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  • 1 compositio

    compŏsĭtĭo ( conp-), ōnis, f. [compono].
    I. A.
    Prop.:

    unguentorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146:

    membrorum,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 47.—Fig.:

    varia sonorum,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 41:

    rerum,

    id. Off. 1, 40, 142:

    magistratuum,

    id. Leg. 3, 5, 12:

    medicamentorum,

    Sen. Ep. 8, 2:

    remediorum,

    id. Ben. 4, 28, 4.—Hence,
    2.
    Esp., concr., in medic. lang., a compound, mixture, Cels. 5, 26 fin.; 6, 6, 16; Plin. 23, 8, 77, § 149; Veg. 1, 17, 16. Thus the title of a writing of Scribonius: Compositiones medicae.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    A connection, coherence, system:

    disciplinae,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 74.—
    2.
    A drawing up in writing, composition:

    juris pontificalis,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 55.—
    b.
    Kat exochên, a proper connection in style and position of words, arrangement, disposition:

    compositio apta,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 52, 200:

    tota servit gravitati vocum aut suavitati,

    id. Or. 54, 182; cf. id. Brut. 88, 303; Auct. Her. 4, 12, 18:

    lege Ciceronem: conpositio ejus una est, pedem servat lenta,

    Sen. Ep. 100, 7; 114, 15; in Quint. very freq.; cf. the 4th chap. of the 9th book: De compositione.—
    II.
    A laying together for preservation, a laying up of fruits, Col. 12, 26, 6; 12, 51, 1; in plur.:

    rerum auctumnalium,

    id. 12, 44, 1.—
    B.
    Trop., a peaceful union, an accommodation of a difference, an agreement, compact:

    pacis, concordiae, compositionis auctor esse non destiti,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 10, 24; id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33; Caes. ap Cic. Att. 9, 13, A, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26; 1, 32; 3, 15 fin.; Dig. 28, 16, 6.—
    III.
    A bringing together or matching of combatants:

    gladiatorum,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > compositio

  • 2 conpositio

    compŏsĭtĭo ( conp-), ōnis, f. [compono].
    I. A.
    Prop.:

    unguentorum,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 58, 146:

    membrorum,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 47.—Fig.:

    varia sonorum,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 18, 41:

    rerum,

    id. Off. 1, 40, 142:

    magistratuum,

    id. Leg. 3, 5, 12:

    medicamentorum,

    Sen. Ep. 8, 2:

    remediorum,

    id. Ben. 4, 28, 4.—Hence,
    2.
    Esp., concr., in medic. lang., a compound, mixture, Cels. 5, 26 fin.; 6, 6, 16; Plin. 23, 8, 77, § 149; Veg. 1, 17, 16. Thus the title of a writing of Scribonius: Compositiones medicae.—
    B.
    Trop.
    1.
    A connection, coherence, system:

    disciplinae,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 74.—
    2.
    A drawing up in writing, composition:

    juris pontificalis,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 22, 55.—
    b.
    Kat exochên, a proper connection in style and position of words, arrangement, disposition:

    compositio apta,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 52, 200:

    tota servit gravitati vocum aut suavitati,

    id. Or. 54, 182; cf. id. Brut. 88, 303; Auct. Her. 4, 12, 18:

    lege Ciceronem: conpositio ejus una est, pedem servat lenta,

    Sen. Ep. 100, 7; 114, 15; in Quint. very freq.; cf. the 4th chap. of the 9th book: De compositione.—
    II.
    A laying together for preservation, a laying up of fruits, Col. 12, 26, 6; 12, 51, 1; in plur.:

    rerum auctumnalium,

    id. 12, 44, 1.—
    B.
    Trop., a peaceful union, an accommodation of a difference, an agreement, compact:

    pacis, concordiae, compositionis auctor esse non destiti,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 10, 24; id. Rosc. Am. 12, 33; Caes. ap Cic. Att. 9, 13, A, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26; 1, 32; 3, 15 fin.; Dig. 28, 16, 6.—
    III.
    A bringing together or matching of combatants:

    gladiatorum,

    Cic. Fam. 2, 8, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conpositio

  • 3 Gewerkschaft

    Gewerkschaft f (Gew.) GEN, PERS, POL (AE) labor union, (BE) trade union, TU, union einer Gewerkschaft angehören PERS belong to a union, be a union member einer Gewerkschaft beitreten PERS join a union
    * * *
    f (Gew.) <Geschäft, Person, Pol> labor union (AE), trade union (BE) (TU), union ■ einer Gewerkschaft angehören < Person> belong to a union, be a union member ■ einer Gewerkschaft beitreten < Person> join a union
    * * *
    Gewerkschaft
    trade (labor, US) union;
    staatlich anerkannte Gewerkschaft registered trade union (Br.);
    für Tarifverhandlungen (als Tarifpartner) anerkannte Gewerkschaft certified union (US);
    Streikposten aufstellende Gewerkschaft picketing union;
    bergrechtliche Gewerkschaft cost-book mining company (Br.);
    betriebsfremde Gewerkschaft outside union;
    freie Gewerkschaft free trade union;
    gelbe Gewerkschaft peaceful (yellow, US, company, US) union;
    konfessionelle Gewerkschaft denominational union;
    ortsansässige Gewerkschaft resident union;
    mehrere Berufsgruppen umfassende Gewerkschaft multicraft union;
    unabhängige Gewerkschaft independent [union];
    Gewerkschaft Bau, Steine und Erden [etwa] building union;
    Gewerkschaft öffentlicher Dienste public service (servants’ trade) union;
    Gewerkschaft Druck und Papier [etwa] National Graphical Union (Br.), print union;
    Gewerkschaft für Fach- und Führungskräfte, Büro- und Computerangestellte Association of Scientific, Technical and Managerial Staff (Br.);
    Gewerkschaft für wissenschaftliche, technische und leitende Mitarbeiter Association of Scientific, Technical and Managerial Staff (Br.);
    Gewerkschaft mit Mitgliedersperre closed union (US);
    einer Gewerkschaft angehören to belong to a trade union;
    aus der Gewerkschaft ausschließen to black up (sl.);
    aus der Gewerkschaft austreten to quit the union;
    einer Gewerkschaft als Mitglied beitreten to join a union;
    nach dem von einer Gewerkschaft ausgehandelten Tarif bezahlen to pay according to union scales.

    Business german-english dictionary > Gewerkschaft

  • 4 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 5 договор

    1) (между государствами) treaty, pact, convention; accord амер.

    аннулировать договор — to abrogate / to cancel / to rescind / to repudiate a treaty

    выполнять договор — to implement / to observe / to abide by a treaty

    завершить / закончить работу по составлению договора — to complete / to consummate a treaty

    заключить договор — to conclude / to effect / to make / to enter into / to sign a treaty

    зарегистрировать / регистрировать договор — to register a treaty

    навязать кабальный / неравноправный договор — to impose an enslaving / inequal treaty (on, upon)

    нарушить договор — to transgress / to violate a treaty; to break / to infringe a contract

    представить договор для одобрения / утверждения — to submit a treaty for approval

    придавать обязывающую силу договору, сделать договор обязывающим — to impart the binding force to a treaty, to make a treaty binding

    признать договор недействительным — to declare a treaty invalid / null / void

    присоединиться к договору (уже вступившему в силу) — to accede to / to join / to adhere to a treaty, to become a party to a treaty

    пролонгировать договор, продлить действие договора — to prolong a treaty

    ратифицировать договор — to confirm / to ratify a treaty

    договор не может быть ратифицирован лишь в какой-л. части — the treaty cannot be ratified in part

    договоры несовместимы друг с другом — the treaties are inconsistent with each other; договор остаётся в действии / в силе the treaty continues in operation

    договор предусматривает, что... — the treaty stipulates that..

    договор, срок которого истёк — the treaty which has expired

    бессрочный договор — treaty for an indefinite term, permanent / undated treaty

    военный договор — military agreement / treaty

    гарантийный договор — contract of indemnity, guarantee treaty, treaty of guarantee

    дружественный договор между отдельными лицами / партиями / правительствами — concordat

    локальный / локализованный договор — localized treaty

    мирный договор — peace treaty, treaty of peace

    неравноправный договор — inequitable / unequal treaty

    открытый договор, договор, открытый для подписания — open treaty

    равноправный договор — equitable / nondiscriminatory treaty

    секретный / тайный договор — secret covenant / treaty

    союзный договор — treaty of alliance / union

    торговый договор — trade / commercial treaty

    трёхсторонний договор — triangular / trilateral / tripartite treaty

    устный договор — parol / oral treaty

    аннулирование договора — abrogation / cancellation of a treaty

    в соответствии с буквой и духом договора — in accordance / on compliance with the letter and spirit of the treaty

    вступление договора в силу — entry into force of a treaty, coming of a treaty into force

    выполнение договора — execution / fulfilment / implementation of a treaty

    добросовестное выполнение договора — fulfilment / implementation of a treaty in good faith

    обеспечить полное выполнение всех положений и пониманий договора — to achieve the full implementation of all the provisions and understandings of the treaty

    проверять выполнение договора — to check up on one's compliance with the treaty, to review the operation of the treaty

    проверка выполнения договора — verification / review of a treaty

    средства, обеспечивающие выполнение договора — means to secure the performance of a treaty

    выход из договора — pull-out / withdrawal from a treaty

    выход из договора / отказ от договора с уведомлением — withdrawal from a treaty with notice

    действие договора — effect / operation of a treaty

    прекращение действия договора (вследствие истечения его срока или в результате возникновения определённого оговорённого условия)expiration of a treaty

    продлить срок действия договора — to prolong the time of operation of a treaty, to extend a treaty

