and+more+besides

* * *

1) General subject: further, furthermore, in fact, indeed, likewise, more importantly, moreover, nay, no, still further, too, what is more, more than that, further still, for good measure, yea, specifically, quite the opposite, (в значении "хуже того") worse still, (в значении "хуже того") worse, by and atour

2) Dialect: more by token

3) Obsolete: withal

4) Mathematics: and what is more, besides

5) Religion: Plus ("more", сокр. P.)

6) Makarov: again

7) Archaic: farther

circus, i, m., = kirkos [kindr. with krikos; Dor. kirkos, and korônê; cf.: kulindeô, kullos, cirrus, curvus].

A circular line, circle, in astronomy (less freq. than circulus): quot luna circos annuo in cursu institit, Att. ap. Non. p. 20, 28:

circus lacteus,

the Milky Way, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 15, 2; cf.:

candens circus, Lacteus hic notatur,

Cic. Arat. 248 (492):

illum incolunt locum... erat autem is splendidissimo candore inter flammas circus elucens,

id. Rep. 6, 16, 16 B. and K.:

globus et circi zonaeque ac fulgida signa,

Mart. Cap. 6, § 583.—

Circus Maximus, and more freq. kat exochên Circus, the oval circus built by Tarquinius Priscus between the Palatine and Aventine hills, which could contain more than one hundred thousand spectators. It was surrounded by galleries three stories high, and a canal called Euripus. Through its whole length, in the middle, a wall four feet high and about twelve broad was built, called spina, at the ends of which there were three columns upon one base (meta), around which the combatants were required to pass seven times before the prize was awarded. In the middle of the spina, Cæsar erected the obelisk, 132 feet high, brought from Egypt; cf. Dion. Hal. 3, 68; Dict. Antiq. p. 252 sqq.;

Becker, Antiq. 1, p. 467 sq.—Passages with Circus Maximus,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Müll.; id. R. R. 3, 13, 3; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154; Vitr. 3, 3, 5; Liv. 1, 35, 8 sqq.; Ov. F. 2, 392; Plin. 30, 15, 24, § 102; Suet. Ner. 25; 27; Gell. 5, 14, 5 al.—

Circus Magnus,

Ov. F. 6, 477; Plin. 36, 9, 14, § 71.—Most freq. only Circus, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132; Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 38; id. Mur. 34, 72 sq.; id. Phil. 2, 43, 110; Liv. 1, 36, 2; 42, 10, 5; Tac. H. 1, 4; Quint. 1, 6, 45; Suet. Caes. 39; id. Aug. 43; 74; id. Calig. 18 et saep.—In or around the Circus many jugglers and soothsayers, etc., stationed themselves;

hence, Circus fallax,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 113; Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132; Suet. Aug. 74:

Circus clamosus,

Mart. 10, 53, 1; cf. Juv. 3, 65. —Besides the Circus Maximus, there were at Rome still other Circi, among which the most celebrated was the Circus Flaminius in the ninth region, Varr. L. L. 5, § 154; Cic. Att. 1, 14, 1; id. Planc. 23, 55; id. Sest. 14, 33; Liv. 27, 21, 1; 28, 11, 4; Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13;

called only Circus,

Ov. F. 6, 205; 6, 209; cf. Becker, Antiq. 1, p. 598;

and the Circus Vaticanus, begun by Caligula and finished by Nero,

Plin. 16, 40, 76, § 201:

in Vaticani Gai et Neronis principuus circo,

id. 36, 11, 15, § 74.—Also, without the walls of Rome, Circus maritimus, Liv. 9, 42, 11.—

Hence, Circensis, e, adj., pertaining to the Circus: ludi, the contesls in the Circus Maximus, also called ludi magni (Liv. 4, 27, 2; 5, 19, 6; 22, 9, 10 al.; cf. Baumg.Crus. [p. 344] ad Suet. Aug. 23), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 33; Suet. Ner. 7; 11:

ludicrum, the same,

Liv. 44, 9, 3.—Hence, Circensis pompa, Suet. Claud. 11.—Also absol.: Circenses, ium, m. (sc. ludi; cf.

Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 458): edere,

Suet. Caes. 39; id. Calig. 18:

committere,

id. Claud. 21:

spectare,

id. Aug. 45:

Circensium die,

id. Dom. 4:

plebeii, prepared by the ediles annually in November,

id. Tib. 26.—

Transf., any race-course, Verg. A. 5, 109; 5, 289; 5, 551; Sil. 16, 313; 16, 323; Stat. Th. 6, 247.—

Meton., the spectators in the circus, Sil. 16, 535.

circus, i, m., = kirkos [kindr. with krikos; Dor. kirkos, and korônê; cf.: kulindeô, kullos, cirrus, curvus].

A circular line, circle, in astronomy (less freq. than circulus): quot luna circos annuo in cursu institit, Att. ap. Non. p. 20, 28:

circus lacteus,

the Milky Way, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 15, 2; cf.:

candens circus, Lacteus hic notatur,

Cic. Arat. 248 (492):

illum incolunt locum... erat autem is splendidissimo candore inter flammas circus elucens,

id. Rep. 6, 16, 16 B. and K.:

globus et circi zonaeque ac fulgida signa,

Mart. Cap. 6, § 583.—

Circus Maximus, and more freq. kat exochên Circus, the oval circus built by Tarquinius Priscus between the Palatine and Aventine hills, which could contain more than one hundred thousand spectators. It was surrounded by galleries three stories high, and a canal called Euripus. Through its whole length, in the middle, a wall four feet high and about twelve broad was built, called spina, at the ends of which there were three columns upon one base (meta), around which the combatants were required to pass seven times before the prize was awarded. In the middle of the spina, Cæsar erected the obelisk, 132 feet high, brought from Egypt; cf. Dion. Hal. 3, 68; Dict. Antiq. p. 252 sqq.;

Becker, Antiq. 1, p. 467 sq.—Passages with Circus Maximus,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Müll.; id. R. R. 3, 13, 3; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 59, § 154; Vitr. 3, 3, 5; Liv. 1, 35, 8 sqq.; Ov. F. 2, 392; Plin. 30, 15, 24, § 102; Suet. Ner. 25; 27; Gell. 5, 14, 5 al.—

Circus Magnus,

Ov. F. 6, 477; Plin. 36, 9, 14, § 71.—Most freq. only Circus, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132; Cic. Leg. 2, 15, 38; id. Mur. 34, 72 sq.; id. Phil. 2, 43, 110; Liv. 1, 36, 2; 42, 10, 5; Tac. H. 1, 4; Quint. 1, 6, 45; Suet. Caes. 39; id. Aug. 43; 74; id. Calig. 18 et saep.—In or around the Circus many jugglers and soothsayers, etc., stationed themselves;

hence, Circus fallax,

Hor. S. 1, 6, 113; Cic. Div. 1, 58, 132; Suet. Aug. 74:

Circus clamosus,

Mart. 10, 53, 1; cf. Juv. 3, 65. —Besides the Circus Maximus, there were at Rome still other Circi, among which the most celebrated was the Circus Flaminius in the ninth region, Varr. L. L. 5, § 154; Cic. Att. 1, 14, 1; id. Planc. 23, 55; id. Sest. 14, 33; Liv. 27, 21, 1; 28, 11, 4; Plin. 34, 3, 7, § 13;

called only Circus,

Ov. F. 6, 205; 6, 209; cf. Becker, Antiq. 1, p. 598;

and the Circus Vaticanus, begun by Caligula and finished by Nero,

Plin. 16, 40, 76, § 201:

in Vaticani Gai et Neronis principuus circo,

id. 36, 11, 15, § 74.—Also, without the walls of Rome, Circus maritimus, Liv. 9, 42, 11.—

Hence, Circensis, e, adj., pertaining to the Circus: ludi, the contesls in the Circus Maximus, also called ludi magni (Liv. 4, 27, 2; 5, 19, 6; 22, 9, 10 al.; cf. Baumg.Crus. [p. 344] ad Suet. Aug. 23), Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 15, § 33; Suet. Ner. 7; 11:

ludicrum, the same,

Liv. 44, 9, 3.—Hence, Circensis pompa, Suet. Claud. 11.—Also absol.: Circenses, ium, m. (sc. ludi; cf.

Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 458): edere,

Suet. Caes. 39; id. Calig. 18:

committere,

id. Claud. 21:

spectare,

id. Aug. 45:

Circensium die,

id. Dom. 4:

plebeii, prepared by the ediles annually in November,

id. Tib. 26.—

Transf., any race-course, Verg. A. 5, 109; 5, 289; 5, 551; Sil. 16, 313; 16, 323; Stat. Th. 6, 247.—

Meton., the spectators in the circus, Sil. 16, 535.

μέν, Particle, used partly to express certainty on the part of the speaker or writer; partly, and more commonly, to point out that the word or clause with which it stands is correlative to another word or clause that is to follow, the latter word or clause being introduced by δέ.

I μέν used absolutely to express certainty, not followed by correlative δέ, indeed, of a truth, synonymous with μήν, as appears from the [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. form ἦ μέν in protestations and oaths (where [dialect] Att. used ἦ μήν)

, καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μ. μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν Il.1.77

, cf. 14.275;

ἦ μέν τοι τάδε πάντα τελείεται Od.14.160

, cf. Il.24.416;

τοῦτον ἐξορκοῖ, ἦ μέν οἱ διηκονήσειν Hdt.4.154

, cf. 5.93, etc.: with neg.,

οὐ μὲν γάρ τι κακὸν βασιλευέμεν Od.1.392

, etc.;

ὤμοσα, μὴ μὲν.. ἀναφῆναι 4.254

, cf. Hdt.2.118, 179;

ἔξαρνος ἦν, μὴ μὲν ἀποκτεῖναι Id.3.67

, cf. 99: without neg.,

ἀνδρὸς μὲν τόδε σῆμα πάλαι κατατεθνηῶτος Il.7.89

: also in Trag.,

ἀκτὴ μὲν ἥδε τῆς περιρρύτου χθονός S.Ph.1

, cf. 159 (anap.), OC44, E.Med. 676, 1129, etc.;

καὶ μέν Il.1.269

, 9.632, etc.; οὐδὲ μὲν οὐδὲ .. 2.703, 12.212; γε μέν, cf. γε 1.5.

2 an answering clause with δέ is sts. implied, τὴν μὲν ἐγὼ σπουδῇ δάμνημ' ἐπέεσσι her can I hardly subdue, [ but all others easily], Il.5.893; ὡς μὲν λέγουσι as indeed they say, [ but as I believe not], E.Or. 8; καὶ πρῶτον μὲν ἦν αὐτῷ πόλεμος (with no ἔπειτα δέ to follow), X. An.1.9.14; so νῦν μέν σ' ἀφήσω I will let you go this time, Herod.5.81: to give force to assertions made by a person respecting himself, wherein opposition to other persons is implied,

ὡς μὲν ἐμῷ θυμῷ δοκεῖ Od. 13.154

; δοκεῖν μέν μοι ἥξει τήμερον [τὸ πλοῖον] Pl.Cri. 43d: hence with the pers. Pron.,

ἐγὼ μέν νυν θεοῖσι ἔχω χάριν Hdt.1.71

; ἐγὼ μὲν οὐδέν (sc. θέλω) S.Ant. 498;

ἐμοῦ μὲν οὐχ ἑκόντος Id.Aj. 455

;

ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ οἶδα X.Cyr.1.4.12

, cf. 4.2.45, etc.: with the demonstr. Pron.,

τούτου μὲν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐγὼ σοφώτερός εἰμι Pl.Ap. 21d

: generally, to emphasize the preceding word, πολλὴ μὲν ἡ μεταβολή μοι γέγονεν great indeed has been the change, Is.1.1, cf. Simon.5.1, etc.

3 μέν is used alone in questions, when the answer is assumed, I take it, θέμις μὲν ἡμᾶς χρησμὸν εἰδέναι θεοῦ; E.Med. 676, cf. Ion 520 (troch.), Hipp. 316, S.Ant. 634, Ar.Av. 1214; Ἕλλην μέν ἐστι καὶ Ἑλληνίζει; Pl.Men. 82b.

II μέν folld. by δέ in the correlative clause or clauses, on the one hand, on the other hand; commonly in Classical Gr., less freq. in later Gr. (rare in NT):

1 μέν.., δέ .. (or when the correlative clause is neg., μέν.., οὐδέ .., Il.1.318, 536), to mark opposition, Hom., etc.—The opposed clauses commonly stand together, but are freq. separated by clauses, parenthetic or explanatory; e.g. μέν in Il.2.494 is answered by δέ in 511, 527 sq.; in X.An.1.9.2, πρῶτον μέν is answered by ἐπεὶ δέ in <*> 6; in Id.Mem.1.1.2, πρῶτον μέν is answered by θαυμαστὸν δέ in 1.2.1.

2 to connect a series of clauses containing different matter, though with no opposition, Il.1.18sq., 306 sq. (five δέ-clauses), 433 sq. (eight δέ-clauses), cf. X.An. 1.3.14,7.10sq.: freq. when the members of a group or class are distinctly specified, παῖδες δύο, πρεσβύτερος μὲν Ἀρταξέρξης, νεώτερος δὲ Κῦρος ib.1.1.1; τάφρος.., τὸ μὲν εὖρος ὀργυιαὶ πέντε, τὸ δὲ βάθος ὀργυιαὶ τρεῖς ib.1.7.14; πρῶτος μέν.., δεύτερος δέ.., τρίτος δέ .. ib.5.6.9; τότε μέν.., τότε δέ .., at one time.., at another.., ib.6.1.9, etc.: esp. with the Art. used as a Pron., ὁ μέν.., ὁ δέ.. ; τὸ μέν.., τὸ δέ .., etc.

3 the principal word is freq. repeated,

οἳ περὶ μὲν βουλὴν Δαναῶν, περὶ δ' ἐστὲ μάχεσθαι Il.1.258

, cf. 288, Od.15.70;

ἔνι μὲν φιλότης, ἐν δ' ἵμερος, ἐν δ' ὀαριστύς Il.14.216

;

Ξέρξης μὲν ἄγαγεν.., Ξέρξης δ' ἀπώλεσεν A.Pers. 550

, cf. 560, 694, 700 (all lyr.);

χαλεπαίνει μὲν πρῳρεύς, χαλεπαίνει δὲ κυβερνήτης X.An.5.8.20

.

4 one of the correlative clauses is sts. independent, while the other takes the part. or some other dependent form, ἐβλασφήμει κατ' ἐμοῦ.., μάρτυρα μὲν.. οὐδένα παρασχόμενος.., παρεκελεύετο δέ .. D.57.11;

οἱ ἀμφὶ βασιλέα, πεζοὶ μὲν οὐκέτι, τῶν δὲ ἱππέων ὁ λόφος ἐνεπλήσθη X.An.1.10.12

, cf. 2.1.7, 5.6.29;

ὧν ἐπιμεμφομένα σ' ἁδεῖα μὲν ἀντία δ' οἴσω S.Tr. 123

, cf. OC 522 (bothlyr.);

χωρὶς μὲν τοῦ ἐστερῆσθαι.., ἔτι δὲ καὶ.. δόξω ἀμελῆσαι Pl.Cri.44

b.

5 μέν and δέ freq. oppose two clauses, whereof one is subordinate to the other in meaning or emphasis, ἀλλ' ἐκεῖνο θαυμάζω, εἰ Λακεδαιμονίοις μέν ποτε.. ἀντήρατε,.. νυνὶ δὲ ὀκνεῖτ' ἐξιέναι (for εἰ.. ἀντάραντες νυνὶ ὀκνεῖτε) D.2.24, cf. E.IT 116, Lys.34.11, X.Mem.2.7.11, etc.: so in an anacoluthon, τρία μὲν ὄντα.. ναυτικά.., τούτων δ' εἰ περιόψεσθε τὰ δύο, κτλ., Th.1.36.

