apes+pt

ex-erceo, cuī, citum, ēre (zu arceo, in Ruhe halten), aus dem Zustande der Ruhe gleichs. heraushalten, d.i. nicht ruhen-, nicht rasten-, nicht feiern lassen, sich rühren lassen, in Atem setzen, ohne Rast beschäftigen, im Gange erhalten, im üblen Sinne (als Synom. von fatigare) abmühen, abtreiben, abhetzen, I) eig.: a) v. der rastlosen Bewegung übh.: equos aequore campi, umhertummeln, Verg.: turbinem magno in gyro vacua atria circum, umhertreiben, Verg.: qualis apes aestate novā per florea rura exercet labor, Verg.; vgl. medial, apes exercentur agris, tummeln sich herum, Verg. – haec (corpora) quia sunt exercita motu, sich rastlos bewegen, Lucr.: u. so exercita cursu flumina, rastlos strömende, Verg.; vgl. (Maeandros) incertas exercet aquas, läßt rastlos strömen, Ov. – manum (mit der H. hin u. her fechten) et in ventum iactare brachia, Sen.: u. so manum (um sich schlagen), litigare etc., Sen. (vgl. Gronov Sen. Thyest. 165). – im üblen Sinne, poet., indomitas qualis undas exercet Auster, Hor.: ignem exercentibus Euris, Ov.: ex. venatu saltus opacos, Sil. – b) als mediz. t.t., von der aufregenden Körperbewegung der Kranken, in (aktive) Bewegung setzen, (aktive) Bewegung verschaffen, wohltätig körperlich aufregen, corpus, Cels.: pilā similibusque ex. superiores partes, Cels.: absol., commode exercent clara lectio,

————

arma, pila, cursus, ambulatio, Cels. – refl. se exercere u. medial exerceri, sich (aktive) Bewegung (Motion) machen, -verschaffen, Cels.: exerceri per manus (durch Handarbeiten u. dgl.), Cels. – selten v. der passiven Körperbewegung, pendentis tori gestatio, quo plurimā parte diei ac noctu motu exerceantur aegrotantes, Cael. Aur. – c) v. Rühren der Glieder bei der Arbeit, emsig rühren, -beschäftigen, assiduis brachia telis, Ov.: linguas litibus, Ov.: in sua dona manus, Prop.: manum (emsig Hand anlegen) et ea quae meditata sunt ad verum perducere, Sen. – d) v. In-Atem-Setzen der Sklaven u. Tiere bei der Arbeit, familiam, Cato: servos, Ter.: famulas ad lumina longo penso, von der Hausfrau, Verg.: tauros, Verg. – im üblen Sinne, ego te exercebo hodie, ut dignus es, in Atem setzen, herumkuranzen (Jacob), Ter.: (equae) neque opere neque cursu exerceantur, abgetrieben werden, Col.: u. so wohl feras, abhetzen, ICt. – e) v. emsigen Bearbeiten eines Ggstds., solum presso sub vomere, emsig umwühlen, Verg.: humum in messem, Verg.: paterna rura bobus suis, Hor.: ferrum, emsig schmieden (v. den Zyklopen), Verg.: antiquas telas, emsig fortspinnen (v. der Spinne), Ov.

II) übtr.: A) im allg., v. Ggstdn., Zuständen usw. aller Art, die jmd. gleichs. in Atem setzen, viel zu schaffen machen, (viel) Arbeit-, (viel) Plage machen, abarbeiten, tüchtig in Anspruch nehmen, hu-

————

deln, heimsuchen, abquälen, von Affekten auch = beherrschen, a) übh.: meos casus, in quibus me fortuna vehementer exercuit, Cic.: duae (villae) ut maxime delectant, ita exercent, Plin. ep.: quae (centumvirales causae) me exercent magis, quam delectant, Plin. ep.: promulgata lex exercuit civitatem, Liv.: strenua nos exercet inertia, Hor.: ambitio animos hominum exercet, Sall.: nunc me reliquiae vestrae exercent, Cic. – te de praedio exerceri (so viel Plage hast) moleste fero, Cic.: exerceri poenis, Verg.: candidati exerciti omnibus iniquitatibus, Cic.: Venus exercita curis, Verg.: in somniis exercitus, Ps. Sall. de rep. 2, 6, 12. – b) als mediz. t.t., v. körperlichen Übeln, ut pueros vomitus, nocturnae vigiliae etc. exerceant, Cels.: alios astricta, alios resoluta alvus exercet, Cels.: teretes (lumbrici), qui pueros maxime exercent, Cels.: absol., si vero sudor exercet, Cels.

B) in einer Tätigkeit übend beschäftigen, üben, ausbilden, a) körperlich: iuventutem, Caes.: corpus, Sall.: in gramineis membra palaestris, Verg.: in hoc vocem et vires suas, Cic.: virgines non otio neque lanificio, sed armis, equis, venationibus, Iustin.: armis atque equis corpus (Ggstz. animum in litteris agitare), Ps. Sall. de rep. 2, 10, 2. – als milit. t.t., in den Waffen-, taktisch üben, einüben, copias, Caes.: in armis Macedonas et mercennarios milites, Liv.: regem armavit atque exercuit adversus Romanos, Nep. – refl.

————

se exercere u. medial exerceri, sich üben, se in curriculo, v. den Athleten, Cic.: u. von dens., se Iovi Cic.: ibi (in palaestra) cursu, luctando, hastā, pugilatu, pilā, saliendo sese exercebant magis, quam scorto aut saviis, Plaut.: nullum diem praetermisit, quo non pilo et sagittis ceterisque armorum se exerceret officiis, Vopisc.: se hoc genere pugnae exercuisse, Caes.: se ad cursuram, Plaut.: notavi in porticu gregem cursorum cum magistro se exercentem, Petron. – dum armis exercetur, Waffenübungen treibt, Cic.: cum exercentur (athletae), Cic.: exerceri in venando, Cic.: exercebatur plurimum currendo et luctando, Nep. – Partiz. Präs. exercēns refl., sich übend, Cic. de or. 2, 287. Suet. Caes. 26, 3; Aug. 98, 3. – ebenso refl., ludicra exercendi (Leibes- und Waffenübungen) aut venandi consuetudo, Cic. de fin. 1, 69: pueros ante urbem lusus exercendique causā producere, Liv. 5, 27, 2. – b) geistig: vario modo discipulos, Suet.; vgl. quid te exercuit? Cic.: ingenium, Cornif. rhet.; vgl. ingenium nemo sine corpore exercebat, Sall.: ingenium multiplici variāque materiā, Quint.: memoriam, Cic.: stilum, Cic.: verba, sich auf bloßes Wortgeklingel üben, Sen. – in hoc genere exerceri apud magistros, Cic.: adulescentes ad copiam rhetorum, Cic. – refl. se exercere u. medial exerceri, sich üben, se cotidianis commentationibus acerrime, Cic.: se vehementissime in his subitis dictionibus, Cic.: ex. se u. exerceri in

————

utrumque locum, Quint.: pueri discunt, exercentur, Cic.: exercebatur (er studierte) apud Arellium Tuscum, Sen. contr. 2. praef. § 1. – Partiz. Perf. Pass. exercitus, s. bes.

