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aid+sb+with+money

  • 121 lend

    1. I
    be willing to lend охотно давать взаймы
    2. II
    lend in some manner lend willingly (grudgingly, etc.) охотно и т. д. давать взаймы /одалживать/
    3. III
    lend smth. lend one's books (one's music, a pen, one's bicycle, one's knife, one's things, etc.) давать на время [свои] книги и т. д.; lend money (a dollar, ten pounds, etc.) ссужать деньгами и т. д., давать деньги и т. д. взаймы
    4. IV
    lend smth. in some manner lend smth. willingly (conditionally, gracefully, grudgingly, gratuitously, etc.) охотно и т. д. давать взаймы /одалживать/ что-л.
    5. V
    lend smb. smth. lend one's friend ten dollars одолжить приятелю десять долларов; lend him one's car дать ему на время свою машину; lend one's neighbour some books дать соседу почитать [свои] книги; lend me your ears выслушай меня; danger lent me wings ощущение опасности побудило меня бежать еще быстрее /придало мне крылья/
    6. XVI
    lend on (against, at) smth. lend on one's estate (against security, on goods, etc.) давать взаймы под залог усадьбы и т. д.; lend at high interest давать /ссужать/ деньги под высокие проценты
    7. XVIII
    lend oneself to smth.
    1) lend oneself to dishonest means (to such shady schemes, to the concealment of the facts, to meanness, etc.) прибегать к нечестным средствам и т.д., опуститься до нечестных средств и т. д.; I would not lend myself to such a transaction я не стал бы заниматься такими сделками, я не опустился бы до подобных махинаций; don't lend yourself to their schemes не давай себя втянуть в их махинации
    2) this subject admirably (readily, easily, etc.) lends itself to literary (poetic, scientific, etc.) editing эта тема прекрасно и т. д. поддается литературной и т. д. обработке; these facts (data, etc.) don't easily lend themselves to analysis (to study, etc.) эти факты и т. д. нелегко анализировать и т. д., these methods lend themselves readily to instruction эти методы легко могут быть использованы /удобны/ для обучения; а fork does not lend itself to the purposes of a corkscrew вилка не годится в качестве /вместо/ штопора; secluded spots lend themselves to meditation уединенные места располагают к размышлениям
    8. XXI1
    1) lend smth., smb. to smb., smth. lend a dollar to a friend одолжить приятелю доллар; I forgot whom I lent the magazine to я забыл, кому дал журнал; lend an ear /one's ear/ to smb. a) прислушаться к кому-л.; б) выслушать кого-л.; lend one's name to smth. поддерживать что-л. своим авторитетом, разрешить воспользоваться своим именем; lend aid /assistance/ to the project (to the poor, to the oppressed, etc.) содействовать /оказать содействие/ этому проекту и т. д., lend smth. with smth. lend a helping hand with smth. помочь в каком-л. деле; lend a hand with the work (with smb.'s luggage, with the decorations, etc.) помочь /оказать помощь/ в работе и т. д.
    2) lend smth. to smb., smth. lend dignity to the man (charm to a girl, etc,) придавать достоинство мужчине и т. д.; this fact lends probability to the story этот факт придает истории достоверность; his manner lends colour to his story его манера рассказывать делает его рассказ более интересным; the distance lends enchantment to the view на расстоянии вид еще прекрасней

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > lend

  • 122 κοινός

    κοινός, ή, όν, also ός, όν S.Tr. 207 (lyr.):—
    A common (opp. ἴδιος), not in Hom. (v. ξυνός) ; ἐκ κοινοῦ shared in common, Hes.Op. 723;

    ἔσται γὰρ βίος ἐκ κ. Ar.Ec. 610

    ; of a common altar, Simon.140;

    τὸ τέμενος εἶναι κ. SIG1044.29

     (Halic., iv/iii B.C.);

    κ. ἔρχεται κῦμ' Ἀΐδα Pi.N.7.30

    ; τρεῖς.. κ. ὄμμ' ἐκτημέναι, of the Gorgons, A.Pr. 795; κ. ὠφέλημα θνητοῖσιν φανείς, of Prometheus, ib. 613;

    τὰς γυναῖκας εἶναι κοινάς Pl. R. 457d

    : prov.,

    κοινὸν τύχη A.Fr. 389

    , cf. Men.Mon. 356;

    κοινὰ τὰ τῶν φίλων E.Or. 735

     (troch.), Pl.Phdr. 279c, Men.9, etc.; κ. Ἑρμῆς 'share the luck', Id.Epit.67, 100; κ. ἀρωγά common aid (i.e. for all), S.Ph. 1145 (lyr.); ἐν δὲ κοινὸς ἀρσένων ἴτω κλαγγά and let the shouts of males rise jointly, Id.Tr. 207 (lyr.);

    κ. πόλεμον πολεμεῖν X.Hier.2.8

    ;

    τὸν ἀέρα τὸν κ. Men.531.8

    ;

    κ. τὸν ᾅδην ἔσχον οἱ πάντες βροτοί Id.538.8

    ;

    κ. ἀγαθὸν τοῦτ' ἐστί, χρηστὸς εὐτυχῶν Id.791

    : c. dat., κ. τινί common to or with another,

    ὑμῖν φῶς.. καὶ τοῖσδ' ἅπασι κ. A.Ag. 523

    ;

    ὁ δαίμων κ. ἦν ἀμφοῖν ἅμα Id.Th. 812

    ;

    θάλατταν κ. ἐᾶν τοῖς ἡττημένοις And.3.19

    ;

    οἰκία.. κοινοτάτη ἀεὶ τῷ δεομένῳ Id.1.147

    ; [πολιτεία] τίς κοινοτάτη; Arist.Pol. 1289b14, cf. 1265b29;

    κοινόν τι χαρᾷ καὶ λύπῃ δάκρυα X.HG7.1.32

    ;

    τὸν ἥλιον τὸν κ. ἡμῖν Men.611

    : c. gen.,

    πάντων αἰθὴρ κ. φάος εἱλίσσων A.Pr. 1092

     (anap.), cf. Pers. 132 (lyr.), Eu. 109, Pi.N.1.32; κ. τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τε καὶ Ἀθηναίων shared in by both.., Pl.Mx. 241c, etc.: with Preps., τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσι κ., v. infr. v;

    κ. κατ' ἀμφοτέρων A.D.Synt.144.19

    ;

    οὐ γίγνεταί μοί τι κ. πρός τινα AP11.141

     (Lucill.), cf. Iamb.Myst.5.7; μέρος κ. πρός τινα shared with.., CPR22.11 (ii A.D.), etc.;

