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41 Finsen, Neils Ryberg
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 15 December 1860 Thorshavn, Faeroe Islandsd. 24 September 1904 Copenhagen, Denmark[br]Icelandic physician, investigator and pioneer of actinotherapy.[br]Following his early education in Reykjavik, Finsen moved to Copenhagen and obtained his medical degree in 1891. Appointed as a demonstrator in anatomy at the University of Copenhagen, he soon abandoned a career in academic medicine, preferring the sunlit environment of outdoor life. He was soon studying the nature of light-induced inflammation and proceeded to identify the radiation in the blue-violet and ultraviolet (actinic) parts of the solar spectrum as being particularly responsible. By 1893 he had discovered the beneficial effect of red light on the lesions of smallpox and in 1894 he put forward his conclusion that light possessed a direct therapeutic quality. In 1895 he amplified this work with the treatment of lupus vulgaris (tuberculosis of the skin) using a carbon-arc source suitably filtered to expose the tissues to high concentrations of ultraviolet rays. Extensions of this form of therapy were applied in a number of other conditions until superseded by the development of serology, chemotherapy and antibiotic drugs.In his final years, afflicted with a cardiac condition possibly related to the endemic hydatid disease of Iceland, he carried out an important self-study on salt and water metabolism, laying the foundations for the therapeutic concept of low fluid and low salt intake therapy.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Medicine or Physiology 1903 (the first such award).Bibliography1894. "Les rayons chimiques et la variole", La Semaine médicale.1895. "The red light treatment of smallpox", British Medical Journal.Further ReadingP.de Kruif, 1932, Men Against Death, New York.MG -
42 glass
1) стекло3) зеркало4) стеклянная тара, стеклотара || упаковывать в стеклотару5) стакан; бокал6) мн. ч. очки•-
acidproof glass
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actinic glass
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adiactinic glass
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alarm glass
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alcohol test glass
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alkali glass
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alkali-free glass
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aluminosilicate glass
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amber glass
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anaglyph glasses
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antiactinic glass
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antidazzle glass
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antiglare glass
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armored glass
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art glass
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avanturine glass
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barium glass
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base glass
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bend glass
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beveled glass
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blank glass
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blown glass
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bone glass
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borate glass
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borosilicate glass
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bottle glass
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bottom glass
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broken glass
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building glass
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bulletproof glass
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cabal glass
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cased glass
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cast glass
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cellular glass
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ceramized glass
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cerise glass
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chalcogenide glass
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chart-reading glass
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chemical glass
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chip-mounting glass
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cladding glass
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clear glass
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clear window glass
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clock glass
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cloth glass
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clouded glass
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colored glass
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colorless glass
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commercial glass
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complex glass
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conductive glass
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container glass
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cooking glass
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corrugated glass
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cover glass
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crown flint glass
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crown glass
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crushed glass
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crystal glass
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crystalline glass
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cut glass
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dead glass
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decorative glass
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devitrified solder glass
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dimming glass
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double glass
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double-strength glass
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expanded glass
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face glass
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fancy glass
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fiber glass
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figured glass
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filter glass
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finely crushed glass
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fireproof glass
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flashed glass
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flat glass
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flint glass
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float glass
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fluid glass
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fluoride glass
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fluorine-doped silica glass
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fluted glass
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foam glass
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frosted glass
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frozen glass
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gage glass
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Georgian glass
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germanosilicate glass
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glare-resistant glass
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glazing plate glass
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granulated glass
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green glass