C) ein Werkzeug usw., eine Tätigkeit in Betrieb setzen, handhaben, anwenden, ausüben, betreiben, mit etw. umgehen, sich beschäftigen, 1) im allg.: a) mater. Objj. u. körperl. Tätigkeiten od. Zustände: pro consuetudine regionum praedictae machinae exercentur, Col.: arma, Verg.: pharetram aut acres arcus, Val. Flacc.: palaestras, Verg.: vocem, ertönen lassen, v. Präko, Plaut. – balatus, cantus, ertönen lassen, Verg. – mellis vindemia, propter quam totius anni labor exercetur, Col.; vgl. labores incassum, Verg.: vicem, abwechselnd den Dienst verrichten, Verg.: diem, poet. = sein Tagewerk verrichten, Verg. – sitim, poet. = Durst leiden, Sil. – pugnos in alqm, Plaut.: arma contra patriam, Tac.: eas linguas adversus nomen eius, Augustin. de civ. dei 1, 3 extr. – est enim illi (naturae) mos exercere in parvis, ihren Willen im Kleinen zu äußern (kund zu geben), Sen. de clem. 1, 19, 3. – b) polit., geistige u. moral. Tätigkeiten od. Zustände handhaben, ausüben, fühlen lassen, üben, betätigen, entfalten, geltend machen, äußern, dura imperia, Verg.: imperium miti animo, Sen.: memores plus quam civiliter iras, Ov.: familiariter inimicitias, Cic.: inexorabile odium, Ov.: pretiosa

————

odia et constantia magno, Ov.: victoriam, verfolgen, Liv.: u. so victoriam crudeliter, Sall.: iustitiam, Plin. ep.: pacem aeternam (halten) et hymenaeos (feiern), Verg. – nomen patris patriae indulgentiā, betätigen durch usw., Plin. pan. – non umquam facundiam, sich befassen mit usw., Tac. (vgl. non quo verba umquam potius quam res exercuerim, Liv.): canina facundia exercebatur, Sall. fr.; neque ego callidam facundiam neque ingenium ad male faciendum exercui, Sall. fr. – oft alqd cum alqo, in alqo, in alqm (s. Fabri Sall. Cat. 49, 2 u. Iug. 16, 2), graves inimicitias cum alqo, Sall.: simultates, Liv., cum alqo, Cic. u. Sall.: odium in prole paternum, Ov.: gratiam atque inimicitias in tanta re, Sall.: facilitatem et lenitudinem animi in alqo, Cic.: suam insatiabilem crudelitatem non solum in vivo, sed etiam in mortuo et in eius corpore lacerando et vexando, Cic.: victoriam foede in captis, die G. fühlen lassen, Liv.: fortuna exercet in alqo vim suam, zeigt, macht geltend seine Macht (seinen mächtigen Einfluß), Nep., od. in alqo opes (seinen mächtigen Einfluß), Liv.: tribuni militum in plebe regnum exercent, Liv.: hereditarium in alqm odium, Vell.: libidinem et avaritiam in socios, Liv. – venerem amorem amoenitatemque, Plaut.: communes amores ad alqam, Catull. – 2) insbes.: a) als t.t. des Land- u. Bergbaus: α) einen Acker usw. bestellen, bebauen, rus exercere et colere, Col.: praedia rustica,

————

Liv.: vineas, campos curare et exercere, Plin. ep.: Africam et Aegyptum ex., Tac.: ex. studiosius mare quam terras, mehr Seeleute (Fischer, Schiffer, Seeräuber) als Ackerbauer sein (vgl. εργάζεσθαι γην, θάλασσαν), Iustin. – β) eine Grube usw. betreiben, ausbeuten, figlinas, argenti fodinas aut alia metalla, Varro: metallum Macedonicum, Liv.: metalla, Pacat. pan.: metalla auri atque argenti, Liv.: solum, Flor. – b) als t.t. der Geschäftsspr., α) etw. als Gewerbe betreiben, ausüben, mit etw. ein Gewerbe treiben, ein Gewerbe machen, navem, Reederei treiben, ICt.: aquae molas, Cassiod.: pistrinum, das Müllerhandwerk betreiben, Suet. u. Apul.: cauponam, Iustin u. ICt.: cauponam vel stabulum, ICt.: tabernam (Kaufladen), Vitr. u. ICt.: officinam promercalium mercium, Suet.: armorum officinas, in Betrieb setzen, Tac.: pecuniam, fenus, Geld auf Zinsen leihen, ICt.; vgl. fenus apud Helvetios, Suet. – commercium turis, Plin.: (corpore) quaestum, ICt.: argentariam (Wechselgeschäft), ICt.: artem, Hor., Cels. u.a.: medicinam, Cic.: medicinam fame, durch die Hungerkur heilen (v. Arzte), Plin.: rhetoricen, Quint. – piraticam, Iustin., u. piraticam adversus patriam, Iustin. – β) einen Stoff bearbeiten, exercitae pelles, gegerbte, Cael. Aur. de morb. acut. 3, 8, 80. – c) als publiz. u. jurist. t.t.: α) v. der leitenden Tätigkeit, etw. halten, leiten, vollziehen usw., qui exercet iudicium, vom vorsitzen-

————

den Richter, Cic.: exercere iudicium et poenas, verhängen od. vollziehen, Tac.: ebenso quaestionem inter sicarios, Cic.: quaestionem severius, Liv., od. aspere violenterque, Sall. – od. etw. verwalten, führen, vectigalia (bes. v. den Staatspächtern), Cic.: institor exercens mercem, der Handel führende, ICt. – β) ein Gesetz, Recht usw. handhaben, in Ausübung bringen, geltend machen, iacēre irritas actiones... legem confestim exerceri, Liv.: exercendas esse leges respondit et atrocissime exercuit, Suet.: u. so ius, beneficium, ICt. – u. eine Rechtshandlung vollziehen, anstellen, litem, eine Entscheidung geben, ICt.: actionem adversus alqm, ICt.: fortuita incendia civiliter, verfolgen, ICt. – ⇒ Formen nach der 3. Konjug. exercunt, Itala (Verc.) Luc. 22, 25: Imper. exercite, Commodian. instr. 2, 27, 1.

* * *

* * *

[eip] n.,v.-n. 1. majmun. 2. përb. njeri kaba./-vt. imitoj; shkërbej; play the ape to somebody çinoj (përqesh) dikë; say an apes paternoster më kërcasin dhëmbët nga të ftohtit; the higher apes primatet; go ape zhrg. rrëmbehem; entuziazmohem.

● apelike [eip laik] adj. si majmun. fig. i shëmtuar; turimajmun

● apeman [eipman] n., biol. pitekantrop (plural apemen)

alvus, i, f. (m., Att. ap. Prisc. p. 654 P.; 718 ib., and Non. 193, 26; Calv., Ael. Cin., and Laber. ap. Charis. p. 61 P.) [for aluus from alo: venter feminae ab alendo dicta, Paul. ex Fest. p. 8 Müll. and so Varr.; acc. to others kindr. with Sanscr. ulvam = uterus, and this again connected with vulva, volvo; eluô eiluô; Sanscr. val = to turn; O. H. Germ. wallen = to roll], the belly, the paunch, the bowels.

Lit.:

purgatio alvi,

Cic. N. D. 3, 22:

forsitan purgat alvum,

Vulg. Jud. 3, 24; 3, 22; cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 50:

solvere,

Cels. 1, 3:

exonerare,

Plin. 10, 44, 61, § 126:

inanire,

id. 20, 3, 8, § 14 et saep.:

non descendit alvus,

is costive, Cels. 2, 7:

cui satis alvus reddit cotidie,

id. 2, 12, n. 2:

alvus cita,

active, id. 1, 6:

alvum bonam facere,

Cato, R. R. 114:

movere,

id. ib. 115:

citare,

Col. 7, 9, 9:

adstringere alvum,

to make costive, Cels. 1, 3; so also: cohibere, comprimere, supprimere, firmare, sistere, inhibere, etc., to bind, constipate, etc.—In plur.:

ad eliciendas alvos,

Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 2.—Hence, for excrement:

alvus varia,

Cels. 2, 6:

alvus liquida, nigra, pallida, pinguis,

id. ib.; and for flux, diarrhœa: alvus corpus ac vires carpit, Col. 6, 7.—

Transf.