6 μέν is not always answered by δέ, but freq. by other equiv. Particles, as ἀλλά, Il.1.22 sq., 2.703 sq., Pi.O.9.1, A.Pers. 176, X.An.1.7.17:—by μέντοι, Hdt.1.36, S.Ph. 350, D.21.189, etc.:—by ἀτάρ, Il.6.84, 124, A.Pr. 342, S.OT 1051sq., Pl. Tht. 172c, etc. (so μέν.., αὐτάρ in [dialect] Ep., Il.1.50, Od.19.513, etc.):— by αὖ, Il.11.108, Od.4.210:—by αὖθις, S.Ant. 165:—by αὖτε, Il.1.234, Od.22.5:—by temporal Particles, πρῶτα μέν.., εἶτα .. S.El. 261; πρῶτον μέν.., μετὰ τοῦτο .. X.An.6.1.5-7; μάλιστα μὲν δὴ.., ἔπειτα μέντοι .. S.Ph. 350, cf. OT 647:—rarely by μήν with neg.,

οὐδὲν μὴν κωλύει Pl.Phdr. 268e

;

οὐ μὴν αὐταί γε Id.Phlb. 12d

.

b when the opposition is emphatic, δέ is sts. strengthd., as ὅμως δέ .. S.OT 785, Ph. 473, 1074, etc. (so

ἀλλ' ὅμως El. 450

); δ' αὖ .. Il.4.415, X.An.1.10.5; δ' ἔμπης .. Il.1.561-2.

c μέν is sts. answered by a copul. Particle, κάρτιστοι μὲν ἔσαν καὶ καρτίστοις ἐμάχοντο ib. 267, cf. 459, Od. 22.475, S.Aj.1, Tr. 689, E.Med. 125 (anap.), etc.: rarely in Prose,

τρία μὲν ἔτη ἀντεῖχον.., καὶ οὐ πρότερον ἐνέδοσαν Th.2.65

(dub.).

B μέν before other Particles:

I where each Particle retains its force,

1 μὲν ἄρα, in Hom. μέν ῥα, Il.2.1, 6.312, Od.1.127, Pl. Phdr. 258d, R. 467d, etc.

2

μὲν γάρ S.OT62

, Th.1.142, etc.:— in Hom. there is freq. no second clause, Od.1.173, 392, cf. S.OT 1062, etc.;

μὲν γὰρ δή Il.11.825

;

μὲν γάρ τε 17.727

.

3 μέν γε, when a general statement is explained in detail,

Κορινθίοις μέν γε ἔνσπονδοί ἐστε Th.1.40

, cf. 70, 6.86, Hdt.6.46, Antipho 5.14, Lys. 13.27, Is.4.8, Ar.Nu. 1382, V. 564, E.Fr.909.4.

4

μὲν δή Il.1.514

, Hdt.1.32, etc.: freq. used to express positive certainty,

ἀλλ' οἶσθα μὲν δή S. Tr. 627

, cf. OT 294;

τὰ μὲν δὴ τόξ' ἔχεις Id.Ph. 1308

; esp. as a conclusion,

τοῦτο μὲν δὴ.. ὁμολογεῖται Pl.Grg. 470b

, cf. X.Cyr.1.1.6, etc.: in closing a statement,

τοιαῦτα μὲν δὴ ταῦτα A.Pr. 500

, etc.: used in answers to convey full assent, ἦ μὲν δή (cf. supr. A) Il.9.348, Od.4.33;

καὶ μὲν δή.. γε Pl.R. 409b

; οὐ μὲν δή, to deny positively, Il.8.238, X.Cyr.1.6.9, Pl.Tht. 148e, etc.;

οὐ μὲν δή.. γε X.An.2.2.3

, 3.2.14; ἀλλ' οὔ τι μὲν δή .. Pl.Tht. 187a.

5 μὲν οὖν, v. infr.11.2.

II where the Particles combine so as to form a new sense,

1 μέν γε at all events, at any rate (not in Trag.),

τοῦτο μέν γ' ἤδη σαφές Ar.Ach. 154

, cf. Nu. 1172, Lys. 1165, Ra.80, Th.3.39;

μέν γέ που Pl.R. 559b

, Tht. 147a.

2 μὲν οὖν is freq. used with a corresponding δέ, so that each Particle retains its force, Od.4.780, Pi.O.1.111, S.OT 244, 843; Ph. 359, D.2.5, etc.: but freq. also abs., so then, S.Ant.65;

ταῦτα μὲν οὖν παραλείψω D.2.3

; esp. in replies, sts. in strong affirmation,

παντάπασι μὲν οὖν Pl.Tht. 158d

; κομιδῇ μὲν οὖν ib. 159e; πάνυ μὲν οὖν ib. 159b; ἀνάγκη μὲν οὖν ib. 189e; also to substitute a new statement so as to correct a preceding statement, nay rather, κακοδαίμων; Answ. βαρυδαίμων μὲν οὖν! Ar.Ec. 1102; μου πρὸς τὴν κεφαλὴν ἀποψῶ wipe your nose on my head: Answ. ἐμοῦ μὲν οὖν .. nay on mine, Id.Eq. 911, cf. A.Pers. 1032 (lyr.), Ag. 1090 (lyr.), 1396, S.Aj. 1363, El. 1503, OT 705, Ar.Ra. 241, Pl.Cri. 44b, Grg. 466a, 470b, Prt. 309d, etc.; also

μὲν οὖν δή S.Tr. 153

;

καὶ δὴ μὲν οὖν Id.OC31

; cf. οὐμενοῦν: in NT μενοῦν and μενοῦνγε, to begin a sentence, yea rather, Ev.Luc.11.28, Ep.Rom.9.20, etc., cf. Phryn.322, Hsch.—In [dialect] Ion., μέν νυν is used for μὲν οὖν, Hdt.1.18, 4.145, etc.

3 by μέν τε, if δέ τε follows, the two clauses are more closely combined than by τε.., τε .., Il.5.139, al.; μέν τε is freq. answered by δέ alone, 16.28, al.; by ἀλλά, αὐτάρ, 17.727, Od.1.215, al.; perh. by ἠδέ, Il.4.341:— Hom. also uses μέν τε abs., when τε loses its force, as after ἦ, τίς, etc., Il.2.145, al.

4 μέν τοι in Hom. always occurs in speeches, where τοι can be regarded as the dat. of the Pron.: later, μέντοι is written as a single word, and is used:

a with a conj. force, yet, nevertheless, A.Pr. 320, 1054 (anap.), S.Tr. 413, etc.; and sts. stands for δέ, answering to μέν, v. supr. A.11.6 a.

b as an Adv., in strong protestations, οὐ μέντοι μὰ Δία .. D.4.49; in eager or positive assent, of course, φαμέν τι εἶναι .. ; Answ.