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grooved glass
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ground glass
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hard glass
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hardened glass
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hearth glass
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heat-absorbing glass
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high-melting glass
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high-silica glass
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high-temperature glass
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high-transmission glass
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hollow glass
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horizon glass
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hot glass
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household glass
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illuminating glass
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index glass
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iron glass
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laboratory glass
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laminated glass
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lead crystal glass
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lead glass
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light glass
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light-sensitive glass
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lime glass
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lime-soda glass
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liquid glass
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long glass
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low iron glass
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low-melting glass
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manifold plate glass
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marbled glass
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medical glass
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mirror glass
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mixed-alkali borate glass
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mold-blown glass
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molded glass
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molten glass
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moonstone glass
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natural glass
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neck glass
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noncrystallized solder glass
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nuclear waste glass
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obscured glass
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observation glass
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opacified glass
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opal glass
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ophthalmic glass
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optical glass
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organic glass
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ornamental glass
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overlaid glass
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oxide glass
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pane glass
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particulate glass
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phase-separated glass
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phosphate glass
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photoceram glass
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photochromic glass
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photosensitive glass
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pigmented glass
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plain weave glass
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plate glass
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ply glass
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polished glass
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polished plate glass
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powder glass
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pressed glass
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prism glass
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processed glass
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pyrex glass
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quartz glass
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quick-setting glass
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reduced glass
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refined glass
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refractory glass
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resin glass
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rolled glass
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ruby glass
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safety glass
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sealing glass
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seal glass
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semicrystal glass
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shaped glass
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shatterproof glass
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sheet glass
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shielding glass
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short glass
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sialon glass
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sight glass
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silica glass
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silicate glass
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silvering glass
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single strength glass
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slag glass
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soda glass
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soda-free glass
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soda-lime glass
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soft glass
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solder glass
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soluble glass
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soundproof glass
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space-manufactured ultrapure glass
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spectacle glass
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spin-quenched glass
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sponge glass
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stained glass
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striated glass
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structural glass
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sun glass
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tank glass
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technical glass
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tempered glass
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ternary glass
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tint glass
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toughened glass
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transfer glass
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translucent glass
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tuyere glass
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TV glass
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uviol glass
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visionproof glass
