apex

ăpex, ĭcis, m. [etym. acc. to Serv. ad Verg. A. 10, 270, and Paul. ex Fest. p. 18 Müll., from apo, to join to, whence aptus; cf. Van. Etym. p. 33], the extreme end of a thing, the point, summit, top (syn.: cacumen, summa, fastigium, culmen, vertex); hence,

Lit., the small rod at the top of the flamen's cap, wound round with wool, Serv. ad Verg. A. 2, 683; 10, 270.—Hence,

Transf.

(As pars pro toto.) The conical cap of the flamen, ornamented with this rod:

QVEI. APICEM. INSIGNE. DIALIS. FLAMINIS. GESISTEI, Epitaph. Scip. Grotef. 2, 299: apicem dialem,

Liv. 6, 41:

apex e capite prolapsus,

Val. Max. 1, 1, n. 4.—Hence, of the priesthood itself: homo honestus non apice insignis, Sen. ap. Lact. 17, 6.—

Any hat or helmet, a crown:

ab aquilā Tarquinio apicem impositum putent,

Cic. Leg. 1, 1:

regum apices,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 20:

ardet apex capiti,

Verg. A. 10, 270; 2, 683.—Of birds, the crest, Plin. 11, 37, 44, § 121.—

A projecting point or summit.

Lit., of trees:

lauri,

Verg. A. 7, 66.—Of a headland:

sublimis,

Juv. 12, 72:

montis apex,

Sil. 12, 709; so Vulg. Judith, 7, 3.—Of the point of a sickle, Col. 4, 25, 1.—Of the summit of a flame, Ov. M. 10, 279 et saep.—

Trop., the highest ornament or honor, the crown of a thing:

apex est senectutis auctoritas,

Cic. Sen. 17, 60:

hinc apicem Fortuna sustulit, hic posuisse gaudet,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 14.—

1.. In gram., the long mark over a vowel, Quint. 1, 7, 2; 1, 4, 10; 1, 5, 23;

Victor. p. 2469 P.—Hence, trop.: nullum apicem quaestionis praetermittere,

Arn. 3 init. —

The forms or outlines of the letters:

litterarum apices,

Gell. 13, 30, 10; 17, 9, 12.—Hence (per synecdochen),

A letter or any other writing:

apicum oblator,

Sid. Ep. 6, 8:

Augusti apices,

i. e. rescripts, Cod. Just. 2, 8, 6 fin. —

Of the point or apex of a Hebrew letter, put fig. for the least particle, tittle (eccl. Lat.; Gr. hê keraia):

iota unum aut unus apex non praeteribit a lege,

Vulg. Matt. 5, 18; ib. Luc. 16, 17.

* * *

ăpo (or ăpio, Isid. Orig. 19, 30), ĕre, v. a. [cf.: haptô, apiscor, apex].

A.. To fasten, attach, join, bind, tie to (syn.: ligo, adligo, jungo, conjungo, recto): comprehendere antiqui vinculo apere dicebant, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. apex, p. 18 Müll.; cf. apex; used only in part. perf. pass. aptus (the P. a. v. infra):

uteri terrae radicibus apti,

fastened to the earth, Lucr. 5, 808 (Lachm., terram and apti = adepti):

bracchia validis ex apta lacertis,

united with the strong shoulders, id. 4, 829:

gladium e lacunari setā equinā aptum demitti jussit,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 21, 62:

linguam vinclis de pectore imo aptis moveri,

Gell. 1, 15.—

Trop.: ex aliquā re (like pendere ex aliquā re), depending upon, arising from (so only in Cic.):

rerum causae aliae ex aliis aptae et necessitate nexae,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 25, 70:

honestum, ex quo aptum est officium,

id. Off. 1, 18, 60; id. Fin. 2, 14, 47:

ex quā re (sc. virtute) una vita omnis apta sit,

id. Ac. 2, 10, 31:

causa ex aeternis causis apta,

id. Fat. 15, 34:

cui viro ex se apta sunt omnia, etc.,

id. Tusc. 5, 12, 36 (as transl. of Plat. Menex. p. 302: Hotôi gar andri eis heauton anêrtêtai panta, etc.); cf. id. Fam. 5, 13.—Once also with pendere:

non ex verbis aptum pendere jus,

Cic. Caecin. 18.—Also without ex:

vitā modicā et aptā virtute perfrui,

Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 56:

rudentibus apta fortuna,

id. Tusc. 5, 14, [p. 138] 40.—

A.. Joined, bound, or tied together, connected:

aptum conexum et colligatum significat,

Non. p. 234, 32 (so most freq. in Lucr.):

conjugio corporis atque animae consistimus uniter apti,

Lucr. 3, 846; 5, 555; 5, 558:

genus... validis aptum per viscera nervis,

bound together by the strong band of the sinews, id. 5, 928:

quae memorare queam inter se singlariter apta,

id. 6, 1067 al.:

facilius est apta dissolvere quam dissipata conectere,

Cic. Or. 71, 235:

quā ex conjunctione caelum ita aptum est, ut, etc.,

id. Tim. 5:

qui tam certos caeli motus, tamque omnia inter se conexa et apta viderit,

id. N. D. 2, 38, 97; Gell. 6, 2. —

Trop.:

omnia inter se apta et conexa,

Cic. Fin. 4, 19, 53:

apta inter se et cohaerentia,

id. N. D 3, 1, 4:

efficiatur aptum illud, quod fuerit antea diffiuens ac solutum,

id. Or. 70, 233.— Poet., with abl., endowed, furnished, or ornamented with something: fides alma, apta pinnis, furnished with wings, winged, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 3, 29, 105:

stellis fulgentibus apta caeli domus,

the abode of heaven studded with glittering stars, Lucr. 6, 357 (cf. id. 5, 1205: stellis micantibus aethera fixum);

imitated by Verg.: caelum stellis fulgentibus aptum,

Verg. A. 11, 202, and:

axis stellis ardentibus aptus,

id. ib. 4, 482:

veste signis ingentibus aptā,

Lucr. 5, 1428:

magis apta figura,

id. 2, 814: lucus opacus teneris fruticibus aptus, Varr. ap. Non. p. 235, 9:

Tyrio prodeat apta sinu,

Tib. 1, 9, 70.—Hence,

aptus, a, um, P. a., pr., fitted to something; hence, suited, suitable, proper, apposite, fit, appropriate, adapted, conformable to (cf. accommodatus and appositus, 2.).

In gen.: aptus is, qui convenienter alicui junctus est, Paul. ex Fest. s. v. apex, p. 18 Müll. (so most freq. after the Cic. per.); constr. with ad or dat.; of persons always with dat.

With ad:

ossa habent commissuras ad stabilitatem aptas,

Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 139:

in pulmonibus inest raritas quaedam ad hauriendum spiritum aptissima,

id. ib. 2, 55, 136:

locus ad insidias aptior,

id. Mil. 20:

calcei habiles et apti ad pedem,

id. de Or. 1, 54, 231:

castra ad bellum ducendum aptissima,

Caes. B. C. 2, 37; so Vulg. 1 Par. 7, 40; ib. 2 Par. 26, 13:

aptum ad proelium,

ib. 1 Reg. 14, 52:

fornices in muro erant apti ad excurrendum,

Liv. 36, 23, 3 al. —

With dat.:

non omnia rebus sunt omnibus apta,

Lucr. 6, 961:

aliis alias animantibus aptas Res,

id. 6, 773:

initia apta et accommodata naturae,

Cic. Fin. 4, 17, 46:

quod verum, simplex sincerumque sit, id esse naturae hominis aptissimum,

id. Off. 1, 4, 13:

haec genera dicendi aptiora sunt adulescentibus,

id. Brut. 95, 223; so id. ib. 62, 326; id. Tusc. 1, 36, 87; id. Or. 22, 1 al.:

quod aetati tuae esset aptissimum,

id. Off. 1, 2, 4; so Nep. Att. 16, 1:

apta dies sacrificio,

Liv. 1, 45:

venti aptiores Romanae quam suae classi,

id. 25, 37 al.:

notavi portus puppibus aptos,

Ov. M. 3, 596; 4, 160:

armis apta magis tellus,

Prop. 4, 22, 19:

aptum equis Argos,

Hor. C. 1, 7, 9:

apta vinculo conjugali,

Vulg. Ruth, 1, 12; ib. Luc. 9, 62:

aptus amicis,

Hor. S. 2, 5, 43 et saep.— Other constrr.:

With in (cf. Rudd. II. p. 96, n. 60):

in quod (genus pugnae) minime apti sunt,

Liv. 38, 21:

formas deus aptus in omnes,

apt for, easily changed into, Ov. M. 14, 765:

in ceteros apta usus,

Vulg. Deut. 20, 20:

vasa apta in interitum,

ib. Rom. 9, 22.—

With qui (cf. Zumpt, §

568): nulla videbatur aptior persona, quae de illā aetate loqueretur,

Cic. Am. 1, 4:

est mihi, quae lanas molliat, apta manus,

Ov. H. 3, 70.—

Poet., with inf:

(Circe) apta cantu veteres mutare figuras,

Tib. 4, 1, 63:

aetas mollis et apta regi,

Ov. A. A. 1, 10.— Esp. freq.,

Absol., Sall. H. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 235, 16:

amor,

Prop. 4, 22, 42:

saltus,

Ov. M. 2, 498:

ars,

Tib. 1, 7, 60:

apta oscula,

Tib. 1, 4, 54; Ov. H. 15, 132:

lar aptus,

an extensive, satisfying possession, Hor. C. 1, 12, 43.—So in prose:

aptus exercitus,

an army good in fight, ready for battle, Liv. 10, 25:

tempus aptum,

the right time, id. 35, 19; so Vulg. Eccli. 20, 6 al.—

Esp., in rhet., of the fitness, appropriateness of discourse:

quid aptum sit, hoc est quid maxime decens in oratione,

Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 210; so apta oratio, which has the appropriate rhet. fulness and periodic rounding: numerosa et apta oratio, id. Or. 50, 168; cf. id. ib. 50, 70; so id. Brut. 17, 68:

Thucydides verbis aptus et pressus,

exact and brief in expression, id. de Or. 2, 13, 56.—Hence, aptē, adv., closely, fitly, suitably, nicely, rightly.

Lit.

Absol.:

atque ita apte cohaeret (mundi corpus), ut etc.,

Cic. Tim. 5: altera est nexa cum superiore et inde apteque pendens, id. ap. Non. p. 235, 18:

capiti apte reponere,

Liv. 1, 34, 8.—

With ad:

apte convenire ad pedem,

Cic. Fin. 3, 14, 46.— Sup.,

With inter:

ut inter se quam aptissime cohaereant extrema (verba) cum primis etc.,

Cic. Or. 44, 149.—

Trop., fitly, suitably, properly, duly, rightly.

Absol.:

facile judicabimus, quid eorum apte fiat,

Cic. Off. 1, 41, 146:

quod est oratoris proprium, apte, distincte, ornate dicere,

id. ib. 1, 1, 2:

apte et quiete ferre,

id. ib. 4, 17, 38:

non equite apte locato,

Liv. 4, 37, 8:

Qui doceant, apte quid tibi possit emi,

Ov. Am. 1, 8, 88:

nec aliter imperium apte regi potest,

Curt. 8, 8, 13:

floribus compositis apte et utiliter,

Plin. 11, 16, 16, § 46. — Comp.:

qualia aptius suis referentur locis,

Plin. 2, 62, 62, § 153:

Aptius haec puero, quam tibi, dona dabis,

Mart. 13, 26.—

With dat.:

si quid exierit numeris aptius,

Quint. 10, 12, 26.— Sup.:

seruntur Parilibus tamen aptissime,

Plin. 19, 3, 24, § 69.—

With ad:

(ut) ad rerum dignitatem apte et quasi decore (loquamur),

Cic. de Or. 1, 32, 144:

spolia ducis hostium caesi suspensa fabricato ad id apte ferculo gerens,

Liv. 1, 10, 5.

* * *

* * *

* * *

altĭtūdo, dĭnis, f. [altus], height or depth (cf. alo, p. a. init.).

Height, altitude (syn.: altum, cacumen, culmen, vertex, apex).

Lit.:

altitudinem temperato,

Cato, R. R. 22, 23:

altitudo aedium,

Cic. Off. 3, 16:

montium,

id. Agr. 2, 19; Vulg. Isa. 37, 24:

in hac immensitate altitudinum,

Cic. N. D. 1, 20:

navis,

Caes. B. G. 4, 25:

muri,

Nep. Them. 6, 5:

moenium,

Tac. H. 3, 20; so absol.:

fore altitudines, quas cepissent hostes (sc. montium),

heights, Liv. 27, 18.—

Trop., height, loftiness:

elatio atque altitudo orationis,

Cic. Brut. 17:

fortunae et gloriae,

id. Rab. Post. 16:

animi,

greatness of soul, nobleness of mind, id. Fam. 4, 13, 7; so Liv. 4, 6 fin.; Gell. 17, 2 et saep.—

Depth (syn.: altum, profundum).