φαμὲν μέντοι νὴ Δία Pl.Phd. 65d

, al.: with a neg. to give emphasis to a question, οὐ σὺ μέντοι .. ; why, are you not.. ? Id.Prt. 309a, cf. Phdr. 229b, R. 339b, etc.: sts. to express impatience, ὄμνυμι γάρ σοι—τίνα μέντοι, τίνα θεῶν; Id.Phdr. 236d; τί μ. πρῶτον ἦν, τί πρῶτον ἦν; nay what was the first? Ar.Nu. 787;

οὗτος, σὲ λέγω μ. Id.Ra. 171

; σὺ μέντοι .. Luc.Alex.44: with imper., to enforce the command, τουτὶ μ. σὺ φυλάττου only take heed.., Ar. Pax 1100, cf.Av. 661, X.An.1.4.8: in answers, γελοῖον μέντἂν εἴη nay it would be absurd, Pl.Tht. 158e; summing up a long temporal clause, And.1.130.

c

μέντοι γε X.Cyr.5.5.24

, etc.;

οὐ μ. γε Diog.Apoll.5

: in later Gr. μέντοιγε stands first in the sentence,

μ. οὐ θέλω PLond.3.897.13

(i A.D.); also

γε μέντοι A.Ag. 938

, S.OT 778, 1292, E.Hec. 600;

ὅμως γε μ. Ar.Ra.61

.

d καὶ μ. καί is used to add a point to be noted, Heraclit.28, Pl.R. 331d; also καί.. μ., νῦν σοι καιρός ἐστιν ἐπιδείξασθαι τὴν παιδείαν, καὶ φυλάξασθαι μέντοι .. and of course to take care.., X.An.4.6.15 (v.l.), cf. 1.8.20, Pl.Prt. 339c, Tht. 143a.

e ἀλλὰ μέντοι well, if it comes to that, X.An.4.6.16; well, of course, Pl.R. 331e, etc.; cf. μέντον.

C for μέν after other Particles, see each Particle.

D Position of μέν. Like δέ, it usu. stands as the second word in a sentence. But when a sentence begins with words common to its subordinate clauses, μέν stands second in the first of these clauses, as

ἥδε γὰρ γυνὴ δούλη μέν, εἴρηκεν δ' ἐλεύθερον λόγον S.Tr.63

; οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐτάξαντο μέν.., ἡσύχαζον δέ .. Th.4.73, cf. 113, etc. It also attaches itself to words which mark opposition, as πρῶτον μέν, τότε μέν, ἐγὼ μέν, even when these do not stand first: sts. however it precedes them,

ὡς μὲν ἐγὼ οἶμαι Pl.Phdr. 228b

;

ὡς μέν τινες ἔφασαν X.Cyr.5.2.28

. It generally stands between the Art. and Noun, or the Prep. and its Case: but if special stress is laid on the Noun, this is sts. neglected, as

οἱ Τεγεᾶται μὲν ἐπηυλίσαντο, Μαντινῆς δὲ ἀπεχώρησαν Th.4.134

; ἀνὰ τὸ σκοτεινὸν μέν .. Id.3.22; also

τῇ σῇ μὲν εὐδαιμονίῃ, τῇ ἐμεωυτοῦ δὲ κακοδαιμονίῃ Hdt. 1.87

.

II μέν is freq. repeated:

1 when, besides the opposition of two main clauses, a subordinate opposition is introduced into the first, ὁ μὲν ἀνὴρ τοιαῦτα μὲν πεποίηκε τοιαῦτα δὲ λέγει, ὑμῶν δέ .. X.An.1.6.9, cf. 5.8.24, Th.8.104, D.18.214, 23.208.

2 in apodosi with the demonstr. Pron. or Adv., τὸν μὲν καλέουσι θέρος, τοῦτον μὲν προσκυνέουσι, τὸν δὲ χειμῶνα .. Hdt.2.121; ὅσοι μὲν δὴ νομοῦ τοῦ Θηβαίου εἰσί, οὗτοι μέν [νυν].. αἶγας θύουσι· ὅσοι δὲ.. νομοῦ τοῦ Μενδησίου εἰσί, οὗτοι δὲ.. ὄϊς θύουσι ib.42, cf.3.108, al.; ὅτε μέν με οἱ ἄρχοντες ἔταττον.., τότε μὲν ἔμενον.., τοῦ δὲ θεοῦ τάττοντος,.. ἐνταῦθα δέ .. Pl.Ap. 28e, cf. Grg. 512a.

3 μέν used absolutely is freq. folld. by a correlative

μέν, εἰ μὲν οὖν ἡμεῖς μὲν.. ποιοῦμεν Id.R. 421a

.

III μέν is sts. omitted (esp. in Poetry) where it is implied in the following

δέ, φεύγων, ὁ δ' ὄπισθε διώκων Il.22.157

;

ἐλευθεροῦτε πατρίδ', ἐλευθεροῦτε δὲ παῖδας A. Pers. 403

;

σφραγῖδε.. χρυσοῦν ἔχουσα τὸν δακτύλιον, ἡ δ' ἑτέρα ἀργυροῦν IG22.1388.45

, cf. Ar.Nu. 396, Pl.Sph. 221e, Arist.Po. 1447b14, etc.

( sth. unpleasant, and often unexpected, might happen) momentarily (its reason is often specified in the preceding context): (one may or will do sth. ( sth. may happen, it looks as if sth. will happen)) any minute now ((at) any minute, (at) any moment, before you (we etc) know it)

• ТОГО И ГЛЯДИ <ЖДИ, СМОТРИ>; ТОГО ГЛЯДИall coll

[Particle; fixed WO]

=====

⇒ (sth. unpleasant, and often unexpected, might happen) momentarily (its reason is often specified in the preceding context):

- (one may or will do sth. < sth. may happen, it looks as if sth. will happen>) any minute now <(at) any minute, (at) any moment, before you <we etc> know it>;

- (the) next thing you know (sth. will happen);

- you can never < never can> tell when you < s.o., sth.> might...;

- [in limited contexts] if one doesn't watch out;

- unless one watches out;

- if one isn't careful;

- one has to be careful (not to...).

     ♦ "Ишь ты, месяц-то, как вертухай на стене, - усмехнулся Саня. - Того и гляди пальнёт!" (Аксёнов 6). "Say, look at that moon, like a guard on a prison wall," said Sanya, laughing. "Any minute now it'll open fire on us" (6a).

     ♦ "... Я тебе за эти же деньги не только продам рощу, но буду и сторожить её до твоего приезда. А то сейчас самый сезон. Того и гляди налетят греки и армяне, и от твоих каштанов ничего не останется" (Искандер 3). "For that price, not only will I sell you the grove, I'll guard it till you come back. Besides, this is the height of the season. Any minute the Greeks and Armenians will descend on it, and there'll be nothing left of your chestnuts" (3a).

     ♦ И так он чувствовал, что мигает чаще и чаще, и вот того и гляди брызнут слёзы (Гончаров 1). He felt that he was blinking more and more and that any moment tears would start in his eyes (1a).

     ♦ [Лебедев:] Столько, брат, про тебя по уезду сплетен ходит, что того и гляди к тебе товарищ прокурора приедет... (Чехов 4). [L.:] There's so much gossip going around about you that before you know it, my boy, the assistant prosecutor will be dropping in on you... (4a).

     ♦ "...Избиратели недовольны, некоторые город покидают, идёт брожение, того и гляди начнутся самосуды, окружная администрация бездействует..." (Стругацкие 1). "The voters are dissatisfied, some of them have left, there are rumblings, the next thing you know there'll be lynchings, and the district administration does nothing" (1a).

     ♦ "...Чего ты боишься?" - "Как чего боюсь, батюшка Кирила Петрович, а Дубровского-то; того и гляди попадёшься ему в лапы" (Пушкин 1). "What are you afraid of?" "What indeed, dear sir Kirila Petrovich! Dubrovskii, that's what! You can never tell when you might fall into his clutches" (1a).

     ♦ "Землишка маленькая, мужик ленив, работать не любит, думает, как бы в кабак... того и гляди, пойдёшь на старости лет по миру!" (Гоголь 3). "I have only a very small piece of land here, the peasants are lazy-they don't like to work and all they think about is drinking....So if I don't watch out, I'll be forced to go begging in my old age" (3e).

• ТОГО И ГЛЯДИ <ЖДИ, СМОТРИ>; ТОГО ГЛЯДИall coll

[Particle; fixed WO]

=====

⇒ (sth. unpleasant, and often unexpected, might happen) momentarily (its reason is often specified in the preceding context):

- (one may or will do sth. < sth. may happen, it looks as if sth. will happen>) any minute now <(at) any minute, (at) any moment, before you <we etc> know it>;

- (the) next thing you know (sth. will happen);

- you can never < never can> tell when you < s.o., sth.> might...;

- [in limited contexts] if one doesn't watch out;

- unless one watches out;

- if one isn't careful;

- one has to be careful (not to...).