The womb:

in alvo gestare,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 5;

twice in Cic.: cum praegnans Dionysium alvo contineret,

Cic. Div. 1, 20:

spes in alvo commendata,

id. Clu. 12; so Hor. C. 4, 6, 20; id. A. P. 340 al.—

The stomach, the digestive organs, Cic. N. D. 2, 54; so id. ib. 2, 50; Ov. M. 6, 651.—

A beehive (very freq.):

mediā alvo, quā introeant apes,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 15:

alvi melle plenae,

Plin. 21, 12, 43, § 73:

si plenae alvi fuerint,

id. 11, 15, 15, § 40:

(apes) alvo se continent,

id. 11, 16, 15, § 43; Col. 9, 8, 1; 9, 14, 7; so id. 9, 15, 11.—

Of the basin of the molten sea in the Jewish temple:

(boves) alvum maris circuibant,

Vulg. 2 Par. 4, 3.

aspĕro ( aspro, Sid. Ep. 4, 8; id. Carm. 2, 418), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [asper], to make rough, uneven.

A.. Lit. (very freq. in the poets and Tac., but not found in Cic.):

asserculi asperantur, ne sint advolantibus lubrici,

Col. 8, 3, 6:

tum enim (apes) propter laborem asperantur ac macescunt,

become rough, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 20:

cum torpent apes, nec caloribus asperantur,

Pall. 7, 7, 2:

(vinum myrtites) limum dysentericae passionis medicabiliter asperare, i. e. excrementa solidiora reddere,

id. 3, 31, 2:

Et glacialis hiemps aquilonibus asperat undas,

throws into commotion, Verg. A. 3, 285; so Luc. 8, 195; Val. Fl. 2, 435: Minervae pectus asperare hydris, Prud. peri steph. 14, 275.—

Transf., to furnish with a rough, wounding exterior (cf. 1. asper, I.):

sagittas inopiā ferri ossibus asperant,

to point, Tac. G. 46.—Hence, also, to whet, to sharpen:

pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit,

Tac. A. 15, 54:

abruptaque saxa asperat,

Luc. 6, 801 (cf. id. 7, 139: nisi cautibus asper Exarsit mucro, and exaspero).—

Trop., to make fierce, to rouse up, excite, exasperate:

indomitos praeceps discordia fratres asperat,

Stat. Th. 1, 137:

hunc quoque asperavere carmina in saevitiam,

Tac. A. 1, 72 fin.; 3, 12:

ubi asperatum Vitellium satis patuit iis, qui etc.,

id. H. 3, 38:

ne lenire neve asperare crimina videretur,

to make more severe, to aggravate, heighten, id. A. 2, 29:

iram victoris,

id. H. 2, 48.

aspĕro ( aspro, Sid. Ep. 4, 8; id. Carm. 2, 418), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [asper], to make rough, uneven.

A.. Lit. (very freq. in the poets and Tac., but not found in Cic.):

asserculi asperantur, ne sint advolantibus lubrici,

Col. 8, 3, 6:

tum enim (apes) propter laborem asperantur ac macescunt,

become rough, Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 20:

cum torpent apes, nec caloribus asperantur,

Pall. 7, 7, 2:

(vinum myrtites) limum dysentericae passionis medicabiliter asperare, i. e. excrementa solidiora reddere,

id. 3, 31, 2:

Et glacialis hiemps aquilonibus asperat undas,

throws into commotion, Verg. A. 3, 285; so Luc. 8, 195; Val. Fl. 2, 435: Minervae pectus asperare hydris, Prud. peri steph. 14, 275.—

Transf., to furnish with a rough, wounding exterior (cf. 1. asper, I.):

sagittas inopiā ferri ossibus asperant,

to point, Tac. G. 46.—Hence, also, to whet, to sharpen:

pugionem vetustate obtusum asperari saxo jussit,

Tac. A. 15, 54:

abruptaque saxa asperat,

Luc. 6, 801 (cf. id. 7, 139: nisi cautibus asper Exarsit mucro, and exaspero).—

Trop., to make fierce, to rouse up, excite, exasperate:

indomitos praeceps discordia fratres asperat,

Stat. Th. 1, 137:

hunc quoque asperavere carmina in saevitiam,

Tac. A. 1, 72 fin.; 3, 12:

ubi asperatum Vitellium satis patuit iis, qui etc.,

id. H. 3, 38:

ne lenire neve asperare crimina videretur,

to make more severe, to aggravate, heighten, id. A. 2, 29:

iram victoris,

id. H. 2, 48.

con-sīdo, sēdi (also -sīdi, Enn. ap. Gell. 4, 7, v. Sat., v. 14 Vahl.; Tac. A. 1, 30 fin.; Gell. 5, 4, 1; cf. Wagner ad Verg. E. 7, 1; Neue, Formenl. II. p. 501), sessum, 3, v. n., to sit down (esp. of a multitude), take a seat, be seated, to settle (freq. in all periods and species of composition); constr. with in and abl., sub and abl., ante, the simple abl., or absol.

Lit.

In gen.

Absol.:

salutatio hospitalis... fuit, positisque sedibus consederunt,

Liv. 42, 39, 8:

scio apud vos filio in conspectu matris nefas esse considere,

Curt. 5, 2, 22:

illi jussi considere affirmant, etc.,

id. 7, 6, 6:

nec aut recubet aut considat pastor,

Col. 7, 3, 26:

vix consideramus, et nox, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 6, 20, 14.—

With designation of place:

si videtur, considamus hic in umbrā,

Cic. Leg. 2, 3, 7; cf.:

in pratulo propter Platonis statuam,

id. Brut. 6, 24:

certo in loco,

id. Sen. 18, 63:

in arā,

Nep. Paus. 4, 4:

in molli herbā,

Verg. E. 3, 55:

in illo caespite,

Ov. M. 13, 931:

examen in arbore consederat,

Liv. 21, 46, 2:

in rupe,

Curt. 3, 1, 4:

in sellā,

id. 5, 2, 13:

in turre consedit avis,

id. 4, 6, 11:

dormienti in labellis (apes),

Cic. Div. 1, 36, 78:

sub argutā ilice,

Verg. E. 7, 1:

hic corylis mixtas inter ulmos,

id. ib. 5, 3:

ante focos scamnis longis,

Ov. F. 6, 305:

super ripam stagni,

id. M. 6, 373:

transtris,

Verg. A. 4, 573:

ipsae (apes) medicatis sedibus,

id. G. 4, 65:

solio medius consedit avito,

id. A. 7, 169:

mecum saxo,

Ov. M. 1, 679:

tergo tauri,

id. ib. 2, 869.— Impers.:

in silvam venitur et ibi considitur,

Cic. de Or. 3, 5, 18.—Of soldiers in battle array:

triarii sub vexillis considebant, sinistro crure porrecto, scuta innixa umeris... tenentes,

Liv. 8, 8, 10.—

In partic.