    денонсация / денонсирование договора — denunciation of a treaty

    договоры государств-участников, заключённые до создания сообщества с третьими странами — pre-community treaties of member-states with third countries

    договоры, заключённые до получения независимости — pre-independence treaties

    договор, заключённый страной пребывания — treaty concluded by the country of residence

    договор, запрещающий все испытания ядерного оружия — treaty banning all nuclear weapon tests

    договор, который не предусматривает денонсации или отказа — the treaty which does not provide for denunciation or withdrawal

    договор, не имеющий законной силы — invalid treaty

    договор, не направленный против третьей стороны — nondiscriminatory treaty

    договор, не требующий особых законодательных мероприятий — self-executing treaty

    договор безопасности — security treaty / pact

    "Д. о взаимном неприменении силы и поддержании отношений мира между государствами" — "Treaty on Mutual Non-Use of Force and Maintenance of Peaceful Relations among States"

    договор о взаимопомощи — treaty of mutual assistance, mutual assistance pact

    договор о выдаче преступника — extradition treaty, treaty of extradition

    договор о гарантиях — guarantee treaty, treaty of guarantee

    договор о дружбе, добрососедстве и сотрудничестве — treaty of friendship, neigh-bourliness and cooperation

    договор о дружбе, сотрудничестве и взаимопомощи — treaty of friendship, cooperation and mutual assistance

    "Д. о запрещении испытаний ядерного оружия в атмосфере, в космическом пространстве и под водой" — "Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and Under Water"

    договор о зоне, свободной от ядерного оружия — nuclear-weapon-free-zone treaty

    договор о мире, дружбе и сотрудничестве — treaty of peace, friendship and cooperation

    договор о нейтралитете — treaty of neutrality, neutrality treaty

    договор о ненападении — nonaggression pact / treaty

    договор о торговле и судоходстве / мореплавании — treaty of / on commerce and navigation

    Договор об ограничении стратегических вооружений / ОСВ — Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, SALT

    договор, открытый для присоединения третьих государств — treaty opened to accession of third states

    договор по противоракетной обороне, ПРО — Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM treaty)

    Договор по ракетам средней и меньшей дальности, РСМД — Treaty on the Elimination of Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range Missiles

    договор, подлежащий выполнению в будущем — executory treaty

    договор, предусматривающий аналогичные / равные / одинаковые привилегии — treaty providing for reciprocal privileges

    договор, принятый в рамках международной организации — treaty adopted within an international organization

    договор с внесённой / внесёнными в него поправкой / поправками — treaty as amended

    договоры, устанавливающие свободу судоходства на международных водных путях или реках — treaties according freedom of navigation in international waterways or rivers

    договор, устаревший в силу тех или иных событий — treaty outmoded by events

    заключение договора — conclusion / formation of a treaty, treaty-making

    исполнение договора — execution of a treaty / contract

    нарушение договора — breach / infringement / violation of a treaty

    грубое нарушение договора — gross / flagrant violation of a treaty

    несоблюдение договора — noncompliance with / nonobservance of a treaty

    быть несовместимым с объектом / целями договора — to be incompatible with the object and purpose of a treaty

    обязательная сила / обязательность договоров — binding / obligatory force / obligation of treaties

    отказ от договора — repudiation / renunciation of a treaty

    полный свод договоров, заключённых страной пребывания — complete set of treaties concluded by the country of residence

    поправка к договору — amendment to a treaty, amending clause

    порядок / система размещения материала в договоре — arrangement of a treaty

    продление / пролонгация договора — clause of a treaty

    спорные пункты договора — controversial provisions of a treaty, contentious clauses in a treaty

    стороны, подписавшие договор — parties to a treaty

    сторона, связанная договором — party bound by a treaty

    разработать текст договора — to draft / to frame the text of a treaty

    расположение / структура текста договора — arrangement of the text of a treaty

    условия договора — stipulations / terms of a treaty

    контролировать выполнение условий договора — to supervise the observance of the treaty provisions / terms

    2) (соглашение, контракт) agreement, contract, concord

    Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > договор

  • 6 anhelar

    v.
    1 to long or wish for.
    anhelar hacer algo to long to do something
    2 to desire, to aspire after, to be sick for, to crave after.
    3 to yearn to, to desire to, to long to, to look forward to.
    4 to pine, to languish.
    * * *
    1 to long for, yearn for
    * * *
    verb
    to long for, yearn for
    * * *
    1.
    VT to long for, yearn for