     ♦ "Ишь ты, месяц-то, как вертухай на стене, - усмехнулся Саня. - Того и гляди пальнёт!" (Аксёнов 6). "Say, look at that moon, like a guard on a prison wall," said Sanya, laughing. "Any minute now it'll open fire on us" (6a).

     ♦ "... Я тебе за эти же деньги не только продам рощу, но буду и сторожить её до твоего приезда. А то сейчас самый сезон. Того и гляди налетят греки и армяне, и от твоих каштанов ничего не останется" (Искандер 3). "For that price, not only will I sell you the grove, I'll guard it till you come back. Besides, this is the height of the season. Any minute the Greeks and Armenians will descend on it, and there'll be nothing left of your chestnuts" (3a).

     ♦ И так он чувствовал, что мигает чаще и чаще, и вот того и гляди брызнут слёзы (Гончаров 1). He felt that he was blinking more and more and that any moment tears would start in his eyes (1a).

     ♦ [Лебедев:] Столько, брат, про тебя по уезду сплетен ходит, что того и гляди к тебе товарищ прокурора приедет... (Чехов 4). [L.:] There's so much gossip going around about you that before you know it, my boy, the assistant prosecutor will be dropping in on you... (4a).

     ♦ "...Избиратели недовольны, некоторые город покидают, идёт брожение, того и гляди начнутся самосуды, окружная администрация бездействует..." (Стругацкие 1). "The voters are dissatisfied, some of them have left, there are rumblings, the next thing you know there'll be lynchings, and the district administration does nothing" (1a).

     ♦ "...Чего ты боишься?" - "Как чего боюсь, батюшка Кирила Петрович, а Дубровского-то; того и гляди попадёшься ему в лапы" (Пушкин 1). "What are you afraid of?" "What indeed, dear sir Kirila Petrovich! Dubrovskii, that's what! You can never tell when you might fall into his clutches" (1a).

     ♦ "Землишка маленькая, мужик ленив, работать не любит, думает, как бы в кабак... того и гляди, пойдёшь на старости лет по миру!" (Гоголь 3). "I have only a very small piece of land here, the peasants are lazy-they don't like to work and all they think about is drinking....So if I don't watch out, I'll be forced to go begging in my old age" (3e).

• ТОГО И ГЛЯДИ <ЖДИ, СМОТРИ>; ТОГО ГЛЯДИall coll

[Particle; fixed WO]

=====

⇒ (sth. unpleasant, and often unexpected, might happen) momentarily (its reason is often specified in the preceding context):

- (one may or will do sth. < sth. may happen, it looks as if sth. will happen>) any minute now <(at) any minute, (at) any moment, before you <we etc> know it>;

- (the) next thing you know (sth. will happen);

- you can never < never can> tell when you < s.o., sth.> might...;

- [in limited contexts] if one doesn't watch out;

- unless one watches out;

- if one isn't careful;

- one has to be careful (not to...).

     ♦ "Ишь ты, месяц-то, как вертухай на стене, - усмехнулся Саня. - Того и гляди пальнёт!" (Аксёнов 6). "Say, look at that moon, like a guard on a prison wall," said Sanya, laughing. "Any minute now it'll open fire on us" (6a).

     ♦ "... Я тебе за эти же деньги не только продам рощу, но буду и сторожить её до твоего приезда. А то сейчас самый сезон. Того и гляди налетят греки и армяне, и от твоих каштанов ничего не останется" (Искандер 3). "For that price, not only will I sell you the grove, I'll guard it till you come back. Besides, this is the height of the season. Any minute the Greeks and Armenians will descend on it, and there'll be nothing left of your chestnuts" (3a).

     ♦ И так он чувствовал, что мигает чаще и чаще, и вот того и гляди брызнут слёзы (Гончаров 1). He felt that he was blinking more and more and that any moment tears would start in his eyes (1a).

     ♦ [Лебедев:] Столько, брат, про тебя по уезду сплетен ходит, что того и гляди к тебе товарищ прокурора приедет... (Чехов 4). [L.:] There's so much gossip going around about you that before you know it, my boy, the assistant prosecutor will be dropping in on you... (4a).

     ♦ "...Избиратели недовольны, некоторые город покидают, идёт брожение, того и гляди начнутся самосуды, окружная администрация бездействует..." (Стругацкие 1). "The voters are dissatisfied, some of them have left, there are rumblings, the next thing you know there'll be lynchings, and the district administration does nothing" (1a).

     ♦ "...Чего ты боишься?" - "Как чего боюсь, батюшка Кирила Петрович, а Дубровского-то; того и гляди попадёшься ему в лапы" (Пушкин 1). "What are you afraid of?" "What indeed, dear sir Kirila Petrovich! Dubrovskii, that's what! You can never tell when you might fall into his clutches" (1a).

     ♦ "Землишка маленькая, мужик ленив, работать не любит, думает, как бы в кабак... того и гляди, пойдёшь на старости лет по миру!" (Гоголь 3). "I have only a very small piece of land here, the peasants are lazy-they don't like to work and all they think about is drinking....So if I don't watch out, I'll be forced to go begging in my old age" (3e).

• ТОГО И ГЛЯДИ <ЖДИ, СМОТРИ>; ТОГО ГЛЯДИall coll

[Particle; fixed WO]

=====

⇒ (sth. unpleasant, and often unexpected, might happen) momentarily (its reason is often specified in the preceding context):

- (one may or will do sth. < sth. may happen, it looks as if sth. will happen>) any minute now <(at) any minute, (at) any moment, before you <we etc> know it>;

- (the) next thing you know (sth. will happen);

- you can never < never can> tell when you < s.o., sth.> might...;

- [in limited contexts] if one doesn't watch out;

- unless one watches out;

- if one isn't careful;

- one has to be careful (not to...).

     ♦ "Ишь ты, месяц-то, как вертухай на стене, - усмехнулся Саня. - Того и гляди пальнёт!" (Аксёнов 6). "Say, look at that moon, like a guard on a prison wall," said Sanya, laughing. "Any minute now it'll open fire on us" (6a).

     ♦ "... Я тебе за эти же деньги не только продам рощу, но буду и сторожить её до твоего приезда. А то сейчас самый сезон. Того и гляди налетят греки и армяне, и от твоих каштанов ничего не останется" (Искандер 3). "For that price, not only will I sell you the grove, I'll guard it till you come back. Besides, this is the height of the season. Any minute the Greeks and Armenians will descend on it, and there'll be nothing left of your chestnuts" (3a).

     ♦ И так он чувствовал, что мигает чаще и чаще, и вот того и гляди брызнут слёзы (Гончаров 1). He felt that he was blinking more and more and that any moment tears would start in his eyes (1a).

     ♦ [Лебедев:] Столько, брат, про тебя по уезду сплетен ходит, что того и гляди к тебе товарищ прокурора приедет... (Чехов 4). [L.:] There's so much gossip going around about you that before you know it, my boy, the assistant prosecutor will be dropping in on you... (4a).

     ♦ "...Избиратели недовольны, некоторые город покидают, идёт брожение, того и гляди начнутся самосуды, окружная администрация бездействует..." (Стругацкие 1). "The voters are dissatisfied, some of them have left, there are rumblings, the next thing you know there'll be lynchings, and the district administration does nothing" (1a).

     ♦ "...Чего ты боишься?" - "Как чего боюсь, батюшка Кирила Петрович, а Дубровского-то; того и гляди попадёшься ему в лапы" (Пушкин 1). "What are you afraid of?" "What indeed, dear sir Kirila Petrovich! Dubrovskii, that's what! You can never tell when you might fall into his clutches" (1a).

