-
141 acerbus
ăcerbus, a, um, adj. [fr. 2. acer, like superbus fr. super, yet the short ă should be noticed], harsh to the taste, of every object which has an astringent effect upon the tongue (opp. suavis, Lucr. 4, 661 sq.).I.Prop.:B.Neptuni corpus acerbum,
bitter, briny, Lucr. 2, 472; and esp. of unripe fruit, sharp, sour, harsh, and the like:uva primo est peracerba gustatu, deinde maturata dulcescit,
Cic. de Sen. 15:saporum genera tredecim reperiuntur: acer, acutus, acerbus, acidus, salsus, etc.,
Plin. 15, 27, 32; and since the harshness of fruit is always a sign of immaturity, so Varro, Cicero, Pliny, et al. use acerbus as a syn. for crudus, immaturus, unripe, crude, lit. and trop.: nondum matura uva est, nolo acerbam sumere, Phaed. 4, 2, 4; so Ov. Am. 2, 14, 24;and trop.: impolitae res et acerbae si erunt relictae,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 14; cf. Gell. 13, 2.—Hence: virgo acerba, not yet marriageable, Varr. ap. Non. 247, 15; and esp. poet. (opp. to virgo matura, v. maturus): funus acerbum, as a translation of the Gr. thaWatos aôros (Eur. Orest. 1030), Auct. Or. pro Dom. 16:ante diem edere partus acerbos,
premature, Ov. F. 4, 647. —Transf.(α).to sounds, harsh, hoarse, rough, shrill:(β). II.serrae stridentis acerbum horrorem, Lucr, 2, 410: vox acerbissima,
Auct. Her. 4, 47;Fig.A.Of men: Rough, coarse, repulsive, morose, violent, hard, rigorous, severe:B.melius de quibusdam acerbos inimicos mereri quam eos amicos, qui dulces videantur,
Cic. Lael. 24:posse enim asotos ex Aristippi, acerbos e Zenonis schola exire,
for there may go forth sensualists from the school of Aristippus, crabbed fellows from that of Zeno, id. N. D. 3, 31 (cf. acriculus):acerbissimi feneratores,
id. Att. 6, 1;so of adversaries or enemies,
violent, furious, bitter, Cic. Fam. 1, 4:acerbissimus hostis,
id. Cat. 4, 6 fin.; so id. Fam. 3, 8:acerbus odisti,
Hor. S. 1, 3, 85 K. &H.: quid messes uris acerba tuas?
Tib. 1, 2, 98 al. —Of things, harsh, heavy, disagreeable, grievous, troublesome, bitter, sad (very often, esp. in Cic.):ut acerbum est, pro benefactis cum mali messem metas!
Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 52; cf. Ter. Hec. 3, 1, 1; Att. ap. Non. 72, 29:in rebus acerbis,
Lucr. 3, 54:acerbissimum supplicium,
Cic. Cat. 4, 6:acerbissima vexatio,
id. ib. 4, 1:acerba memoria temporis,
id. Planc. 41: acerbissimā morte affectus, Serv. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 2 al.—Hence acerbum funus (diff. from above), a bitter, painful death, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 35:acerbum funus filiae,
id. As. 3, 3, 5, and so Nep. Cim. 4: vita ejus fuit secura et mors acerba, afflicting, painful, unwelcome. —In the neutr. subst.: ăcer-bum, i, calamity, misfortune, Ov. Tr. 5, 2, 21; Verg. A. 12, 500—acerba, n. plur. adv. acc. to the Gr. idiom, Lucr. 5, 34 (cf. acuta et al.), several times imitated by Verg. A. 12, 398; 9, 794; id. G. 3, 149.— Adv.: ăcerbe, harshly, sharply, severely, etc., in the trop. signif. of the adj., Cic. Fam. 1, 5; id. N. D. 2, 33; id. Planc. 1:idem acerbe severus in filium,
id. Off. 3, 31, 112; Liv. 3, 50. 12; 7, 3, 9; Tac. A. 2, 87 al.— Comp., Cic. Lael. 16; Suet. Tib. 25.— Sup., Cic. Att. 11, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 2; also Cic. Planc. 35, 86, where, of an exclamation of severe grief, acerbissime for acerrime is defended against Lambinus and Ernesti by Wunder, Planc. l. c. p. 217; so B. & K.
См. также в других словарях:
Above — A*bove , adv. 1. In a higher place; overhead; into or from heaven; as, the clouds above. [1913 Webster] 2. Earlier in order; higher in the same page; hence, in a foregoing page. That was said above. Dryden. [1913 Webster] 3. Higher in rank or… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
above — [ə buv′] adv. [ME above(n) < OE abūfan, onbūfan, overhead, above < on , intens. + bufan < be, BY + ufan, over, on high] 1. in, at, or to a higher place; overhead; up 2. in or to heaven 3. at a previous place (in a piece of writing):… … English World dictionary
Above — A*bove , prep. [OE. above, aboven, abuffe, AS. abufon; an (or on) on + be by + ufan upward; cf. Goth. uf under. [root]199. See {Over}.] 1. In or to a higher place; higher than; on or over the upper surface; over; opposed to {below} or {beneath}.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
above — above, over are synonymous prepositions when they indicate elevation in position. They seldom imply contact between that which is higher and that which is lower; as a rule they allow an interval. Over and above differ in that over usually implies … New Dictionary of Synonyms
above — 1 adv 1: higher on the same page or on a preceding page the discussion above 2: higher or superior in rank or authority the court above above the line: in calculations that yield adjusted gross income or profit above 2 adj: written o … Law dictionary
above — ► PREPOSITION & ADVERB 1) at a higher level than. 2) in preference to. 3) (in printed text) mentioned earlier. ● above board Cf. ↑above board ● above oneself Cf. ↑ab … English terms dictionary
Above — may refer to:*Relative direction *Above (artist), a graffiti artist *Above (album), an album by Mad Season *Above (Pillar album), an album by Pillar *Above Church, an English church … Wikipedia
Above — Álbum de Mad Season Publicación 1995 Grabación 1994 1995 Género(s) Grunge, Blues D … Wikipedia Español
above — above; above·ground; above·proof; above·board; above·stairs; … English syllables
Above — Album par Mad Season Sortie 15 mars 1995 Enregistrement 1994 aux Bad Animals Studios, Seattle Durée 55:36 Genre Grunge … Wikipédia en Français
above — [prep1] higher in position aloft, atop, beyond, high, on high, on top of, over, overhead, raised, superior, upon; concept 752 Ant. below, under above [prep2] more, higher in amount, degree beyond, exceeding, greater than, larger than, over;… … New thesaurus