Lit.:

spelunca infinitā altitudine,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 48; so id. ib. 2, 5, 27; id. Div. 1, 43:

fluminis,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17:

maris,

id. ib. 4, 25:

terrae,

Vulg. Matt. 13, 5; ib. Marc. 4, 5:

plagae,

Cels. 7, 7, § 9.—

Trop., depth, extent (eccl. Lat.):

O altitudo divitiarum sapientiae et scientiae Dei,

Vulg. Rom. 11, 33.—Spec., depth of soul, secrecy, reserve, Gr bathutês: exercenda est facilitas et altitudo animi, quae dicitur, i. e. a serenity or calmness that conceals the real feelings, Cic. Off. 1, 25, 88.—In mal. part.:

ad simulanda negotia altitudo ingenii incredibilis,

Sall. J. 95, 3:

per illos dies egit altitudine animi,

Tac. A. 3, 44; id. H. 4, 86:

altitudines Satanae,

deep plots, Vulg. Apoc. 2, 24.

ărista, ae, f. [perh. for acrista and akin to ācer, q. v., or perh. to aro, q. v.; cf. Germ. Aehre; Engl. ear (of corn); Germ. Ernte, harvest; Engl. earnest, fruit, pledge].

The awn or beard of grain: arista, quae ut acus tenuis longa eminete glumā;

proinde ut granitheca sit gluma, et apex arista,

Varr. R. R. 1, 48; * Cic. Sen. 15, 51; Ov. H. 5, 111; id. Tr. 4, 1, 57.—

Meton. (pars pro toto).

The ear itself:

maturae aristae,

Ov. F. 5, 357:

pinguis arista,

Verg. G. 1, 8; 1, 111; id. A. 7, 720.—Also, an ear of spikenard, Ov. M. 15, 398.—Hence,

Poet., summer:

Post aliquot, mea regna videns, mirabor aristas,

after some harvests, Verg. E. 1, 70:

necdum decimas emensus aristas Aggrederis metuenda viris,

having measured ten summers, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 371 (cf. at the next grass, for next summer, an expression still common in the north of England; so, seven years old at the next grass, Sylvester's Dubartas; just fifteen, coming summer's grass, Swift).—

Poet. transf.,

Of the hair of men, Pers. 3, 115. —

Of the bones of fishes, Aus. Mos. 85; 119.—

Of plants in gen., Val. Fl. 6, 365.

cōnus, i, m., = kônos, a cone.

In gen., Lucr. 4, 430 and 432; Cic. N. D. 1, 10, 24; 2, 18, 47 al.—

Esp., of conical bodies,

The apex of a helmet, Verg. A. 3, 468; Ov. M. 3, 108; Plin. 10, 1, 1, § 2; cf. Isid. Orig. 18, 14, 2.—

The cone of the cypress, Col. 6, 7, 2.—

A kind of sundial, Vitr. 9, 8, 1.

Dĭālis, e, adj. [from Dis, in Diespiter = Juppiter].

Of or belonging to Jupiter: flamen, the priest of Jove (instituted by Numa, and the most distinguished of the flamines), Varr. L. L. 5, § 84; 6, § 16 Müll.; Fabius Pictor and Massurius Sabinus ap. Gell. 10, 15; Liv. 5, 52 fin.; Tac. A. 3, 58; Vell. 2, 43; Suet. Caes. 1; Ov. F. 2, 282 et saep.;

called also: Dialis sacerdos,

Suet. Dom. 4.— Subst.: Dialis, Fab. Pict. l. l.; Tac. A. l. l.; Ov. F. 3, 397: conjux sancta Dialis, his wife (who sometimes had a part in the sacrificial ceremonies), Ov. F. 6, 226 (cf. also, flaminica):

Diale flaminium,

his office, Suet. Aug. 31:

apex Dialis,

his priest's cap, Liv. 6, 41 fin. —With a punning derivation from dies: Solent esse flamines diales, modo consules diales habemus, consuls for [p. 569] a day, Cic. ap. Macr. S. 7, 3, p. 211 Bip.; cf. id. 2, 2, p. 335 Bip.—

Ethereal, aerial: viae, Ap. M. 6, p. 179, 18.

fastīgĭum, ii, n. [cf. Sanscr. bhrshtīs, corner, rim; Gr. a-phlaston, aplustria, the ornamented stern of a ship; O. H. Germ. brort, the prow], the top of a gable, a gable end, pediment (syn.: cacumen, culmen, vertex, apex).