    κ. μεταξύ τινων Stud.Pal.1.7

     ii 11     (v A.D.).
    II in social and political relations, public, general, τὸ κ. ἀγαθόν the common weal, Th.5.90;

    κ. λόγῳ Id.5.37

    , Hdt.1.141; κ. στόλῳ ib. 170;

    ἀδικήματα D.21.45

    ;

    ὁ τῆς πόλεως κ. δήμιος Pl.Lg. 872b

    ; κοινότατον of public or general interest, ib. 724b, cf. Arist.Rh. 1354b29; of constitutions, popular, free,

    κοινοτέραν εἶναι τὴν ἐκείνου μοναρχίαν τῆς αὑτῶν δημοκρατίας Isoc.10.36

    .
    2 τὸ κ. the state,

    τὸ κ. Σπαρτιητέων Hdt.1.67

    : abs., of one's own state, Ar.Ec. 208, etc.;

    τὸ κ. ὠφελεῖται Antipho 3.2.3

    , cf. X.Cyr.2.2.20;

    τὰς ὠφελείας ἅπασιν εἰς τὸ κ. ἀπεδίδου Isoc.10.36

    .
    b esp. of leagues or federations,

    τὸ κ. τῶν Ἰώνων Hdt.5.109

    ;

    τῶν συμμάχων Isoc.14.21

    ;

    τῶν Βοιωτῶν SIG457.10

     (Thespiae, iii B.C.), Plb.20.6.1 (pl.), etc.; ἄνευ τοῦ πάντων κοινοῦ (sc. τῶν Θεσσαλῶν) Th.4.78; also, of private associations, Test.Epict.1.22, SIG 1113 ([place name] Loryma), al.; of guilds or corporations,

    τὸ κ. τῶν τεκτόνων POxy.53.2

     (iv A.D.); of boards of magistrates, τὸ κ. τῶν ἀρχόντων ib.54.12 (iii A.D.).
    c the government, public authorities, Th.1.90, 2.12, etc.;

    τὰ κ. Hdt.3.156

    ;

    ἀπαγγεῖλαι ἐπὶ τὰ κ. Th.5.37

    ; ἀπὸ τοῦ κ. by public authority, Hdt.5.85, 8.135; σὺν τῷ κ. by common consent, Id.9.87.
    d the public treasury,

    χρημάτων μεγάλων ἐν τῷ κ. γενομένων Id.7.144

    ;

    ἐν τῷ κ. καὶ ἐν τοῖς ίεροῖς Th.6.6

    , cf. 17;

    χρήματα δοῦναι ἐκ τοῦ κ. Hdt.9.87

    ; ἔχειν ἐν κοινῷ (without the Art.), Th.1.80, cf. Sch.adloc.
    e common right or rights of citizens,

    τὸ κ. τὸ τῶν πολιτῶν Arist.Pol. 1283b41

    .
    3 τὰ κ. public affairs: πρὸς τὰ κ. προσελθεῖν, προσιέναι, to enter public life, D. 18.257, Aeschin.1.165; but also, the public money, Ar.Pl. 569, D.8.23 (in full,

    τὰ κ. χρήματα X.HG6.5.34

    , Arist.Pol. 1271b11); τὰ κ. τῆς πόλεως, opp. τὰ ἁγνά, BMus.Inscr.4.481*.383; ἀπὸ κοινοῦ at the public expense, X.An.4.7.27, 5.1.12;

    ἐκ κοινοῦ φαγεῖν Euphro 8.4

    , cf. Antiph. 230; ἐκ κ. from common funds, at joint expense, PGrenf.1.21.19 (ii B.C.).
    III common, ordinary,

    τὰ κ. εἰδέναι Pl.Ax. 366b

    ;

    διὰ τῶν κ. ποιεῖσθαι τὰς πίστεις Arist.Rh. 1355a27

    ; κοινοτάτη τῶν αἰσθήσεων [ἡ ἁφή] Id.EN 1118b1; τὰ κ. commonplaces, Men.Sam.27, Epit. 309; so

    κ. τόπος Hermog.Prog.6

    , Aphth.Prog.7; ἡ κ. ἔννοια or ἐπίνοια, Plb. 2.62.2, 6.5.2; κ. νοῦς, φρένες, common sense, Phld.Rh.1.37 S., 202 S.; κ. καὶ διήκουσαι κακίαι general and all-pervading vices, Id.Sign.28;

    κ. καὶ δημώδη ὀνόματα Longin.40.2

    ;

    κ. καὶ ἐν μέσῳ κείμενα ὀνόματα D.H.Lys.3

    ; ἡ κ. διάλεκτος every-day language (free from archaisms and far-fetched expressions), Id.Isoc.2;

    πεφευγὼς τὸ κ. Phld.Acad. Ind.p.53

     M.
    2 Gramm., ordinary, 'regular' Greek, opp. special dialects, διάλεκτοί εἰσι πέντε, Ἀτθὶς Δωρὶς Αἰολὶς Ἰὰς καὶ κ. Sch.D.T. p.14 H., cf. D.S.1.16, Theodos.Can.p.37 H., etc.; ἡ κ. alone, A.D. Conj.223.24; τὸ κ. ἔθος, ἡ κ. ἐκφορά, Id.Adv.155.10, Pron.4.27; οἱ κ. the writers who use this language, Sch.D.T.p.469 H., EM405.23.
    b colloquial, vulgar Greek, Moer.pp.201 ([comp] Comp., prob. for καιν-), 243 P., al.
    c ἡ κ. διάλεκτος demotic Egyptian, Manethoap. J.Ap.1.14.
    3 common, of inferior quality,

    χρυσός POxy.905.5

     (ii A.D.), 1273.6 (iii A.D.).
    4 in magical formulae, of words added at will by the user, ' and so forth', freq.in Pap., PMag.Osl.1.255, PMag.Par.1.273, al.; κοινὰ ὅσα θέλεις ib.2.53;

    ὁ κ. λόγος PMag.Lond.46.435

    ; cf. κοινολογία.
    IV of Persons, connected by common origin or kindred, esp.of brothers and sisters,

    κ. σπέρμα Pi.O.7.92

    , cf.S.OT 261, OC 535 (lyr.);

    κ. αἷμα Id.Ant. 202

    , cf. 1; κ. πατήρ, μήτηρ, PAmh.2.152.9(v/vi A.D.), PFlor.47.11 (iii A.D.); also

    κ. Χάριτες Pi.O.2.50

    .
    2 one who shares in a thing, partner,

    ἐν θύμασιν κ. ποεῖσθαί τινα S.OT 240

    ;

    κ. ἐν κοινοῖσι λυπεῖσθαι Id.Aj. 267

    , cf. Ar.V. 917; also κ. τῷ θεῷ belonging in part to the god (who claims tithe of his substance), Berl.Sitzb.1927.161 ([place name] Cyrene).
    3 lending a ready ear to all, impartial,

