-
41 cigarito
A cigarette or small cigar. OED: 1844. Not referenced in Spanish sources; however, the DRAE references cigarrillo as a small cigar made of shredded tobacco wrapped in a piece of smoking paper, i.e., a cigarette.Alternate forms: cigarillo, cigarrillo, cigarrito, segarrito. -
42 cimarrón
( cimarrón [simaron], probably < cima 'summit, top' because cimarrones fled to the mountaintops < Latin cyma)1) Southwest: 1844. A bighorn or mountain sheep ( Ovis canadensis)2) According to Watts, the cimarrones were "the wild black cattle of Texas."3) Texas: 1892. Any wild or solitary creature. Blevins notes that it sometimes referred to a runaway slave or a person who separated himself from civilized society. This term is often used in place names in the Southwest. The DRAE gives several meanings for cimarrón. It is used in America to mean a tame animal that has escaped and become wild or a wild animal that has never been domesticated. It also means a runaway slave. Santamaría notes that it means wild or untame in general and that it is used in Mexico to refer to a wild plant or animal when there is a domesticated breed of the same name. For instance, a wild duck is called a pato cimarrón.Alternate forms: cimmaron, simarron. -
43 cocinero
(Sp. model spelled same [kosinéro]< Latin coquinarium 'cook')Texas: 1845. According to Watts, a cook on a ranch or trail drive. Spanish sources gloss this term as a cook.Alternate forms: cocenero, coosie, coosy, coshinera, cosi, cosinero, cusi, cusie. -
44 colear
(Sp. model spelled same [koléar] < cola < Vulgar Latin coda 'tail' < Latin cauda; the /l/ may result from a blend with the Spanish culo 'bottom or backside')New Mexico: 1844. Used as a verb, it means "to throw an animal by the tail," according to the DARE. As a noun, it refers to the act of throwing an animal in such a way. The DRAE defines colear as a transitive verb (used in the context of a bullfight) meaning to throw a bull by the tail, especially when the bull is about to charge a fallen picador. The DRAE also notes that in Mexico and Venezuela, it means to catch a bull by the tail while riding by on horseback and then, holding the animal's tail under the right leg against the saddle, to throw the bull with a lunge by the horse. Santamaría concurs.Alternate forms: to colear (verb), coleo (noun), colliar. -
45 conchas
Ornaments, usually made of silver, used to decorate saddles and other pieces of riding gear, including the chaps, saddleskirt, spurs, etc. Concha is Spanish for 'shell.' Cobos notes that in New Mexico and Southern Colorado Spanish, a concha may be a disc made of nickel or leather that serves as a washer for saddle strings, or a shell-shaped disc made of silver or copper used on Navajo Indian belts. With the exception of Cobos, Spanish sources do not reference the term as a silver decoration; it is evident that the southwestern definition is an extension of the meaning of 'shell' and refers to the shape of the decorations.Alternate forms: chonchos, conchos. -
46 cooncan
( conquián [koŋkján], the name of a card game)Arizona: 1889. According to the DARE, "a card game similar to rummy" played in the Southwest and the South. The DARE also indicates that this term is mistakenly thought to derive from con quién, in Mexican Spanish. The term actually derives from Spanish conquián, which Santamaría and Cobos gloss as a card game.Alternate forms: conquain, coon can, councan. -
47 corral
(Sp. model spelled same [korál], a term of uncertain origin common to Spanish, Catalan, Portuguese, Galician, and Occitan. It is related to Spanish and Portuguese corro 'enclosure' or 'circle of people,' but it is uncertain which of the two terms derives from which. Corominas notes that corral was probably the original term; if so, it derives from Vulgar Latin * curralem 'race track' or 'place where vehicles are enclosed' < Latin currum 'cart')1) DARE: 1829. A pen or enclosure for horses or livestock. Such pens were generally made of wooden posts and slatting or other fencing material, but they could be constructed of rope or adobe walls (Watts notes that the latter was used to protect herds from pillaging Indians).2) Rocky Mountains: 1848. A