-
21 Forum Aurelium
fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.I.In gen., an open space.A.The area before a tomb, fore-court:B.quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—C.Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—II.In partic., a public place, market-place.A.A market, as a place for buying and selling:(α).quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—(β).forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;(γ).here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—(δ).forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:B.L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,
Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:C.statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,
Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:in foro turbaque,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17:arripere verba de foro,
to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:in vulgus et in foro dicere,
id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,
id. Rep. 2, 37:in forum descendere,
id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):foro nimium distare Carinas,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,
id. S. 1, 6, 114:forumque litibus orbum,
id. C. 4, 2, 44:Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:gladiatores ad forum producti,
id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:ut primum forum attigerim,
i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:studia fori,
Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,
Quint. 10, 7, 20:nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,
Verg. G. 2, 502:forum agere,
to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:lenta fori pugnamus harena,
Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,
Verg. A. 5, 758:civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,
to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,
beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,
is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:in alieno foro litigare,
i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,
id. Fl. 29, 70:sublata erat de foro fides,
id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,
i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);called simply forum,
Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,
Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,
Mart. 3, 38, 4:vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,
Juv. 6, 68.—Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,1. 2.Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—3. 4.Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:5.ager,
Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—6.Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:7.colonia,
i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36. -
22 forum boarium
fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.I.In gen., an open space.A.The area before a tomb, fore-court:B.quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—C.Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—II.In partic., a public place, market-place.A.A market, as a place for buying and selling:(α).quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—(β).forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;(γ).here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—(δ).forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:B.L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,
Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:C.statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,
Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:in foro turbaque,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17:arripere verba de foro,
to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:in vulgus et in foro dicere,
id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,
id. Rep. 2, 37:in forum descendere,
id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):foro nimium distare Carinas,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,
id. S. 1, 6, 114:forumque litibus orbum,
id. C. 4, 2, 44:Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:gladiatores ad forum producti,
id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:ut primum forum attigerim,
i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:studia fori,
Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,
Quint. 10, 7, 20:nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,
Verg. G. 2, 502:forum agere,
to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:lenta fori pugnamus harena,
Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,
Verg. A. 5, 758:civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,
to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,
beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,
is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:in alieno foro litigare,
i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,
id. Fl. 29, 70:sublata erat de foro fides,
id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,
i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);called simply forum,
Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,
Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,
Mart. 3, 38, 4:vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,
Juv. 6, 68.—Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,1. 2.Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—3. 4.Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:5.ager,
Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—6.Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:7.colonia,
i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36. -
23 forum coquinum
fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.I.In gen., an open space.A.The area before a tomb, fore-court:B.quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—C.Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—II.In partic., a public place, market-place.A.A market, as a place for buying and selling:(α).quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—(β).forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;(γ).here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—(δ).forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:B.L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,
Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:C.statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,
Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:in foro turbaque,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17:arripere verba de foro,
to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:in vulgus et in foro dicere,
id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,
id. Rep. 2, 37:in forum descendere,
id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):foro nimium distare Carinas,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,
id. S. 1, 6, 114:forumque litibus orbum,
id. C. 4, 2, 44:Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:gladiatores ad forum producti,
id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:ut primum forum attigerim,
i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:studia fori,
Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,
Quint. 10, 7, 20:nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,
Verg. G. 2, 502:forum agere,
to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:lenta fori pugnamus harena,
Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,
Verg. A. 5, 758:civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,
to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,
beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,
is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:in alieno foro litigare,
i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,
id. Fl. 29, 70:sublata erat de foro fides,
id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,
i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);called simply forum,
Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,
Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,
Mart. 3, 38, 4:vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,
Juv. 6, 68.—Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,1. 2.Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—3. 4.Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:5.ager,
Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—6.Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:7.colonia,
i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36. -
24 forum cuppedinis
fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.I.In gen., an open space.A.The area before a tomb, fore-court:B.quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—C.Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—II.In partic., a public place, market-place.A.A market, as a place for buying and selling:(α).quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—(β).forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;(γ).here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—(δ).forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:B.L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,
Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:C.statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,
Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:in foro turbaque,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17:arripere verba de foro,
to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:in vulgus et in foro dicere,
id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,
id. Rep. 2, 37:in forum descendere,
id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):foro nimium distare Carinas,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,
id. S. 1, 6, 114:forumque litibus orbum,
id. C. 4, 2, 44:Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:gladiatores ad forum producti,
id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:ut primum forum attigerim,
i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:studia fori,
Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,
Quint. 10, 7, 20:nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,
Verg. G. 2, 502:forum agere,
to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:lenta fori pugnamus harena,
Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,
Verg. A. 5, 758:civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,
to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,
beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,
is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:in alieno foro litigare,
i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,
id. Fl. 29, 70:sublata erat de foro fides,
id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,
i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);called simply forum,
Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,
Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,
Mart. 3, 38, 4:vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,
Juv. 6, 68.—Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,1. 2.Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—3. 4.Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:5.ager,
Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—6.Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:7.colonia,
i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36. -
25 Forum Gallorum
fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.I.In gen., an open space.A.The area before a tomb, fore-court:B.quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—C.Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—II.In partic., a public place, market-place.A.A market, as a place for buying and selling:(α).quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—(β).forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;(γ).here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—(δ).forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:B.L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,
Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:C.statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,
Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:in foro turbaque,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17:arripere verba de foro,
to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:in vulgus et in foro dicere,
id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,
id. Rep. 2, 37:in forum descendere,
id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):foro nimium distare Carinas,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,
id. S. 1, 6, 114:forumque litibus orbum,
id. C. 4, 2, 44:Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:gladiatores ad forum producti,
id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:ut primum forum attigerim,
i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:studia fori,
Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,
Quint. 10, 7, 20:nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,
Verg. G. 2, 502:forum agere,
to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:lenta fori pugnamus harena,
Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,
Verg. A. 5, 758:civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,
to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,
beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,
is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:in alieno foro litigare,
i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,
id. Fl. 29, 70:sublata erat de foro fides,
id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,
i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);called simply forum,
Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,
Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,
Mart. 3, 38, 4:vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,
Juv. 6, 68.—Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,1. 2.Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—3. 4.Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:5.ager,
Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—6.Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:7.colonia,
i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36. -
26 Forum Julii
fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.I.In gen., an open space.A.The area before a tomb, fore-court:B.quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—C.Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—II.In partic., a public place, market-place.A.A market, as a place for buying and selling:(α).quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—(β).forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;(γ).here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—(δ).forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:B.L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,
Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:C.statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,
Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:in foro turbaque,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17:arripere verba de foro,
to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:in vulgus et in foro dicere,
id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,
id. Rep. 2, 37:in forum descendere,
id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):foro nimium distare Carinas,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,
id. S. 1, 6, 114:forumque litibus orbum,
id. C. 4, 2, 44:Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:gladiatores ad forum producti,
id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:ut primum forum attigerim,
i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:studia fori,
Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,
Quint. 10, 7, 20:nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,
Verg. G. 2, 502:forum agere,
to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:lenta fori pugnamus harena,
Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,
Verg. A. 5, 758:civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,
to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,
beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,
is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:in alieno foro litigare,
i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,
id. Fl. 29, 70:sublata erat de foro fides,
id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,
i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);called simply forum,
Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,
Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,
Mart. 3, 38, 4:vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,
Juv. 6, 68.—Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,1. 2.Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—3. 4.Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:5.ager,
Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—6.Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:7.colonia,
i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36. -
27 forum olitorium
fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.I.In gen., an open space.A.The area before a tomb, fore-court:B.quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—C.Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—II.In partic., a public place, market-place.A.A market, as a place for buying and selling:(α).quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—(β).forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;(γ).here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—(δ).forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:B.L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,
Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:C.statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,
Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:in foro turbaque,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17:arripere verba de foro,
to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:in vulgus et in foro dicere,
id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,
id. Rep. 2, 37:in forum descendere,
id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):foro nimium distare Carinas,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,
id. S. 1, 6, 114:forumque litibus orbum,
id. C. 4, 2, 44:Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:gladiatores ad forum producti,
id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:ut primum forum attigerim,
i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:studia fori,
Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,
Quint. 10, 7, 20:nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,
Verg. G. 2, 502:forum agere,
to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:lenta fori pugnamus harena,
Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,
Verg. A. 5, 758:civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,
to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,
beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,
is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:in alieno foro litigare,
i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,
id. Fl. 29, 70:sublata erat de foro fides,
id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,
i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);called simply forum,
Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,
Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,
Mart. 3, 38, 4:vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,
Juv. 6, 68.—Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,1. 2.Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—3. 4.Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:5.ager,
Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—6.Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:7.colonia,
i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36. -
28 forum piscarium
fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.I.In gen., an open space.A.The area before a tomb, fore-court:B.quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—C.Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—II.In partic., a public place, market-place.A.A market, as a place for buying and selling:(α).quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—(β).forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;(γ).here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—(δ).forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:B.L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,
Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:C.statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,
Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:in foro turbaque,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17:arripere verba de foro,
to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:in vulgus et in foro dicere,