    μὴ οὐ κ. ἀποβῆτε Th.3.53

    ; neutral, ib.68;

    κοινοὺς τῷ τε διώκοντι καὶ τῷ φεύγοντι Lys.15.1

    ;

    μέτριος καὶ κ. Arist.Ath.6.3

    ; κοινοί, οἱ, arbitrators, GDI1832.10 (Delph.);

    κ. μεσίτης PStrassb.41.14

     (iii A.D.); of a capital city, δεῖ.. κοινὴν εἶναι τῶν τόπων ἁπάντων easily accessible on all sides, Arist.Pol. 1327a6.
    b courteous, affable, X. Cyn.13.9;

    κ. ἅπασι γενέσθαι Isoc.5.80

    ;

    τῇ πρὸς πάντας φιλανθρωπίᾳ κ. Democh.2

     J.;

    ἔχειν τὰς κ. φρένας Phld.Rh.1.202

     S.
    c in bad sense, κοινή, ἡ, prostitute, Vett.Val.119.30, Porph.Hist.Phil.12 (pl.).
    d of events, κοινότεραι τύχαι more impartial, i.e. more equal, chances, Th.5.102; ἔστιν ἐν τῷ κ. πᾶσι c. inf., And.2.6.
    V in Logic, general, universal, τὸ κ. λαμβάνειν περί τινων, τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσι κ., Pl.Tht. 185b, 185c;

    τὰ κ. λεγόμενα ἀξιώματα Arist.APo. 76b14

    ; αἱ κ. ἀρχαί ib. 88a36; κ. ἔννοιαι axioms, heading in Euc.; general,

    κ. ὅρος Arist.Metaph. 987b6

    ; κοινὰ καὶ στοιχειώδη general principles, Phld.Rh.1.69S.; κ. σημεῖον, opp. ἴδιον, Id.Sign.14; κ. κρίσις objectively valid judgement, Id.Po.5.22;

    ὄνομα κ. Str.10.2.10

    ; abstract,

    ὁ κ. ἄνθρωπος καὶ λογισμῷ ληπτός Dam.Pr. 341

    .
    VI Gramm.,
    1 κ. συλλαβή common syllable, capable of being long or short, D.T.633.17, Heph. 1.4.
    b κ. ποιήματα, poems which are both κατὰ στίχον and συστηματικά, e.g. the Sapphic stanza, Id.pp.58,59 C.; also, poems of ambiguous metrical form, Id.p.60 C.
    2 v.supr.111.2.
    3 of gender,

    κ. γένος D.T.634.19

    ; of nouns, A.D.Pron.30.7, al., EM143.33, 305.19, etc.
    4 ἀπὸ κοινοῦ λαμβάνειν, of two clauses taking a word in common, A.D.Synt.122.14, al.; κοινὸν or ἐκ κοινοῦ παραλαμβάνεσθαι, ib.20, 28, al.
    VII of forbidden meats, common, profane,

    φαγεῖν κ. καὶ ἀκάθαρτον Act.Ap.10.14

    , cf. Ep.Rom.14.14;

    κ. χερσὶ ἐσθίειν Ev.Marc.7.2

    .
    VIII κοινόν, τό, name of an eye-salve, CIL 13.10021.3, al.
    B Adv. κοινῶς in common, jointly, E. Ion 1462;

    τὰ κοινὰ κ. δεῖ φέρειν συμπτώματα Men.817

    : [comp] Comp., ἐν Κρήτῃ -οτέρως [ἔχει τὰ τῶν συσσιτίων] Arist.Pol. 1272a16.
    2 publicly,

    κ. μᾶλλον ὠφέλησαν ἢ ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων ἔβλαψαν Th.2.42

    , etc.
    3 sociably, like other citizens,

    οὐδὲ κ. οὐδὲ πολιτικῶς ἐβίωσαν Isoc.4.151

    ;

    ἴσως καὶ κ. πρός τινα προσφέρεσθαι Arist.Rh.Al. 1430a1

    ;

    κ. καὶ φιλικῶς Plu.Ant.33

    ; μετρίως καὶ κ. ὰσπάζεσθαι Id.Arat.43.
    4 in general, Diph.Siph. ap. Ath. 3.81a; ἡ κ. σύνεσις, τὸ κ. ἄνθρωπον", Phld.Vit.p.34J., Mort.38; opp. ἰδίως, Demetr.Lac.Herc.1014.41, Plu.Marc.8, cf. Longin.15.1;

    κοινότερον εἰπεῖν Phld.Rh.1.256

     S.; - οτέρως Orib.Fr.93.
    5 in the common dialect, A.D.Pron.82.27, al.: [comp] Comp. - ότερον Id.Synt.159.5.
    6 in plain language, opp. σοφιστικῶς, Plu.2.659f; in the ordinary or wide sense, opp. κυρίως, Them.in APo.5.5: [comp] Comp., M.Ant. 2.10.
    II fem. dat. [full] κοινῇ; [dialect] Dor. [full] κοινᾷ SIG56.11 (Argos, v B.C.); [dialect] Boeot. [full] κυνῆ ib.635.31 (Acraeph., ii B.C.):—in common, by common consent, Hdt.1.148, 3.79, S.OT 606, OC 1339, E.Hipp. 731, Th.1.3, etc.;

    κ. πᾶσι καὶ χωρίς Arist.Pol. 1278b23

    , cf. Ath.40.3; κ. μετά τινος, κ. σύν τινι, Pl.Smp. 209c, SIG346.27 (iv B.C.), X.Mem.1.6.14, etc.;

    ἰδίᾳ τε καὶ κ. Alex.291

    : also neut.pl.

