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141 Caçique /Caçiquismo
Portuguese (and Spanish or Castilian) words for local, regional political boss and the practice and system of local, regional bossism in Portugal and Spain, beginning in the 19th century. The word cacique is derived from the corruption of an Amerindian word in the Caribbean and South America for "chief" or "lord" in the 16th and 17th centuries. In Portugal and Spain, under the constitutional monarchy and later, the local or regional political boss, or cacique, was the central government's informal representative or local authority, who may or may not have held office in the formal administrative system of municipalities, parishes, counties, districts, and provinces. Political parties in the capitals ( Lisbon and Madrid) exercised their influence in the provinces through local figures of importance, such as the mayor of the Câmara Municipal (City Hall), alderman, clerk, or judge, who, come election time, would manage and/or rig elections at the municipal or other levels.The political party based in the capital would depend on the cacique to ensure electoral victory in his area or hometown. To get the requisite votes, the local political boss, then, would have a quid pro quo for the voter: in return for a vote for the indicated party, the cacique would reward the voter (or eleitor, in the Portuguese language) with incentives such as payment in money, a tax break, a job for the voter or a relative, or, in some instances, an excuse from the obligation of serving in the armed forces for a draftee. The systematic use of local bosses in the institution of bossism as described here endured from the last half of the 19th century to the 1920s, under the First Republic, and into the Estado Novo in Portugal, and in the case of Spain, into the Primo de Rivera regime (1923-30).
См. также в других словарях:
alderman — ● alderman, aldermen ou aldermans nom masculin (mot anglais) Magistrat d un conseil municipal en Grande Bretagne, en Irlande et aux États Unis, ou d un conseil de comté dans le Royaume Uni. (Le terme vient d un vieux mot anglo saxon qui désignait … Encyclopédie Universelle
Alderman — ist der historische Titel eines Beigeordneten auf den britischen Inseln der historische Leiter eines Shire im frühen England, siehe Ealdorman Alderman ist der von Ältermann abgeleitete Familienname folgender Personen: Fred Alderman (1905–1998),… … Deutsch Wikipedia
alderman — al·der·man / ȯl dər mən/ n: a member of a city legislative body Merriam Webster’s Dictionary of Law. Merriam Webster. 1996. alderman … Law dictionary
Alderman — Al der*man ([add]l d[ e]r*man), n.; pl. {Aldermen}. [AS. aldormon, ealdorman; ealdor an elder + man. See {Elder}, n.] 1. A senior or superior; a person of rank or dignity. [Obs.] [1913 Webster] Note: The title was applied, among the Anglo Saxons … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Alderman — (spr. Ahldermänn, vom angelsächsischen Ealdormen), 1) in England unter den Angelsachsen der Vorsitzende der Grafschaftsgerichte neben dem Bischof so wie in Kriegs u. Friedenszeiten der oberste Beamte der Grafschaft; er ward vom König gewählt,… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
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Alderman — (engl., spr. áhldrmänn, d.i. Ältester), bei den Angelsachsen Oberbeamter einer Grafschaft, nach der dän. Eroberung Earl (Jarl) genannt; jetzt in England und Nordamerika Mitglied des Stadtrats … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
alderman — ALDERMAN. s. masc. Nom qu on donne en Angleterre à certains Officiers municipaux … Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française 1798
alderman — (n.) O.E. aldormonn (Mercian), ealdormann (W.Saxon) ruler, prince, chief; chief officer of a shire, from aldor, ealder patriarch (comparative of ald old; see OLD (Cf. old)) + monn, mann man (see MAN (Cf. man) (n.)). A relic of the days when the… … Etymology dictionary
alderman — ► NOUN 1) chiefly historical a co opted member of an English county or borough council, next in status to the Mayor. 2) (also alderwoman) N. Amer. & Austral. an elected member of a city council. DERIVATIVES aldermanship noun. ORIGIN Old English,… … English terms dictionary
alderman — [ôl′dər mən] n. pl. aldermen [ôl′dərmən] [ME < OE ealdorman, chief, prince < eald, OLD + man, MAN] 1. in some U.S. cities, a member of the municipal council, usually representing a certain district or ward 2. in England and Wales before… … English World dictionary