id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,
id. Rep. 2, 37:in forum descendere,
id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):foro nimium distare Carinas,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,
id. S. 1, 6, 114:forumque litibus orbum,
id. C. 4, 2, 44:Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:gladiatores ad forum producti,
id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:ut primum forum attigerim,
i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:studia fori,
Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,
Quint. 10, 7, 20:nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,
Verg. G. 2, 502:forum agere,
to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:lenta fori pugnamus harena,
Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,
Verg. A. 5, 758:civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,
to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,
beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,
is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:in alieno foro litigare,
i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,
id. Fl. 29, 70:sublata erat de foro fides,
id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,
i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);called simply forum,
Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,
Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,
Mart. 3, 38, 4:vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,
Juv. 6, 68.—Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,1. 2.Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—3. 4.Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:5.ager,
Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—6.Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:7.colonia,
i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36. -
29 forum suarium
fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.I.In gen., an open space.A.The area before a tomb, fore-court:B.quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—C.Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—II.In partic., a public place, market-place.A.A market, as a place for buying and selling:(α).quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—(β).forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;(γ).here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—(δ).forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:B.L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,
Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:C.statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,
Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:in foro turbaque,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17:arripere verba de foro,
to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:in vulgus et in foro dicere,
id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,
id. Rep. 2, 37:in forum descendere,
id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):foro nimium distare Carinas,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,
id. S. 1, 6, 114:forumque litibus orbum,
id. C. 4, 2, 44:Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:gladiatores ad forum producti,
id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:ut primum forum attigerim,
i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:studia fori,
Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,
Quint. 10, 7, 20:nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,
Verg. G. 2, 502:forum agere,
to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:lenta fori pugnamus harena,
Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,
Verg. A. 5, 758:civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,
to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,
beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,
is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:in alieno foro litigare,
i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,
id. Fl. 29, 70:sublata erat de foro fides,
id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,
i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);called simply forum,
Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,
Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,
Mart. 3, 38, 4:vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,
Juv. 6, 68.—Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,1. 2.Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—3. 4.Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:5.ager,
Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—6.Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:7.colonia,
i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36. -
30 Forum Voconii
fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.I.In gen., an open space.A.The area before a tomb, fore-court:B.quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—C.Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—II.In partic., a public place, market-place.A.A market, as a place for buying and selling:(α).quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—(β).forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;(γ).here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—(δ).forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:B.L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,
Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:C.statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,
Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:in foro turbaque,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17:arripere verba de foro,
to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:in vulgus et in foro dicere,
id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,
id. Rep. 2, 37:in forum descendere,
id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):foro nimium distare Carinas,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,
id. S. 1, 6, 114:forumque litibus orbum,
id. C. 4, 2, 44:Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:gladiatores ad forum producti,
id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:ut primum forum attigerim,
i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:studia fori,
Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,
Quint. 10, 7, 20:nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,
Verg. G. 2, 502:forum agere,
to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:lenta fori pugnamus harena,
Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,
Verg. A. 5, 758:civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,
to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,
beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,
is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:in alieno foro litigare,
i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,
id. Fl. 29, 70:sublata erat de foro fides,
id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,
i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);called simply forum,
Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,
Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,
Mart. 3, 38, 4:vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,
Juv. 6, 68.—Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,1. 2.Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—3. 4.Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:5.ager,
Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—6.Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:7.colonia,
i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36. -
31 piscatorium
fŏrum, i, (archaic form fŏrus, i, m., to accord with locus, Lucil. ap. Charis. p. 55 P., and ap. Non. 206, 15; Pompon. ib.), n. [etym. dub.; perh. root Sanscr. dhar-, support; dhar-as, mountain, etc.; Lat. forma, fortis, frenum, etc.; lit., a place or space with set bounds, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 149], what is out of doors, an outside space or place; in partic., as opp. the house, a public place, a market-place, market (cf.: macellum, emporium, velabrum): forum sex modis intelligitur. Primo, negotiationis locus, ut forum Flaminium, forum Julium, ab eorum nominibus, qui ea fora constituenda curarunt, quod etiam locis privatis et in viis et in agris fieri solet. Alio, in quo judicia fieri, cum populo agi, contiones haberi solent. Tertio, cum is, qui provinciae praeest, forum agere dicitur, cum civitates vocat et de controversiis eorum cognoscit. Quarto, cum id forum antiqui appellabant, quod nunc vestibulum sepulcri dicari solet. Quinto, locus in navi, sed tum masculini generis est et plurale (v. forus). Sexto, fori significant et Circensia spectacula, ex quibus etiam minores forulos dicimus. Inde et forare, foras dare, et fores, foras et foriculae, id est ostiola dicuntur, [p. 774] Paul. ex Fest. p. 84 Müll.I.In gen., an open space.A.The area before a tomb, fore-court:B.quod (lex XII. Tabularum de sepulcris) FORUM, id est, vestibulum sepulcri, BUSTUMVE USUCAPI vetat, tuetur jus sepulcrorum,
Cic. Leg. 2, 24, 61.—The part of the wine-press in which the grapes were laid, Varr. R. R. 1, 54, 2; Col. 11, 2, 71; 12, 18, 3.—C.Plur.: fora = fori, the gangways of a ship, Gell. ap. Charis. 55 P.—II.In partic., a public place, market-place.A.A market, as a place for buying and selling:(α).quae vendere vellent quo conferrent, forum appellarunt. Ubi quid generatim (i. e. secundum singula genera), additum ab eo cognomen, ut forum boarium, forum olitorium, cupedinis, etc.... Haec omnia posteaquam contracta in unum locum quae ad victum pertinebant et aedificatus locus: appellatum macellum, etc.,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 145 sq. Müll.— Esp.forum boarium, the cattlemarket, between the Circus Maximus and the Tiber, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Paul. ex Fest. p. 30, 5; Liv. 21, 62, 2; Plin. 34, 2, 5, § 10; Tac. A. 12, 24; cf. Ov. F. 6, 477. A part of this was probably the forum suarium, Dig. 1, 12, 1, § 11.—(β).forum olitorium, the vegetable-market, south of the theatre of Marcellus, between the Tiber and the Capitoline hill;(γ).here stood the columna lactaria, at which infants were exposed,
Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Liv. 21, 63, 3; Tac. A. 2, 49; Paul. ex Fest. p. 118, 6. Here was probably the forum coquinum also, in which professional cooks offered their services in preparing special entertainments, Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 1.—forum piscarium (or piscatorium), the fish-market, between the basilica Porcia and the Temple of Vesta, Varr. L. L. 5, § 146 Müll.; Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 13; Liv. 26, 27, 3; 40, 51, 5; Col. 8, 17, 15.—(δ).forum cuppedinis, the market for dainties, between the via sacra and the macellum, Varr. L. L. 5, § 186 Müll. Cf. the similar market in another town, App. M. 1, p. 113, 30 (dub. Hildebr. cupidinis).—Of places where markets were held, a market-town, market-place:B.L. Clodius, pharmacopola circumforaneus, qui properaret, cui fora multa restarent, simul atque introductus est, rem confecit,
Cic. Clu. 14, 40:oppidum Numidarum, nomine Vaga, forum rerum venalium totius regni maxime celebratum,
Sall. J. 47, 1.—Prov.: Scisti uti foro, you knew how to make your market, i. e. how to act for your advantage, Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 29; v. Don. ad loc.—The market-place, forum, in each city, as the principal place of meeting, where public affairs were discussed, courts of justice held, money transactions carried on:C.statua ejus (Anicii) Praeneste in foro statuta,
Liv. 23, 19, 18; hence also, transf., to denote affairs of state, administration of justice, or banking business. In Rome esp. the forum Romanum, Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 66; Tac. A. 12, 24; called also forum magnum, vetus, or, oftener, absol., forum, Liv. 1, 12, 8; 9, 40, 16; Cic. Att. 4, 16, 14 et saep.; a low, open artificial level, about six hundred and thirty Parisian feet long, and rather more than a hundred wide, between the Capitoline and Palatine hills, surrounded by porticos (basilicae) and the shops of money-changers (argentariae), in later times surrounded with fine buildings, and adorned with numberless statues (cf. on it Becker's Antiq. 1, p. 281 sq., and Dict. of Antiq. p. 451):in foro infumo boni homines atque dites ambulant,
Plaut. Curc. 4, 1, 14:in foro turbaque,
Cic. Rep. 1, 17:arripere verba de foro,
to pick them up in the street, id. Fin. 3, 2, 4:in vulgus et in foro dicere,
id. Rep. 3, 30 (Fragm. ap. Non. 262, 24):cum Decimus quidam Verginius virginem filiam in foro sua manu interemisset,
id. Rep. 2, 37:in forum descendere,
id. ib. 6, 2 (Fragm. ap. Non. 501, 28):foro nimium distare Carinas,
Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 48:fallacem Circum vespertinumque pererro Saepe forum,
id. S. 1, 6, 114:forumque litibus orbum,
id. C. 4, 2, 44:Hostes in foro ac locis patentioribus cuneatim constiterunt,
Caes. B. G. 7, 28, 1:gladiatores ad forum producti,
id. B. C. 1, 14, 4:ut primum forum attigerim,
i. e. engaged in public affairs, Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3:studia fori,
Tac. Agr. 39: forum putealque Libonis Mandabo siccis, adimam cantare severis, i. e. the grave affairs of state, Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 8.—Of administering justice in the forum: NI PAGVNT, IN COMITIO AVT IN FORO ANTE MERIDIEM CAVSAM CONICITO, Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 13, 20:ut pacem cum bello, leges cum vi, forum et juris dictionem cum ferro et armis conferatis,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 54 fin.:quod (tempus) in judiciis ac foro datur,
Quint. 10, 7, 20:nec ferrea jura Insanumque forum aut populi tabularia vidit,
Verg. G. 2, 502:forum agere,
to hold a court, hold an assize, Cic. Att. 5, 16, 4; cf. id. Fam. 3, 6, 4:lenta fori pugnamus harena,
Juv. 16, 47; cf. vv. sqq.— Poet. transf.:indicitque forum et patribus dat jura vocatis,
Verg. A. 5, 758:civitates, quae in id forum convenerant,
to that court - district, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 15, § 38:extra suum forum vadimonium promittere,
beyond his district, id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §38.—Prov.: egomet video rem vorti in meo foro,
is pending in my own court, affects me nearly, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 10:in alieno foro litigare,
i. e. not to know what to do, which way to turn, Mart. 12 praef. —Of the transaction of business in the forum:haec fides atque haec ratio pecuniarum, quae Romae, quae in foro versatur,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 7, 19:quousque negotiabere? annos jam triginta in foro versaris,
id. Fl. 29, 70:sublata erat de foro fides,
id. Agr. 2, 3 fin.:nisi, etc.... nos hunc Postumum jam pridem in foro non haberemus,
i. e. he would have been a bankrupt long ago, id. Rab. Post. 15, 41: cedere foro, to quit the market, i. e. to become bankrupt, Sen. Ben. 4, 39; Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Juv. 11, 50; cf. Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 16. Justice was administered in Rome not only in the forum Romanum, but also, in the times of the emperors, in the forum (Julii) Caesaris (erected by Julius Caesar, Suet. Caes. 26; Plin. 36, 15, 24, § 103; 16, 44, 86, § 236) and in the forum Augusti (erected by the Emperor Augustus, Suet. Aug. 29, and adorned with a fine ivory statue of Apollo, Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 183; Ov. F. 5, 552; id. Tr. 3, 1, 27);called simply forum,
Juv. 1, 128 (where Apollo is called juris peritus, in allusion to the judicial proceedings held here); hence, circumscriptiones, furta, fraudes, quibus trina non sufficiunt fora, Sen. de Ira, 2, 9, 1; so,quae (verba) trino juvenis foro tonabas,
Stat. S. 4, 9, 15; and:erit in triplici par mihi nemo foro,
Mart. 3, 38, 4:vacuo clausoque sonant fora sola theatro,
Juv. 6, 68.—Nom. propr. Fŏrum, a name of many market and assize towns, nine of which, in Etruria, are named, Plin. 3, 15, 20, § 116. The most celebrated are,1. 2.Forum Appii, a market-town in Latium, on the Via Appia, near Tres Tavernae, now Foro Appio, Cic. Att. 2, 10; Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 64; Hor. S. 1, 5, 3; Inscr. Orell. 780 al.—3. 4.Forum Cornēlium, a town in Gallia Cispadana, now Imola, Cic. Fam. 12, 5, 2.—Hence, Forocorneliensis, e, adj.:5.ager,
Plin. 3, 16, 20, § 120.—Forum Gallōrum, a town in Gallia Cispadana, between Mutina and Bononia, now Castel Franco, Cic. Fam. 10, 30, 2.—6.Forum Jūlii, a town in Gallia Narbonensis, a colony of the eighth legion, now Frejus, Mel. 2, 5, 3; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 35; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 15, 3; 10, 17, 1; Tac. H. 3, 43.—Deriv.: Forojuliensis, e, adj., of or belonging to Forum Julii, Forojulian:7.colonia,
i. e. Forum Julii, Tac. H. 2, 14; 3, 43.—In plur.: Forojulienses, inhabitants of Forum Julii, Forojulians, Tac. Agr. 4.—Forum Vŏcōnii, 24 miles from Forum Julii, in the Pyrenees, now, acc. to some, Le Canet; acc. to others, Luc, Cic. Fam. 10, 17, 1; 10, 34, 1; Plin. 3, 4, 5, § 36. -
32 alibi
ălĭbī, adv. [contr. from aliubi; aliusibi], elsewhere.I.A.. Elsewhere, otherwhere, somewhere else, in or at another place, = alio loco, allothi (very freq. in the post-Aug. per., esp. in Pliny; in Cic. only twice, and then in connection with nusquam and nec usquam. Never in Hor. or Juv.; in the other poets rare): St. Hiccine nos habitare censes? Ch. Ubinam ego alibi censeam? Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 72:B.scio equidem alibi jam animum tuum,
id. Truc. 4, 4, 13:alibi gentium et civitatum,
App. Flor. p. 356, 6; cf. id. ib. 360, 4.—Hence,Esp.1.Alibi... alibi (even several times), in one place... in another; here... there = hic... illic;2.hence also sometimes hic or illic... alibi: alibi pavorem, alibi gaudium ingens facit,
Liv. 3, 18; 8, 32; Sen. Ep. 98 al.:exercitus, trifariam dissipatus, alibi primum, alibi postremum agmen, alibi impedimenta, inter vepres delituit,
Liv. 38, 46; Plin. 2, 3, 3, § 8; so id. 5, 27, 27, § 99 al.:hic segetes, illic veniunt felicius uvae, Arborei fetus alibi,
Verg. G. 1, 54; Plin. 10, 50, 71, § 146. Once alibi... deinde, Curt. 7, 4, 26.—Joined with words of the same origin (alius; v. alius, aliter, etc.): alibi alius or aliter, one here, another there; one in this, the other in that manner:3.esse alios alibi congressus materiaï, Qualis hic est,
that matter has elsewhere other combinations, similar to that of the world, Lucr. 3, 1065:exprobrantes suam quisque alius alibi militiam,
Liv. 2, 23:pecora diversos alium alibi pascere jubet,
id. 9, 2; so id. 44, 33:alius alibi projectus,
Vulg. Sap. 18, 18:medium spatium torrentis, alibi aliter cavati,
Liv. 44, 35.—Alibi atque alibi, at one time here, at another there; now here, now there (cf. aliubi, B.):4.haec (aqua) alibi atque alibi utilior nobilitavit loca gloriā ferri,
Plin. 34, 14, 41, § 144.—With negatives, nec, non, nusquam, nec usquam:5.nec tam praesentes alibi cognoscere divos,
Verg. E. 1, 42:asperrima in hac parte dimicatio est, nec alibi dixeris magis mucrone pugnari,
Quint. 6, 4, 4:nusquam alibi,
Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103:omnis armatorum copia dextrā sinistrā ad equum, nec usquam alibi,
id. Att. 13, 52. And instead of a negative, an interrogation implying it:num alibi quam in Capitolio?
Liv. 5, 52.—Alibi quam, indicating comparison, elsewhere than, commonly with a neg., non, nusquam, etc., nowhere else than:II.qui et alibi quam in Nilo nascitur,
Plin. 32, 10, 43, § 125:posse principem alibi quam Romae fieri,
Tac. H. 1, 4; id. A. 15, 20:faciliusque laudes vestras alibi gentium quam apud vos praedicārim,
App. Flor. p. 360, 4:nusquam alibi quam in Macedoniā,
Liv. 43, 9:ne alibi quam in armis animum haberent,
id. 10, 20; Tac. A. 1, 77: nec alibi quam in Germaniā, * Suet. Aug. 23; so Col. R. R. 8, 11, 8.—Transf. from place to other objects.A.Otherwise, in something else, in other things, in other respects:B.si alibi plus perdiderim, minus aegre habeam,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 16:neque istic neque alibi tibi erit usquam in me mora,
Ter. And. 2, 5, 9; id. Heaut. 2, 3, 38:nec spem salutis alibi quam in pace,
Liv. 30, 35, 11:alibi quam in innocentiā spem habere,
id. 7, 41:alibi quam mos permiserit,
otherwise, in other things, than custom allows, Quint. 11, 1, 47; 4, 1, 53.—Of persons, elsewhere, with some other one (very rare):C.priusquam hanc uxorem duxi, habebam alibi (sc. apud meretricem) animum amori deditum,
Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 14: Quantum militum transportatum sit, apud auctores discrepat: alibi decem milia peditum, duo milia ducentos [p. 84] equites, alibi parte plus dimidiā rem auctam invenio, Liv. 29, 25:interdum alibi est hereditas, alibi tutela,
Dig. 26, 4, 1; so, in designating another place in an author, Quint. 4, 2, 110; 8, 3, 21 al.—In post-Aug. prose sometimes, like alias (v. that word), for alioqui, otherwise:rhinocerotes quoque, rarum alibi animal, in iisdem montibus erant,