    κοινά S.Ant. 546

    .
    2 publicly,

    καὶ κ. καὶ ἰδίᾳ X.HG1.2.10

    , Mem.2.1.12, etc.
    3 as Prep. c. dat., together with, E. Ion 1228, Hel. 829, Fr. 823.
    III with Preps., εἰς κοινόν in common, in public,

    ὑμῖν τῇδέ τ' ἐς κ. φράσω A.Pr. 844

    ;

    πᾶσιν ἐς κ. λέγω Id.Eu. 408

    , cf.Ar.Av. 457 (lyr.), Pl.Lg. 796e;

    εἰς κ. γνώμην ἀποφαίνεσθαι D.19.156

    ; εἰς τὸ κ. λέγειν, ἀγορεύειν, Pl.Tht. 165a, X. An.5.6.27; εἰς τὸ κ. for public use, Pl.Lg. 681c.
    2 ἀπὸ κοινοῦ, ἐκ κοινοῦ, v.A.1.1, 11.3, VI.4.
    3 ἀφεῖσαν ἐν κοινῷ ζητεῖν, Lat. rem in medio reliquerunt, Arist.Metaph. 987b14; but οἱ ἐν κ. γιγνόμενοι λόγοι, = οἱ ἐξωτερικοὶ λόγοι, Id.de An. 407b29.
    4 κατὰ κοινόν, opp. κατ' ἰδίαν, jointly, in common, Lexap.D.21.94, Plb.4.3.5; prob. for

    κατὰ κοινοῦ Id.11.30.3

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κοινός

  • 123 benefit

    'benəfit
    1. noun
    (something good to receive, an advantage: the benefit of experience; the benefits of fresh air and exercise.) beneficio

    2. verb
    1) ((usually with from or by) to gain advantage: He benefited from the advice.) aprovecharse, beneficiarse
    2) (to do good to: The long rest benefited her.) hacer bien (a)
    •
    - give someone the benefit of the doubt
    - give the benefit of the doubt
    1. beneficio / provecho / ventaja
    2. bien
    3. prestación / subsidio
    benefit2 vb beneficiar / beneficiarse
    tr['benɪfɪt]
    1 (advantage) beneficio, provecho
    3 (allowance) subsidio
    4 (charity performance) función nombre femenino benéfica; (charity game) partido benéfico
    1 beneficiar
    1 beneficiarse
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to do something for somebody's benefit hacer algo por el bien de alguien
    to gain benefit from something sacar provecho de algo
    to reap the benefits of something sacar el máximo provecho de algo
    for the benefit of somebody en beneficio de alguien
    to give somebody the benefit of the doubt dar a alguien el beneficio de la duda
    benefit of clergy fuero eclesiástico
    benefit ['bɛnəfɪt] vt
    : beneficiar
    : beneficiarse
    1) advantage: beneficio m, ventaja f, provecho m
    2) aid: asistencia f, beneficio m
    3) : función f benéfica (para recaudar fondos)
    n.
    • beneficio s.m.
    • bien s.m.
    • logro s.m.
    • merced s.f.
    • pro s.m.
    • provecho s.m.
    • subsidio s.m.
    v.
    • beneficiar v.
    • beneficiarse v.
    • fructificar v.
    • sacar beneficio v.
    'benəfɪt, 'benɪfɪt
    I
    1) ( good) beneficio m, bien m; ( advantage) provecho m, ventaja f

    to give somebody the benefit of the doubt — darle* a alguien el beneficio de la duda

    2)
    a) ( Soc Adm) prestación f

    he's on unemployment benefits o (BrE) benefit — recibe subsidio de desempleo or (Chi) de cesantía, está cobrando el paro (Esp)

    b) c ( perk) beneficio m or ventaja f (extrasalarial)
    3) (concert, performance) beneficio m, función f benéfica; (before n) con fines benéficos

    II
    1.
    -t- or AmE also - tt- transitive verb beneficiar

    2.
    vi beneficiarse

    to benefit from something: he didn't benefit much from the experience no sacó mucho (provecho) de la experiencia; you will all benefit from the change — todos se van a beneficiar con el cambio

    ['benɪfɪt]
    1. N
    1) (=advantage) beneficio m, provecho m

    • to give sb the benefit of the doubt — dar a algn el beneficio de la duda

    • for the benefit of one's health — en beneficio de la salud

    • to have the benefit of — tener la ventaja de

    • to be of benefit to sb — beneficiar a algn

    • to reap the benefit of — sacar el fruto de

    • to be to the benefit of — ser provechoso a

    • without benefit of — sin la ayuda de

    2) (Admin) (=money) ayuda f ; (also: unemployment benefit) subsidio m de desempleo
    3) (Theat, Sport) (=charity performance) beneficio m
    2.
    VI beneficiar(se), sacar provecho

    to benefit by/from — sacar provecho de

    3.
    4.
    CPD

    benefit association N — (esp US) sociedad f de beneficencia

    benefit concert N — (to raise money for charity) concierto m benéfico

    benefit fraud N — fraude m en las prestaciones sociales

    benefit match N — partido m con fines benéficos

    benefit payment N — pago m de la prestación

    benefit performance N — función f benéfica

    benefits agency N — oficina f de prestaciones sociales

    benefit society N — = benefit association

    benefits package N — paquete m de beneficios

    * * *
    ['benəfɪt, 'benɪfɪt]
    I
    1) ( good) beneficio m, bien m; ( advantage) provecho m, ventaja f

    to give somebody the benefit of the doubt — darle* a alguien el beneficio de la duda

    2)
    a) ( Soc Adm) prestación f

    he's on unemployment benefits o (BrE) benefit — recibe subsidio de desempleo or (Chi) de cesantía, está cobrando el paro (Esp)

    b) c ( perk) beneficio m or ventaja f (extrasalarial)
    3) (concert, performance) beneficio m, función f benéfica; (before n) con fines benéficos

    II
    1.
    -t- or AmE also - tt- transitive verb beneficiar

    2.
    vi beneficiarse

    to benefit from something: he didn't benefit much from the experience no sacó mucho (provecho) de la experiencia; you will all benefit from the change — todos se van a beneficiar con el cambio

    English-spanish dictionary > benefit

  • 124 float

    fləut
    1. verb
    (to (make something) stay on the surface of a liquid: A piece of wood was floating in the stream.) flotar

    2. noun
    1) (something that floats on a fishing-line: If the float moves, there is probably a fish on the hook.) boya
    2) (a vehicle for transporting certain things: a milk-float; a cattle-float.) furgoneta
    •
    - floating restaurant
    float1 n corcho / flotador
    float2 vb flotar
    tr[fləʊt]
    5 (money) cambio
    1 (gen) flotar
    1 poner a flote, hacer flotar
    2 SMALLFINANCE/SMALL (company) lanzar a bolsa; (shares) emitir; (currency) dejar flotar
    3 (suggest, present) sugerir
    float ['flo:t] vi
    1) : flotar
    2) wander: vagar, errar
    float vt
    1) : poner a flote, hacer flotar (un barco)
    2) launch: hacer flotar (una empresa)
    3) issue: emitir (acciones en la bolsa)
    1) : flotador m, corcho m (para pescar)
    2) buoy: boya f
    3) : carroza f (en un desfile)
    n.
    • armadía s.f.
    • balsa s.f.
    • bebida con helado s.f.
    • boya s.f.
    • carroza s.f.
    • corcho s.m.
    • flotador s.m.
    v.
    • boyar v.
    • flotar v.
    • poner a flote v.
    • sobrenadar v.