group of wagons drawn into a circle for defense.3) DARE: 1859. According to a quote included in the DARE, a correll was a hedge built around a campsite to protect travelers from the wind.4) OED: 1847. As a verb, corral means to herd animals into an enclosure, or (5) to draw wagons into a circle.6) OED: 1860. Blevins notes that, by extension from (4), to corral is to gain control of anything. Hendrickson includes a quote from the New York Times (1867) that demonstrates the variety of meanings the term corral had in the West at that time: "If a man is embarrassed in any way, he is 'cor-raled.' Indians 'corral' men on the plains; storms 'corral' tourists. The criminal is 'corraled' in prison, the gambler 'corrals' the dust of the miner." The DRAE references corral as an enclosed, uncovered place in a home or a field that serves as a pen for animals. The additional meanings above are not referenced in Spanish sources, but are extensions of the original meaning.Alternate forms: coral, corel, corell, corrale, correll, coural. -
48 cuidado
(Sp. model spelled same [kwiðáðo], imperfective participle of cuidar < Latin cogitare 'to think,' and, by extension 'to pay attention' or 'to attend to')New Mexico: 1846. An exclamation meaning 'watch out' or 'beware,' also common in General Spanish. Buckaroos and bandidos who ran afoul of the law may have found themselves "on the cuidado" 'hiding out from the law.'Alternate forms: ciudado, cuidáo, quidow. -
49 cuna
(Sp. model spelled same [kúna] < Latin cuna 'cradle')According to Watts, a cowhide stretched under a wagon to carry fuel and equipment. Spanish sources do not reference this meaning, but this carrying device likely received its name because it is similar in shape to a cuna or child's cradle.Alternate forms: cooney, coonie, cuña.Also called bitch, caboose, coosie, possum belly. -
50 dally
( dale vuelta [dále bwéjta]< dar 'to give' < Latin dare 'to give' plus dative pronoun le and vuelta [bwéjta] 'a turn,' nominalized participial form of volver 'to return' < Latin volvere 'to roll, turn around'; the theory that this term derived from the infinitive form dar la vuelta 'to take the turn' is less plausible).1) West: 1921. As a verb, to pass the rope around the saddlehorn after making a throw in order to bring an animal down; to snub. This is an early technique, associated with the Mexican vaqueros. Blevins notes that in Texas the more popular technique was the "hard-and-fast" method, in which ropers would secure one end of the rope to the saddlehorn before making a throw.Alternate forms: dale, dalebuelta, dally welta, dolly, dolly welter.2) Arizona: 1915. As a noun, a turn of the rope around the saddlehorn. Neither of these meanings is referenced in Spanish sources. In Spanish, dale vuelta has the general meaning of 'give it a turn.' Clark provides a third meaning for the term: to move slowly, "as if a brake had been applied." Clark's suggestion that this is an extension of one of the above meanings is unfounded; the OED references dally with this meaning and attests to its use in English as early as 1538. -
51 dogie
(origin uncertain, see below)1) West: 1888. A motherless calf; a young, scrawny calf; a runt.Alternate forms: doge, dogee, dogey, doghie, dogie calf, dogy, doughie.2) Arizona, California: 1921. By extension, a motherless lamb. Also dogie lamb.3) Adams indicates this term sometimes means a laced shoe.4) According to Blevins, also used adjectivally in a humorous way for anything doomed to failure or "unlikely to survive." The origin of this term is uncertain, but there are many theories. Hendrickson provides several possibilities. The term may be from "dough-guts," referring to the swollen bellies of orphaned calves, or it may derive from "doggie," a playful way to refer to young calves. This latter etymology does not explain why the stem vowel of dogie is never pronounced [a] (as in doggie) but as [o]. Hendrickson, among others, also claims that it derives from the Spanish adobe or "dobie." Both he and Blevins also note that it may have derived from Bambara dogo or African Creole dogi, both of which mean 'short' or 'small.' Hendrickson hypothesizes that the term was originally applied by black cowboys. Blevins cites Owen Wister, who believes that the term comes from doga, a term meaning 'trifling stock.' Dale Jarman (personal communication) presents the most convincing etymology. He derives the term from dogal (see above), since these young orphaned calves could be led by a rope tied around the neck. It is possible that some cowpoke who knew enough Spanish to mistakenly identify -al as the common collective suffix, may have coined the blend: supposed Spanish root dog plus the English diminutive. Spanish sources do not reference a similar term.see adobe -
