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1 action
['ækʃən]n( things happening) akcja f; ( deed) czyn m; (of device, force, chemical) działanie nt; ( movement) ruch m; ( MIL) działania pl; ( JUR) powództwo ntto bring an action against sb ( JUR) — wnosić (wnieść perf) powództwo przeciw(ko) komuś
out of action — person wyłączony z gry; machine niesprawny
to take action — podejmować (podjąć perf) działanie
to put a plan into action — wprowadzać (wprowadzić perf) plan w życie
* * *['ækʃən]1) (something done: Action, not talking, is necessary if we are to defeat the enemy; Take action immediately; The firemen are ready to go into action.) działanie2) (movement: Tennis needs a good wrist action.) ruch3) (a legal case: He brought an action for divorce against his wife.) postępowanie, proces4) (the events (of a play, film etc): The action of the play takes place on an island.) akcja5) (a battle; fighting: He was killed in action; Our troops fought an action against the enemy.) bitwa•- out of action -
2 affirmative action
noun (American) the practice of giving better opportunities (jobs, education etc) to people who, it is thought, are treated unfairly (minorities, women etc). przychylne traktowanie -
3 backwash
1) (a backward current eg that following a ship's passage through the water: the backwash of the steamer.) prąd wsteczny2) (the unintentional results of an action, situation etc: The backwash of that firm's financial troubles affected several other firms.) skutki uboczne -
4 tear
I 1. [tɛə(r)] nrozdarcie nt, dziura f2. vt; pt tore, pp torn 3. vito tear to pieces/to bits or to shreds — paper, letter, clothes drzeć (podrzeć perf) na kawałki or na strzępy; ( fig) person, work nie zostawić ( perf) suchej nitki na +loc
Phrasal Verbs:- tear out- tear upII [tɪə(r)] nłza fto burst into tears — wybuchać (wybuchnąć perf) płaczem
* * *I [tiə] noun(a drop of liquid coming from the eye, as a result of emotion (especially sadness) or because something (eg smoke) has irritated it: tears of joy/laughter/rage.) łza- tearful- tearfully
- tearfulness
- tear gas
- tear-stained
- in tears II 1. [teə] past tense - tore; verb1) ((sometimes with off etc) to make a split or hole in (something), intentionally or unintentionally, with a sudden or violent pulling action, or to remove (something) from its position by such an action or movement: He tore the photograph into pieces; You've torn a hole in your jacket; I tore the picture out of a magazine.) rwać się, drzeć się2) (to become torn: Newspapers tear easily.) pędzić3) (to rush: He tore along the road.) drzeć się2. noun(a hole or split made by tearing: There's a tear in my dress.) rozdarcie- be torn between one thing and another- be torn between
- tear oneself away
- tear away
- tear one's hair
- tear up -
5 course
[kɔːs]kurs m; (of life, events, river) bieg m; (of injections, drugs) seria f; ( approach) stanowisko nt; (GOLF) pole nt; ( part of meal)first/next/last course — pierwsze/następne/ostatnie danie nt
(no) of course not! — oczywiście, że nie!