    I
    1. fləʊt
    1)
    a) ( on water) flotar

    to float up (to the surface) — salir* a flote

    b) \<\<cloud/smoke\>\> flotar en el aire
    c) ( move lightly) \<\<idea/image\>\> vagar*
    2) ( Fin) \<\<currency\>\> flotar

    2.
    vt
    1) \<\<ship/boat\>\> poner* or sacar* a flote; \<\<raft/logs\>\> llevar, arrastrar
    2) ( Fin)
    a) ( establish)

    to float a company — introducir* una compañía en Bolsa

    b) ( offer for sale) \<\<shares/stock\>\> emitir
    c) ( allow to fluctuate) \<\<currency\>\> dejar flotar
    3) ( circulate) \<\<idea\>\> presentar

    II
    1)
    a) (for fishing, for buoyancy) flotador m
    b) (in cistern, carburetor) flotador m, boya f
    c) (raft, platform) plataforma f (flotante)
    2)
    a) ( in parade) carroza f, carro m alegórico (CS, Méx)
    b) ( milk float) (BrE) furgoneta f ( del reparto de leche)
    3) ( ready cash) caja f chica; (Busn, Fin) fondo m fijo; ( to provide change)

    a float of £20 — 20 libras en cambio or en monedas

    [flǝʊt]
    1.
    N [of raft, seaplane] flotador m ; (for fishing line) corcho m ; (=swimming aid) flotador m ; (in procession) carroza f ; (=sum of money) reserva f ; (in shop) fondo m de caja, dinero en caja antes de empezar las ventas del día (para cambios etc)
    2. VT
    1) [+ boat, logs] hacer flotar
    2) (=render seaworthy) poner a flote
    3) (=launch) [+ company] fundar, constituir
    4) (Econ) [+ currency] hacer fluctuar, hacer flotar; [+ shares] emitir, lanzar al mercado; [+ loan] emitir
    5)
    3.
    VI (gen) flotar; [bather] hacer la plancha; (=move in wind) flotar, ondear
    4.
    CPD

    float plane N — (US) (=seaplane) hidroavión m

    * * *

    I
    1. [fləʊt]
    1)
    a) ( on water) flotar

    to float up (to the surface) — salir* a flote

    b) \<\<cloud/smoke\>\> flotar en el aire
    c) ( move lightly) \<\<idea/image\>\> vagar*
    2) ( Fin) \<\<currency\>\> flotar

    2.
    vt
    1) \<\<ship/boat\>\> poner* or sacar* a flote; \<\<raft/logs\>\> llevar, arrastrar
    2) ( Fin)
    a) ( establish)

    to float a company — introducir* una compañía en Bolsa

    b) ( offer for sale) \<\<shares/stock\>\> emitir
    c) ( allow to fluctuate) \<\<currency\>\> dejar flotar
    3) ( circulate) \<\<idea\>\> presentar

    II
    1)
    a) (for fishing, for buoyancy) flotador m
    b) (in cistern, carburetor) flotador m, boya f
    c) (raft, platform) plataforma f (flotante)
    2)
    a) ( in parade) carroza f, carro m alegórico (CS, Méx)
    b) ( milk float) (BrE) furgoneta f ( del reparto de leche)
    3) ( ready cash) caja f chica; (Busn, Fin) fondo m fijo; ( to provide change)

    a float of £20 — 20 libras en cambio or en monedas

    English-spanish dictionary > float

  • 125 Mittel

    Adj.; nur präd.; umg. (mäßig) (fair to) middling, so-so; in der Schule war ich nur (so) mittel I wasn’t better than average at school; sein neuester Roman ist höchstens mittel his latest novel is at best run-of-the-mill
    * * *
    das Mittel
    (Durchschnitt) average; mean;
    (Hilfsmittel) vehicle; means; remedy; resource; medium;
    (Medikament) medicine; cure;
    die Mittel
    (Geld) means (Pl.); resources (Pl.); funds (Pl.); wealth (Pl.)
    * * *
    Mịt|tel ['mɪtl]
    nt -s, -
    1) (MATH = Durchschnitt) average

    im Mittel — on average

    arithmetisches/geometrisches Mittel — arithmetical/geometrical mean

    2) (= Mittel zum Zweck, Transportmittel etc) means sing; (= Maßnahme, Methode) way, method; (= Werbemittel, Propagandamittel, zur Verkehrsbeeinflussung) device; (= Lehrmittel) aid

    Mittel und Wege finden — to find ways and means

    Mittel gegen die Inflation — ways of beating inflation

    zu anderen Mitteln greifen, andere Mittel anwenden — to use or employ other means or methods

    ihm ist jedes Mittel recht — he will do anything (to achieve his ends)

    ihm war jedes Mittel recht, dazu war ihm jedes Mittel recht — he did not care how he did it or what means he used to achieve his ends

    etw mit allen Mitteln verhindern/bekämpfen — to do one's utmost or to do everything one can to prevent/oppose sth

    sie hat mit allen Mitteln gekämpft, um... — she fought tooth and nail to...

    3) pl (= Geldmittel) funds pl, resources pl; (= Privatmittel) means pl, resources pl
    4) (=Medikament kosmetisch) preparation; (MED) drug, preparation; (= Medizin) medicine; (= Putzmittel) cleaning agent; (= Fleckenmittel) spot or stain remover; (= Waschmittel) detergent; (= Haarwaschmittel) shampoo

    welches Mittel nimmst du? — what do you use?; (Med

    ein Mittel zum Einreiben (flüssig) — something or a lotion to be rubbed in; (Salbe) an ointment to be rubbed in; (Creme) a cream to be rubbed in

    das ist ein Mittel gegen meine Erkältung/Schuppen — that is for my cold/dandruff

    ein Mittel ( gegen Kopfschmerzen/Husten etc) verschreiben lassen — to get the doctor to prescribe something (for headaches/a cough etc)