Prop.:

Capitolii fastigium illud et ceterarum aedium non venustas, sed necessitas ipsa fabricata est... utilitatem templi fastigii dignitas consecuta est,

Cic. de Or. 3, 46, 180; cf.:

fastigia aliquot templorum a culminibus abrupta,

Liv. 40, 2, 3:

evado ad summi fastigia culminis,

Verg. A. 2, 458; Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, § 14.—Hence, meton., the roof of a house, Verg. A. 8, 491; 9, 568; Val. Fl. 2, 235:

habere pulvinar, simulacrum, fastigium, flaminem,

id. Phil. 2, 43, 110; cf.

of the same: omnes unum in principem congesti honores: circa templa imagines... suggestus in curia, fastigium in domo, mensis in caelo,

Flor. 4, 2 fin.:

Romae signa eorum sunt in Palatina aede Apollinis in fastigio,

Plin. 36, 5, 4, § 13; cf. id. 35, 12, 43, § 152; Vitr. 3, 2.— Transf.:

operi tamquam fastigium imponere,

Cic. Off. 3, 7, 33.—

Transf.

The extreme part, extremity of a thing, whether above or below.

Top, height, summit:

colles... pari altitudinis fastigio oppidum cingebant,

Caes. B. G. 7, 69, 4:

opus nondum aquae fastigium aequabat,

Curt. 4, 2, 19:

summi operis,

id. 4, 2, 8:

jamque agger aequaverat summae fastigia terrae,

id. 8, 10, 31:

aquatilium ova rotunda, reliqua fere fastigio acuminata,

Plin. 10, 52, 74, § 145:

gracilitas (arundinis) nodis distincta leni fastigio tenuatur in cacumina,

id. 16, 36, 64, § 158; cf.:

cornua in leve fastigium exacuta,

id. 11, 37, 45, § 124; 16, 33, 60, § 141; Vulg. 2 Reg. 18, 24.—In plur., Lucr. 4, 827:

muri,

Val. Fl. 2, 553:

fontis fastigium,

i. e. the height on which the fountain sprang up, Hirt. B. G. 8, 41, 5.—

The lower part, depth: forsitan et scrobibus quae sint fastigia, quaeres, [p. 728] what should be the depth of the trenches, Verg. G. 2, 288.—

(From the sloping form of the gable.) A slope, declivity, descent:

ab oppido declivis locus tenui fastigio vergebat,

Caes. B. C. 1, 45, 5:

jugum paulo leniore fastigio,

id. ib. 2, 24, 3:

iniquum loci ad declivitatem fastigium,

id. B. G. 7, 85, 4:

rupes leniore submissa fastigio,

Curt. 6, 6, 11:

capreoli molli fastigio,

Caes. B. C. 2, 10, 3; 2, 24, 3:

musculi,

id. ib. 2, 11, 1:

scrobes paulatim angustiore ad infimum fastigio,

i. e. gradually narrowing from top to bottom, id. B. G. 7, 73, 5; cf.:

si (fossa) fastigium habet, ut (aqua) exeat e fundo,

Varr. R. R. 1, 14, 2.—

In the later grammarians, an accent placed over a word, Mart. Cap. 3, § 264; § 268 al.; Diom. p. 428 P.

Trop.

The highest part, summit, the highest degree, most exalted rank or dignity (perh. only since the Aug. per.):

quicquid numinum hanc Romani imperii molem in amplissimum terrarum orbis fastigium extulit,

Vell. 2, 131, 1; cf.:

sic fit, ut dei summum inter homines fastigium servent,

Plin. Pan. 52, 2:

et quoad usque ad memoriam nostram tribuniciis consularibusque certatum viribus est, dictaturae semper altius fastigium fuit,

Liv. 6, 38 fin.; cf.:

in consulare fastigium vehi,

Vell. 2, 69, 1:

ad regium fastigium evehere aliquem,

Val. Max. 1, 6, 1:

alii cives ejusdem fastigii,

Liv. 3, 35, 9:

stare in fastigio eloquentiae,

Quint. 12, 1, 20:

rhetoricen in tam sublime fastigium sine arte venisse,

id. 2, 17, 3:

et poësis ab Homero et Vergilio tantum fastigium accepit, et eloquentia a Demosthene,

id. 12, 11, 26; cf.:

magice in tantum fastigii adolevit, ut, etc.,

grew into such esteem, Plin. 30, 1, 1, § 2.—

In gen., dignity, rank, condition:

(M. Laetorio) curatio altior fastigio suo data est,

Liv. 2, 27, 6; cf.:

ampliora etiam humano fastigio decerni sibi passus est,

Suet. Caes. 76:

tamquam mortale fastigium egressus,

Tac. A. 15, 74:

animus super humanum fastigium elatus,

Curt. 9, 10 med.:

quales ex humili magna ad fastigia rerum extollit Fortuna,

Juv. 3, 39.—

A leading or chief point, head in a discourse; a principal sort or kind (rare):

summa sequar fastigia rerum,

Verg. A. 1, 342:

e quibus tribus fastigiis (agrorum) simplicibus,

sorts, kinds, Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 2:

propter haec tria fastigia formae discrimina quaedam fiunt sationum,

id. ib. 1, 5:

haec atque hujuscemodi tria fastigia agri, etc.,

id. ib. 1, 6, 6; cf.

also: quo fastigio sit fundus,

id. ib. 1, 20 fin. (and v. Lachm. ad Lucr. p. 223):

laudem relego fastigia summa,

Prisc. Laud. Anast. 148.

gălērum, i, n. (also gălērus, i, m., Verg. A. 7, 688: gălēra, ae, f., C. Gracch. in Charis. p. 61 P.) [galea], a helmet-like covering for the head, made of undressed skin, the Gr. kuneê, a cap, bonnet, hat (cf.: pileus, petasus, apex).

Lit.: flamen Dialis solus album habet galerum, Varr. ap. Gell. 10, 15, 32; so of a priest's cap, App. Mag. p. 288; cf.:

Suetonius tria genera pileorum dixit, quibus sacerdotes utuntur, apicem, tutulum, galerum... galerum pileum ex pelle hostiae caesae,

Serv. Verg. A. 2, 683:

fulvosque lupi de pelle galeros Tegmen habent capiti,

Verg. A. 7, 688 (galerus est genus pilei, quod Fronto genere neutro dicit hoc galerum, Serv. ad h. l.); so Verg. M. 121; Suet. Ner. 26; Grat. Cyneg. 340; Calp. Ecl. 1, 7; Juv. 8, 208; Stat. Th. 1, 305. —

Transf.

A kind of peruke, Suet. Ner. 26 Ruhnk.; Juv. 6, 120.—

A rose-bud, Aus. Idyll. 14, 25.

gălērum, i, n. (also gălērus, i, m., Verg. A. 7, 688: gălēra, ae, f., C. Gracch. in Charis. p. 61 P.) [galea], a helmet-like covering for the head, made of undressed skin, the Gr. kuneê, a cap, bonnet, hat (cf.: pileus, petasus, apex).

Lit.: flamen Dialis solus album habet galerum, Varr. ap. Gell. 10, 15, 32; so of a priest's cap, App. Mag. p. 288; cf.:

Suetonius tria genera pileorum dixit, quibus sacerdotes utuntur, apicem, tutulum, galerum... galerum pileum ex pelle hostiae caesae,

Serv. Verg. A. 2, 683:

fulvosque lupi de pelle galeros Tegmen habent capiti,

Verg. A. 7, 688 (galerus est genus pilei, quod Fronto genere neutro dicit hoc galerum, Serv. ad h. l.); so Verg. M. 121; Suet. Ner. 26; Grat. Cyneg. 340; Calp. Ecl. 1, 7; Juv. 8, 208; Stat. Th. 1, 305. —

Transf.

A kind of peruke, Suet. Ner. 26 Ruhnk.; Juv. 6, 120.—

A rose-bud, Aus. Idyll. 14, 25.

gălērum, i, n. (also gălērus, i, m., Verg. A. 7, 688: gălēra, ae, f., C. Gracch. in Charis. p. 61 P.) [galea], a helmet-like covering for the head, made of undressed skin, the Gr. kuneê, a cap, bonnet, hat (cf.: pileus, petasus, apex).

Lit.: flamen Dialis solus album habet galerum, Varr. ap. Gell. 10, 15, 32; so of a priest's cap, App. Mag. p. 288; cf.:

Suetonius tria genera pileorum dixit, quibus sacerdotes utuntur, apicem, tutulum, galerum... galerum pileum ex pelle hostiae caesae,

Serv. Verg. A. 2, 683:

fulvosque lupi de pelle galeros Tegmen habent capiti,

Verg. A. 7, 688 (galerus est genus pilei, quod Fronto genere neutro dicit hoc galerum, Serv. ad h. l.); so Verg. M. 121; Suet. Ner. 26; Grat. Cyneg. 340; Calp. Ecl. 1, 7; Juv. 8, 208; Stat. Th. 1, 305. —

Transf.