in due course — w swoim czasie, we właściwym czasie
the best course would be to … — najlepszym wyjściem byłoby +infin
we have no other course but to … — nie mamy innego wyjścia, jak tylko +infin
course of treatment ( MED) — leczenie, kuracja
* * *[ko:s]1) (a series (of lectures, medicines etc): I'm taking a course (of lectures) in sociology; He's having a course of treatment for his leg.) kurs, seria2) (a division or part of a meal: Now we've had the soup, what's (for) the next course?) danie3) (the ground over which a race is run or a game (especially golf) is played: a racecourse; a golf-course.) boisko, tor4) (the path or direction in which something moves: the course of the Nile.) bieg5) (the progress or development of events: Things will run their normal course despite the strike.) tryb6) (a way (of action): What's the best course of action in the circumstances?) sposób postępowania•- in due course
- of course
- off
- on course -
6 measure
['mɛʒə(r)] 1. vtPhrasal Verbs:2. vi 3. n( degree) stopień m; ( portion) porcja f; ( ruler) miar(k)a f; ( standard) miara f; ( action) środek m (zaradczy)measures have been taken to limit the economic decline — podjęto kroki mające na celu ograniczenie spadku gospodarczego
* * *['meʒə] 1. noun1) (an instrument for finding the size, amount etc of something: a glass measure for liquids; a tape-measure.) miara2) (a unit: The metre is a measure of length.) jednostka, miara3) (a system of measuring: dry/liquid/square measure.) miara4) (a plan of action or something done: We must take (= use, or put into action) certain measures to stop the increase in crime.) środek zaradczy, krok5) (a certain amount: a measure of sympathy.) doza, dawka6) ((in music) the musical notes contained between two bar lines.) takt2. verb1) (to find the size, amount etc of (something): He measured the table.) (wy)mierzyć2) (to show the size, amount etc of: A thermometer measures temperature.) wskazać, odmierzać3) ((with against, besides etc) to judge in comparison with: She measured her skill in cooking against her friend's.) zmierzyć się z kimś4) (to be a certain size: This table measures two metres by one metre.) mieć rozmiar•- beyond measure
- for good measure
- full measure
- made to measure
- measure out
- measure up -
7 fight
[faɪt] 1. n 2. vt, pt, pp foughtperson, urge walczyć z +instr; cancer, prejudice etc walczyć z +instr, zwalczać (zwalczyć perf); (BOXING) walczyć przeciwko +dat or z +instr3. viwalczyć, bić sięto fight for/against sth — walczyć o coś/z czymś
to fight one's way through a crowd/the undergrowth — przedzierać się (przedrzeć się perf) przez tłum/zarośla
Phrasal Verbs:* * *1. past tense, past participle - fought; verb1) (to act against (someone or something) with physical violence: The two boys are fighting over (= because of) some money they found.) walczyć2) (to resist strongly; to take strong action to prevent: to fight a fire; We must fight against any attempt to deprive us of our freedom.) walczyć3) (to quarrel: His parents were always fighting.) kłócić się2. noun1) (an act of physical violence between people, countries etc: There was a fight going on in the street.) walka, bójka2) (a struggle; action involving effort: the fight for freedom of speech; the fight against disease.) walka3) (the will or strength to resist: There was no fight left in him.) wola, chęć walki4) (a boxing-match.) walka•- fighter- fight back
- fight it out
- fight off
- fight one's way
- fight shy of
- put up a good fight -
8 prosecution
[prɔsɪ'kjuːʃən]n( action) zaskarżenie nt, wniesienie nt oskarżenia; ( accusing side) oskarżenie nt* * *1) ((an) act of prosecuting or process of being prosecuted: He faces prosecution for drunken driving; There are numerous prosecutions for this offence every year.) sprawa sądowa2) (the person/people bringing a legal action, including the lawyer(s) representing them: First the prosecution stated its case, then the defence.) oskarżyciel -
9 reflex
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10 screw
[skruː] 1. nśruba f, wkręt m2. vtto screw sth in — wkręcać (wkręcić perf) coś
to screw sth to the wall — przykręcać (przykręcić perf) coś do ściany
Phrasal Verbs:- screw up* * *[skru:] 1. noun1) (a type of nail that is driven into something by a firm twisting action: I need four strong screws for fixing the cupboard to the wall.) śruba2) (an action of twisting a screw etc: He tightened it by giving it another screw.) przykręcenie2. verb1) (to fix, or be fixed, with a screw or screws: He screwed the handle to the door; The handle screws on with these screws.) przyśrubować2) (to fix or remove, or be fixed or removed, with a twisting movement: Make sure that the hook is fully screwed in; He screwed off the lid.) przykręcać, odkręcać3) ((slang, vulgar) to fuck; to have sex (with).) przelecieć (kogoś)4) ((slang) to cheat or take advantage of: They screwed you - these are not real diamonds.) oszukać•- be/get screwed