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vitreous glass
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waste glass
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water glass
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window glass
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wire glass
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wired glass
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woven glass -
43 diffuse transmission
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > diffuse transmission
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44 Watkins, Alfred
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1854 Hereford, Englandd. 7 April 1935 Hereford, England[br]English photographer who developed the first practical exposure-measuring system.[br]His first patent was granted on 27 January 1890 and described a method of measuring the "actinic" value of light as a means of determining exposure. A strip of sensitized paper which darkened on exposure to light was used, and the time taken for it to darken to match a standard tint was measured. This time could be used to calculate the necessary exposure time, taking into account the speed of the plate, shutter speed and aperture. Watkins marketed a number of these actinometer designs, of which the most popular was the Watkins Bee Meter, which was in a pocket-watch form, introduced in 1903 and remaining on sale until 1939. Watkins was concerned that photographers recognize that exposure measurement had to take into account the effect of development time and temperature. In 1893 he devised the concept of the "Watkins Factor": he showed that when plates were developed by inspection, as was the practice at the time, a fixed relationship existed between the time of the first appearance of the image and the total time required to give a fully developed negative. The Watkins Factor was the figure that the first time must be multiplied by to give the second time. Watkins published tables of factors for different brands of plates and for different developers, and marketed various aids such as specially calibrated thermometers and clocks, as aids in using "Fac-torial Development" to give consistent negatives. After the early years of the twentieth century Watkins gave up direct participation in photography and devoted his time to a variety of interests, including the plotting of ley lines in England.BC -
45 gamma ray transmission
English-Russian dictionary on nuclear energy > gamma ray transmission
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46 gear transmission
The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > gear transmission
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47 output-mirror transmission
The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > output-mirror transmission
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48 window transmission
The English-Russian dictionary general scientific > window transmission
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49 ray
1) лучб) пучок частиц; излучениег) полупрямая2) излучать(ся); испускать лучи; испускать(ся); расходиться лучами3) облучать(ся); подвергать(ся) действию лучей•- alpha rays
- anode rays
- antiparallel rays
- beta rays
- canal rays
- cathode ray
- collinear ray
- concurrent rays
- convergent rays
- cosmic rays
- delta rays
- direct ray
- divergent ray
- E-ray
- extraordinary ray
- gamma rays
- geodesic ray
- geometrical-optics ray
- GO ray
- Grenz rays
- ground ray
- guided rays
- hard X-rays
- incident ray
- indirect ray
- induced rays
- infrared rays
- Lenard rays
- light ray
- luminous ray
- molecular ray
- O-ray
- ordinary ray
- paraxial ray
- positive rays
- projecting ray
- reflected ray
- refracted ray
- Roentgen rays
- singular ray
- soft X-rays
- space rays
- specular ray
- surface ray
- ultraphotic rays
- ultraviolet rays
- unguided rays
- UV rays
- visible rays
- X-rays -
50 ray
1) лучб) пучок частиц; излучениег) полупрямая2) излучать(ся); испускать лучи; испускать(ся); расходиться лучами3) облучать(ся); подвергать(ся) действию лучей•- alpha rays
- anode rays
- antiparallel rays
- beta rays
- canal rays
- cathode ray
- collinear ray
- concurrent ray
- convergent ray
- cosmic rays
- delta rays
- direct ray
- divergent ray
- E ray
- extraordinary ray
- gamma rays
- geodesic ray
- geometrical-optics ray
- GO ray
- Grenz rays
- ground ray
- guided rays
- hard X-rays
- incident ray
- indirect ray
- induced rays
- infrared rays
- Lenard rays
- light ray
- luminous ray
- molecular ray
- O ray
- ordinary ray
- paraxial ray
- positive rays
- projecting ray
- reflected ray
- refracted ray
- Roentgen rays
- singular ray
- soft X-rays
- space rays
- specular ray
- surface ray
- ultraphotic rays
- ultraviolet rays
- unguided rays
- UV rays
- visible rays
- X-raysThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > ray
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51 transmission
1. n сообщение2. n пересылка3. n перевод4. n перенос; передачаmosquitoes are the only means of transmission of malaria — комары — единственные переносчики малярии
5. n прохождение; распространениеneutron transmission, transmission of neutrons — распространение нейтронов
6. n пропускание7. n тех. передача8. n тех. коробка передач9. n тех. трансмиссия; приводСинонимический ряд:1. broadcast (noun) broadcast; ham radio hookup; microwaves; radio broadcast; radio waves; simulcast; telecast; television broadcasting; transmitter frequency2. mechanism transferring power (noun) automatic transmission; drive train; five-speed; four-speed; gear box; gear shift; mechanism transferring power; planetary gears; stick shift3. transference (noun) carrying across; conveyance; delivery; transfer; transferal; transference; transmittal; transmitting; transplantation -
52 transmission
1. пропускание2. коэффициент пропускания3. передача -
53 window transmission
English-Russian big polytechnic dictionary > window transmission
См. также в других словарях:
Actinic light — produce only light at a specific wavelength of 420 nm. This peak wavelength value produces a very blue light.Photography UseThe term was first commonly used in early photography to distinguish light that would expose a film from light that would… … Wikipedia
actinic light — the portion of the spectrum comprising the light rays capable of producing chemical effects … Medical dictionary
Actinic light — Актиничный свет … Краткий толковый словарь по полиграфии
actinic — adjective Date: 1844 of, relating to, resulting from, or exhibiting chemical charges produced by radiant energy especially in the visible and ultraviolet parts of the spectrum < actinic light > < actinic keratosis > • actinically adverb … New Collegiate Dictionary
actinic retinitis — inflammation of the retina due to exposure to actinic light rays … Medical dictionary
Actinic prurigo — is a rare inflammatory skin disease characterized by sensitivity of the skin to ultraviolet light.HistoryActinic prurigo (AP) was first described by Escalona in Mexico, in 1954.CausesThe cause for actinic prurigo is unknown, although current… … Wikipedia
Actinic conjunctivitis — is an eye condition contracted from prolonged exposure to Actinic (ultraviolet) rays. Symptoms are redness and swelling of the eyes. Most often the condition is caused by prolonged exposure to Klieg lights, therapeutic lamps, and acetylene… … Wikipedia
Actinic cheilitis — Actinic cheilitis, also known as solar cheilitis, is the counterpart of actinic keratosis of the skin and can develop into squamous cell carcinoma. In actinic cheilitis, there is thickening whitish discoloration of the lip at the border of the… … Wikipedia
actinic rays — n pl radiation (as in the violet and ultraviolet parts of the spectrum) having marked photochemical action * * * light rays that produce chemical changes. In general, light rays have more of this property the farther they are from the center of… … Medical dictionary
Light therapy — Intervention Bright light therapy is a common treatment for seasonal affective disorder and for circadian rhythm disorders. ICD 10 PCS … Wikipedia
actinic rays — n. light rays, esp. the violet and ultraviolet parts of the spectrum, that produce chemical changes, as in photography * * * … Universalium