    es gibt kein Mittel gegen Schnupfen — there is no cure for the common cold

    das beste Mittel für or gegen etw — the best cure or remedy for sth

    5) (PHYS, CHEM = Medium) medium
    * * *
    die
    1) (the instrument(s), method(s) etc by which a thing is, or may be, done or made to happen: By what means can we find out?) means
    2) (something by or through which an effect is produced: Air is the medium through which sound is carried.) medium
    3) (middle or average in size, quality etc: Would you like the small, medium or large packet?) medium
    4) ((usually in plural) something that gives help, support etc when needed; a supply; a means: We have used up all our resources; We haven't the resources at this school for teaching handicapped children.) resource
    * * *
    Mit·tel
    <-s, ->
    [ˈmɪtl̩]
    nt
    1. PHARM (Arznei) drug, remedy
    welches \Mittel nehmen Sie? what do you take?
    welches \Mittel hat der Arzt Ihnen verschrieben? what did the doctor give you?
    ▪ ein \Mittel gegen etw akk a cure [or remedy] for sth
    ich habe mir ein \Mittel gegen Migräne verschreiben lassen I got the doctor to prescribe me something for my migraine
    das ist ein \Mittel gegen Schuppen that is for dandruff
    es gibt kein \Mittel gegen Schnupfen there is no cure for the common cold
    ein \Mittel gegen Grippe a remedy [or cure] for influenza
    ein \Mittel gegen Schmerzen a pain reliever
    ein schmerzstillendes \Mittel a painkiller
    ein \Mittel zum Einreiben (flüssig) a lotion to be rubbed in; (Salbe) an ointment to be rubbed in
    ein \Mittel zum Entfernen von Flecken a stain remover
    ein \Mittel gegen Insekten an insect repellent
    ein \Mittel zur Reinigung von Teppichen a cleaning agent for carpets
    ein \Mittel gegen Ungeziefer a pesticide
    3. (Hilfsmittel) device
    ein \Mittel um Wasser zu sparen a water-saving device
    ein \Mittel zur Empfängnisverhütung a contraceptive device
    ein rhetorisches/stilistisches \Mittel a rhetorical/stylistic device
    4. (Methode) method, means sing, way usu pl
    es gibt \Mittel, das herauszufinden there are ways of finding that out
    er ist in der Wahl seiner \Mittel nicht zimperlich he is not fussy about what methods he chooses
    mit allen \Mitteln by every means
    sie hat mit allen \Mitteln gekämpft, um... she fought tooth and nail to...
    als äußerstes [o letztes] \Mittel as a last resort
    Streikmaßnahmen sollten als äußerstes \Mittel angesehen werden strike action should be regarded as the last resort
    sie haben zum äußersten \Mittel gegriffen und ihm Hausverbot erteilt as a last resort they forbid him to enter the house
    etw mit allen \Mitteln bekämpfen/zu verhindern versuchen to do one's utmost [or everything one can] to oppose/prevent sth
    ein \Mittel haben, [um] etw zu tun to have ways [or means] of doing sth
    wir haben \Mittel, um ihn zum Reden zu bringen we have ways of making him talk
    jdm ist jedes \Mittel recht sb will go to any length[s] [or stop at nothing]
    kein \Mittel unversucht lassen to leave no stone unturned, to try everything
    mit allen \Mitteln versuchen, etw zu tun to try one's utmost to do sth
    \Mittel und Wege finden to find ways and means
    \Mittel und Wege suchen to look for ways and means
    ein \Mittel zum Zweck sein to be a means to an end
    5. pl (Geldmittel) funds pl [or resources] pl; (Privatmittel a.) [financial] means pl
    meine \Mittel sind erschöpft my funds are exhausted
    zum Glück verfüge ich dazu noch über ausreichende \Mittel thankfully, I've got enough funds left to cover that
    von seinen bescheidenen \Mitteln kann er kaum die Miete zahlen with his modest means he can hardly pay the rent
    \Mittel abstoßen FIN to liquidate resources
    \Mittel aufbringen/binden/kürzen FIN to raise/tie up/cut funds
    beschränkte/flüssige \Mittel FIN limited resources/liquid assets
    etw aus eigenen \Mitteln bezahlen to pay for sth out of one's own resources
    mit [o aus] öffentlichen \Mitteln from public funds
    6. (Mittelwert) average
    arithmetisches/geometrisches \Mittel MATH arithmetic/geometric mean
    gewichtetes \Mittel weighted average
    im \Mittel on average
    etw im \Mittel erreichen to average [at] sth
    * * *
    das; Mittels, Mittel
    1) means sing.; (Methode) way; method; (WerbeMittel, PropagandaMittel, zur Verkehrskontrolle) device (+ Gen. for)

    mit allen Mitteln versuchen, etwas zu tun — try by every means to do something

    [nur] Mittel zum Zweck sein — be [just] a means to an end

    Mittel und Wege suchen/finden — look for/find ways and means

    ein Mittel gegen Husten/Schuppen — usw. a remedy or cure for coughs pl./dandruff sing. etc.

    ein Mittel gegen Ungeziefer/Insekten — a pesticide/an insect repellent

    4) Plural (GeldMittel) funds; [financial] resources; (PrivatMittel) means; resources
    * * *
    Mittel1 n; -s, -
    1. (Hilfsmittel) means sg (
    zu, um zu +inf of +ger); (Verfahren) method (for +ger), way (of +ger); (Ausweg) expedient; fig (Werkzeug) tool, device; (Waffe) weapon;
    als letztes Mittel, wenn alle Mittel versagen as a last resort, if all else fails;
    ihm ist jedes Mittel recht he’ll stop at nothing, he’ll go to any length(s);
    Mittel und Wege finden/suchen find/look for ways and means (
    zu, um zu +inf to +inf);
    über die Mittel verfügen(, um) zu (+inf) auch be in a position to (+inf)
    kein Mittel unversucht lassen try every possible means ( oder avenue), leave no stone unturned;
    etwas mit allen Mitteln tun go to great lengths ( oder do one’s utmost) to do sth;
    ich habs mit allen Mitteln versucht I tried everything (possible); → Zweck
    2. (Heilmittel) cure, remedy (
    gegen for); (Medizin) medicine; (Tabletten) tablets pl;
    ein Mittel zum Einreiben an ointment (to be rubbed in);
    ein Mittel gegen Kopfschmerzen/gegen Fußpilz etc something for a headache/for athlete’s foot etc;
    ein starkes Mittel a strong medicine
    ein starkes Mittel (gegen) a powerful agent (against);
    ein Mittel zum Entfernen von Teer/Haaren a tar remover/a depilatory agent
    4. pl (Reserven) auch geistige: resources; (Geldmittel, Kapital) means, funds;
    Geld aus öffentlichen/privaten Mitteln money from the public purse/from private sources, public/private money;
    meine Mittel erlauben es nicht it’s beyond my means
    Mittel2 n; -s, - (Durchschnitt) average; (Mittelwert) mean;
    im Mittel on average;
    arithmetisches/geometrisches Mittel MATH arithmetic/geometric mean
    * * *
    das; Mittels, Mittel
    1) means sing.; (Methode) way; method; (WerbeMittel, PropagandaMittel, zur Verkehrskontrolle) device (+ Gen. for)

    mit allen Mitteln versuchen, etwas zu tun — try by every means to do something

    [nur] Mittel zum Zweck sein — be [just] a means to an end

    Mittel und Wege suchen/finden — look for/find ways and means

    ein Mittel gegen Husten/Schuppen — usw. a remedy or cure for coughs pl./dandruff sing. etc.