In assemblies of the people, courts of justice, theatres, etc., to take one's place, take a seat, sit, hold sessions, to be in session:

cum in theatro imperiti homines consederant,

Cic. Fl. 7, 16;

so of senators,

Suet. Aug. 35.—Of judges:

quo die primum judices, citati in hunc reum consedistis,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 7, § 19; Liv. 26, 48, 9; Ov. M. 11, 157; 12, 627:

ad jus dicendum,

Liv. 34, 61, 15:

introductum in tabernaculum (Persea) adversus advocatos in consilium considere jussit,

id. 45, 7, 5; Suet. Calig. 38:

in orchestrā,

id. Aug. 44:

inter patres,

Tac. A. 13, 54.—

Milit. t. t., to encamp, pitch a camp, take post somewhere; with in and abl.:

quo in loco Germani consederant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 49; so Sall. J. 49, 1; Liv. 4, 17, 12; 10, 4, 11.—With sub: sub monte consedit, Caes. B. G. 1, 48; 1, 21; Sall. C. 57, 3:

trans flumen,

Caes. B. G. 2, 16:

contra eum duūm milium spatio,

id. ib. 3, 17:

nuntiant Jugurtham circiter duūm milium intervallo ante eos consedisse,

Sall. J. 106, 5:

prope Cirtam haud longe a mari,

id. ib. 21, 2:

inter virgulta,

id. ib. 49, 5:

superioribus locis,

id. ib. 51, 3:

ubi cuique vallis abdita spem praesidii aut salutis aliquam offerebat, consederat,

Caes. B. G. 6, 34; cf. Curt. 7, 7, 31:

haud procul,

id. 4, 12, 4.—

To settle down for a long time or permanently, to take up one's abode, to establish one's self:

qui etiam dubitem, an hic Antii considam,

Cic. Att. 2, 6, 2:

antequam aliquo loco consedero, neque longas a me neque semper meā manu litteras exspectabis,

id. ib. 5, 14, 1:

Belgas propter loci fertilitatem ibi consedisse,

Caes. B. G. 2, 4:

in Ubiorum finibus,

id. ib. 4, 8; cf. id. ib. 1, 31:

vultis et his mecum pariter considere regnis?

Verg. A. 1, 572:

terrā,

id. ib. 4, 349.—With in and acc.:

in novam urbem,

Curt. 7, 4, 23.—

Of inanim. objects, esp. of places, to settle, sink down, sink in, give way, subside, etc.:

in Veliterno agro terra ingentibus cavernis consedit arboresque in profundum haustae,

Liv. 30, 38, 8; cf.:

terra in ingentem sinum consedit,

id. 30, 2, 12:

(Alpes) jam licet considant!

may now sink down, Cic. Prov. Cons. 14, 34:

omne mihi visum considere in ignis Ilium,

to sink down, Verg. A. 2, 624; 9, 145; cf.:

Ilium ardebat, neque adhuc consederat ignis,

Ov. M. 13, 408:

in cinerem,

Stat. Th. 3, 185:

cum omnia sacra profanaque in ignem considerent,

Tac. H. 3, 33 fin.: quā mitescentia Alpium juga considunt, sink, i. e. are lower, Plin. 3, 25, 28, § 147:

patiemur picem considere, et cum siderit, aquam eliquabimus,

Col. 12, 24, 2:

donec consideret pulvis,

Curt. 5, 13, 12:

cum in cacuminibus montium nubes consident,

Plin. 18, 35, 82, § 356:

tumidi considunt fluctus,

Sil. 17, 291.—

Trop.

In gen.:

multa bona in pectore consident,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; Cic. Univ. 2:

justitia cujus in mente consedit,

id. Fin. 1, 16, 50; id. Har. Resp. 12, 24.— Poet.: totam videmus Consedisse urbem luctu, sunk or immersed in grief, Verg. A. 11, 350 (in luctum esse demersum, Serv.). —

In partic.

(Acc. to I. B. 3.) To settle down permanently, sink:

in otio,

Cic. Att. 2, 4, 2:

hoc totum (genus dicendi) in eā mediocritate consedit,

id. Or. 27, 96:

antequam ego incipio secedere et in aliā parte considere,

i. e. change the subject, Sen. Ep. 117, 4.—

(Acc. to I. B. 4.) To lose force, abate, subside, diminish; to be appeased, quieted, to cease:

ardor animi cum consedit, omnis illa vis et quasi flamma oratoris exstinguitur,

Cic. Brut. 24, 93:

consederit furor,

id. Ac. 2, 27, 88:

ferocia ab re bene gestā,

Liv. 42, 62, 3:

primus terror ab necopinato visu,

id. 33, 7, 5:

bella,

Sil. 16, 218:

quia praesentia satis consederant,

Tac. A. 1, 30 fin.:

consedit utriusque nomen in quaesturā,

i. e. has since that time ceased, Cic. Mur. 8, 18.—

Of discourse, to sink; to conclude, end:

eorum verborum junctio nascatur a proceris numeris ac liberis... sed varie distincteque considat,

Cic. de Or. 3, 49, 191.

con-vĕho, vexi, vectum, 3, v. a., to carry, bear, or bring together (in good prose).

In gen.:

frumentum ex finitimis regionibus in urbem,

Caes. B. C. 1, 34 fin.; cf. Liv. 25, 13, 2; 24, 39, 11 al.: lintribus in eam insulam materiem, calcem, caementa, arma, * Cic. Mil. 27, 74; cf. Liv. 4, 60, 6:

tus collectum Sabota camelis,

Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 63:

flores (apes),

id. 11, 17, 18, § 58:

cibos,

id. 11, 18, 20, § 64.— Absol.:

undique convehunt apes,

Plin. 11, 30, 36, § 109:

frumentum habere convectum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 74 fin. —

In partic., of the harvest, to gather, get in:

fructus in villas,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 35 Müll.:

vasa corbisque ac patentiora quaedam messibus convehendis vindemiisque faciunt,

Plin. 16, 9, 14, § 35.

cŏrusco, āre, v. a. and n. (the access. form conisco is found in some copies of Lucr. 2, 320, and Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 21) [root scar-, to leap; Gr. skairô; cf. also korussô; v. Lidd. and Scott, s. v.].

To thrust or push with the horns (very rare):

agni ludunt blandeque coruscant,

Lucr. 2, 320:

frontem,

Juv. 12, 6: caput opponis cum eo coruscans, Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 8, 3, 21.—

Transf., to move quickly, to vibrate, shake, brandish, wave, tremble, etc. ( poet.).

Act.:

duo Gaesa manu,

Verg. A. 8, 661:

hastam,

id. ib. 12, 431:

telum,

id. ib. 12, 887; Sil. 1, 434:

ferrum,

Val. Fl. 2, 228 al.:

linguas (colubrae),

Ov. M. 4, 494:

alternos apices (flammae),

Stat. Th. 12, 432.—

Neutr., to flit, flutter, shake:

apes pennis coruscant,

Verg. G. 4, 73:

abies,

trembles, Juv. 3, 254.—

In partic., of the tremulous motion of fire, lightning, or brilliant bodies, to flash, glitter, gleam, coruscate: flamma inter nubes coruscat, Pac. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 39, 157:

elucent aliae (apes) et fulgore coruscant,

Verg. G. 4, 98:

Juppiter arce,

Val. Fl. 5, 304:

telisque salum facibusque coruscat,

id. 1, 703:

coruscans clipeus,

Claud. III. Cons. Hon. 29 al.

ē-vādo, si, sum, 3 ( perf. sync. evasti, Hor. S. 2, 7, 68; Sil. 15, 796; perf. evadi. Treb. Poll. Trig. Tyr. 5, 6), v. n. and a.

