusion rather than begin with it.Ex. Activities such as gardening or cookery are dealt with in many books in ways which go far beyond the simple keeping down of weeds or just filling empty stomachs.Ex. This article discusses some strategies that are being developed to stem the tide of losses caused worldwide by piracy.Ex. But the unions were able to add their weight to the authority of the parliamentary investigators in bringing the worst excesses of unregulated apprenticeship and of working conditions under control = No obstante, los sindicatos pudieron reforzar la autoridad de los investigadores parlamentarios para controlar los peores excesos que se cometían en el aprendizaje de un oficio y las condiciones laborales sin regularizar.Ex. The library staff consists of 6 professional librarians and 11 clerical workers, all of whom are held firmly in line by the forceful personality of the director, a retired military colonel.Ex. Gradually many of these conquerors came to realize that, although military might was necessary to gain control over an area, sheer force of arms was not sufficient to govern effectively.Ex. The article ' Getting a grip on change' argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.Ex. This trend may also be explained by the hegemony of those who hold the reins of international publication.Ex. The article is entitled 'Microfilm retrieval system corrals paper flood for Ameritech publishing'.Ex. The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.Ex. The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.Ex. Influence and control is currently wielded by sterile professionals who are blind to the need to develop services beyond print.Ex. This ideology appealed widely to the librarian as well as the library user and held sway for nearly a quarter of a millennium when, in 1841, a catalytic event in the history of cataloging took place.Ex. The implementation of this system would enable law enforcement agencies to wiretap all digital communication.Ex. The standpatters argue, and the progressives agree, that the tax line must be held in the interest of attracting industry = Los conservadores proponen y los progresistas están de acuerdo en que se deben contener los impuestos para atraer a la industria.Ex. A study of telly-addicts has found that in 45 per cent of homes mums keep a tight hold on the remote control.Ex. Five years after they took control of war-ravaged Afghanistan, reconstruction remains a job half done.Ex. Adapting to change -- and staying on top of the changes -- is a huge key to success in industry.Ex. This section of the book is all about how to stay in control of your personal information.Ex. If librarians hope to rein in escalating periodical prices, they must become more assertive consumers.Ex. The longer a fart is held in, the larger the proportion of inert nitrogen it contains, because the other gases tend to be absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the intestine.----* controlar aún más = tighten + Posesivo + grip on.* controlar el presupuesto = control + the purse strings.* controlar la economía = control + the purse strings.* controlar las finanzas = control + the purse strings.* controlar la situación = tame + the beast.* controlar los gastos = control + costs, contain + costs.* controlarlo todo = have + a finger in every pie.* controlarse = command + Reflexivo, pace.* * *1.verbo transitivo1) ( dominar) <nervios/impulsos/persona> to control2) ( vigilar) <inflación/proceso> to monitorcontrolar el peso/la línea — to watch one's weight/one's waistline
3) ( regular) <presión/inflación> to control2.controlarse v pron1) ( dominarse) to control oneselfsi no se controla acabará alcoholizado — if he doesn't get a grip on himself he's going to become an alcoholic
2) ( vigilar) <peso/colesterol> to check, monitor* * *= control, get + command of, govern, keep + a rein on, keep within + bounds, monitor, regulate, peg, police, master, command, scourge, keep down + Nombre, stem + the tide of, bring under + control, hold in + line, gain + control (over/of), get + a grip on, hold + the reins of, corral, check up on, keep + tabs on, wield + control, hold + sway (over), wiretap [wire-tap], hold + the line, keep + a tight hold on, take + control of, stay on top of, stay in + control, rein in, hold + Nombre + in.Ex: These fields control the access to the main record and are all fixed length fields.
Ex: The great storyteller, FC Sayers, having advised the beginner to 'steep himself in folklore until the elemental themes are part of himself,' explains how best to get command of a tale.Ex: It is not sufficient merely to describe the processes that govern the creation and generation of indexing and abstracting data.Ex: Cases keep discussion grounded on certain persistent facts that must be faced, and keep a realistic rein on airy flights of academic speculation.Ex: Costs can be kept within reasonable bounds if a method appropriate to the specific application is chosen.Ex: Ideally it should be possible to include some form of student assessment or to monitor the student's progress.Ex: Built into each operator are sets of instructions to the computer which regulate where the term must appear in the printed entries generated from the string, typefaces, and necessary punctuation.Ex: After a couple of months, I had his overall behavior pretty well pegged.Ex: For many centuries local authorities have been responsible for policing Weights and Measures Acts and regulations and, where a breach of legislation was uncovered, would prosecute in the criminal court.Ex: The library director strove to master his frustration.Ex: Very few engravers commanded the necessary artistry.Ex: The reference librarian must always resist an impulse to be glib; he must scourge and throttle his vanity; he must reach a conclusion rather than begin with it.Ex: Activities such as gardening or cookery are dealt with in many books in ways which go far beyond the simple keeping down of weeds or just filling empty stomachs.Ex: This article discusses some strategies that are being developed to stem the tide of losses caused worldwide by piracy.Ex: But the unions were able to add their weight to the authority of the parliamentary investigators in bringing the worst excesses of unregulated apprenticeship and of working conditions under control = No obstante, los sindicatos pudieron reforzar la autoridad de los investigadores parlamentarios para controlar los