     ♦ "Землишка маленькая, мужик ленив, работать не любит, думает, как бы в кабак... того и гляди, пойдёшь на старости лет по миру!" (Гоголь 3). "I have only a very small piece of land here, the peasants are lazy-they don't like to work and all they think about is drinking....So if I don't watch out, I'll be forced to go begging in my old age" (3e).

ultrā, adv. and prep. [ulter].

Prop., on the other side:

dextera nec citra mota nec ultra,

neither on that side nor on this, neither backwards nor forwards, Ov. M. 5, 186.—

Transf., in gen., beyond, farther, over, more, besides; of space (rare): ultra procedendi facultas, Auct. B. Afr. 50, 3.—

Of time, degree, etc.:

estne aliquid ultra, quo progredi crudelitas possit?

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 45, § 119:

ne quid ultra requiratis,

id. Univ. 3:

ut nihil possit ultra,

id. Att. 15, 1, B, 2:

quia ultra nihil habemus,

id. Tusc. 1, 39, 94:

melius ultra quam citra stat oratio,

Quint. 8, 6, 76; 3, 1, 9:

quid ultra Provehor?

Verg. A. 3, 480:

jam nihil ultra exspectantibus,

Quint. 9, 4, 30; cf. id. 7, 1, 59: eam (mortem) cuncta mortalium mala dissolvere;

ultra neque curae neque gaudio locum esse,

Sall. C. 51, 20:

hac tempestate serviundum aut imperandum... nam quid ultra? id. Or. Lepid. contra Sull. 5: nullum ultra periculum vererentur,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 39:

quos alios muros, quae jam ultra moenia habetis?

Verg. A. 9, 782.—Of time:

usque ad Attium et ultra porrectas syllabas geminis vocalibus scripserunt,

farther, later, Quint. 1, 7, 14:

nec ultra bellum Latinum dilatum,

Liv. 2, 19, 2.—

Esp., on account of its comparative sense, freq. followed by quam:

ultra enim quo progrediar, quam ut veri videam similia, non habeo,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 17:

ultra quam homini datum est provehi,

Quint. 6, prooem. §

10: ultra quam satis est,

Cic. Inv. 1, 49, 91; 1, 18, 26; Quint. 12, 7, 12:

ultra quam oporteat,

id. 2, 4. 7;

2, 5, 24: ultra quam ullus spiritus durare possit,

id. 8, 2, 17; Liv. 40, 30, 5:

nec ultra moratus, quam, etc.,

Tac. A. 6, 44.—

Comp.: ultĕrĭus, in the signif. of the posit., beyond, farther on, farther (mostly poet.; in prose rare and only postAug.).

= ultra, cum quo Riphaeos possim conscendere montes Ulteriusque domo vadere Memnoniā, Prop. 1, 6, 4:

abire,

Ov. M. 2, 872:

ulterius nihil est, nisi non habitabile frigus,

id. Tr. 3, 4, 51.—

Transf., = longius or amplius;

procedere,

Quint. 5, 11, 34:

ulterius ne tende odiis,

Verg. A. 12, 938:

si me ulterius provexerit ira,

Prop. 2, 15 (3, 7), 19:

revocavit me cogitationi aptae traditum, et iturum, si licuisset, ulterius,

Sen. Ep. 102, 1:

robur ulterius adversus eam saeviendi gentem,

Val. Max. 1, 1, 15:

nec ulterius dare corpus inutile leto Aut vacat aut curat,

farther, longer, more, Ov. M. 12, 344:

non tulit ulterius,

id. ib. 3, 487:

rogabat Ulterius justo,

beyond what was right, more than was right, id. ib. 6, 470.—

Sup.: ultĭmē.

Extremely, to the last degree:

nudam flagris ultime verberat,

App. M. 10, p. 250, 33:

affectus,

id. ib. 1, p. 105, 22.—

At last, Sen. Ep. 76, 22 (dub.; al. ultimum).

Prep. with acc., on the farther side of, beyond, past:

cis Padum ultraque,

Liv. 5, 35, 4:

ultra Silianam villam,

Cic. Att. 12, 27, 1:

milibus passuum II. ultra eum (montem) castra fecit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 48; 1, 49; id. B. C. 3, 26; 3, 66:

ultra Terminum,

Hor. C. 1, 22, 10:

dextra paulum prolata ultra sinum,

Quint. 11, 3, 159; cf. id. ib. §

118.— Placed after the noun: sunt certi denique fines, Quos ultra citraque nequit consistere rectum,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 107:

portas ultra procedere,

Prop. 4 (5), 7, 29:

Euphratem ultra,

Tac. A. 15, 17 fin. —

Transf.

Of time, beyond, past, longer than:

(Gorgias) et illorum fuit aemulus ut ultra Socratem usque duravit,

Quint. 3, 1, 9:

non durat ultra poenam abdicationis,

id. 9, 2, 88: ultra rudes annos, id. 1, 1, 20:

ultra pueriles annos,

id. 1, 11, 19.—

Of number, measure, degree, quality, etc., beyond, above, over, more than, = supra:

paulo ultra eum numerum, Auct. B. Alex. 21: non ultra heminam aquae assumere,

Cels. 4, 2, 4 fin.:

adhibent modum quendam, quem ultra progredi non oporteat,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 17, 38:

ultra fidem,

Quint. 8, 6, 73:

modum,

id. 10, 3, 32; 11, 1, 90:

quid est ultra pignus aut multam?

Cic. Phil. 1, 5, 12: ultra Romanorum et mortalium etiam morem aliquem curare, Sall. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 2, 9:

juvenis ultra barbarum, promptus ingenio,

Vell. 2, 118, 2:

Maecenas otio ac mollitiis paene ultra feminam fluens,

id. 2, 88, 2:

si mortalis ultra Fas trepidat,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 31:

ultra Legem tendere opus,

id. S. 2, 1, 1:

vires ultra sortemque senectae,

Verg. A. 6, 114:

si ultra placitum laudarit,

id. E. 7, 27.

(1898-1958)

   Comic stage, film, and radio actor of the golden age of Lisbon musical review theater. Although he studied architecture in Lisbon, Santana quickly became a celebrated, popular actor in light theater, especially in Lisbon reviews, comedies, and operettas. In radio, he became known for his zany depiction of a 1940s cartoon character. For decades, Santana was the most popular comic figure in the Theater of Review in Lisbon. With his signature squat corpulence, his quick comic moves, and rough voice, charismatic Santana was the most beloved of comic actors of his day. Besides his many contributions to stage and radio, he had an important career as a comic actor in film. Most of his more famous roles were in classic 1930s and 1940s films, including one of the earliest talkies in Portugal, A Canção de Lisboa (Song of Lisbon, 1933).

   Long revered by his public but also by colleagues, Santana's fame underwent a revival after 1974. One sign of this revival was the unexpected popularity of a colleague's memoirs, a best-selling book by the actress, Beatriz Costa, known for her Clara Bow look, in the late 1970s. The clever title was both sentimental and biting: When the Vascos Were Santanas and More ( Quando Os Vascos Eram San-tanas E Não Só). The "Vasco" of recent, revolutionary politics was the soldier-politician, Vasco Gonçalves, in contrast to the beloved "Vasco Santana" of an earlier golden age of comedy. New generations of performers continue to be inspired by the late actor's distinctive legacy of light-hearted mirth.

    See also Cinema.

उपरि ind.