Neutr., to go or come out, go forth (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

si (apes) ex alvo minus frequentes evadunt,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 36:

ex aqua,

Plaut. Rud. 1, 2, 86:

ex balineis,

Cic. Cael. 27, 65:

oppido,

Sall. J. 56, 5:

undis,

Verg. A. 9, 99:

puteo,

Phaedr. 4, 9, 11:

abiit, excessit, evasit, erupit,

Cic. Cat. 2, 1:

per praeruptum saxum in Capitolium,

Liv. 5, 46:

in terram,

to disembark, to land, id. 29, 27 fin. —

In an upward direction:

ex abditis sedibus evadere atque exire,

Cic. N. D. 2, 37, 95:

evado ad summi fastigia culminis,

mount up, ascend, Verg. A. 2, 458:

ad parietem,

Suet. Ner. 48:

in murum, muros, moenia,

Liv. 2, 17; 4, 34; 10, 17:

in jugum,

id. 33, 8:

in cacumen,

Curt. 7, 11:

super capita hostium,

id. 5, 3 et saep.—

In partic., to get away, escape:

aut e morbo evasurum aegrotum, aut e periculo navem, aut ex insidiis exercitum,

Cic. Div. 2, 5, 13: ex fuga, * Caes. B. G. 3, 19, 4:

e manibus hostium,

Liv. 22, 49:

ex judicio,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 5:

e tanto periculo,

Liv. 42, 18:

periculo,

id. 21, 33:

adverso colle, sicuti praeceptum fuerat, evadunt,

Sall. J. 52, 3; cf. id. ib. 50 fin.; Liv. 1, 12 fin.; 10, 1 et saep.—

Trop.

In gen., to go or come out, pass out, escape:

accedit, ut eo facilius animus evadat ex hoc aëre eumque perrumpat, quod, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 19; cf.:

ex corpore (animus),

id. de Sen. 22, 80; and:

cum ab iis... evaseris, id Tusc. 1, 41, 98: ad conjecturam,

to arrive at, Plaut. Rud. 3, 1, 20:

ne in infinitum quaestio evadat,

Quint. 2, 17, 16. —

In an upward direction:

nitamur semper ad optima: quod facientes aut evademus in summum, aut certe multos infra nos videbimus,

Quint. 12, 11, 30.—

In partic., to turn out, fall out, end in some manner, to have an issue of some kind, to result, to turn to or become something:

ex communibus proprii, ex fucosis firmi suffragatores evadunt,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 9, 35; cf. Cic. Or. 27, 95; id. Fin. 4, 25, 69:

quos judicabat non posse oratores evadere,

id. de Or. 1, 28, 126:

fuit autem Athenis adulescens, perfectus Epicureus evaserat,

id. Brut. 35, 131; 87, 299; id. Fin. 4, 28, 78:

ita molles mentes evadunt civium,

id. Rep. 1, 43, 67; cf.:

juvenis evasit vere indolis regiae,

Liv. 1, 39:

quod tu ejusmodi evasisti,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 69:

nimis saepe secus videmus evadere,

id. Leg. 2, 17, 43.—Of abstract subjects:

ut ita fastidiosae mollesque mentes evadant civium, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 43 fin.:

si quando aliquod somnium verum evaserit,

id. Div. 2, 53:

vereor ne haec quoque laetitia vana evadat,

Liv. 23, 12:

quoniam primum vanum inceptum evasisset,

id. 35, 47 et saep.:

intellego hercle: sed quo evadas nescio,

what you are driving at, Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 44: quam timeo, quorsum evadas, where you are coming out in your story, Ter. And. 1, 1, 100; 1, 2, 5:

nimia illaec licentia Profecto evadet in aliquod magnum malum,

id. Ad. 3, 4, 64:

demiror quid sit, et quo evadat, sum in metu,

Plaut. As. 1, 1, 68; cf. Cic. Att. 14, 19 fin.:

videamus, hoc quorsum evadat,

id. ib. 9, 18, 4; Nep. Dion. 8, 1:

huccine (beneficia),

to end in this, Sall. J. 14, 9:

in morbos longos,

Liv. 27, 33, 6.—

Pregn., to come to pass, be fulfilled:

aliquando id, quod somniarimus, evadere,

Cic. Div. 2, 59;

for which: si somnium verum evasit aliquod,

id. ib. 2, 71, 146.

Act. (mostly poet. and post-Aug.; not in Cic.), to pass over or pass a thing, to get over, pass beyond, leave behind.

Lit.

In gen.:

omnem videbar evasisse viam,

Verg. A. 2, 730:

tot urbes,

id. ib. 3, 282:

vada, arva,

Ov. M. 3, 19:

amnem,

Tac. A. 12, 35:

limen harae,

Col. 7, 9, 13:

vestibulum (apes),

id. 9, 12, 1 et saep.—

In an upward direction:

sic fata gradus evaserat altos,

had mounted the steps, Verg. A. 4, 685:

ardua,

to climb, ascend, Liv. 2, 65. —

In partic., to get away, flee, escape from, = effugere:

alicujus manus,

Verg. A. 9, 560:

loca mortis,

Ov. M. 14, 126:

flammam,

Verg. A. 5, 689:

angustias,

Liv. 21, 32; 38, 2:

nocturnas insidias,

Suet. Caes. 74: aliquem, Tiber. ap. Suet. Tib. 61.—

Trop.

In gen.: vitam, to depart from, i. e. to die, App. M. 4, p. 140.—

In an upward direction:

si haec quoque jam lenius supina perseverantibus studiis evaseris,

hast climbed, ascended, Quint. 12, 10, 79.—

In partic., to escape, get rid of: aegritudinem, Lucil. ap. Non. 294, 7:

necem,

Phaedr. 4, 6, 4:

gravem casum,

Tac. A. 14, 6:

sermones malignorum,

Plin. Ep. 7, 24, 3 et saep.

horrĭdus, a, um, adj. [horreo], standing on end, sticking out, rough, shaggy, bristly, prickly:

non hac barbula, qua ista delectatur, sed illa horrida, quam in statuis antiquis et imaginibus videmus,

Cic. Cael. 14, 33:

caesaries,

Ov. M. 10, 139:

pluma,

id. Am. 2, 6, 5:

apes horridi pili,

Col. 9, 3, 1; cf.:

apes horridae aspectu,

Plin. 11, 18, 19, § 59:

sus,

Verg. G. 4, 407; cf.:

videar tibi amarior herbis, Horridior rusco,

id. E. 7, 42:

densis hastilibus horrida myrtus,

id. A. 3, 23; cf.:

arbor spinis,

Plin. 12, 15, 34, § 67:

horrida siccae silva comae,

Juv. 9, 12. —

Transf., in gen., rough, rude, rugged, wild, savage, horrid.

Lit.:

horrida signis chlamys,

Val. Fl. 5, 558 (for which:

aspera signis pocula,

Verg. A. 9, 263:

membra videres Horrida paedore,

Lucr. 6, 1269:

pecudis jecur horridum et exile,

Cic. Div. 2, 13, 30:

horrida villosa corpora veste tegant,

Tib. 2, 3, 75:

pastor,

Ov. M. 1, 514:

Ilia cultu,

id. Am. 3, 6, 47; cf.:

Acestes in jaculis et pelle Libystidis ursae,

Verg. A. 5, 37:

Silvanus,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 22: Africa terribili tremit horrida terra tumultu, Enn. ap. Fest. p. 153 Müll. (Ann. v. 311 Vahl.); cf.:

Aetnensis ager et campus Leontinus sic erat deformis atque horridus, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 18, § 47 fin.:

horridior locus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 83:

silva fuit, late dumis atque ilice nigra Horrida,

Verg. A. 9, 382:

sedes Taenari,

Hor. C. 1, 34, 10:

argumenta, velut horrida et confragosa, vitantes,

Quint. 5, 8, 1:

inde senilis Hiems tremulo venit horrida passu,

Ov. M. 15, 212; cf.:

cum Juppiter horridus austris Torquet aquosam hiemem,

Verg. A. 9, 670:

bruma,

id. G. 3, 442:

December,

Mart. 7, 36, 5:

stiria,

Verg. G. 3, 366:

grando,

id. ib. 1, 449:

tempestas,

Hor. Epod. 13, 1; Varr. ap. Plin. 18, 35, 79, § 349:

fluctus,

Hor. Epod. 10, 3; cf.:

aequora,

id. C. 3, 24, 40.— Poet.: si premerem ventosas horridus Alpes, qs. enveloped in horror, shuddering, Ov. Am. 2, 16, 19.—Of taste:

sapor,

harsh, raw, Plin. 34, 13, 33, § 129; cf. id. 13, 4, 9, § 43:

ruta silvestris horrida ad effectum est,

id. 20, 13, 61, § 131: (litterae) succedunt tristes et horridae... in hoc ipso frangit multo fit horridior (littera sexta nostrarum), Quint. 12, 10, 28 sq. —

Esp., with dishevelled hair:

si magna Asturici cecidit domus, horrida mater,

Juv. 3, 212:

paelex,

id. 2, 57.—

Trop.