    ein Mittel gegen Ungeziefer/Insekten — a pesticide/an insect repellent

    4) Plural (GeldMittel) funds; [financial] resources; (PrivatMittel) means; resources
    * * *
    - n.
    agency n.
    means n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Mittel

  • 126 impuesto1

    1 = levy, tariff, tax burden, tax [taxes, -pl.], levy tax, tribute.
    Ex. These 'own resources' comprise agricultural and sugar levies, customs duties and a percentage of value added tax (VAT).
    Ex. Print charges are usually charged per reference retrieved with online and offline prints often attracting different tariffs.
    Ex. Even with Groome's effort to ease tax burden pressures on individual property owners through industrial development, the tax rate is very steep.
    Ex. Financed with taxes voted by the county and with state and federal aid, the central library maintains eight branch libraries and three bookmobiles.
    Ex. Excluded is the 1% levy tax which will be added to invoice upon check-out = No está incluido un 1% de canon que se añadirá al abonar la factura al final de la estancia.
    Ex. In this case, after collecting tributes from places that could be reached by sea, the commander of the expedition marched inland.
    ----
    * aumentar los impuestos = increase + taxes.
    * aumento de los impuestos = tax increase.
    * costeado con los impuestos = tax-supported.
    * devolución de impuestos = tax rebate.
    * dinero procedente de los impuestos = tax money (tax monies).
    * distintivo de impuesto de circulación = road tax disc.
    * estar exento de pagar impuestos = write off.
    * evasión de impuestos = tax evasion.
    * exención de impuestos = tax exemption.
    * gravar con impuestos = tax.
    * impuesto a la herencia = inheritance tax.
    * impuesto de bienes inmuebles (IBI) = rates.
    * impuesto de bienes inmuebles (IBI) = local rates, council tax, local tax rates, tax rates, local taxes, property tax, real estate tax, real estate property tax.
    * impuesto de bienes y servicios = goods and services tax.
    * impuesto de circulación = road tax.
    * impuesto de importación = import levy.
    * impuesto del timbre = stamp duty.
    * impuesto de sucesión = inheritance tax.
    * impuesto de ventas = sales tax.
    * impuesto municipal = city tax.
    * impuestos = taxation, income tax.
    * impuestos locales = local taxes.
    * impuestos municipales = local tax rates, rates, local taxes.
    * impuesto sobre artículos de uso y consumo = excise tax.
    * impuesto sobre el patrimonio = wealth tax.
    * impuesto sobre el valor añadido (IVA) = value added tax (VAT).
    * impuesto sobre la propiedad inmobiliaria = property tax.
    * impuesto sobre la renta = income tax.
    * impuesto sobre las ganancias = profit(s) tax.
    * impuesto sobre las ventas = sales tax.
    * impuesto sobre sucesiones = inheritance tax.
    * impuesto sucesorio = inheritance tax.
    * ingresos procedentes de los impuestos = tax revenues, income tax revenue.
    * libre de impuestos = tariff-free, duty-free, tax-free.
    * mantenido con los impuestos = tax-supported.
    * pagar impuestos = pay + taxes.
    * persona que paga impuestos = taxpayer [tax-payer].
    * poner impuestos = impose + VAT.
    * recaudador de impuestos = tax collector.
    * reducción de impuestos = tax cut.
    * reducir los impuestos = cut + taxes.
    * sin impuestos = duty-free, tax-free.
    * subir los impuestos = push + taxes.
    * sujeto a impuestos = taxable.
    * tipo de impuestos = band of taxation.

    Spanish-English dictionary > impuesto1

  • 127 требовать(ся)