1 As a separable preposition (usually with gen., rarely with acc. or loc.) it means (a) Above, over, upon, on, towards; (opp. अधः) (with gen.); गतमुपरि घनानाम् Ś.7.7; अवाङ्मुखस्योपरि वृष्टिः पपात R.2.6; अर्कस्योपरि Ś.2.9; प्रासादानाम् Māl.7.5; U.5.2; Śi.16. 9.12.37; so ˚स्थापनम्, ˚स्थित &c.; with loc. उपर्येव स लङ्कायाम् Rām.; or acc. यन्त्राण्युपरि यन्त्राणि ibid. oft. at the end of comp.; रथ˚, तरुवर˚, तद्˚. (b) At the end of, at the head of; सर्वानन्दानामुपरि वर्तमाना K.158. (c) Beyond, in addition to; पणस्योपरि संस्थाप्य व्ययम् Y.2.253; भुक्तस्यो- परि Suśr. (d) In connection with, with regard to, towards, upon; परस्परस्योपरि पर्यचीयत R.3.24; Śānti. 3.23; तस्योपरि क्रुद्धः, ममोपरि दुष्टबुद्धिः &c.; तवोपरि प्रायोपवेशनं करिष्यामि on your account. (e) After; मुहूर्तादुपरि उपाध्याय- श्चेदागच्छेत् P.III.3.9 Sk. उपरि joined to उपरि (with acc. or gen. or by itself) means (a) Just above; लोकानुपर्युपर्यास्ते माधवः Vop. (b) higher and higher, far high, high above; उपर्युपरि सर्वेषामादित्य इव तेजसा Mb.

-2 (As a separable adverb) It means (a) high above, upon, towards the upper side of (opp. अधः); त्रिदशा- न्विनिहत्याशु स्वयं स्थास्याम्यथोपरि Rām.7.29.6. उपर्युपरि पश्यन्तः सर्व एव दरिद्रति H.2.2; so उपरि या; ˚स्थापन, ˚स्थित &c.; oft. in com. स्वमुद्रोपरिचिह्नितम् Y.1.319. (b) Besides, in addition, further, more; शतान्युपरि चैवाष्टौ तथा भूयश्च सप्ततिः Mb. (c) Afterwards; यदा पूर्वं नासीदुपरि च तया नैव भविता Śānti.2.7; सर्पिः पीत्वोपरि पयः पिबेत् Suśr.; उपर्युपरि more and more, repeatedly, continuously. [cf. Zend upairi, upara; Gr. huper; L. super; Old Germ. obar; Germ. uber; Eng. over; Hind. upar].

-Comp. -आसनम् sitting on high.

-करः A tax paid by temporary tenants.

-काण्डम् The third division of the Maitrāyaṇī Saṁhitā.

-गत a. gone up, ascended.

-चर a. moving above (as a bird).

-रः N. of the king Vasu.

-चित a. piled over or above.

-ज a. produced above, elevated, high.

-तन, स्थ a. upper, higher.

-तलम् Upper part; उपरितलनिपातितेष्टकः Mk.3.22.

-प्रुत a. Ved. coming from above; Vāj.7.3.

-बुध्न a. Ved. raised above the ground; Rv.1.73.8.

-बृहती A variety of बृहती metre.

-भागः the upper portion or side.

-भावः being above or higher.

-भूमिः f. the ground above.

-मर्त्यम् ind. Ved. above men; अवो देवमुपरि- मर्त्यं कृधि Rv.8.19.12.

-शयनम् a place of rest. यदु- परिशयनमाहरन्ति स्वर्गमेव तेन लोकमवरुन्द्धे Av.9.6.9.

-श्रेणिक a. being in the upper line or series.

-ष्ठ (स्थ) a. Above, staying up; पर्वतस्योपरिष्ठस्य कर्मेदं कस्यचिद्भवेत् Rām.7.16. 5.

-सद् a. lying or sitting above; Vāj.9.35. (m.) a class of gods.

-सद्यम् sitting above.

-स्थायिन् a. Standing higher, prominent.

-स्पृश् Reaching above, ele- vated; वसवो रुद्रा आदित्या उपरिस्पृशम् Rv.1.128.9.

-कः A provincial governor.

SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines

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Newcomen was probably born at a house on the quay at Dartmouth, Devon, England, the son of Elias Newcomen and Sarah Trenhale. Nothing is known of his education, and there is only dubious evidence of his apprenticeship to an ironmonger in Exeter. He returned to Dartmouth and established himself there as an "ironmonger". The term "ironmonger" at that time meant more than a dealer in ironmongery: a skilled craftsman working in iron, nearer to today's "blacksmith". In this venture he had a partner, John Calley or Caley, who was a plumber and glazier. Besides running his business in Dartmouth, it is evident that Newcomen spent a good deal of time travelling round the mines of Devon and Cornwall in search of business.

Eighteenth-century writers and others found it impossible to believe that a provincial ironmonger could have invented the steam-engine, the concept of which had occupied the best scientific brains in Europe, and postulated a connection between Newcomen and Savery or Papin, but scholars in recent years have failed to find any evidence of this. Certainly Savery was in Dartmouth at the same time as Newcomen but there is nothing to indicate that they met, although it is possible. The most recent biographer of Thomas Newcomen is of the opinion that he was aware of Savery and his work, that the two men had met by 1705 and that, although Newcomen could have taken out his own patent, he could not have operated his own engines without infringing Savery's patent. In the event, they came to an agreement by which Newcomen was enabled to sell his engines under Savery's patent.

The first recorded Newcomen engine is dated 1712, although this may have been preceded by a good number of test engines built at Dartmouth, possibly following a number of models. Over one hundred engines were built to Newcomen's design during his lifetime, with the first engine being installed at the Griff Colliery near Dudley Castle in Staffordshire.

On the death of Thomas Savery, on 15 May 1715, a new company, the Proprietors of the Engine Patent, was formed to carry on the business. The Company was represented by Edward Elliot, "who attended the Sword Blade Coffee House in Birchin Lane, London, between 3 and 5 o'clock to receive enquiries and to act as a contact for the committee". Newcomen was, of course, a member of the Proprietors.

A staunch Baptist, Newcomen married Hannah Waymouth, who bore him two sons and a daughter. He died, it is said of a fever, in London on 5 August 1729 and was buried at Bunhill Fields.

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and much/many more besides

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= and so on, and so on...

Ex. They'll tell two friends... and they'll tell two friends... and so on, and so on....

* * *

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to strip off (the armour), to take away, to rob, to plunder, to seize'(Hom., IA.).

Other forms: (El. opt. συλαίη), aor. συλῆσαι etc., also w. ἀπο- a.o. (Il.), ep. pres. also - εύω (cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 368; not from συλεύς; s.bel.), - έω (Delph., Theoc. a.o.; also Pi.? s. Forssman Unt. 157f.)

Dialectal forms: On the debated Myc. surase, surate s. Morpurgo Lex. s. vv. w. lit.

Compounds: Compound: θεο-σύλης m. = θεῶν συλήτωρ (Alc. a.o.; Peek Phil. 100, 23), ἱερό-συλος m. `temple-robber' with - έω, - ία (Att.). Compp. συλ-αγωγέω `to carry away as booty' (Ep. Col. a.o.), ἄ-συλος `one who cannot be distrained, invulnerable, safe', τὸ ἄ. `fenced territory, refuge', with ἀσυλ-ία f. `safety from distraint, invulnerability' a.o. (Parm., A., E., Pl., inscr. etc.).