Rough in character or manners, rude, blunt, stern, unpolished, uncouth:

huncine hominem te amplexari tam horridum,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 41:

ut vita sic oratione durus, incultus, horridus,

Cic. Brut. 31, 117; cf.:

vir paulo horridior et durior,

Plin. Ep. 3, 3, 5: spernitur orator bonus, horridus miles amatur, Enn. ap. Cic. Mur. 14, 30 (Ann. v. 273 Vahl.):

non ille, quamquam Socraticis madet Sermonibus, te negliget horridus,

Hor. C. 3, 21, 10:

fidens juventus horrida bracchiis,

id. ib. 3, 4, 50:

Germania,

id. ib. 4, 5, 26:

gens,

Verg. A. 7, 746:

horridus irā (Boreas), etc.,

Ov. M. 6, 685:

vita,

Cic. Quint. 30, 93:

virtus,

Sil. 11, 205; Stat. Th. 5, 172:

aspera, tristi, horrida oratione,

Cic. Or. 5, 20; cf.:

horridiora verba,

id. Brut. 17, 68:

sermo,

Quint. 9, 4, 3:

quaedam genera dicendi horridiora,

id. 12, 10, 10:

numerus Saturnius,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 157:

ita de horridis rebus nitida est oratio tua,

Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 51:

(antiquorum imitatores) fient horridi atque jejuni,

Quint. 2, 5, 21.—

With the predominating idea of an effect produced, causing tremor or horror, terrible, frightful, horrid (rare, and mostly poet. for the class. horribilis): horridiore aspectu esse, * Caes. B. G. 5, 14, 2; cf. in a Greek construction with an inf.:

et desit si larga Ceres, tunc horrida cerni,

Luc. 3, 347:

turba horrida aspici,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 19:

vis horrida teli,

Lucr. 3, 170:

acies,

Verg. A. 10, 408:

castra,

id. E. 10, 23:

proelia,

id. G. 2, 282:

arma,

Ov. M. 1, 126:

virga (mortis),

Hor. C. 1, 24, 16:

fata,

Verg. A. 11, 96:

jussa,

id. ib. 4, 378:

paupertas,

Lucr. 6, 1282:

aquilae ac signa, pulverulenta illa et cuspidibus horrida,

Plin. 13, 3, 4, § 23.— Hence, adv.: horrĭdē (acc. to II. B.), roughly, savagely, severely, sternly:

vixit semper inculte atque horride,

Cic. Quint. 18, 59:

horride inculteque dicere,

id. Or. 9, 28; cf. Quint. 10, 2, 17:

ornamentis utetur horridius,

Cic. Or. 25, 86: alloqui mitius aut horridius. Tac. H. 1, 82.

ŏpĕror (collat. form ŏpĕro, Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 10, 33; Commod. 30, 14), ātus, 1, v. dep. n. [opus], to work, labor, toil, take pains; to be busied (not in Cic. or Cæs.).— Constr. absol. or with dat.

Lit.

In gen.

Absol.:

seniores (apes) intus operantur,

Plin. 11, 10, 10, § 21:

servi, qui operari in agro consueverunt,

Dig. 28, 5, 35. —

With dat., to bestow pains upon a thing; to devote one's self to, be engaged in or occupied with a thing (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

reipublicae,

Liv. 4, 60, 2:

conubiis arvisque novis operari,

Verg. A. 3, 136:

ornandis capillis,

Ov. Am. 2, 7, 23:

in cute curandā,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 29:

textis Minervae, Tib 2, 1, 65: materiis caedendis,

Tac. H. 5, 20:

studiis litterarum,

id. A. 3, 43:

scholae,

Quint. 10, 3, 13; Suet. Claud. 19:

auditioni in scholis,

Plin. 26, 2, 6, § 11; Val. Max. 8, 7, 4 ext.:

rebus domesticis,

Col. 12, 4, 3:

reipublicae,

Dig. 48, 5, 15.—

In partic., in relig. lang., to serve the gods, perform sacred rites, to honor or celebrate by sacrifices (for which:

operam dare rebus divinis,

Cic. Leg. 2, 11, 26):

operari est deos religiose et cum summā veneratione sacrificiis litare,

Non. 523, 9; Pompon. ap. Non. 523, 13:

illum Dianae sanctum diem,

Afran. ib. 14:

sacra refer Cereri laetis operatus (= sacrificans) in herbis,

Verg. G. 1, 339; cf.:

Cynthia jam noctes est operata decem,

Prop. 2, 33, 2 (3, 31, 2); and:

mulier justis operata sacris, Hor C. 3, 14, 6: sacris,

Liv. 1, 31, 8:

superstitionibus,

id. 10, 39, 2:

viditque se operatum, et sanguine sacro respersa praetexta,

Tac. A. 2, 14. Vesta, fave:

tibi nunc operata resolvimus ora,

the mouth devoted to thee, Ov. F. 6, 249:

janua matutinis operatur festa lucernis,

Juv. 12, 92.—

Transf.

To work, have effect, be effectual, to be active, to operate (post-class.):

nihil denique praetermitteret, quod ad crudelitatem videretur operari,

to be effectual, Capitol. Maxim. 13:

ad sui dispendium,

to avail, Cod. Just. 5, 12, 7:

venenum operatur,

operates, Lampr. Commod. 17.—

Act. (eccl. Lat.)

To work, carry into effect, administer:

justi tiam,

Lact. 6, 12, 38; 6, 13, 4; 6, 24, 4:

scelus,

Vulg. Lev. 20, 12:

miracula,

Ambros. in Luc. 4, § 47.—

To work, produce by working, cause:

in vobis sollicitudinem,

Vulg. 2 Cor. 7, 11:

mortem,

id. ib. 7, 10:

gloriae pondus,

id. ib. 4, 17:

opera,

id. Joan. 9, 4.— Hence,

ŏpĕrans, antis, P. a., active, efficient, effectual (post-Aug.):

operantes apes spectare,

Plin. 21, 14, 47, § 80.— Comp.:

bonitas operantior,

Tert. adv. Marc. 2, 4.— Neutr. adv.:

aridas vaporationes operantius mederi quam cataplasmata,

Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 8, 89.— Sup.:

clysteres adhibere operantissimos,

Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 39.—

ŏpĕrātus, a, um, P. a.

Pass., performed, effected (eccl. Lat.):

tot charismata perperam operata,

Tert. Praescr. 29.—

Act., efficacious, effective:

fallaciae vis operatior,

Tert. Anim. 57.

rē-stĭtŭo, ŭi, ūtum, 3, v. a. [statuo], to put or set up again, i. e. either to replace in its former position, or (more freq.) to restore to its former condition, to rebuild, revive, etc. (freq. and class.; syn.: restauro, renovo, reficio).

In gen.