    anhelar hacer algo — to be eager to do sth, long to do sth

    2.
    VI (Med) to gasp, pant
    * * *
    verbo transitivo (liter) <fama/poder> to yearn for, to long for

    anhelar + inf — to long to + inf, yearn to + inf

    * * *
    = itch for, long (for), crave, be more than ready for, gag for, covet, pine, lust (for/after/over), yearn, crave for.
    Ex. It seems like he's itching for a change but doesn't know exactly the direction or directions to pursue in order to accomplish the change.
    Ex. After you have chosen a story you long to tell, read it over and over and then analyse it.
    Ex. Mayo maintained that workers are motivated by 'togetherness' and crave individual recognition within the group = Mayo mantenía que los trabajadores se motivan por la solidaridad y anhelan el reconocimiento individual dentro del grupo.
    Ex. By the time the first Italian parliament was formed in 1861, Italy was more than ready for political union.
    Ex. Ireland is gagging for affordable broadband, according to a survey of 1400 net users.
    Ex. He coveted his brother's power and so started to spin a conspiracy in order to assassinate him and take his place both on the throne and on the wedding thalamus.
    Ex. The 2.1 km trail is perfect for working up a thirst - just long enough to make you feel like you got a bit of exercise, but short enough that you aren't pining for very long.
    Ex. These two women were Samaria and Jerusalem, lusting after foreigners and foreign ways, and abandoning their god for shallow and ephemeral pleasures.
    Ex. Since time immemorial, people have yearned for an immediate way to capture living moments in a picture.
    Ex. With all of the things that make up our daily grind, we often find ourselves craving for the next getaway, for the next relaxation period.
    ----
    * anhelar ser = ache to be.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo (liter) <fama/poder> to yearn for, to long for

    anhelar + inf — to long to + inf, yearn to + inf

    * * *
    = itch for, long (for), crave, be more than ready for, gag for, covet, pine, lust (for/after/over), yearn, crave for.

    Ex: It seems like he's itching for a change but doesn't know exactly the direction or directions to pursue in order to accomplish the change.

    Ex: After you have chosen a story you long to tell, read it over and over and then analyse it.
    Ex: Mayo maintained that workers are motivated by 'togetherness' and crave individual recognition within the group = Mayo mantenía que los trabajadores se motivan por la solidaridad y anhelan el reconocimiento individual dentro del grupo.
    Ex: By the time the first Italian parliament was formed in 1861, Italy was more than ready for political union.
    Ex: Ireland is gagging for affordable broadband, according to a survey of 1400 net users.
    Ex: He coveted his brother's power and so started to spin a conspiracy in order to assassinate him and take his place both on the throne and on the wedding thalamus.
    Ex: The 2.1 km trail is perfect for working up a thirst - just long enough to make you feel like you got a bit of exercise, but short enough that you aren't pining for very long.
    Ex: These two women were Samaria and Jerusalem, lusting after foreigners and foreign ways, and abandoning their god for shallow and ephemeral pleasures.
    Ex: Since time immemorial, people have yearned for an immediate way to capture living moments in a picture.
    Ex: With all of the things that make up our daily grind, we often find ourselves craving for the next getaway, for the next relaxation period.
    * anhelar ser = ache to be.

    * * *
    anhelar [A1 ]
    vt
    ( liter); ‹fama/gloria/poder› to yearn for, to long for anhelar + INF to long to + INF, yearn to + INF
    anhelaba llevar una vida tranquila she longed o yearned to lead a peaceful life
    anhelar QUE + SUBJ:
    anhelaba que su hijo fuera feliz his deepest desire o greatest wish was for his son to be happy
    * * *

    anhelar ( conjugate anhelar) verbo transitivo (liter) ‹fama/poder to yearn for, to long for;

    anhelaba que su hijo fuera feliz his greatest wish was for his son to be happy
    anhelar verbo transitivo to yearn for, to long for

    ' anhelar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    desear
    - suspirar
    English:
    hanker
    - itch
    - long
    - yearn
    * * *
    to long for;
    un político que anhela poder a politician who is hungry for power;
    anhela tener su propia casa she longs to have a house of her own;
    anhelan que acabe la guerra they are longing for the war to end
    * * *
    v/t long for
    * * *
    : to yearn for, to crave

    Spanish-English dictionary > anhelar

  • 7 gelbe Gewerkschaft

    gelbe Gewerkschaft
    peaceful (yellow, US, company, US) union

    Business german-english dictionary > gelbe Gewerkschaft

  • 8 règlement

    règlement [ʀεgləmɑ̃]
    masculine noun
       a. ( = réglementation) rules
    règlement intérieur [d'école] school rules ; [d'entreprise] policies and procedures
       b. [d'affaire, conflit, facture, dette] settlement
    * * *
    ʀɛgləmɑ̃
    nom masculin
    1) ( règles) regulations (pl), rules (pl)
    2) ( paiement) payment
    3) ( résolution) settlement

    règlement à l'amiable — amicable settlement; Droit out-of-court settlement

    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    ʀɛɡləmɑ̃ nm
    1) (= solution) solution
    2) (= paiement) settlement

    règlement en espèces/par chèque — payment in cash/by cheque

    3) (= règles) regulations pl rules pl

    Le règlement est affiché à l'entrée. — The rules are up on the wall by the entrance.