an animal otherwise rare, Curt. 9, 1, 5:nemus opacum arboribus alibi inusitatis,
with trees else rare, id. 9, 1, 13. -
33 ecce
ecce, adv. demonstr. [perh. from locat. form of pronom. stem i, with demonstr. ending -ce; hence, in comedy often scanned ĕce, Corss. Aussp. 2, 636, 1026 sq. —Ribbeck explains ecce as indef. form ec, as in ecquis, ecquando, etc., strengthened by demonstr. ce, Lat. Part. p. 42 sq.; and Curt. refers it to root oc- of oculus; cf. eccere, Gr. Etym. p. 457], points out an object with emphasis, lo! see! behold! (constr. class. with nom. or clause, and ante-class. also with acc.).I.In gen.:II.quem quaero, optime ecce obviam mihi est,
behold! there comes he I was wishing for, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 16:ecce autem video rure redeuntem senem,
Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 45:ecce Dionaei processit Caesaris astrum,
Verg. E. 9, 47:ecce trahebatur passis Priameïa virgo Crinibus,
id. A. 2, 403; cf. id. ib. 6, 337; Ov. M. 2, 441 al.;sometimes in the middle of a clause: audiat haec tantum—vel qui venit ecce Palaemon,
Verg. E. 3, 50; Ov. M. 2, 93:apparet adhuc vetus cicatrix,
id. ib. 12, 444; Calp. Ec. 1, 4 al.—In partic.A.To denote that something is present (cf. Fr. voici), here (in this sense mostly ellipt.): circus noster ecce adest, Plaut Fragm. ap. Varr. L. L. 5, § 153 Müll.;B.so with adest,
Ov. M. 2, 496; 3, 101:quid me quaeris?... ecce me,
here I am, Plaut. Epid. 5, 2, 15; so,ecce me,
id. Curc. 1, 3, 6; id. Mil. 3, 1, 69; Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 38:ecce nos,
Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 17:ecce odium meum,
id. Poen. 1, 2, 139:ecce Gripi scelera,
id. Rud. 4, 4, 134:ecce tuae litterae de Varrone,
Cic. Att. 13, 16:ecce hominem te, Stasime, nihili,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 6;and simply ecce,
here I am, id. As. 1, 1, 96.—In enumerations, or after other objects mentioned, to introduce a new one with emphasis (Ciceronian): consecuti sunt hos Critias, Theramenes, Lysias, etc.... ecce tibi exortus est Isocrates, Cic de Or. 2, 22 fin.; id. Or. 16 fin.; id. de Or. 3, 3, 31;C.so ellipt.,
id. Div. 2, 70, 144; id. Ac. 2, 43, 134; id. Pis. 21.—To introduce something unexpected or strange; hence, sometimes connected with subito, repente, de improviso, etc.:D.ecce Apollo mihi ex oraculo imperat, Ut, etc.,
Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 87; Cic. Sest. 41, 89; id. de Or. 2, 22, 94: et ecce de improviso ad nos accedit cana veritas, Varr. ap. Non. 243, 1; cf. Sall. J. 14, 11:discubitum noctu ut imus, ecce ad me advenit mulier,
Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 99; so with a preceding cum, Cic. Caecin. 7, 20; with dum:haec dum agit, ecce, etc.,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 60; with ubi, Verg. A. 3, 219.—Ellipt.:ecce postridie Cassio litterae Capua a Lucretio,
Cic. Att. 7, 24; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; id. Ac. 2, 38; with subito, id. Att. 8, 8; 10, 3; cf.:ecce autem repente,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 34; and with a preceding cum, id. Att. 2, 8; Liv. 2, 36 fin. — For the expression ecce autem, v. autem. —In conversat. lang., combined with the pronouns is, ille, and iste, into one word standing for either the simple ecce, or the pronoun itself, but with demonstrative force, in the foll. forms: nom., ecca, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 66; id. Rud. 4, 4, 130; Ter. Eun. 1, 1, 34:eccilla,
Plaut. Stich. 4, 1, 30:eccillud,
id. Rud. 2, 7, 18: acc. sing., eccum, Plaut. Am. prol. 120; 1, 2, 35; 3, 4, 22 et saep.; Ter. And. 3, 2, 52; 3, 3, 48 et saep.; Titin. ap. Charis. p. 177 P.:eccam,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 146; id. As. 1, 2, 25; id. Cas. 2, 1, 15 et saep.; Ter. Eun. 4, 5, 12; id. Hec. 4, 1, 8:eccillum,
Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 98; id. Pers. 2, 2, 65; id. Trin. 3, 1, 21;and syncopated ellum,
Ter. And. 5, 2, 14; id. Ad. 2, 3, 7; Plaut. Curc. 2, 2, 28:eccillam, and sync. ellam,
Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 35; Plaut. Aul. 4, 10, 51; id. Mil. 3, 1, 194;eccistam,
Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 17: plur., eccos, id. Bacch. 3, 2, 19; id. Most. 1, 3, 154; id. Mil. 4, 7, 27; 5, 35; id. Rud. 2, 2, 4; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 15; Afran. ap. Charis. p. 95 P.:eccas,
id. Rud. 3, 2, 49:ecca,
Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 110. [p. 624] —On the construction of eccum, etc., cf. Brix ad Plaut. Capt. 1002, p. 72; and on ecce see Hand, Turs. II. pp. 343-351. -
34 rariter
rārus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root rah-, to abandon], having wide interstices between its parts, of a loose texture, not thick or dense, thin (opp. densus; freq. and class.).I.Lit.:II.denseri poterunt ignes, rarique relinqui,
Lucr. 1, 656; cf.:(terra) Rara sit an supra morem si densa requiras... Densa magis Cereri, rarissima quaeque Lyaeo,
Verg. G. 2, 227 sq.; 1, 419:textura,
Lucr. 4, 196; cf.retia,
Verg. A. 4, 131; Hor. Epod. 2, 33:tunica,
Ov. Am. 1, 5, 13; and:cribrum,
id. M. 12, 437:rariores silvae,
the thinner, clearer parts of the forest, Tac. Agr. 37:seges,
Col. 2, 9, 6:corpus (opp. solidae res),
Lucr. 1, 347; 2, 860; 6, 631 al.:aër,
id. 2, 107; cf. in the comp., id. 6, 1024:manus,
i.e. with the fingers spread apart, Quint. 11, 3, 103:raraque non fracto vestigia pulvere pendent,
i.e. scarcely visible, Stat. Th. 6, 640.—Transf.A.Of things which stand apart from each other, far apart, here and there, scattered, thin, scanty ( = disjectus;2.opp. densus, confertus): cum raris disjectisque ex aedificiis pabulum conquireretur,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 10; cf.:vides habitari in terrā raris et angustis in locis,
scattered, Cic. Rep. 6, 19, 20:apparent rari nantes,
Verg. A. 1, 118:foramina,
Lucr. 5, 457:bacae expanduntur rarae,
Plin. 17, 10, 11, § 60:frutices in vertice,
Ov. H. 10, 25:coma,
id. Am. 1, 8, 111; cf. capillus. Suet. Calig. 50:racemi,
Verg. E. 5, 7:umbra,
id. ib. 7, 46:arbores,
Nep. Milt. 5, 3:tela,
Ov. M. 12, 600 et saep. — Poet.:manat rara meas lacrima per genas,
drop by drop, Hor. C. 4, 1, 34. —In partic., in military lang., far apart, here and there, scattered about, dispersed, straggling, single (opp. confertus). accedebat huc, ut numquam conferti, sed rari magnisque intervallis proeliarentur, Caes. B. G. 5, 16; cf.:B.rari in confertos illati,
Liv. 23, 27:ipsi ex silvis rari propugnabant,
Caes. B. G. 5, 9; 5, 17; 7, 45; 7, 80; id. B. C. 1, 27 fin.:Samnites raris ordinibus constiterant,
Liv. 9, 27; Curt. 4, 14, 14:rara est acies,
Verg. A. 9, 508:rarior acies,
Tac. H. 3, 25; Front. Strat. 3, 10, 4:rarior acies,
Curt. 4, 15, 20: ut ordines suos non magnopere servarent. [p. 1525] rari dispersique pugnarent, Caes. B. C. 1, 44; cf. Tac. Agr. 37 fin.; Front. Strat. 1, 5, 23.—Of any thing found in small numbers or which seldom takes place, few, rare (cf. paucus):b.in omni arte... ut in ipsă virtute, optimum quidque rarissimum,
Cic. Fin. 2, 25, 81; cf.:rarum genus (amicorum) et quidem omnia praeclara rara,
id. Lael. 21, 79:raris ac prope nullis portibus,
Caes. B. G. 3, 12 fin.; cf.:etiamsi rarus ejus rei, nonnullus tamen usus,
Quint. 8, 6, 30:rarus enim est animus ad ea defendenda,
Sall. H. 3, 61, 7 Dietsch:Idem rarum est, non sine usu tamen,
Quint. 5, 11, 42:rari domos, plurimi amicorum tecta... petivere,
Tac. H. 1, 79 fin.:Oceanus raris ab orbe nostro navibus aditur,
id. G. 2:aliquod solitarium aut rarum,
Cic. Inv. 1, 44, 83:ut anteponantur rara vulgaribus,
id. Top. 18, 69:litterae,
Liv. 6, 1; cf. id. 7, 3:rara hostium apparebant arma,
id. 2, 50:lites,
Quint. 7, 1, 43:infelicitas,
id. 11, 2, 49:quae (littera) est apud nos rarissima in clausulis,
id. 12, 10, 31:quod est magis rarum,
id. 9, 2, 73:ex maxime raro genere hominum,
Cic. Lael. 17, 64; cf. Quint. 7, 3, 25:raris vocibus hisco,
Verg. A. 3, 314:rara per ignotos errent animalia montes,
id. E. 6, 40:audiet pugnas vitio parentum Rara juventus,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 24. —Rarum est, with ut:rarum est, ut, etc.,
Quint. 3, 10, 3; 6, 3, 38; 10, 7, 24:rarum dictu, esse aliquid, cui prosit neglegentia,
Plin. 18, 16, 39, § 140.—Mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose for the adv. raro, seldom, rarely:2.nec Iliacos coetus nisi rarus adibat,
Ov. M. 11, 766; cf.:rarus, qui tam procul a portu recessisset, reperiebatur,
Quint. 12, prooem. § 3; so,rarus fuit, qui, etc.,
id. 6, 2, 3:antiquis scriptoribus rarus obtrectator,
Tac. A. 4, 33; Sall. H. Fragm. 3, 22, p. 233 Gerl.:Caesar rarus egressu,
Tac. A. 15, 53; cf.:leones rari in potu,
Plin. 8, 16, 18, § 46:(calculus) rarus inventu,
id. 28, 15, 61, § 217; cf.:helxine rara visu est,
id. 21, 16, 56, § 96:Homerus alias circa picturas pigmentaque rarus,
i. e. rarely speaks of them, id. 33, 7, 38, § 115 —Poet., in partic., uncommon of its kind, scarce, rare, extraordinary, remarkable:A.rara puella fuit,
Prop. 1, 17, 16; so,Cynthia,
id. 1, 8, 42:ministra deae,
id. 4 (5), 11, 52; cf.:rara quidem facie, sed rarior arte canendi,
Ov. M. 14, 337:facies,
id. H. 17, 93 Ruhnk.:vestis,
Cat. 69, 3:avis (sc. pavo),
Hor. S. 2, 2, 26:fides,
id. C. 1, 35, 21:artis opus rarae,
Tib. 3, 4, 37:patulis rarissima ramis,
Ov. M. 7, 622:rarissima turba,
id. A. A. 2, 281:rarissimi ingenii homo,
Sen. Contr. 28:conjux rarissima,
Stat. S. 5, 1, 11.— Hence, adv., usually raro (class.), but sometimes rare (ante - class. and postAug.), rarenter (ante- and post - class.), or rariter (late Lat.).Form rārō:B.raro nimium dabat quod biberem,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 20:potavi, edi, donavi, et enim id raro,
id. Bacch. 4, 10, 6:si id, quod raro fit, fieri omnino negetur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 43, 80:evenire insolenter et raro (opp. vulgo),
id. ib. 1, 28, 43:vinum aegrotis prodest raro, nocet saepissime,
id. N. D. 3, 27, 69; id. de Or. 3, 52, 101; cf. id. Or. 24, 80:sed tamen raro habet in oratione poeticum aliquod verbum dignitatem,
id. de Or. 3, 38, 153:raro antecedentem scelestum Deseruit poena,
Hor. C. 3, 2, 31: admodum raro, Cic. Fat. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12;for which we find raro admodum,
Quint. 11, 1, 14; Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135:raro umquam,