52 fiador
(Sp. model spelled same [fjadór] < fiar 'to guarantee' < Vulgar Latin fldere plus the agentive suffix -dor; 'guarantor')According to Watts, a cord made of rawhide, hair, or white cotton that attaches to a "hackamore" and fits around the neck of the animal, converting the hackamore into a strong halter. The DARE quotes Grant, who provides a more detailed description: "The fiador is a small doubled rope of either horsehair or sashcord that runs through the loops of the hackamore's brow band at the point just below and behind the ears. Then it goes around the neck, is knotted under the throat, and ends in another and lower knot, so tied that it will not slip over the heel button of the bosal." The DRAE gives several definitions for this term, one of them describing a leather strap worn by the outside front animal in a team from the harness to the cheek piece of the bit. As a general term in Spanish, fiador refers to any cord or other item that secures something and assures that it does not slip or fall out of place. Islas glosses the term as the part of the hackamore; a harness strap that secures the hackamore. It is passed around the nape of the animal's neck and tied behind the jawbone.Alternate forms: feador, fiadore, theodore (the latter is a folk-etymology). -
53 fofarraw
( fanfarrón [faŋfarón], an expressive creation that has passed from Spanish into other Romance varieties)1) Clark: 1850s. Trinkets or baubles worn by a vain or bawdy woman; also excessive makeup.2) According to Clark, a term of contempt for a "fancy woman," by extension from (1).3) West: 1848. As an adjective, vain or conceited (obscure).4) DARE: 1940. As an adjective, gaudy or tawdry.5) DARE: 1943. An uproar or hoopla. The DRAE glosses fanfarrón as an adjective describing a person who claims to be something that s/he is not. It especially refers to a cowardly person who boasts of his own bravery. It also refers to things that are showy or trashy.Alternate forms: fofaraw, fofarrow, foforrow, foofarar, foofaraw, foofarraw, fooferaw, foofooraw, forfarrow, forforraw, forforrow, froofraw, froufraw, frufraw, fuforaw, fufurraw. -
54 frijole
( frijol [frixól] < Latin faseolum 'bean' via Galician-Portuguese freixó, and possibly influenced by Mozarabic)DARE: 1831. A kidney or pinto bean, or any similar bean. It may refer to a dried bean or (generally in the plural) to beans prepared with lard and refried until they form a paste. The DRAE indicates that frijol is an Americanism and that the standard spelling is fréjol. Santamaría notes that frijol is the only variant used in the Americas, except in Colombia, where frísol may be heard. Santamaría also indicates that frijol is a general term to describe many varieties of beans. In Mexico, the plural form frijoles refers to a meal made from beans. Cobos concurs. Cecilia Tocaimaza (personal communication) indicates that the singular form refers to dried beans whereas the plural form has reference to the cooked, prepared beans.Alternate forms: freeholies (plural), free-holy, frejol, fricole, frijol, frijole bean.Also called Mexican strawberry. Beans were a common staple in the diet of many a ranch hand and cowboy. -
55 frijolillo