- have a screw loose
- put the screws on
- screw up
- screw up one's courage -
11 crime
[kraɪm]n( illegal activities) przestępczość f; ( illegal action) przestępstwo nt; ( fig) zbrodnia f* * *1. noun1) (act(s) punishable by law: Murder is a crime; Crime is on the increase.) zbrodnia2) (something wrong though not illegal: What a crime to cut down those trees!) zbrodnia•- criminal2. noun(a person who has been found guilty of a crime.) przestępca -
12 favour
['feɪvə(r)] 1. (US favor) n( approval) przychylność f; ( act of kindness) przysługa f2. vt( prefer) solution, view preferować; person faworyzować; ( be advantageous to) sprzyjać +datto ask a favour of sb — prosić (poprosić perf) kogoś o przysługę
to do sb a favour — wyświadczać (wyświadczyć perf) komuś przysługę
in favour of — na korzyść +gen
to be in favour of sth/doing sth — być zwolennikiem czegoś/(z)robienia czegoś
to find favour with sb — przypadać (przypaść perf) komuś do gustu
* * *['feivə] 1. noun1) (a kind action: Will you do me a favour and lend me your car?) przysługa, uprzejmość2) (kindness or approval: She looked on him with great favour.) życzliwość3) (preference or too much kindness: By doing that he showed favour to the other side.) stronniczość4) (a state of being approved of: He was very much in favour with the Prime Minister.) łaska2. verb(to support or show preference for: Which side do you favour?) popierać- favourably
- favourite 3. noun(a person or thing that one likes best: Of all her paintings that is my favourite.) ulubiona osoba, rzecz- in favour of
- in one's favour -
13 go
[gəu] 1. pt went, pp gone, vi1) ( on foot) iść (pójść perf); (habitually, regularly) chodzić; ( by car etc) jechać (pojechać perf); (habitually, regularly) jeździćI go to see her whenever I can — chodzę do niej, kiedy tylko mogę
2) ( depart) ( on foot) wychodzić (wyjść perf), iść (pójść perf); ( by car etc) odjeżdżać (odjechać perf), wyjeżdżać (wyjechać perf)3) ( attend) chodzić4) ( take part in an activity) iść (pójść perf); (habitually, regularly) chodzićto go for a walk — iść (pójść perf) na spacer
5) ( work) chodzić6) ( become)7) ( be sold)to go for 10 pounds — pójść ( perf) za 10 funtów
8) ( intend to)9) ( be about to)11) event, activity iść (pójść perf)12) ( be given)to go to sb — dostać się ( perf) komuś
14) ( be placed)•Phrasal Verbs:- go about- go after- go ahead- go along- go away- go back- go by- go down- go for- go in- go into- go off- go on- go on at- go out- go over- go round- go under- go up- go with2. pl goes, n1) ( try)to have a go (at) — próbować (spróbować perf) ( +gen)
2) ( turn) kolej f3) ( move)* * *[ɡəu] 1. 3rd person singular present tense - goes; verb1) (to walk, travel, move etc: He is going across the field; Go straight ahead; When did he go out?) iść2) (to be sent, passed on etc: Complaints have to go through the proper channels.) iść, być przesłanym3) (to be given, sold etc: The prize goes to John Smith; The table went for $100.) pójść4) (to lead to: Where does this road go?) prowadzić5) (to visit, to attend: He goes to school every day; I decided not to go to the movie.) iść6) (to be destroyed etc: This wall will have to go.) zniknąć7) (to proceed, be done: The meeting went very well.) pójść8) (to move away: I think it is time you were going.) iść (sobie)9) (to disappear: My purse has gone!) zniknąć10) (to do (some action or activity): I'm going for a walk; I'm going hiking next week-end.) udawać się11) (to fail etc: I think the clutch on this car has gone.) zepsuć się12) (to be working etc: I don't think that clock is going.) chodzić13) (to become: These apples have gone bad.) stać się14) (to be: Many people in the world regularly go hungry.) chodzić15) (to be put: Spoons go in that drawer.) iść16) (to pass: Time goes quickly when you are enjoying yourself.) płynąć17) (to be used: All her pocket-money goes on sweets.) iść18) (to be acceptable etc: Anything goes in this office.) być możliwym19) (to make a particular noise: Dogs go woof, not miaow.) robić20) (to have a particular tune etc: How does that song go?) iść21) (to become successful etc: She always makes a party go.) pójść dobrze2. noun1) (an attempt: I'm not sure how to do it, but I'll have a go.) próba, `podejście`2) (energy: She's full of go.) animusz•- going3. adjective1) (successful: That shop is still a going concern.) dochodowy2) (in existence at present: the going rate for typing manuscripts.) aktualny•- go-ahead4. noun(permission: We'll start as soon as we get the go-ahead.) przyzwolenie- going-over