Quint. 4, 1, 4; 5, 7, 22; Plin. 22, 22, 46, § 93:ita raro,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 13, 37:sic raro,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 1:tam raro,
Ov. M. 13, 117:quam raro,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 25:perquam raro,
Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 55.— Comp.:quod si rarius fiet, quam tu exspectabis,
Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1.— Sup.:istud rarissime accidere,
Col. 5, 5, 7:non affari nisi rarissime,
Suet. Claud. 3.—Form rārē (acc. to I.), far apart, thinly, sparsely, here and there:2. C.nisi rare conseritur, vanam et minutam spicam facit,
Col. 2, 9, 5:tenui vimine rarius contextus saccus,
id. 9, 15, 12.—Form rārenter, seldom, rarely:D.dato rarenter bibere,
Cato, R. R. 103; so, rarenter, Liv. And., Enn., Caecil., Nov., Trab., Pompon. ap. Non. 515, 23 sq.; 164, 25 sq.; App. Flor. 3, p. 357, 22. —Form rārĭter (very rare): quidquid fit rariter, magis delectat, Schol. Juv. 11, 208. -
35 rarus
rārus, a, um, adj. [etym. dub.; cf. Sanscr. root rah-, to abandon], having wide interstices between its parts, of a loose texture, not thick or dense, thin (opp. densus; freq. and class.).I.Lit.:II.denseri poterunt ignes, rarique relinqui,
Lucr. 1, 656; cf.:(terra) Rara sit an supra morem si densa requiras... Densa magis Cereri, rarissima quaeque Lyaeo,
Verg. G. 2, 227 sq.; 1, 419:textura,
Lucr. 4, 196; cf.retia,
Verg. A. 4, 131; Hor. Epod. 2, 33:tunica,
Ov. Am. 1, 5, 13; and:cribrum,
id. M. 12, 437:rariores silvae,
the thinner, clearer parts of the forest, Tac. Agr. 37:seges,
Col. 2, 9, 6:corpus (opp. solidae res),
Lucr. 1, 347; 2, 860; 6, 631 al.:aër,
id. 2, 107; cf. in the comp., id. 6, 1024:manus,
i.e. with the fingers spread apart, Quint. 11, 3, 103:raraque non fracto vestigia pulvere pendent,
i.e. scarcely visible, Stat. Th. 6, 640.—Transf.A.Of things which stand apart from each other, far apart, here and there, scattered, thin, scanty ( = disjectus;2.opp. densus, confertus): cum raris disjectisque ex aedificiis pabulum conquireretur,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 10; cf.:vides habitari in terrā raris et angustis in locis,
scattered, Cic. Rep. 6, 19, 20:apparent rari nantes,
Verg. A. 1, 118:foramina,
Lucr. 5, 457:bacae expanduntur rarae,
Plin. 17, 10, 11, § 60:frutices in vertice,
Ov. H. 10, 25:coma,
id. Am. 1, 8, 111; cf. capillus. Suet. Calig. 50:racemi,
Verg. E. 5, 7:umbra,
id. ib. 7, 46:arbores,
Nep. Milt. 5, 3:tela,
Ov. M. 12, 600 et saep. — Poet.:manat rara meas lacrima per genas,
drop by drop, Hor. C. 4, 1, 34. —In partic., in military lang., far apart, here and there, scattered about, dispersed, straggling, single (opp. confertus). accedebat huc, ut numquam conferti, sed rari magnisque intervallis proeliarentur, Caes. B. G. 5, 16; cf.:B.rari in confertos illati,
Liv. 23, 27:ipsi ex silvis rari propugnabant,
Caes. B. G. 5, 9; 5, 17; 7, 45; 7, 80; id. B. C. 1, 27 fin.:Samnites raris ordinibus constiterant,
Liv. 9, 27; Curt. 4, 14, 14:rara est acies,
Verg. A. 9, 508:rarior acies,
Tac. H. 3, 25; Front. Strat. 3, 10, 4:rarior acies,
Curt. 4, 15, 20: ut ordines suos non magnopere servarent. [p. 1525] rari dispersique pugnarent, Caes. B. C. 1, 44; cf. Tac. Agr. 37 fin.; Front. Strat. 1, 5, 23.—Of any thing found in small numbers or which seldom takes place, few, rare (cf. paucus):b.in omni arte... ut in ipsă virtute, optimum quidque rarissimum,
Cic. Fin. 2, 25, 81; cf.:rarum genus (amicorum) et quidem omnia praeclara rara,
id. Lael. 21, 79:raris ac prope nullis portibus,
Caes. B. G. 3, 12 fin.; cf.:etiamsi rarus ejus rei, nonnullus tamen usus,
Quint. 8, 6, 30:rarus enim est animus ad ea defendenda,
Sall. H. 3, 61, 7 Dietsch:Idem rarum est, non sine usu tamen,
Quint. 5, 11, 42:rari domos, plurimi amicorum tecta... petivere,
Tac. H. 1, 79 fin.:Oceanus raris ab orbe nostro navibus aditur,
id. G. 2:aliquod solitarium aut rarum,
Cic. Inv. 1, 44, 83:ut anteponantur rara vulgaribus,
id. Top. 18, 69:litterae,
Liv. 6, 1; cf. id. 7, 3:rara hostium apparebant arma,
id. 2, 50:lites,
Quint. 7, 1, 43:infelicitas,
id. 11, 2, 49:quae (littera) est apud nos rarissima in clausulis,
id. 12, 10, 31:quod est magis rarum,
id. 9, 2, 73:ex maxime raro genere hominum,
Cic. Lael. 17, 64; cf. Quint. 7, 3, 25:raris vocibus hisco,
Verg. A. 3, 314:rara per ignotos errent animalia montes,
id. E. 6, 40:audiet pugnas vitio parentum Rara juventus,
Hor. C. 1, 2, 24. —Rarum est, with ut:rarum est, ut, etc.,
Quint. 3, 10, 3; 6, 3, 38; 10, 7, 24:rarum dictu, esse aliquid, cui prosit neglegentia,
Plin. 18, 16, 39, § 140.—Mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose for the adv. raro, seldom, rarely:2.nec Iliacos coetus nisi rarus adibat,
Ov. M. 11, 766; cf.:rarus, qui tam procul a portu recessisset, reperiebatur,
Quint. 12, prooem. § 3; so,rarus fuit, qui, etc.,
id. 6, 2, 3:antiquis scriptoribus rarus obtrectator,
Tac. A. 4, 33; Sall. H. Fragm. 3, 22, p. 233 Gerl.:Caesar rarus egressu,
Tac. A. 15, 53; cf.:leones rari in potu,
Plin. 8, 16, 18, § 46:(calculus) rarus inventu,
id. 28, 15, 61, § 217; cf.:helxine rara visu est,
id. 21, 16, 56, § 96:Homerus alias circa picturas pigmentaque rarus,
i. e. rarely speaks of them, id. 33, 7, 38, § 115 —Poet., in partic., uncommon of its kind, scarce, rare, extraordinary, remarkable:A.rara puella fuit,
Prop. 1, 17, 16; so,Cynthia,
id. 1, 8, 42:ministra deae,
id. 4 (5), 11, 52; cf.:rara quidem facie, sed rarior arte canendi,
Ov. M. 14, 337:facies,
id. H. 17, 93 Ruhnk.:vestis,
Cat. 69, 3:avis (sc. pavo),
Hor. S. 2, 2, 26:fides,
id. C. 1, 35, 21:artis opus rarae,
Tib. 3, 4, 37:patulis rarissima ramis,
Ov. M. 7, 622:rarissima turba,
id. A. A. 2, 281:rarissimi ingenii homo,
Sen. Contr. 28:conjux rarissima,
Stat. S. 5, 1, 11.— Hence, adv., usually raro (class.), but sometimes rare (ante - class. and postAug.), rarenter (ante- and post - class.), or rariter (late Lat.).Form rārō:B.raro nimium dabat quod biberem,
Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 20:potavi, edi, donavi, et enim id raro,
id. Bacch. 4, 10, 6:si id, quod raro fit, fieri omnino negetur,
Cic. Inv. 1, 43, 80:evenire insolenter et raro (opp. vulgo),
id. ib. 1, 28, 43:vinum aegrotis prodest raro, nocet saepissime,
id. N. D. 3, 27, 69; id. de Or. 3, 52, 101; cf. id. Or. 24, 80:sed tamen raro habet in oratione poeticum aliquod verbum dignitatem,
id. de Or. 3, 38, 153:raro antecedentem scelestum Deseruit poena,
Hor. C. 3, 2, 31: admodum raro, Cic. Fat. Fragm. ap. Macr. S. 2, 12;for which we find raro admodum,
Quint. 11, 1, 14; Plin. 2, 50, 51, § 135:raro umquam,
Quint. 4, 1, 4; 5, 7, 22; Plin. 22, 22, 46, § 93:ita raro,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 13, 37:sic raro,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 1:tam raro,
Ov. M. 13, 117:quam raro,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 25:perquam raro,
Plin. 37, 4, 15, § 55.— Comp.:quod si rarius fiet, quam tu exspectabis,
Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1.— Sup.:istud rarissime accidere,
Col. 5, 5, 7:non affari nisi rarissime,
Suet. Claud. 3.—Form rārē (acc. to I.), far apart, thinly, sparsely, here and there:2. C.nisi rare conseritur, vanam et minutam spicam facit,
Col. 2, 9, 5:tenui vimine rarius contextus saccus,
id. 9, 15, 12.—Form rārenter, seldom, rarely:D.dato rarenter bibere,
Cato, R. R. 103; so, rarenter, Liv. And., Enn., Caecil., Nov., Trab., Pompon. ap. Non. 515, 23 sq.; 164, 25 sq.; App. Flor. 3, p. 357, 22. —Form rārĭter (very rare): quidquid fit rariter, magis delectat, Schol. Juv. 11, 208. -
36 intervallum
inter-vallum, i, n., prop., the open space within the mound or breastwork of a camp, the space between two palisades.I.Lit.: opus, pedum sexaginta, quod est inter vallum et legiones... a quibusdam intervallum [p. 987] cognominatum, Hyg. de Munit. Cast. 6:B.intervalla sunt spatia inter capita vallorum,
Isid. 15, 9, 2.—In gen., space between, interval, distance:II.trabes directae, paribus intervallis in solo collocantur. Ea autem intervalla grandibus saxis effarciuntur,
Caes. B. G. 7, 23:pari intervallo,
at an equal distance, id. ib. 1, 43:respiciens videt magnis intervallis sequentes,
Liv. 1, 25:unius signi,
Cic. N. D. 2, 20:digitorum,
Suet. Dom. 19:sonorum,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 18:locorum et temporum,
id. Fam. 1, 7:ex intervallo,
from a distance, Liv. 48, 44, 8:proximus longo intervallo insequi,
Verg. A. 5, 320:juvenes modicis intervallis disponere,
Suet. Aug. 49:quinque milium intervallo,
Liv. 23, 29:mille passuum intervallo distantes,
id. 33, 1 saep.—Transf.A.Interval of time, intermission, respite:B.annuum regni,
an interregnum, Liv. 1, 17:sine intervallo loquacitas,
i. e. incessant, Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 185:dolor si longus, levis, dat enim intervalla,
relaxes sometimes, id. Fin. 2, 29, 94:litterarum,
id. Fam. 7, 18:intervallum jam hos dies multos fuit,
Plaut. Men. 1, 1, 28:distinctio et aequalium et saepe variorum intervallorum numerum conficit,
Cic. de Or. 3, 48, 186; cf. the context. —A pause:C.flumen aliis verborum volubilitasque cordi est: distincta alios et interpuncta intervalla, morae, respirationesque delectant,
Cic. Or. 16:trochaeus temporibus et intervallis est par iambo,
id. ib. 57:ut te tanto intervallo viderem,
after so long a time, id. Fam. 15, 14:vocem paululum attenuata crebris intervallis et divisionibus oportet uti,
Auct. Her. 3, 14, 24:tanto ex intervallo,
Quint. 11, 2, 5; Liv. 3, 38:intervallo dicere,
after a pause, Cic. Or. 66: ex intervallo, farther on, lower down (in the discourse), Gell. 15, 12, 4:sine intervallo cibum dare,
without loss of time, Varr. R. R. 2, 1: dare quippiam alicui per intervalla, at intervals, i. e. from time to time, Plin. 8, 42, 66, § 164 (al. intervalla dantur):per intervallum adventantes,
Tac. A. 4, 73:scelerum,
time for the perpetration of crimes, id. ib. 3.—Difference, dissimilitude:D.videte, quantum intervallum sit interjectum inter majorum consilia, et istorum dementiam,
Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 89; id. Rab. Perd. 5, 15.—An interval in music, Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146.inter-vectus,.a, um, adj. [veho], carried up, raised up (post-class.):inter-vello,.arbores,
Jul. Val. Res Gest. Alex. M. 3, 38.vulsi (rarely velli, v. infra), vulsum, 3, v. a., to pluck, pull, or pick out here and there, to lop, prune (post-Aug.).I.In partic., to pluck out here and there, to thin. —Of wings:II.ne ego homo infelix fui qui non alas intervelli (sc. vocis),
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 170.—Of the beard:isti, qui aut vellunt barbam, aut intervellunt,