    гл.
    Русские глаголы требовать/требоваться употребляются в любой ситуации, связанной с возникновением потребностей, безотносительно к тому, у кого или чего, для чего и по какому поводу они возникают. Английские эквиваленты принципиально различают эти аспекты ситуаций, а также одушевленное, неодушевленное или безличное подлежащее.
    1. to demand — требовать, настоятельно требовать, настаивать, выдвигать требования (выражает настоятельность просьбы или претензии, особенно если говорящему отказывают в чем-либо; чаще всего в предложении с to demand в качестве подлежащего употребляется одушевленное существительное; глагол to demand, в отличие от русского требовать, не употребляется с одушевленным косвенным дополнением; в тех случаях, когда необходимо такое дополнение выразить, употребляется придаточное предложение с модальным глаголом should, формой глагола в Subjunctive или предложным сочетанием from smb; вместо придаточного предложения может быть использована пассивная форма инфинитива или герундий): to demand one's rights — требовать своих прав; to demand justice — требовать справедливости; to demand immediate payment — требовать немедленной оплаты; to demand a prompt answer — требовать немедленного ответа; to demand higher wages — требовать повышения зарплаты; to demand shorter work hours — требовать сокращения рабочего дня; to demand an interview — настаивать на интервью The policeman demanded that he answer immediately./The policeman demanded an immediate answer from him. — Полицейский потребовал от него немедленного ответа. Не demanded to be told everything. — Он требовал, чтобы ему все сказили. They demanded that we should apologize. — Они потребовали от нас извинения.
    2. to require — требовать, требоваться (глагол to require предполагает необходимость чего-либо в качестве условия для нормального действия или состояния того, что выражено подлежащим; в качестве подлежащего в предложении с глаголом to require, как правило, употребляется неодушевленное существительное, дополнение вводится в конструкциях to require smth и to require doing smth): smth requires much/little time — на это не требуется/не нужно много времени The flower requires much water and sunshine. — Этот цветок требует много воды и солниа. The house requires painting. — Дом требует покраски. Your suit requires pressing. — Твой костюм надо погладить. This job requires patience. — Эта работа требуеттерпения. The machine requires careful handling. — Машина требует бережного обращения./С машиной надо обращаться осторожно. Не will have everything he requires. — У него будет все, что ему требуется/необходимо. This project requires much money. — Для осуществления этого проекта требуется много денег.
    3. to need — требовать, требоваться, нуждаться, иметь потребность (в данном значении многозначный глагол to need употребляется в разных конструкциях в зависимости от типа подлежащего: с одушевленным подлежащим — he needs smth, с неодушевленным подлежащим — the hat needs brushing — дополнение выражено герундием): We don't need any outside help, we can manage ourselves. — Нам не нужна посторонняя помощь, мы справимся сами./Нам не нужна ничья помощь, мы справимся сами. We need some additional lime to finish the job. — Нам нужно дополнительное время, чтобы закончить эту работу. Your coat needs pressing.—Твоему пальто требуется глажка./Твое пальто надо погладить. The flower needs watering. — Цветок надо полить. The house needs painting. — Дом надо покрасить.
    4. to want — требовать, требоваться, нуждаться (в данном значении глагол to want употребляется в трех конструкциях: to want smth — нуждаться в чем-либо; to want doing smth — требовать/требоваться ( о действии) — как правило, с неодушевленным подлежащим; to be wanted — требоваться — с одушевленным подлежащим): I want a new dress. — Мне нужно новое платье./Мне требуется новое платье./Я нуждаюсь в новом платье. The flower wants sunshine. — Цветку нужно солнце./Цветку нужен свет. Не wants new shoes badly. — Ему срочно нужны новые ботинки./Ему очень нужны новые ботинки. We want your help badly. — Нам требуется ваша помощь. The house wants redecoration. — Дом требует ремонта./Дом надо отремонтировать. The house wants painting. —Дом нуждается в окраске. That's all I want. — Это все, что мне требуется./Больше мне ничего не нужно. I want your advice. — Мне требуется ваш совет./Мне нужен ваш совет. You are wanted on the phone. — Вас зовут/просят к телефону./Вас требуют к телефону. Не is wanted by the police. — Его разыскивает полиция./Он требуется полиции. No hands wanted. — Рабочие не требуются. Manual labour wanted. — Требуются разнорабочие.
    5. to claim — требовать, предъявлять права ( на что-либо), претендовать (требовать то, на что человек считает, что он имеет право): to claim insurance — предъявлять права на страховку; to claim dnmages — требовать возмещения убытков; to claim payment —требовать оплаты; to claim reward — требовать положенного вознаграждения The government plans to make legal aid harder lo claim. — Правительство планирует ужесточить условия получения льгот, предусмотренных законом (претендовать на них станет труднее). Lost property can be claimed from 10 a. m. to 10 p. m. — Утраченные вещи можно востребовать с 10 утра до 10 вечера. The issue ofa united Ireland continues to claim the Parliament's undivided attention. — Вопрос воссоединения Ирландии по-прежнему требует пристального внимания парламента.
    6. to take — требовать, требоваться, нужно (в данном значении глагол to take употребляется как правило с неодушевленным подлежащим, обозначающим какую-либо деятельность, для которой необходимы/требуются время, силы, знания и т. д.): Learning a foreign language takes a lot of efforts. — Изучение иностран ного языка требует больших усилий. Don't worry if you get it wrong, these things take time. — He волнуйтесь, если вы этого не поняли, эти вопросы требуют времени. It lakes strength and stamina to be a good long-distance runner. — Чтобы быть успешным бегуном на длинные дистанции требуется много сил и упорства. Cooking takes talent. — Чтобы быть хорошим поваром надо иметь талант. This project will take a lot of money. — На этот проект уйдет много денег. How long will it take you? — Сколько времени вам на это потребуется? It takes me half an hour to get to work. — Мне надо/нужно полчаса, Чтобы добраться до работы.
    7. to ask — требовать, требоваться, запрашивать (наиболее нейтральный глагол всей группы; может быть использован в тех же ситуациях, что и глаголы to demand и to require, особенно если требуемое является необходимым условием для достижения цели): You are asking too much from the child. —Ты слишком много требуешь от ребенка. How much do they ask for repairs? — Сколько они требуют за ремонт?/Сколько они просят за ремонт?/Сколько они запрашивают за ремонт? The kidnappers asked five million dollars ransom and threatened to kill the boy if it was not paid within a week. — Похитители потребовали пять миллионов долларов за мальчика и грозили убить его, если выкуп не будет заплачен в течение недели. The hijackers asked three million dollars and a plane with a crew. — Угонщики требовали самолет с экипажем и три миллиона долларов.

    Русско-английский объяснительный словарь > требовать(ся)

  • 128 Noyce, Robert

    [br]
    b. 12 December 1927 Burlington, Iowa, USA
    [br]
    American engineer responsible for the development of integrated circuits and the microprocessor chip.
    [br]
    Noyce was the son of a Congregational minister whose family, after a number of moves, finally settled in Grinnell, some 50 miles (80 km) east of Des Moines, Iowa. Encouraged to follow his interest in science, in his teens he worked as a baby-sitter and mower of lawns to earn money for his hobby. One of his clients was Professor of Physics at Grinnell College, where Noyce enrolled to study mathematics and physics and eventually gained a top-grade BA. It was while there that he learned of the invention of the transistor by the team at Bell Laboratories, which included John Bardeen, a former fellow student of his professor. After taking a PhD in physical electronics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1953, he joined the Philco Corporation in Philadelphia to work on the development of transistors. Then in January 1956 he accepted an invitation from William Shockley, another of the Bell transistor team, to join the newly formed Shockley Transistor Company, the first electronic firm to set up shop in Palo Alto, California, in what later became known as "Silicon Valley".
    From the start things at the company did not go well and eventually Noyce and Gordon Moore and six colleagues decided to offer themselves as a complete development team; with the aid of the Fairchild Camera and Instrument Company, the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation was born. It was there that in 1958, contemporaneously with Jack K. Wilby at Texas Instruments, Noyce had the idea for monolithic integration of transistor circuits. Eventually, after extended patent litigation involving study of laboratory notebooks and careful examination of the original claims, priority was assigned to Noyce. The invention was most timely. The Apollo Moon-landing programme announced by President Kennedy in May 1961 called for lightweight sophisticated navigation and control computer systems, which could only be met by the rapid development of the new technology, and Fairchild was well placed to deliver the micrologic chips required by NASA.
    In 1968 the founders sold Fairchild Semicon-ductors to the parent company. Noyce and Moore promptly found new backers and set up the Intel Corporation, primarily to make high-density memory chips. The first product was a 1,024-bit random access memory (1 K RAM) and by 1973 sales had reached $60 million. However, Noyce and Moore had already realized that it was possible to make a complete microcomputer by putting all the logic needed to go with the memory chip(s) on a single integrated circuit (1C) chip in the form of a general purpose central processing unit (CPU). By 1971 they had produced the Intel 4004 microprocessor, which sold for US$200, and within a year the 8008 followed. The personal computer (PC) revolution had begun! Noyce eventually left Intel, but he remained active in microchip technology and subsequently founded Sematech Inc.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Franklin Institute Stuart Ballantine Medal 1966. National Academy of Engineering 1969. National Academy of Science. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1978; Cledo Brunetti Award (jointly with Kilby) 1978. Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1979. National Medal of Science 1979. National Medal of Engineering 1987.
    Bibliography
    1955, "Base-widening punch-through", Proceedings of the American Physical Society.
    30 July 1959, US patent no. 2,981,877.
    Further Reading
    T.R.Reid, 1985, Microchip: The Story of a Revolution and the Men Who Made It, London: Pan Books.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Noyce, Robert

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