Lit.:

senatus decrevit, ut Minerva nostra, quam turbo dejecerat, restitueretur,

Cic. Fam. 12, 25, a, 1:

arborem,

Verg. G. 2, 272:

luxatum femur ex toto,

Cels. 8, 20: aedes (with reficere), Cic. Top. 3, 15:

domum a Clodio disjectam,

i. e. to rebuild, Vell. 2, 45, 3; cf.

domum,

Suet. Ner. 31:

theatrum,

id. Claud. 21:

statuas (disjectas),

id. Calig. 34:

tropaea disjecta,

id. Caes. 11:

fores effractas,

Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 40:

oppida vicosque, quos incenderant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 28:

fontes et Flumina,

Ov. M. 2, 407:

turbatas comas,

id. F. 3, 16:

ordines,

Sall. J. 51, 3; cf.

aciem,

Liv. 5, 18; 29, 2 al.:

inclinatam aciem,

Suet. Caes. 62:

(eos, qui) quaedam contra naturam depravata habent, restituere et corrigere,

Cic. Div. 2, 46, 96:

oculos (luminibus orbati),

Suet. Vesp. 7:

visum,

Plin. 25, 8, 50, § 89:

pilos,

id. 32, 10, 40, § 119:

se (apes, with reviviscere),

Varr. R. R. 3, 16 fin.; cf.:

aliquem a limine mortis,

Cat. 68, 4; Verg. Cul. 223;

and restinctos,

to raise the dead, Ov. P. 3, 6, 35:

apes restituunt se ac reviviscunt,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 38.—

Trop., to restore, revive, renew, reform, etc.: unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84; Cic. Att. 2, 19, 2; Liv. 30, 26; Verg. A. 6, 846 Serv.; Macr. S. 6, 1; Ov. F. 2, 242; Aug. ap. Suet. Tib. 21 al. (Ann. v. 313 Vahl.); cf.:

rem prolapsam,

Liv. 2, 63:

res perditas,

id. 25, 37; 6, 22:

rem impeditam et perditam,

Ter. And. 3, 5, 13;

and simply rem,

Liv. 3, 12 Drak.; 8, 11;

25, 37: veteres clientelas,

Caes. B. G. 6, 12:

veterem tuam illam calliditatem atque prudentiam,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 22, 61:

tribuniciam potestatem,

id. Agr. 2, 14, 36:

tribuniciam intercessionem armis,

Caes. B. C. 1, 7: proelium, Poet. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 23, 52; Caes. B. G. 7, 87; 1, 53; Liv. 6, 8; cf.:

pugnam omnibus locis,

id. 4, 38 fin.; 2, 19:

damna Romano accepta bello,

id. 31, 43:

sanitatem,

Just. 6, 4, 13:

bellum,

id. 35, 1, 10; Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 56; cf.

vires,

Val. Fl. 2, 70:

adulescentem corruptum,

to reform, Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 81:

suorum a pudore maritimae ignominiae restituti animi,

restored, revived, Liv. 35, 27:

consolando aliquorum restituere voluntatem aut benevolentiam in dominum,

Varr. R. R. 1, 17, 7.—

In partic., to give back, deliver up, return, restore a thing belonging to a person or place (syn. reddo).

Lit.: Mi. Paterna oportet reddi filio bona. Ha. Restituentur omnia, Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 122:

tribuni vobis amissa reddent ac restituent?

Liv. 3, 68.—

With a personal object: virginem suis Restituere ac reddere,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 67; 4, 6, 8:

alicui filium,

id. Heaut. 3, 1, 83; id. And. 3, 3, 38; id. Hec. 5, 3, 20:

amissa cuique,

Caes. B. C. 1, 87:

bona iis,

id. ib. 2, 21:

majorum locum huic,

id. B. G. 5, 25:

agrum Veientibus,

Liv. 2, 13 et saep.:

alicui suum familiarem et hospitem, ereptum e manibus hostium,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53:

Sextus Pompeius civitati restitutus,

Cic. Phil. 5, 15, 41:

captum victori,

Liv. 9, 11:

apibus fructum suum,

Phaedr. 3, 13, 15:

Caesaris imperio restituendus erat,

Ov. P. 4, 13, 38:

illum restituam huic, hic autem in Alidem me meo patri,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 56:

aliquem natalibus,

to set free, Dig. 40, tit. 11;

v. natalis.— With abstr. object: sed etiam meam vocem et auctoritatem et vobis et rei publicae conservatam ac restitutam puto,

Cic. Marcell. 1, 2:

lucem salutemque redditam sibi ac restitutam,

id. Dom. 28, 75.—Without dat.:

amissa (opp. adimere),

Caes. B. C. 1, 7:

fraudata,

id. ib. 3, 60 fin. al.:

Arpi restituti ad Romanos,

Liv. 24, 47; cf.:

(Cloelia) sospites omnes Romam ad propinquos restituit,

id. 2, 13; 49:

aliquem in aliquem locum,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 58; cf. Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 108:

(Siciliam) in antiquum statum,

Cic. Verr. 1, 4, 12; cf.:

civitates afflictas in melius,

Suet. Vesp. 17. —

Publicists' and jurid. t. t., to bring back or restore to his previous state or condition; to recall, reinstate a person condemned, banished, deprived of his property, etc. (cf. reduco):

restituebat multos calamitosos... Licinium Denticulam de aleā condemnatum restituit,

Cic. Phil. 2, 23, 56:

omnes, qui lege Pompeiā condemnati essent,

id. Att. 10, 4, 8:

quae fuisset justa causa restituendi mei, nisi fuisset injusta eiciendi?

id. Mil. 14, 36; cf. id. ib. 15, 39:

aliquem (damnatum),

Suet. Caes. 41; id. Calig. 15:

exsulem,

id. Claud. 12:

legionem totam cum ignominiā missam,

id. Caes. 69:

neque enim praetor, si ex eo fundo essem dejectus, ita me restitui jussit,

Cic. Caecin. 29, 82; cf. id. ib. 8, 23: nonnullos ambitus Pompeiā lege damnatos in integrum restituit, Caes. B. C. 3, 1:

aliquem in integrum,

Cic. Clu. 36, 98; Dig. 4, 1, 4; 4, 15 (cf. the whole section, ib. 4, 1: De in integrum restitutionibus); cf.:

Sampsiceramum restitui in eum locum cupere, ex quo decidit,

Cic. Att. 2, 23, 2:

equites Romanos in tribunicium honorem,

Caes. B. C. 1, 77 fin.:

tribunos plebis in suam dignitatem,

id. ib. 1, 22:

restitutus in patriam (Camillus) patriam ipsam restituit,

Liv. 7, 1 fin.; so,

in patriam,

Suet. Ner. 3.—

Transf.

Of things, to deliver up again, to make restitution of, restore:

in utriusque bonis nihil erat, quod restitui posset, nisi quod moveri loco non poterat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 25, § 62; Dig. 43, 8, 2, § 34; 43, 12, 1, § 19 al.—

Of a previous judicial sentence or of injustice committed, to reverse, i. e. to make null and void, to make good again, repair (cf.:

rescindo, resolvo): alia judicia Lilybaei, alia Agrigenti, alia Panhormi restituta sunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 26, § 63:

qui (praetor) dies totos aut vim fieri vetat aut restitui factam jubet, etc.,

id. Caecin. 13, 36:

ut si ego eum condemnaro, tu restituas,

id. Fam. 9, 10, 2; cf.:

restitui in integrum aequom est,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 4, 11.—

To compensate for, make good (rare):

damnum,

Liv. 31, 43, 4; Vulg. Exod. 22, 12:

jacturam,

Col. 11, 1, 28. —

Trop., to restore to a former condition, to re-establish, etc.:

ut anno XVI. post reges exactos secederent, leges sacratas ipsi sibi restituerent,

restored for themselves, re-established, Cic. Corn. 1, Fragm. 23, p. 450 fin. Orell.:

restituit his animos parva una res,

Liv. 25, 18; cf. id. 21, 53:

ut interfecto Punico praesidio restituerent se Romanis,

join themselves again to the Romans, id. 23, 7:

ulcera sanitati restituens,

restoring, Plin. 20, 6, 23, § 51; cf. id. 14, 18, 22, § 118:

Bacchus peccasse fatentem Restituit,

restored to his former condition, Ov. M. 11, 135; cf.:

cum semel occideris... Non, Torquate, genus, non te facundia, non te Restituet pietas,

Hor. C. 4, 7, 24:

restituam jam ego te in gaudia,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 44:

haud facile te in eundem rursus restitues locum,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 9, 23; Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 108; cf.:

cives ex servitute in libertatem,

Liv. 28, 39:

poëtam in locum, Ter. Hec. prol. alt. 13: aliquem rursus in gratiam,

id. ib. 3, 1, 11; cf.:

fratrem in antiquum locum gratiae et honoris,

Caes. B. G. 1, 18:

fratrem (sc. in gratiam),

Curt. 8, 6, 26:

Acarnanas in antiquam formulam jurisque ac dicionis eorum,

Liv. 26, 24:

vos in amicitiam societatemque nostram,

id. 31, 31 fin. et saep.:

cum praecipitata raptim consilia neque revocari neque in integrum restitui possint,

id. 31, 32:

patientiae veteri (Britanniam),

Tac. Agr. 16.

trĕpĭdus, a, um, adj. [root in Gr. trepô, to turn, put to flight; cf. Lat. torqueo (cf. Fest. p. 367 Müll.); prop. scared; hence], restless, agitated, anxious, solicitous, disturbed, alarmed, in a state of trepidation, etc. (not. freq. in prose till the Aug. per.;

perh. not at all in Cic. and Cæs.): tum trepidae inter se coëunt pennisque coruscant (apes),

in a hurry, Verg. G. 4, 73; so,

Dido,

id. A. 4, 642 Serv.:

hic galeam tectis trepidus rapit,

id. ib. 7, 638;

9, 233: trepidi improviso metu,

Sall. J. 97, 5; cf.:

curia maesta ac trepida ancipiti metu,

Liv. 2, 24, 3:

Romae nocturnus terror ita ex somno trepidam repente civitatem excivit,

id. 8, 37, 6:

trepidi formidine portas Explorant,

Verg. A. 9, 169; Just. 2, 13, 9. — ( b) With gen.:

illae (apes) intus trepidae rerum per cerea castra Discurrunt,

Verg. A. 12, 589:

Messenii trepidi rerum suarum,

Liv. 36, 31, 5; so,

rerum suarum,

id. 5, 11, 4:

salutis,

Sil. 12, 13:

admirationis ac metus,

Tac. A. 6, 21 fin.:

tubarum,

Stat. Th. 11, 325. —

Of things:

illud (ferrum) in trepidā submersum sibilat unda,

Ov. M. 12, 279 (Merkel, tepidā); cf.:

et foliis undam trepidi despumat aheni,

i. e. bubbling, foaming, Verg. G. 1, 296:

venae,

Ov. M. 6, 389:

pes,

id. ib. 4, 100:

ōs,

id. ib. 5, 231:

vultus,

id. ib. 4, 485:

cursus,

Verg. A. 4, 672:

terror,

Lucr. 5, 41:

metus,

Ov. Tr. 3, 1, 54; Plin. 2, 7, 5, § 15:

tumultus belli,

Lucr. 3, 846:

certamen,

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 48:

motus,

Ov. M. 8, 606:

fletus,

id. ib. 4, 673:

in re trepidā,

in a critical situation, perilous juncture, Liv. 1, 27, 7; 4, 46, 8; 26, 5, 7; cf. in plur.:

in trepidis rebus,

id. 4, 17, 8; 4, 56, 8; Tib. 2, 3, 21; Hor. C. 3, 2, 5; Sil. 7, 1; cf. Sall. J. 91, 5:

incerta et trepida vita,

Tac. A. 14, 59; so,

vita,

id. ib. 4, 70 fin.:

litterae,

i. e. announcing danger, bringing alarming news, Curt. 7, 1, 36; so,

nuntius,

Just. 31, 2, 8.— Adv.: trĕpĭdē, hastily, in a state of confusion or alarm, with trepidation:

trepide concursans,

Phaedr. 2, 5, 2:

classis trepide soluta,

Liv. 22, 31, 5; so,

relictis castris,

id. 7, 11, 1:

deserta stativa,

id. 10, 12, 6:

trepide anxieque certare,

Suet. Ner. 23.

   1) The Catalyst to Darwin's Discovery of the Principle of Natural Selection

   In October 1838 that is, fifteen months after I had begun my systematic enquiry, I happened to read for amusement "Malthus on Population," and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on from long-continued observation of the habits of animals and plants, it at once struck me that under these circumstances favorable variations would tend to be preserved, and unfavorable ones to be destroyed. (Darwin, 1911, p. 68)

   2) Insight in the Chimpanzee

   The insight of the chimpanzee shows itself to be principally determined by his optical apprehension of the situation. (KoЁhler, 1925, p. 267)

   3) Brevity, Suddenness and Immediate Certainty

   Then I turned my attention to the study of some arithmetical questions apparently without much success and without a suspicion of any connection with my preceding researches. Disgusted with my failure, I went to spend a few days at the seaside, and thought of something else. One morning, walking on the bluff, the idea came to me, with just the same characteristics of brevity, suddenness and immediate certainty, that the arithmetic transformations of indeterminate ternary quadratic forms were identical with those of non-Euclidean geometry. (Poincareґ, 1929, p. 388)

   4) Insight Is Not a Mysterious Mental Agent

   The direct awareness of determination... may also be called insight. When I once used this expression in a description of the intelligent behavior of apes, an unfortunate misunderstanding was, it seems, not entirely prevented.... Apparently, some readers interpreted this formulation as though it referred to a mysterious mental agent or faculty which was made responsible for the apes' behavior. Actually, nothing of this sort was intended... the concept is used in a strictly descriptive fashion. (KoЁhler, 1947, pp. 341-342)

   5) Insight in Animal Problem- Solving

   The task must be neither so easy that the animal solves the problem at once, thus not allowing one to analyze the solution; nor so hard that the animal fails to solve it except by rote learning in a long series of trials. With a problem of such borderline difficulty, the solution may appear out of a blue sky. There is a period first of fruitless effort in one direction, or perhaps a series of attempted solutions. Then suddenly there is a complete change in the direction of effort, and a cleancut solution of the task. This then is the first criterion of the occurrence of insight. The behavior cannot be described as a gradual accretion of learning; it is evident that something has happened in the animal at the moment of solution. (What happens is another matter.) (Hebb, 1949, p. 160)

   6) An Explanation of Sudden Insight

   If the subject had not spontaneously solved the problem [of how to catch hold at the same time of two strings hung from the ceiling so wide apart that he or she could only get hold of one at a time, when the only available tool was a pair of pliers, by tying the pliers to one string and setting it into pendular motion] within ten minutes, Maier supplied him with a hint; he would "accidentally" brush against one of the strings, causing it to swing gently. Of those who solved the problem after this hint, the average interval between hint and solution was only forty-two seconds.... Most of those subjects who solved the problem immediately after the hint did so without any realization that they had been given one. The "idea" of making a pendulum with pliers seemed to arise spontaneously. (Osgood, 1960, p. 633)

   7) Flashes of Insight Do Not Explain Problem- Solving

   There seems to be very little reason to believe that solutions to novel problems come about in flashes of insight, independently of past experience.... People create solutions to new problems by starting with what they know and later modifying it to meet the specific problem at hand. (Weisberg, 1986, p. 50)

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