Sen. Ep. 114, 20. — Of fruit and trees, to pluck here and there, to prune:poma intervelli melius est, ut quae relicta sint, grandescant,
Plin. 17, 27, 47, § 260:arbores,
Col. 5, 10:semina,
id. 4, 33, 3. —In gen., to tear out, take away:num aliquid ex illis intervelli, atque ex tempore dicendis inseri possit,
Quint. 12, 9, 17:quae ita sunt natura copulata, ut mutari aut intervelli sine confusione non possint,
id. 10, 7, 5. -
37 cedo
1.cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3, v. n. and a. [perh. for cecado, redupl. from cado], to go, i. e. to be in motion, move, walk, go along.I.In gen.A.Lit. (rare, and only poet.: for which, in the common lang., incedo);B.candidatus cedit hic mastigia,
Plaut. Cas. 2, 8, 10:non prorsus, verum transvorsus cedit, quasi cancer,
id. Ps. 4, 1, 45; cf. id. ib. 1, 3, 74; Hor. S. 2, 1, 65.—More freq.,Trop.1.Like ire, to have some result, to eventuate, happen, result, turn out, to work; and, acc. to its connection, to turn out well or ill, to succeed or fail:2.gesta quae prospere ei cesserunt,
Nep. Timoth. 4, 6; Sall. C. 26, 5; Tac. A. 1, 28:cetera secundum eventum proelii cessura,
id. H. 3, 70; Suet. Aug. 91; Gell. 4, 5, 4:bene,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 31; Ov. M. 8, 862; Plin. Pan. 44 fin.:optime,
Quint. 10, 7, 14:male,
Hor. S. 2, 1, 31; and:male alicui,
Ov. M. 10, 80; Suet. Claud. 26; cf. Verg. A. 12, 148; Quint. 10, 2, 16:utcumque cesserit,
Curt. 7, 4, 16; cf. Suet. Calig. 53; Tac. Agr. 18:parum,
Suet. Claud. 34:opinione tardius,
id. Ner. 33:pro bono,
id. Tit. 7:in vanum (labor),
Sen. Hippol. 183. —Cedere pro aliquā re, to be equivalent to, to go for something, to be the price of:II.oves, quae non peperint, binae pro singulis in fructu cedent,
Cato, R. R. 150, 2; Col. 12, 14; Tac. G. 14; Pall. Sept. 1, 4.—In partic.A.In respect to the terminus a quo.1.To go from somewhere, to remove, withdraw, go away from, depart, retire (freq. and class.):b.cedunt de caelo corpora avium,
Enn. Ann. 96 Vahl.:quia postremus cedis,
Plaut. Men. 5, 7, 29:ego cedam atque abibo,
Cic. Mil. 34, 93:cedens carinā,
Cat. 64, 249; cf. id. 64, 53:quoquam,
Lucr. 5, 843:aliquo sucus de corpore cessit,
id. 3, 223:coma de vertice,
Cat. 66, 39:e toto corpore anima,
Lucr. 3, 210:ex ingratā civitate,
Cic. Mil. 30, 81:e patriā,
id. Phil. 10, 4, 8:patriā,
id. Mil. 25, 68:Italiā,
id. Phil. 10, 4, 8; Nep. Att. 9, 2; Tac. A. 2, 85 fin. —Milit. t. t.:c.de oppidis,
to abandon, go away from, Cic. Att. 7, 22, 2:loco,
to yield, give up his post, Nep. Chabr. 1, 2; Liv. 2, 47, 3; Tac. G. 6; Suet. Aug. 24 et saep.:ex loco,
Liv. 3, 63, 1:ex acie,
id. 2, 47, 2.—In commercial lang. t. t.: foro, to withdraw from the market, i. e. to give up business, be insolvent, stop payment, Dig. 16, 3, 7, § 2; Sen. Ben. 4, 39, 2; Juv. 11, 50.—So also,d.Bonis or possessionibus (alicui), to give up or cede one ' s property or interest (in favor of a person):2.alicui hortorum possessione,
Cic. Mil. 27, 75; so id. Off. 2, 23, 82; cf. Suet. Tib. 10; id. Caes. 72; id. Ner. 35; id. Gram. 11.— Hence of debtors, to make over their property instead of payment; cf. Dig. 42, 3, tit. de cessione bonorum.—Pregn. (cf. abeo, II.), to pass away, disappear; and specif.,a.Of men, to die:b. c.vitā,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 35; Hor. S. 1, 1, 119:e vita,
Cic. Brut. 1, 4; Plin. Pan. 43, 4; cf.senatu,
to withdraw from, Tac. A. 2, 48; 11, 25.—Of other things: pudor ex pectore cessit, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 250, 26:3.memoriā,
Liv. 2, 33, 9 (for which:excedere memoriā,
Liv. 7, 32, 15; and:excedere e memoriā,
id. 26, 13, 5):non Turno fiducia cessit,
Verg. A. 9, 126:cedant curaeque metusque,
Stat. S. 1, 2, 26 et saep.; cf. cesso.—Trop.: cedere alicui or absol., to yield to one (to his superiority), to give the preference or precedence, give place to, submit to (class.; esp. freq. in the histt., of the weaker party, withdrawing, fleeing from).a.To yield to, give place to:b.quācumque movemur, (aër) videtur quasi locum dare et cedere,
Cic. N. D. 2, 33, 83:cedebat victa potestas,
Lucr. 5, 1271:ubi vinci necesse est, expedit cedere,
Quint. 6, 4, 16; 11, 1, 17; 12, 10, 47; cf. Sall. J. 51, 1:Viriatho exercitus nostri imperatoresque cesserunt,
Cic. Off. 2, 11, 40; Nep. Ham. 1, 2; Sall. J. 51, 4; Liv. 2, 10, 7; Tac. A. 1, 56; 4, 51; Suet. Tib. 16 et saep.:Pelides cedere nescius,
Hor. C. 1, 6, 6:di, quibus ensis et ignis Cesserunt,
i. e. who remained unhurt in the destruction of Troy, Ov. M. 15, 862:eidem tempori, ejusdem furori, eisdem consulibus, eisdem minis, insidiis, periculis,
Cic. Sest. 29, 63; so,fortunae,
Sall. C. 34, 2:invidiae ingratorum civium,
Nep. Cim. 3, 2:majorum natu auctoritati,
id. Timoth. 3, 4:nocti,
Liv. 3, 17, 9, and 3, 60, 7; 4, 55, 5; cf. Quint. 5, 11, 9:loco iniquo, non hosti cessum,
Liv. 8, 38, 9:oneri,
Quint. 10, 1, 24:vincentibus vitiis,
id. 8, 3, 45:malis,
Verg. A. 6, 95 et saep.—To yield to in rank, distinction, etc., i. e. to be inferior to:c.cum tibi aetas nostra jam cederet, fascesque summitteret,
Cic. Brut. 6, 22:nullā aliā re nisi immortalitate cedens caelestibus,
id. N. D. 2, 61, 153:neque multum cedebant virtute nostris,
Caes. B. G. 2, 6; Quint. 1, 6, 36: Picenis cedunt pomis Tiburtia suco;Nam facie praestant,
Hor. S. 2, 4, 70; so,anseribus (candore),
Ov. M. 2, 539:laudibus lanificae artis,
id. ib. 6, 6;5, 529: cum in re nullā Agesilao cederet,
Nep. Chabr. 2, 3; Quint. 10, 1, 108:alicui de aliquā re,
Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 80:alicui re per aliquid,
id. 33, 3, 19, § 59.— Impers.:ut non multum Graecis cederetur,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; Liv. 24, 6, 8. —To comply with the wishes, to yield to one:4.cessit auctoritati amplissimi viri vel potius paruit,
Cic. Lig. 7, 21; cf. Tac. A. 12, 5:precibus,
Cic. Planc. 4, 9:cessit tibi blandienti Cerberus,
Hor. C. 3, 11, 15;cf,
id. Ep. 1, 18, 43 sq.; Verg. A. 2, 704; 3, 188; Ov. M. 6, 32; 6, 151; 9, 13;9, 16: omnes in unum cedebant,
Tac. A. 6, 43; 3, 16; cf. id. ib. 12, 10 and 41.—Hence,Act.: cedere (alicui) aliquid = concedere, to grant, concede, allow, give up, yield, permit something to some one:B.permitto aliquid iracundiae tuae, do adulescentiae, cedo amicitiae, tribuo parenti,
Cic. Sull. 16, 46:multa multis de jure suo,
id. Off. 2, 18, 64:currum ei,
Liv. 45, 39, 2:victoriam hosti,
Just. 32, 4, 7:alicui pellicem et regnum,
id. 10, 2, 3:imperium,
id. 22, 7, 4:possessionem,
Dig. 41, 2, 1:in dando et cedendo loco,
Cic. Brut. 84, 290.—Also with a clause as object, Stat. Th. 1, 704 (but in Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 67, read credit).—And with ut and subj.:hac victoriā contenta plebes cessit patribus, ut in praesentiā tribuni crearentur, etc.,
Liv. 6, 42, 3; Tac. A. 12, 41: non cedere with quominus, Quint. 5, 7, 2.—In respect to the terminus ad quem, to arrive, attain to, come somewhere:2.cedunt, petunt,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 5, 43:ibi ad postremum cedit miles, aes petit,
id. ib. 3, 5, 52.—Trop.:C.hoc cedere ad factum volo,
come to its execution, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 102.—Cedere alicui or in aliquem, to come to, fall ( as a possession) to one, to fall to his lot or share, [p. 308] accrue:D.ut is quaestus huic cederet,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 70, § 170:captiva corpora Romanis cessere,
Liv. 31, 46, 16:nolle ominari quae captae urbi cessura forent,
id. 23, 43, 14; Verg. A. 3, 297; 3, 333; 12, 17; 12, 183; Hor. C. 3, 20, 7; Ov. M. 5, 368; 4, 533:undae cesserunt piscibus habitandae,
id. ib. 1, 74 al.:alicui in usum,
Hor. S. 2, 2, 134:Lepidi atque Antonii arma in Augustum cessere,
Tac. A. 1, 1; so id. H. 3, 83; id. Agr. 5; id. A. 2, 23:aurum ex hostibus captum in paucorum praedam cessisse,
Liv. 6, 14, 12; Curt. 7, 6, 16; Tac. A. 15, 45; for which: cedere praedae (dat.) alicujus, Liv. 43, 19, 12; and:praeda cedit alicui,
Hor. C. 3, 20, 7:ab Tullo res omnis Albana in Romanum cesserit imperium,
Liv. 1, 52, 2; Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 174:in dicionem M. Antonii provinciae cesserant,
Tac. H. 5, 9.—Cedere in aliquid, like abire in aliquid (v. abeo, II.), to be changed or to pass into something, to be equivalent to or become something:2.poena in vicem fidei cesserat,
Liv. 6, 34, 2; cf.:temeritas in gloriam cesserat,
Curt. 3, 6, 18; Plin. 35, 10, 36, § 91; Tac. H. 2, 59 fin.; id. G. 36; Plin. Pan. 83, 4:in proverbium,
Plin. 23, 1, 23, § 42:in exemplorum locum,
Quint. 5, 11, 36.—Hence, * cēdenter, adv. of the part. pres. cedens (not used as P. a.), by yielding, Cael. Aur. Acut. 3, 16, 129.cĕdo, old imperat. form, whose contr. plur. is cette (cf. Prob. II. p. 1486 P.; Non. p. 84, 31 sq.) [compounded of the particle -ce and the root da-; v. 1. do], hither with it! here! give! tell, say (implying great haste, familiarity, authority, and so differing from praebe, dic, etc.); cf. Key, § 731.I. (α).With acc.:(β).cette manus vestras measque accipite,
Enn. Trag. 320 Vahl.:cedo aquam manibus,
give water! Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 150:puerum, Phidippe, mihi cedo: ego alam,
Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 86:tuam mi dexteram,
Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 28; so Ter. Heaut. 3, 1, 84; and:cette dextras,
Plaut. Merc. 5, 4, 4:senem,
bring hither the old man, Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 7:convivas,
Plaut. Ps. 3, 2, 101:quemvis arbitrum,
Ter. Ad. 1, 2, 43: eum aliquis cette in conspectum, Att. ap. Non. p. 85, 1:cedo illum,
Phaedr. 5, 2, 6.—Absol.: Al. En pateram tibi: eccam. Am. Cedo mi, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 146. —II.Esp.A.Let us hear, tell, out with it:B.age, age, cedo istuc tuom consilium: quid id est?
Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 91:unum cedo auctorem tui facti, unius profer exemplum,
Cic. Verr 2, 5, 26, § 67:cedo mihi unum, qui, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 3, 12, § 29: cedo, si vos in eo loco essetis, quid aliud fecissetis? Cato ap. Quint. 9, 2, 21: cedo, cujum puerum hic apposuisti? dic mihi. Ter. And. 4, 4, 24; cf. Naev. ap. Cic. Sen. 6, 20; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 82; Pac. ap. Non. p. 85, 6; Cic. Part. Or. 1, 3:cedo igitur, quid faciam,
Ter. And. 2, 3, 9; cf. Cic. Div. 2, 71, 146; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 106: cedo, si conata peregit, tell how, if, etc., Juv. 13, 210; so id. 6, 504.—With dum:cedo dum, en unquam audisti, etc.?