A kind of peruke, Suet. Ner. 26 Ruhnk.; Juv. 6, 120.—

A rose-bud, Aus. Idyll. 14, 25.

hĭems or hiemps, ĕmis, f. [Gr. chiôn, cheima; Sanscr. himas, snow], the winter, winter time, rainy season (cf.: bruma, solstitium).

Lit.: aestatem autumnus sequitur, post acer hiemps fit, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 647 P. (Ann. v. 406 Vahl.):

solvitur acris hiems grata vice veris et Favoni,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 1: crudelis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 891 P. (Ann. v. 482 Vahl.);

opp. to aestas,

Dig. 43, 20, 1, §§

31 and 32: dies primus est veris in Aquario, aestatis in Tauro, autumni in Leone, hiemis in Scorpione,

Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; cf. id. ap. Col. 11, 2, 84; Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 125; 18, 25, 60, § 224 sq.: prodit hiems, sequitur crepitans hanc dentibus algor. Lucr. 5, 747:

hanc vim frigorum hiememque, quam nos vix hujus urbis tectis sustinemus, excipere,

Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 42:

summa,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 32:

gravissimā hieme,

Caes. B. C. 3, 8 fin.:

jamque hiems appropinquabat,

id. ib. 3, 9, 8:

initā hieme,

id. B. G. 3, 7, 1:

jam prope hieme confectā,

id. ib. 7, 32, 2: ante exactam hiemem, id. ib. 6, 1, 4:

hiems jam praecipitaverat,

id. B. C. 3, 25, 1:

modestia hiemis,

Tac. A. 12, 43:

bellum difficillimum gessit hieme anni,

in winter time, Suet. Caes. 35:

stridebat deformis hiems,

Juv. 4, 58: Arabes campos et montes hieme et aestate peragrantes, winter and summer, i. e. in all seasons, Cic. Div. 1, 42, 94.—In plur.:

confligunt hiemes aestatibus acres,

Lucr. 6, 373:

est ubi plus tepeant hiemes?

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 15:

informīs hiemes reducit Juppiter, idem Summovet,

id. C. 2, 10, 15; 3, 1, 32:

in his locis maturae sunt hiemes,

Caes. B. G. 4, 20, 1; Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

seu plures hiemes, seu tribuit Juppiter ultimam,

years, Hor. C. 1, 11, 4:

post certas hiemes,

id. ib. 1, 15, 35; cf.:

sic multas hiemes atque octogensima vidit solstitia,

Juv. 4, 92.—Personified: Hiems, Ov. M. 2, 30; 15, 212; 4, 436; Verg. A. 3, 120.—

Transf. (mostly poet.).

Rainy, stormy weather, a storm, tempest:

imber Noctem hiememque ferens,

Verg. A. 5, 11; cf.:

non tam creber agens hiemem ruit aequore turbo,

id. G. 3, 470:

Juppiter horridus austris Torquet aquosam hiemem,

id. A. 9, 671; id. G. 1, 321; Hor. Epod. 2, 52; Ov. M. 11, 490; 521; 13, 709 al.—In plur., Val. Fl. 2, 22; Stat. S. 5, 1, 36.—In prose:

maritimos cursus praecludebat hiemis magnitudo,

Cic. Planc. 40 fin.:

qui (gubernator) navem ex hieme marique scopuloso servat,

Nep. Att. 10 fin. —

In gen., cold, chill; tempest, violence ( poet.):

sic letalis hiems paulatim in pectora venit,

a deadly chill, Ov. M. 2, 827; cf. Mart. 2, 46, 7:

Vesuvinus apex et flammea diri Montis hiems,

the fiery tempest, Stat. S. 3, 5, 72;

so of Vesuvius: vix dum ignea montem Torsit hiems,

Val. Fl. 4, 508:

instamus jactu telorum et ferrea nimbis Certat hiems,

the iron storm, shower of weapons, Stat. Th. 5, 386.—

Trop.