(Sp. model spelled same [frixolíjo] < frijol [see above] plus diminutive suffix - illo; 'little bean')1) Texas: 1886. According to the DARE, "an evergreen shrub or tree ( Sophora secundiflora)."Alternate forms: frigolito, frijolilla, frijolito, frijollito.Also called big-drunk bean, coral bean, mescal bean, mountain laurel, whiskey bean.2) DARE: 1947. A locoweed (including Oxytropis lambertii). See locoweed. Santamaría references many plants by this name, including various leguminous plants native to Mexico. One of these is the S. secundiflora, a northern variety of colorín known as the frijolito in Texas. The seeds of this plant contain a pungent, highly poisonous alkaloid that Indians ingest in small doses to induce intoxication, delirium, and finally, a deep sleep that lasts for several days. It is probably because of its narcotic properties that the plant is known in the Southwest as the whiskey bean or big-drunk bean. Cobos references frijolillo simply as another name for locoweed. -
56 fusil
(Sp. model spelled same [fusil] < French fusil < Vulgar Latin * foclle 'flint' < focus 'fire.' In the Middle Ages, the French term meant 'flint' or 'piece of steel for starting a fire'; later, it referred to the flint that, when struck by the hammer, causes a firearm to discharge. The term finally came to refer to the firearm itself)According to Blevins, "a muzzle-loading musket; a trade musket." Blevins indicates that it refers to a firearm similar to those the Hudson's Bay Company and Northwest Fur Company traded to the Indians. He also notes that it was seldom a musket of fine quality. This term may have come into American English from Spanish or French. It is glossed in the DRAE as a portable firearm designated for use by infantry soldiers in place of a (h) arquebus or musket. It consists of an iron or steel barrel, generally from twenty-four to thirty-two inches long, a firing mechanism, and an encasement that holds the barrel and firing mechanism together. Modern versions of this firearm are of a lesser caliber than earlier models; they may be automatic or semiautomatic, and include a clip.Alternate forms: fuke, fusee, fuzee. -
57 galleta
(Sp. model spelled same [gajéta] < French galette)1) Southwestern California: 1856. According to the DARE, a stiff, dense grass used in the Southwest for forage. It includes several varieties of the genus Hilaria, especialy H. jamesii. Bentley says that it grows to a height of two to four feet and thrives in even the driest of soils. Spanish sources do not reference this meaning.Alternate forms: gaieta, galleta grass, gietta grass.Also called tobosa. -
58 gerga
( jerga [xérga], of uncertain origin; Corominas suggests that it may be from Latin sérica 'cloth or clothing of silk,' although he admits that this etymology presents semantic as well as phonetic difficulties)Carlisle: 1930. According to Watts, a coarse cloth sometimes used as a saddlecloth. Also the saddlecloth itself. The DRAE references jerga as thick, coarse cloth. Islas says that it refers to a coarse woolen cloth of which there are many specific varieties that serve a number of purposes. Santamaría glosses it as a piece of material that fits between two saddle blankets on the back of a horse. Cobos indicates that jerga is often used to cover floors. He notes that in New Mexico and Southern Colorado Spanish, it may also be spelled xerga or gerga.Alternate forms: jerga, xerga, zerga. -
59 grama grass
Alternate forms: gramma, gramma grass, grammar grass, gramme grass.Also called buffalo grass, mesquite grass.2) Arizona: 1872. A muhly grass, especially Muhlenbergia porteri.See also black grama. The DRAE glosses grama as a general term for grass; however, in southwestern English it has developed specific meanings. -
60 grulla
(Sp. model spelled same [gruja], probably derived from the older form gruya or grúa < Latin grüem 'crane.' Corominas indicates that there is no good explanation for the appearance of the grapheme {ll} in this term)1) A crane bird. The DRAE defines it as a long-legged bird that grows to some four feet in height and has a prolonged, conical beak, a head partially covered in red and brown feathers, a long black neck, large round wings, a small tail with long bristly coverts, and gray plumage. It flies high and rests on one leg.2) Central Texas: 1866. Mouse-colored or dark-colored, said of a horse or mule. Spanish sources reference grullo as an adjective to describe an ash-colored or mouse-colored horse.Alternate forms: gruller, grullo, gruya, gruyay, gruyer, gruyo.
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