Ter. Phorm. 2, 2, 15.—In respect to action, cedo = fac, ut, grant that, let me:C.cedo ut bibam,
Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 26:cedo ut inspiciam,
id. Curc. 5, 2, 54:ego, statim, cedo, inquam si quid ab Attico,
Cic. Att. 16, 13, a, 1.—For calling attention, lo! behold! well! cedo mihi leges Atinias, Furias, Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 42, § 109:cedo mihi ipsius Verris testimonium,
id. ib. 2, 1, 33, § 84; id. N. D. 1, 27, 75; cf. id. Brut. 86, 295; id. Sest. 50, 108:haec cedo ut admoveam templis, et farre litabo,
Pers. 2, 75:cedo experiamur,
App. Mag. p. 298, 14. -
38 dissero
1.dis-sĕro, sēvi (serui, poet. ap. Macr. S. 2, 14, 12), sĭtum, 3, v. a., to scatter seed, to sow here and there, to sow (rare):II.Caeciliana (lactuca) mense Januario recte disseritur,
Col. 11, 3, 26:semina in areolas,
id. 11, 2, 30; cf.:res in arcas (olitor),
Varr. L. L. 6, § 64 Müll.:dissita pars animae per totum corpus,
Lucr. 3, 143; cf. id. ib. 377; 4, 888.—To fix in the earth at intervals, to plant here and there:2.taleae mediocribus intermissis spatiis disserebantur,
Caes. B. G. 7, 73 fin.dis-sĕro, rŭi, rtum ( part. perf. disserta, first in Hier. in Isa. 4, 11; class. form dĭsertus, as a P. a., is very freq.; v. under P. a.), 3, v. a.— Lit., to set forth in order, arrange distinctly; hence, to examine, argue, discuss; or (more freq.) to speak, discourse, treat of a thing (good prose and very freq., esp. in Cic. and Quint.—cf.: disputo, discepto).(α).With acc. (so in Cic., and usually only with pronouns, but in Tac. also freq. with nominal subjects):(β).idonea mihi Laelii persona visa est, quae de amicitia ea ipsa dissereret, quae disputata ab eo meminisset Scaevola,
Cic. Lael. 1, 4; cf. id. de Sen. 21, 78:nihil de ea re,
Tac. A. 1, 6:seditiosa de aliqua re,
id. ib. 3, 40:permulta de eloquentia cum Antonio,
Cic. de Or. 2, 3, 13; cf.:haec cum ipsis philosophis,
id. ib. 1, 13, 57:quae inter me et Scipionem de amicitia disserebantur,
id. Lael. 10, 33:qui haec nuper disserere coeperunt, cum corporibus simul animos interire,
id. ib. 4, 13:haec subtilius,
id. ib. 5, 18:aliquid pluribus verbis in senatu,
id. Fam. 12, 7; cf. Sall. J. 30 fin.:ea, quae disputavi,
Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 95; cf. id. Fat. 5; id. Tusc. 1, 11, 23:ea lege, qua credo omnibus in rebus disserendis utendum esse,
id. Rep. 1, 24:pauci bona libertatis incassum disserere,
Tac. A. 1, 4; cf. id. ib. 6, 34; id. H. 3, 81:cujus negotii initium, ordinem, finem curatius disseram,
id. A. 2, 27; cf. id. H. 2, 2 fin.:paucis instituta majorum domi militiaeque, quomodo rem publicam habuerint, etc., disserere,
Sall. C. 5 fin. Kritz.; for the latter constr. with a rel. clause, cf. Quint. praef. § 22, and 1, 10, 22; and with acc. and inf.:malunt disserere, nihil esse in auspiciis, quam quid sit ediscere,
Cic. Div. 1, 47, 105; id. Fin. 4, 1, 2 al.—With de:(γ).Scipio triduum disseruit de re publica,
Cic. Lael. 4, 14; so id. Rep. 1, 23 fin. et saep.; cf.also: consuetudo de omnibus rebus in contrarias partes disserendi,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 9:de Scripturis,
Vulg. Act. 17, 2 et saep.— Pass. impers.:ut inter quos disseritur, conveniat, quid sit id, de quo disseratur,
Cic. Fin. 2, 1 fin. —Less freq. for de, super aliqua re, Gell. 19, 1, 19.—Absol.:A.ut memini Catonem anno ante quam est mortuus mecum et cum Scipione disserere,
Cic. Lael. 3, 11; so,cum aliquo,
id. Rep. 1, 21:ita disseruit: duas esse vias, etc.,
id. Tusc. 1, 30:in disserendo rudes,
id. Rep. 1, 8; cf. id. ib. 3, 16; Quint. 12, 1, 35; 12, 2, 25 al.:causa disserendi,
Cic. Tusc. 3, 3 fin.:ratio disserendi,
id. Fat. 1; cf. id. Fin. 1, 7; id. Ac. 1, 8, 30; and:ars bene disserendi,
id. de Or. 2, 38:adhibita disserendi elegantia,
id. ib. 2, 2 fin.; cf.:disserendi subtilitas,
id. de Or. 1, 15, 68 et saep. —Hence, dĭsertus, a, um (for dissertus. Cf.:difficultas laborque discendi disertam negligentiam reddidit. Malunt enim disserere, nihil esse in auspiciis, quam quid sit ediscere,
Cic. Div. 1, 47, 105; and: disertus a disserendo dictus, Paul. ex Fest. p. 72, 15), P. a., skilful in speaking on a subject; clear, methodical in speaking; well-spoken, fluent (less than eloquens, eloquent:disertos cognosse me nonnullos, eloquentem adhuc neminem, etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 21; and id. Or. 5, 18; cf. also: facundus, loquax, dicax).Prop.:B.disertorum oratione delenitus... utilitates non a sapientibus et fortibus viris sed a disertis et ornate dicentibus esse constitutae,
Cic. de Or. 1, 9, 36; cf. id. Phil. 2, 39 fin.; id. Rep. 1, 3; Quint. 2, 3, 7 et saep.; Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 19; id. A. P. 370; Ov. M. 13, 228; id. Tr. 3, 11, 21; Mart. 9, 12, 16 et saep.—Cf. also, ora, Ov. Tr. 3, 11, 20; and poet., Arpi, because within its limits Cicero was born, Mart. 4, 55:leporum disertus puer,
Cat. 12, 9:callidus et disertus homo,
i. e. sagacious, shrewd, Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 10.— Comp., Cic. de Or. 3, 32, 129 (with eloquentior).— Sup., Cic. Phil. 2, 43, 111; id. de Or. 1, 54, 231; id. Brut. 91, 315; Cat. 49, 1.—Transf., of discourse:(α).illam orationem disertam sibi et oratoriam videri, fortem et virilem non videri,
Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 231; cf.historia,
id. Brut. 26:epilogus,
id. Att. 4, 15, 4:verba,
Ov. Pont. 3, 5, 8 al.; Quint. 1, 8, 4; cf. id. 2, 11, 5; 8 prooem. § 24; 8, 2, 21.— Comp.:sententia,
Sen. Ep. 21.— Sup.:litterae,
Cic. Att. 7, 2 fin.—Adv., clearly, expressly, distinctly; eloquently.dĭserte, Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 31; Afran. ap. Non. 509, 23; Liv. 21, 19 Fabri ad loc.; id. 42, 25, 4 al.; Cic. de Or. 1, 10 fin.; id. Tusc. 5, 9, 24; id. Att. 4, 1, 6; id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 10; Quint. 12, 1, 30; [p. 595] Tac. Or. 9, 26.—(β).dĭsertim, Liv. Andr., Att. Trag. v. 350 Rib. (ap. Non. 509, 25 sq.); Titin. Com. v. 150 Rib. (ap. Non. ib.); Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 87.—b.Comp., Mart. 3, 38.—c.Sup., Liv. 39, 28; Quint. 6, 2, 26. -
39 aliubi
ălĭŭbĭ, adv. [2. alius-ubi], a rare form for the contr. alibi, elsewhere (once in Varr.; in Plin. far less freq. than alibi; never in connection with the negatives non, nec, nec usquam; a few times in Seneca and in the Digg.)I.Vetant hoc aliubi venti, Plin. 14, 1, 3, § 14; so id. 13, 4, 7, § 28; 17, 2, 2, § 16.—II.Esp.A.Repeated in different clauses: aliubi... aliubi, in one place... in another; here... there (cf. alibi):B.aliubi cum decimo redeat, aliubi cum quinto decimo,
Varr. R. R. 1, 44:aliubi pro aquā, aliubi pro pabulo pendunt,
Plin. 12, 14, 32, § 65; so id. 22, 18, 21, § 45; 34, 14, 41, § 145; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 5.—Aliubi atque aliubi, here and there, now here, now there:Mutatio voluntatis indicat animum natare, aliubi atque aliubi apparere, prout tulit ventus,
Sen. Ep. 35 fin.:aliubi atque aliubi diversa poena est,
in different places, id. Ben. 3, 6, 2:eadem aquatilium genera aliubi atque aliubi meliora,
Plin. 9, 54, 79, § 168. -
40 citrō
citrō adv. [dat. of citer], to this side; only in the phrase ultro citroque, ultro et citro, or, ultro citro, hither and thither, this way and that, here and there, to and fro, backwards and forwards, reciprocally: ultro citro commeantibus: ultro citroque mitti, Cs.: datā ultro citroque fide, L.: inplicati ultro et citro officiis.* * *to this side; on/by both sides/partiesw/ultro/et -- here - there, to - fro
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