Derivatives: συλ-ήτωρ m. `plunderer' (A., Nonn.), f. - ήτειρα (E. in lyr.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 22f.), - ησις f. `plunder' (S., Pl. a.o.), - ητικός `related to plunder' (hell. inscr.), - ητής (gloss.). -- Besides σῦλα n., σῦλαι f. pl., rarely - ον, -η sg., `captured shipload, booty' (Samos VI^a, Locr. V^a, Str.), Att. `right of seizure of a ship or its cargo, right of distraint' (D., Arist.). From σῦλα or συλάω (- έω, - εύω) συλεύς m. `plunderer' (GDI 2516, Delph. III^a; cf. ad loc.), also as mythical PN (Bosshardt 123). On Συλο- and - συλος in PN also Masson Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 16, 166 ff.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Against the most obvious and hard to reject assumption, that συλάω is derived from σῦλα, σῦλαι, speaks a little the later and more rare attestation of the nouns. In any case the Att. meaning `right of seizure' must be secondary and cannot be separated from ἄ-συλος. Whether ἄσυλος from συλάω (beside ἀ-σύλητος [E. a.o.] like ἄτιμος: ἀτίμητος) = `who may not be taken away or be robbed', i.e. `unviolable', to which σῦλα, - αι `right of seizure'? -- No certain etymology. The similarity between σῦλα, - άω and σκῦλα is long since observed (Curtius 169, Buttmann Lexil. 2, 264) and provoked diff. attempts at explanation: variation σκ-: ξ-: σ- (Schwyzer 329, Sánchez Ruipérez Emer. 15, 67 f.); σκῦλον secondary after σκῦτος (Pisani Sprache 5, 143 ff.). After Pisani σῦλα comes with Lat. spolia from Lydian; cf. Σάρδεις: OPers. Sparda-, also Arm. sunk: σπόγγος. On ἐσσύλλα ἀφῄρει κτλ. H. (adduced by P. with earlier investigators) one cannot trust (alphabet. wrong); ὑλᾶται ἐστερήθη, ἀπέθανεν H. (by Kretschmer KZ 31, 422 compared with it), is, if at all correctly handed down, with P. to be kept away.

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अधि ind.

1 (As a prefix to verbs) over, above; (अधिकार); ˚स्था to stand over; ˚कृ to place over or at the head of; ˚रुह् to grow over or above; over and above, besides, in addition to (आधिक्य); fully, completely (अतिशय, विशेष), to get something in addition to another; अधिगत्य जगत्यधीश्वरात् having obtained fully, अधि inten- sifying the meaning of the root; इतो वा सातिमीमहे दिवो वा पार्थिवादधि Rv.1.6.1; (अधीमहे आधिक्येन याचामहे).

-2 (As a separable adverb) Over, above, from above (mostly Vedic); षष्टिर्वारासो अधि षट् Rv.7.18.14.

-3 (As a preposition) with acc. (a) Above, over, upon, in (उपरि); यं दन्तमधिजायते नाडी तं दन्तमुद्धरेत् Suśr. अध्यधि Just above; लोकानुपर्युपर्यास्ते$धो$धो$ध्यधि च माधवः Bopadeva; with gen. also; ये नाकस्याधि रोचने दिवि Rv. 1.19.6 above the sun; ˚विटपि Śi.7.35; ˚त्वत् 7.41; ˚रजनि at night. अधिरजनि जगाम धाम तस्याः 52. (b) with reference to, concerning, in the case of, on the subject of (अधिकृत्य) (mostly in adverbial compounds in this sense); हरौ इति अधिहरि; so अधिस्त्रि; कृष्णमधिकृत्य प्रवृत्ता कथा अधिकृष्णम्; so ˚ज्योतिषम्, ˚लोकम्, ˚दैवम्, ˚दैवतम् treating of stars &c.; ˚पुरन्ध्रि Śi.6.32 in the case of women. (c) (With abl.) Just over, more than (अधिक); सत्त्वादधि महानात्मा Kath.; अविदितादधि (d) (With loc.) Over, on or upon, above (showing lordship or sovereignty over something) (ऐश्वर्य); अधिरीश्वरे P.1.4.97; अधिभुवि रामः P.II.3.9 Sk. Rāma rules over the earth; the country ruled over may be used with loc. of 'ruler'; अधि रामे भूः ibid; प्रहारवर्म- ण्यधि विदेहा जाताः Dk.77 subject to, under the government of, become the property or possession of (अधि denoting स्वत्वं in this case); under, inferior to (हीन); अधि हरौ सुराः (Bopadeva) the gods are under Hari.

-4 (As first member of Tatpuruṣa compounds) (a) Chief, supreme, principal, presiding; ˚देवता presiding deity; ˚राजः supreme or soverign ruler; ˚पतिः supreme lord &c. (b) Redundant, superfluous (growing over anoth- er); ˚दन्तः = अध्यारूढः (दन्तस्योपरि जातः) दन्तः P.VI.2. 188. (c) Over, excessive; ˚अधिक्षेपः high censure. According to G. M. अधि has these senses. अधिरध्ययनैश्वर्य- वशित्वस्मरणाधिके । e. g.; उपाध्यायादधीते; इङो$ध्ययनार्थकत्वस्य अधिद्योतकः; अधिपतिः (ऐश्वर्ये); अधीनः (वशित्वे) अधिगतः इनं; मातुरध्येति (स्मरणे); अधिकम् (अधिके).

-5 Instead of; इदमग्ने सुधितं दुर्धितादधि प्रियादु चिन्मन्मनः प्रेय अस्तु ते Rv.1.14. 11. In the Veda अधि is supposed by B. and R. to have the senses of 'out of', 'from', 'of', 'among', 'before', 'beforehand', 'for', 'in favour of', 'in', 'at'.

[zad de]

and none besides, it is only, and no more

ĕtĭam-num and (more freq., always in Cic. and Caes.) ĕtĭam-nunc (also written separately, etiam num... nunc), conj., yet, till now, still, even now, even to this time, even at this time.

In gen. (in all periods): Ev. Etiamnunc mulier intu'st? Sy. Etiam, Plaut. Merc. 4, 5, 14; Varr. R. R. 3, 2, 3; Plaut. Stich. 5, 4, 16; Varr. ap. Non. 11, 15; Sen. Contr. 4, 26:

de materia loquor orationis etiamnunc, non ipso de genere dicendi,

Cic. Or. 34, 119:

ut mihi permirum videatur quemquam exstare, qui etiamnunc credat, etc.,

id. Div. 2, 47 fin.:

vos cunctamini etiamnunc, quid intra moenia deprehensis hostibus faciatis?

Sall. C. 52, 25; cf. id. J. 31, 3; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 38; id. Rosc. Am. 28, 78; Val. Fl. 7, 454 et saep.—With negations:

neque quicquam cum ea facit etiamnum stupri,

not as yet, Plaut. Poen. prol. 99; cf. Cic. Mur. 12 fin.:

nec Telamoniades etiam nunc hiscere quicquam Audet,

Ov. M. 13, 231:

quo de homine nihil etiamnunc dicere nobis est necesse,

nothing further, Cic. Clu. 59, 163.—

In respect to past time, i. q. etiam tum, till that time, till then, still:

Athenis in Lyceo cum etiamnum platanus novella esset,

Varr. R. R. 1, 37, 5; Cic. Fam. 10, 10, 1:

dixisti, paululum tibi esse etiamnunc morae, quod ego viverem,

id. Cat. 1, 4, 9:

nullo etiamnunc usu rei militaris percepto,

Caes. B. G. 6, 40, 6; cf. id. ib. 7, 62, 6: cum Balbus etiamnunc in provincia esset, Pollio ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 32 fin.; cf.:

cum tristis hiems etiamnum frigore saxa Rumperet, etc.,

Verg. G. 4, 135; Ov. F. 3, 155; Plin. 35, 3, 5, § 16 et saep.—

Sometimes for etiam (post-Aug.), also, besides, moreover:

his addemus etiamnum unam Graecae inventionis sententiam,

Plin. 6, 33, 39, § 211; cf. id. 32, 5, 18, § 49:

alia etiamnum generibus ipsis in sexu differentia,

id. 16, 10, 19, § 47; cf. id. 22, 25, 64, § 133; Cels. 5, 26, 20; 7, 29 fin.:

duas etiamnunc formulas praepositis adiciam,

Col. 5, 3, 1:

in quibus etiamnunc hodie, etc.,

Plin. 25, 8, 47, § 85; Sen. Ep. 113 et saep.:

si plus est, quod tolli opus est, adhibenda sunt etiamnum vehementiora,

Cels. 5, 26, 30;

so with comparatives (cf. etiam, II. A.),

Cels. 5, 28, [p. 663] 17; 8, 20; Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 177; Sen. Ep. 87; 102 al. Vid. Hand Turs. II. pp. 580-587.