    4) ADMINISTRATION by-laws pl
    * * *
    1 ( règles) regulations (pl), rules (pl); règlement administratif/militaire administrative/military regulations; c'est contraire au règlement it's against the regulations ou rules; le règlement c'est le règlement rules are rules;
    2 ( paiement) payment; mode de règlement method of payment; effectuer un règlement to make a payment; règlement en liquide cash settlement ou payment; faire un règlement par chèque to pay ou settle by cheque GB ou check US; en règlement de in settlement ou payment of; veuillez joindre votre règlement please enclose your remittance;
    3 ( résolution) settlement; l'affaire est en voie de règlement the matter is being settled; règlement à l'amiable amicable settlement; Jur out-of-court settlement.
    règlement de comptes settling of scores (entre between); règlement direct direct debit; règlement interne rules and regulations; règlement judiciaire compulsory liquidation; être en règlement judiciaire to be in the hands of the receiver; règlement de police by(e)-law, police regulation; règlement de procédure rules (pl) of procedure; règlement de sécurité safety regulations (pl).
    [rɛgləmɑ̃] nom masculin
    d'après le règlement, il est interdit de... it's against the regulations to...
    règlement administratif ≃ statutory policy
    règlement de police municipale ou municipal ≃ by-law
    2. [paiement] payment, settlement
    3. [résolution] settlement, settling
    règlement judiciaire DROIT compulsory liquidation, winding-up (UK)

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > règlement

  • 9 конференция конференци·я

    выступать на конференции — to address / to speak at a conference

    назначить день проведения конференции — to fix a date for a conference, to appoint a day for a conference

    отложить / прервать конференцию (временно)to suspend a conference

    созвать конференцию — to convene / to call / to convoke a conference

    сорвать конференцию — to wreck / to torpedo / to disrupt a conference

    мирная конференция, конференция по проблемам мира, сторонников мира — peace conference

    учредительная конференция — foundation / founding / constituent conference

    Конференция государств, не обладающих ядерным оружием — Conference of Non-Nuclear Weapon States

    конференция, запланированная на... год — conference scheduled for...

    конференция, не ограниченная временем (без указания времени закрытия)open-dated conference

    Конференция по мерам укрепления доверия и безопасности и разоружению в Европе — Conference on Confidence-building Measures and Security and Disarmament in Europe

    конференция по рассмотрению решений какого-л. предыдущего форума — follow-up conference

    обслуживание конференции — conference facilities; servicing of a conference

    повестка дня конференции — agenda / calendar of a conference

    секретарь конференции — secretary / clerk of a conference

    Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > конференция конференци·я

  • 10 объединение объединени·е

    1) (действие) unification, consolidation; (интеграция) integration; (слияние) amalgamation, merging, fusion; (ресурсов) pooling

    объединение функционально взаимосвязанных / смежных предприятий — vertical integration

    2) (союз) association, union

    Объединение Американской федерации труда и Конгресса производственных профсоюзов, АФТ-КПП — American Federation of Labour-Congress of Industrial Organizations, AFL-CIO

    Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > объединение объединени·е

  • 11 compono

    com-pōno ( conp-), posui (COMPOSEIVERVNT, C. I. L. 1, 199, 2), positum (compostus, Plaut. Mil. 4, 7, 21 Lorenz; Verg. A. 1, 249; Lucil. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 43, 171; Varr ap. Sen. Ep. 56, 6), 3, v. a., to put, place, lay, bring or set together, to unite, join, connect, collect, aggregate, compose, to order, arrange, adjust, etc. (class. and very freq.).
    I.
    In gen., of different objects.
    A. 1.
    Of things in gen.:

    aridum lignum,

    Hor. C. 3, 17, 14:

    composita fronde,

    Prop. 1, 20, 22:

    uvas in tecto in cratibus,

    Cato, R. R. 112, 2:

    in quo (loco) erant ea conposita, quibus rex te numerare constituerat,

    Cic. Deiot. 6, 17:

    (amomum) manipulatim leniter componitur,

    Plin. 12, 13, 28, § 48:

    amphoras in culleum,

    Cato, R. R. 113, 2:

    ligna in caminum,

    id. ib. 37, 5.—
    b.
    To bring into contact, fit together, join:

    quid... in operibus manu factis tam compositum tamque compactum et coagmentatum inveniri potest?

    Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 74: cum poclo bibo eodem, amplector, labra labellis conpono, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 260, 28:

    tum latus conponit lateri et cum pectore pectus,

    id. ib. p. 260, 30:

    conponens manibusque manus atque ori bus ora,

    Verg. A. 8, 486:

    Mercurio Sais fertur Virgineum conposuisse latus,

    Prop. 2, 2, 12; cf.

    caput,

    Tib. 1, 5, 8.—Hence, of broken limbs, etc., med. t. t., to set:

    ossa,

    Cels. 8, 10, 2:

    jugulum,

    id. 8, 8, 8 et saep.—
    c.
    Esp., to pack up for a journey, etc.:

    omnia composta sunt quae donavi,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 7, 21:

    i ergo intro et compone quae tecum simul Ferantur,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 5:

    dum tota domus raeda componitur una,

    Juv. 3, 10.—
    2.
    Of persons:

    is (Saturnus) genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis Composuit,

    Verg. A. 8, 322:

    et tabula una duos poterit componere amantes,

    Prop. 2, 26, 33 (3, 22, 13); cf. II. C. 5. infra.—
    B.
    To set in opposition.
    1.
    To bring together in hostility, to oppose, to couple, pair, match in combat (cf. compositio, III.); esp. of gladiators, etc.: Samnis, spurcus homo, cum Pacideiano conponitur, optimus multo Post homines natos gladiator qui fuit unus, Lucil. Sat. ap. Non. p. 257, 18; cf. Cic. Opt. Gen. 6, 17:

    Rupili et Persi par pugnat, uti non Compositum melius cum Bitho Bacchius,

    Hor. S. 1, 7, 20 Orell. ad loc.:

    staturam habere Threcis cum Threce conpositi,

    Sen. Q. N. 4, praef. 8;

    and in gen.: si quis casus duos inter se bonos viros composuerit,

    Quint. 2, 17, 34:

    cuive virum mallem memet componere,

    Sil. 10, 70:

    componimur Vecordi Decio,

    id. 11, 212:

    hunc fatis,

    id. 1, 39:

    cum ventis, pelagique furentibus undis Composuit mortale genus,

    Luc. 3, 196;

    and fig.: pergis pugnantia secum Frontibus adversis componere,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 103:

    ecce par deo dignum, vir fortis cum fortuna mala conpositus,

    Sen. Prov. 1, 2, 9:

    non illa (rhetorice) secum ipsa componitur,

    Quint. 2, 17, 33;

    and of a judicial contest: accita Epicharis et cum indice composita,

    confronted, Tac. A. 15, 51; 16, 10.—
    2.
    To oppose by way of comparison, to compare, contrast.
    (α).
    With acc. and dat.: quid est, cur componere ausis mihi te aut me tibi? Att. ap. Non. p. 257, 15 (Trag. Rel. v. 147 Rib.):

    nec divis homines componier aequom'st,

    Cat. 68, 141: composita dicta evolvunt, Quae cum componas, dicta factis discrepant, Att. ap. Non. p. 260, 21 (Trag. Rel. v. 48 Rib.):

    si parva licet conponere magnis,

    Verg. G. 4, 176:

    parvis conponere magna solebam,

    id. E. 1, 23; Ov. M. 5, [p. 392] 416:

    audes cladi componere nostrae, Nympha, tuam?

    id. ib. 15, 530:

    divinis humana,

    Aus. Ecl. 1, 10.—
    (β).
    With acc. and cum:

    ubi Metelli dicta cum factis conposuit,

    Sall. J. 48, 1: causam suam cum causa adversarii. Quint. 7, 2, 22.
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Of the parts of a whole, or of a whole as made up of parts.
    1. (α).
    With ex:

    exercitus ejus conpositus ex variis gentibus,

    Sall. J. 18, 3:

    genus humanum ex corpore et anima conpositum,

    id. ib. 2, 1:

    liber ex alienis orationibus compositus,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47:

    antidoton... ex multis atque interim contrariis quoque inter se effectibus,

    Quint. 1, 10, 6:

    ex quo (umore) componi debet (medicamentum),

    Cels. 6, 7, 1 fin.
    (β).
    With abl.:

    mensam gramine,

    Sil. 15, 51.—
    (γ).
    With acc. alone:

    medicamentum,

    Col. 6, 4, 1; Scrib. Comp. 10.—
    2.
    Esp., of buildings, etc., to construct, build:

    qui cuncta conposuit,

    i. e. the Creator, Cic. Univ. 13:

    urbem,

    Verg. A. 3, 387:

    illa (templa) deis,

    Ov. F. 1, 708 Burm. ad loc.:

    aggere conposito tumuli,

    Verg. A. 7, 6:

    deletas Thebas,

    Prop. 2, 6, 5.—
    3.
    Of words, to compound:

    vitilitigatores ex vitiis et litigatoribus, Plin. praef. § 32: verba composita (opp. simplicia),

    Quint. 1, 5, 3.—
    4.
    Of writings, speeches, etc.
    a.
    To compose, write, construct (very freq.):

    leges,

    Lucr. 4, 966:

    compone hoc, quod postulo, de argento: de reliquo videro,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 36:

    quartum librum,

    id. de Or. 2, 55, 224:

    libros,

    id. Fam. 16, 20; Plin. Ep. 9, 9, 1:

    libellos,

    Quint. 12, 8, 5:

    actiones,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 8; Quint. 11, 3, 68:

    argumentum,

    Cic. Att. 15, 4, 3:

    edictum eis verbis,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 116:

    edictum eorum arbitratu,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 46, §