Cold, storm ( poet.):

ab illa Pessima (die) mutati coepit amoris hiems,

cold, Ov. H. 5, 34:

hiems rerum,

the storm of war, disturbance of war, Claud. B. Get. 151.—

Trouble, distress:

suae senectuti acriorem hiemem parat, quom illam inportunam tempestatem conciet,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 3, 7.

hĭems or hiemps, ĕmis, f. [Gr. chiôn, cheima; Sanscr. himas, snow], the winter, winter time, rainy season (cf.: bruma, solstitium).

Lit.: aestatem autumnus sequitur, post acer hiemps fit, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 647 P. (Ann. v. 406 Vahl.):

solvitur acris hiems grata vice veris et Favoni,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 1: crudelis, Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 891 P. (Ann. v. 482 Vahl.);

opp. to aestas,

Dig. 43, 20, 1, §§

31 and 32: dies primus est veris in Aquario, aestatis in Tauro, autumni in Leone, hiemis in Scorpione,

Varr. R. R. 1, 28, 1; cf. id. ap. Col. 11, 2, 84; Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 125; 18, 25, 60, § 224 sq.: prodit hiems, sequitur crepitans hanc dentibus algor. Lucr. 5, 747:

hanc vim frigorum hiememque, quam nos vix hujus urbis tectis sustinemus, excipere,

Cic. Rab. Post. 15, 42:

summa,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86; id. de Imp. Pomp. 12, 32:

gravissimā hieme,

Caes. B. C. 3, 8 fin.:

jamque hiems appropinquabat,

id. ib. 3, 9, 8:

initā hieme,

id. B. G. 3, 7, 1:

jam prope hieme confectā,

id. ib. 7, 32, 2: ante exactam hiemem, id. ib. 6, 1, 4:

hiems jam praecipitaverat,

id. B. C. 3, 25, 1:

modestia hiemis,

Tac. A. 12, 43:

bellum difficillimum gessit hieme anni,

in winter time, Suet. Caes. 35:

stridebat deformis hiems,

Juv. 4, 58: Arabes campos et montes hieme et aestate peragrantes, winter and summer, i. e. in all seasons, Cic. Div. 1, 42, 94.—In plur.:

confligunt hiemes aestatibus acres,

Lucr. 6, 373:

est ubi plus tepeant hiemes?

Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 15:

informīs hiemes reducit Juppiter, idem Summovet,

id. C. 2, 10, 15; 3, 1, 32:

in his locis maturae sunt hiemes,

Caes. B. G. 4, 20, 1; Cic. N. D. 2, 19, 49:

seu plures hiemes, seu tribuit Juppiter ultimam,

years, Hor. C. 1, 11, 4:

post certas hiemes,

id. ib. 1, 15, 35; cf.:

sic multas hiemes atque octogensima vidit solstitia,

Juv. 4, 92.—Personified: Hiems, Ov. M. 2, 30; 15, 212; 4, 436; Verg. A. 3, 120.—

Transf. (mostly poet.).

Rainy, stormy weather, a storm, tempest:

imber Noctem hiememque ferens,

Verg. A. 5, 11; cf.:

non tam creber agens hiemem ruit aequore turbo,

id. G. 3, 470:

Juppiter horridus austris Torquet aquosam hiemem,

id. A. 9, 671; id. G. 1, 321; Hor. Epod. 2, 52; Ov. M. 11, 490; 521; 13, 709 al.—In plur., Val. Fl. 2, 22; Stat. S. 5, 1, 36.—In prose:

maritimos cursus praecludebat hiemis magnitudo,

Cic. Planc. 40 fin.:

qui (gubernator) navem ex hieme marique scopuloso servat,

Nep. Att. 10 fin. —

In gen., cold, chill; tempest, violence ( poet.):

sic letalis hiems paulatim in pectora venit,

a deadly chill, Ov. M. 2, 827; cf. Mart. 2, 46, 7:

Vesuvinus apex et flammea diri Montis hiems,

the fiery tempest, Stat. S. 3, 5, 72;

so of Vesuvius: vix dum ignea montem Torsit hiems,

Val. Fl. 4, 508:

instamus jactu telorum et ferrea nimbis Certat hiems,

the iron storm, shower of weapons, Stat. Th. 5, 386.—

Trop.

Cold, storm ( poet.):

ab illa Pessima (die) mutati coepit amoris hiems,

cold, Ov. H. 5, 34:

hiems rerum,

the storm of war, disturbance of war, Claud. B. Get. 151.—

Trouble, distress:

suae senectuti acriorem hiemem parat, quom illam inportunam tempestatem conciet,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 3, 7.