- goings-on
- no-go
- all go
- be going on for
- be going on
- be going strong
- from the word go
- get going
- give the go-by
- go about
- go after
- go against
- go along
- go along with
- go around
- go around with
- go at
- go back
- go back on
- go by
- go down
- go far
- go for
- go in
- go in for
- go into
- go off
- go on
- go on at
- go out
- go over
- go round
- go slow
- go steady
- go through
- go through with
- go too far
- go towards
- go up
- go up in smoke/flames
- go with
- go without
- keep going
- make a go of something
- make a go
- on the go -
14 imperative
[ɪm'pɛrətɪv] 1. adj2. n ( LING)it's imperative that you (should) call him immediately — koniecznie musisz natychmiast do niego zadzwonić
* * *[im'perətiv] 1. noun, adjective1) (used of verbs that are expressing a command: In the sentence `Come here!', `come' is an imperative (verb).) (tryb) rozkazujący2) (absolutely necessary: It is imperative that we take immediate action to reduce pollution.) koniecznie2. nounIn `Sit down!' the verb is in the imperative.) tryb rozkazujący -
15 policy
['pɔlɪsɪ]polityka f; (also: insurance policy) polisa f ubezpieczeniowa* * *I ['poləsi] plural - policies; noun(a planned or agreed course of action usually based on particular principles: the government's policies on education.) politykaII ['poləsi] plural - policies; noun(a (written) agreement with an insurance company: an insurance policy.) polisa -
16 rearguard
['rɪəgɑːd]nstraż f tylna* * *noun singular or noun plural (the group of) soldiers who protect the rear of an army (eg when it is retreating). tylna straż -
17 stroke
[strəuk] 1. n( blow) raz m, uderzenie nt; (SWIMMING) styl m; ( MED) udar m, wylew m; ( of clock) uderzenie nt; ( of paintbrush) pociągnięcie nt2. vta stroke of luck — uśmiech losu, łut szczęścia
* * *[strəuk] I noun1) (an act of hitting, or the blow given: He felled the tree with one stroke of the axe; the stroke of a whip.) cios, uderzenie2) (a sudden occurrence of something: a stroke of lightning; an unfortunate stroke of fate; What a stroke of luck to find that money!) (prze)błysk, cios, zrządzenie itd.3) (the sound made by a clock striking the hour: She arrived on the stroke of (= punctually at) ten.) (wy)bicie, uderzeniem4) (a movement or mark made in one direction by a pen, pencil, paintbrush etc: short, even pencil strokes.) pociągnięcie5) (a single pull of an oar in rowing, or a hit with the bat in playing cricket.) pociągnięcie, uderzenie6) (a movement of the arms and legs in swimming, or a particular method of swimming: He swam with slow, strong strokes; Can you do breaststroke/backstroke?) styl (pływacki)7) (an effort or action: I haven't done a stroke (of work) all day.) wysiłek8) (a sudden attack of illness which damages the brain, causing paralysis, loss of feeling in the body etc.) wylew, udar•II 1. verb(to rub (eg a furry animal) gently and repeatedly in one direction, especially as a sign of affection: He stroked the cat / her hair; The dog loves being stroked.) głaskać2. noun(an act of stroking: He gave the dog a stroke.) pogłaskanie -
18 suck
[sʌk]vtssać; pump etc zasysać* * *1. verb1) (to draw liquid etc into the mouth: As soon as they are born, young animals learn to suck (milk from their mothers); She sucked up the lemonade through a straw.) ssać2) (to hold something between the lips or inside the mouth, as though drawing liquid from it: I told him to take the sweet out of his mouth, but he just went on sucking; He sucked the end of his pencil.) ssać3) (to pull or draw in a particular direction with a sucking or similar action: The vacuum cleaner sucked up all the dirt from the carpet; A plant sucks up moisture from the soil.) wciągać, zasysać added noun - possanie4) ((American) (slang) to be awful, boring, disgusting etc: Her singing sucks; This job sucks.) [] do kitu/duszy2. noun(an act of sucking: I gave him a suck of my lollipop.)- sucker- suck up to -
19 abstention
[əb'stɛnʃən]n* * *[-'sten-]noun (the act of abstaining: At the election of the new chairman the voting was six for, three against, and two abstentions.) wstrzymanie się od głosu -
20 activity
[æk'tɪvɪtɪ]n( being active) działalność f; ( action) działanie nt; (pastime, pursuit) zajęcie nt* * *plural - activities; noun1) (the state of being active or lively: The streets are full of activity this morning.) ruch, ożywienie2) (something which one does as a pastime, as part of one's job etc: His activities include fishing and golf.) zajęcie
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