peores excesos que se cometían en el aprendizaje de un oficio y las condiciones laborales sin regularizar.Ex: The library staff consists of 6 professional librarians and 11 clerical workers, all of whom are held firmly in line by the forceful personality of the director, a retired military colonel.Ex: Gradually many of these conquerors came to realize that, although military might was necessary to gain control over an area, sheer force of arms was not sufficient to govern effectively.Ex: The article ' Getting a grip on change' argues that only by confronting the challenges and inevitability of change can libraries retain their relevancy in the information age.Ex: This trend may also be explained by the hegemony of those who hold the reins of international publication.Ex: The article is entitled 'Microfilm retrieval system corrals paper flood for Ameritech publishing'.Ex: The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.Ex: The physical effort of keeping tabs on people as well as the distasteful practice of checking up on staff output achieves nothing and may do considerable damage.Ex: Influence and control is currently wielded by sterile professionals who are blind to the need to develop services beyond print.Ex: This ideology appealed widely to the librarian as well as the library user and held sway for nearly a quarter of a millennium when, in 1841, a catalytic event in the history of cataloging took place.Ex: The implementation of this system would enable law enforcement agencies to wiretap all digital communication.Ex: The standpatters argue, and the progressives agree, that the tax line must be held in the interest of attracting industry = Los conservadores proponen y los progresistas están de acuerdo en que se deben contener los impuestos para atraer a la industria.Ex: A study of telly-addicts has found that in 45 per cent of homes mums keep a tight hold on the remote control.Ex: Five years after they took control of war-ravaged Afghanistan, reconstruction remains a job half done.Ex: Adapting to change -- and staying on top of the changes -- is a huge key to success in industry.Ex: This section of the book is all about how to stay in control of your personal information.Ex: If librarians hope to rein in escalating periodical prices, they must become more assertive consumers.Ex: The longer a fart is held in, the larger the proportion of inert nitrogen it contains, because the other gases tend to be absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the intestine.* controlar aún más = tighten + Posesivo + grip on.* controlar el presupuesto = control + the purse strings.* controlar la economía = control + the purse strings.* controlar las finanzas = control + the purse strings.* controlar la situación = tame + the beast.* controlar los gastos = control + costs, contain + costs.* controlarlo todo = have + a finger in every pie.* controlarse = command + Reflexivo, pace.* * *controlar [A1 ]vt1 ‹nervios/impulsos/emociones› to control; ‹persona/animal› to controlcontrolamos la situación we are in control of the situation, we have the situation under controlel incendio fue rápidamente controlado por los bomberos the firemen quickly got o brought the fire under controlcontrolan ahora toda la zona they now control o they are now in control of the whole areapasaron a controlar la empresa they took control of the company2 ( fam); ‹tema› to know aboutestos temas no los controlo I don't know anything about these things, I'm not too well up on o hot on these things ( colloq)Bdeja de controlar todos mis gastos stop checking up on how much I spend the whole timeme tienen muy controlada they keep a close watch o they keep tabs on everything I do, they keep me on a very tight reinel portero controlaba las entradas y salidas the porter kept a check on everyone who came in or outcontrolé el tiempo que me llevó I timed myself o how long it took meC (regular) to controleste mecanismo controla la presión this mechanism regulates o controls the pressuremedidas para controlar la inflación measures to control inflation o to bring inflation under controlD ( Dep) (en doping) to administer a test tofue controlado positivo tras su victoria he tested positive after his victorylo controlaron negativo he was tested negativeA (dominarse) to control oneselfsi no se controla acabará alcoholizado if he doesn't get a grip o a hold on himself he's going to become an alcoholicse controla el peso regularmente she checks her weight regularly, she keeps a regular check on her weight* * *
Multiple Entries:
controlar
controlar algo
controlar ( conjugate controlar) verbo transitivo
1 ‹nervios/impulsos/persona› to control;
‹ incendio› to bring … under control;
pasaron a controlar la empresa they took control of the company
2 ‹inflación/proceso› to monitor;
‹ persona› to keep a check on;◊ controlar el peso/la línea to watch one's weight/one's waistline;
controlé el tiempo que me llevó I timed how long it took me
3 ( regular) ‹presión/inflación› to control
controlarse verbo pronominal ( dominarse) to control oneself;
( vigilar) ‹peso/colesterol› to check, monitor
controlar verbo transitivo
1 to control
2 (comprobar) to check
' controlar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
dominar
- fraude
- manejar
- potingue
- sujetar
- contener
English:
control
- grip
- hold down
- manage
- monitor
- regiment
- spot-check
- stamp out
- check
- discipline
- help
- unruly
* * *♦ vt1. [dominar] to control;controlar la situación to be in control of the situation;la empresa controla el 30 por ciento del mercado the company controls 30 percent of the market;los bomberos todavía no han conseguido controlar el incendio firefighters have still not managed to bring the fire under control;medidas para controlar los precios measures to control prices2. [comprobar, verificar] to check;controla el nivel del aceite check the oil level;controlan continuamente su tensión arterial they are continuously monitoring his blood pressure3. [vigilar] to watch, to keep an eye on;la policía controla todos sus movimientos the police watch his every move;nos controlan la hora de llegada they keep a check on when we arrive;♦ viFam [saber] to know;Rosa controla un montón de química Rosa knows loads about chemistry* * *v/t1 control2 ( vigilar) check* * *controlar vt1) : to control2) : to monitor, to check* * *controlar vb2. (comprobar) to check
См. также в других словарях:
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