    119: artes,

    books of instruction, id. Brut. 12, 48; id. Ac. 2, 13, 40:

    artificium,

    id. de Or. 2, 19, 83:

    commentarium consulatus mei,

    id. Att. 1, 19, 10; Quint. 1, 8, 19:

    quarum (litterarum) exemplum,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 20, 53:

    quandam disciplinae formulam,

    id. Ac. 1, 4, 17:

    stipulationum et judiciorum formulas,

    id. Leg. 1, 4, 14:

    interdictum,

    id. Caecin. 21, 59:

    poema,

    id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 77; Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 60:

    senatus consultum,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 22, 2:

    testimonium,

    id. Att. 15, 15, 1:

    verba ad religionem deorum immortalium,

    id. Dom. 47, 124:

    de judicialibus causis aliqua,

    Quint. 3, 6, 104:

    aliquid de ratione dicendi, id. prooem. 1: quae de ortu vitaque Scapulae composita erant,

    Tac. A. 16, 14:

    Apion... inmortalitate donari a se scripsit ad quos aliqua conponebat, Plin. praef. § 25: carmen,

    Cic. Mur. 12, 26:

    carmina,

    Tac. Or. 12; id. A. 3, 49:

    epistulas,

    id. ib. 2, 70:

    litteras nomine Marcelli,

    Liv. 27, 28, 4; Tac. A. 11, 20:

    orationem habere ad conciliandos plebis animos conpositam,

    Liv. 1, 35, 2:

    blanditias tremula voce,

    Tib. 1, 2, 91:

    meditata manu verba trementi,

    Ov. M. 9, 521:

    versus,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 8:

    mollem versum,

    Prop. 1, 7, 19:

    cantus,

    Tib. 1, 2, 53:

    in morem annalium,

    Tac. Or. 22:

    orationes adversus aliquem,

    id. ib. 37:

    litteras ad aliquem,

    id. A. 15, 8; 14, 22:

    probra in Gaium,

    id. ib. 6, 9;

    14, 50: multa et atrocia in Macronem,

    id. ib. 6, 44 (38) et saep.—
    b.
    Transf., of the subjects, etc., treated, to write about, treat, celebrate:

    tuas laudes,

    Tib. 4, 1, 35:

    res gestas,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 251:

    tempora Iliaca,

    Vell. 1, 3, 2:

    bellum Troicum,

    id. 1, 5, 3:

    Juli Africani vitam componendo, spem hominibus fecisti plurium ejus modi librorum,

    Tac. Or. 14:

    veteres populi Romani res,

    id. A. 4, 32:

    Neronis res,

    id. ib. 1, 1; 11, 11.—
    B.
    From the notion of closing.
    1.
    To put away, put aside, put in place:

    armamentis conplicandis, conponendis studuimus,

    i. e. folding up the sails and lowering the masts, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 80:

    (tempus) ad componenda armamenta expediendumque remigem,

    Liv. 26, 39, 8:

    vela contrahit malosque inclinat et simul armamenta componens, etc.,

    id. 36, 44, 2:

    arma,

    Hor. C. 4, 14, 52:

    tristes istos conpone libellos,

    put aside, Prop. 1, 9, 13.—
    2.
    To store up, put away, collect:

    nec... Aut conponere opes norant aut parcere parto,

    Verg. A. 8, 317:

    ego conposito securus acervo Despiciam dites,

    Tib. 1, 1, 77;

    so fig.: condo et compono quae mox depromere possim,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 12.— So esp. to preserve, pack, put up fruits, meat, etc., for future use:

    pernas,

    Cato, R. R. 162, 12:

    tergora (suis),

    Col. 12, 55, 2: siccatos coliculos, id. 12, 9, 1:

    caepam in fidelia,

    id. 12, 10, 2:

    herbas,

    id. 12, 13, 2:

    poma,

    id. 12, 47, 5:

    olivas,

    Pall. Nov. 22, 5:

    herbam olla nova,

    Scrib. Comp. 60:

    faenum,

    Dig. 19, 2, 11, § 4:

    fructus in urceis, capsellis,

    ib. 33, 7, 12, §1.—
    3.
    Of the ashes or remains of the dead, to adjust, lay out, to collect and inurn, inter, bury:

    tu mea conpones et dices, ossa, Properti, Haec tua sunt,

    Prop. 2, 24, 35 (3, 19, 19):

    cinerem,

    Ov. F. 3, 547:

    cinerem ossaque,

    Val. Fl. 7, 203:

    sic ego conponi versus in ossa velim,

    Tib. 3, 2, 26.—Hence, in gen., of persons, to bury:

    quem... prope cognatos conpositum cineres,

    Cat. 68, 98:

    omnes composui (meos),

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 28:

    compositi busta avi,

    Ov. F. 5, 426:

    Pisonem Verania uxor... T. Vinium Crispina filia composuere,

    Tac. H. 1, 47:

    componi tumulo eodem,

    Ov. M. 4, 157:

    toro Mortua componar,

    id. ib. 9, 504:

    alto Conpositus lecto,

    Pers. 3, 104:

    aliquem terra,

    Sil. 9, 95.—
    4. a.
    Of things: omnia noctis erant placida composta quiete, Varr. Atac. ap. Sen. Contr. 3, 16:

    cum mare compositum est,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 259:

    aquas,

    id. H. 13, 136:

    fessum tumentes Composuit pelagus ventis patientibus undas,

    Luc. 5, 702.—
    b.
    Of persons:

    nec vigilantibus, sed etiam quiete compositis,

    Quint. 11, 2, 5:

    ubi jam thalamis se conposuere,

    Verg. G. 4, 189:

    defessa membra,

    id. ib. 4, 438:

    si bene conpositus somno vinoque jacebit,

    Ov. Am. 1, 4, 53.—
    5.
    To end strife, confusion, etc., to compose, pacify, allay, settle, calm, appease, quiet, tranquillize, reconcile, etc., that which is disturbed or at variance.
    a.
    With personal object:

    aversos amicos,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:

    ceteros clementia,

    Tac. A. 12, 55:

    comitia praetorum,

    id. ib. 14, 28; id. H. 1, 85:

    juvenes concitatos,

    Quint. 1, 10, 32; cf.:

    barbarum animos,

    Tac. A. 14, 39:

    gentem,

    Sil. 17, 356.—Esp. of the mind:

    prima (pars philosophiae) conponit animum,

    Sen. Ep. 89, 9:

    argumentum conpositae mentis,

    id. ib. 2, 1; Cels. 3, 18; Sil. 11, 352:

    mentem somno,

    id. 3, 162:

    religio saevas componit mentis,

    id. 13, 317.—
    b.
    Of places, countries, etc.:

    C. Caesar componendae Armeniae deligitur,

    Tac. A. 2, 4:

    Campaniam,

    id. H. 4, 3:

    Daciam,

    id. ib. 3, 53.—
    c.
    With abstr. or indef. objects:

    si possum hoc inter vos conponere,

    Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 23; cf.:

    vides, inter nos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componamus gratia quam cum mala?

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17:

    gaudens conponi foedere bellum,

    Verg. A. 12, 109; so,

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 97, 2; Nep. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Vell. 2, 25, 1; Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:

    bella,

    Tac. A. 3, 56:

    cum vellet pro communi amico controversias regum componere,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 109:

    uti per colloquia omnes controversiae componantur,

    id. ib. 1, 9 fin.:

    curas,

    Verg. A. 4, 341; Sil. 12, 682:

    lites,

    Verg. E. 3, 108:

    seditionem civilem,

    Suet. Caes. 4:

    statum Orientis,

    id. Calig. 1:

    Romanus Ardeae turbatas seditione res... composuit,

    Liv. 4, 10, 6; 3, 53, 1:

    legatorum res et bello turbatas,

    id. 45, 16, 2:

    res Germanicas,

    Suet. Vit. 9:

    discordias,

    Tac. H. 4, 50:

    compositis praesentibus,

    id. A. 1, 45:

    odia et certamina,

    id. ib. 15, 2.—Less freq. transf., with the result as object:

    pacem componi volo Meo patri cum matre,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 113:

    si pax cum Carthaginiensibus componi nequisset,

    Liv. 30, 40, 13:

    at me conposita pace fefellit Amor,

    Prop. 2, 2, 2:

    pax circa Brundusium composita,

    Vell. 2, 75, 3:

    pacem cum Pyrrho,

    Just. 18, 2, 6; cf. D. 2. infra.—
    d.
    Absol.:

    coheredes mei conponere et transigere cupiebant,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 1, 7; and so impers. pass.:

    posteaquam id quod maxime volui fieri non potuit, ut componeretur,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:

    Pompei summam esse... voluntatem, ut componeretur atque ab armis discederetur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 16.—
    C. 1.
    In gen., to arrange, adjust, order, set in order:

    aulaeis se superbis Aurea sponda, of one's attitude on a couch,

    Verg. A. 1, 697:

    ad ictum militaris gladii conposita cervice,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 26, 2:

    diductis aedificia angulis vidimus moveri iterumque conponi,

    id. Q. N. 6, 30, 4:

    si ad rem pertinet, quomodo caelo adfecto conpositisque sideribus quodque animal oriatur,

    Cic. Div. 2, 47, 98:

    tibi enim gratias agebat, quod signa componenda suscepisses,

    id. Att. 4, 9, 1.—
    2.
    Esp., milit. t. t.:

    se ad confligendum, Sisenn. ap. Non p. 257, 13: exercitum in hibernaculis, Sali J. 103, 1: in secunda (acie) cohortis, id. H. inc. Fragm. 44 Dietsch: stabant conpositi suis quisque ordinibus (opp. incompositi),

    Liv. 44, 38, 11:

    conpositi numero in turmas,

    Verg. A. 11, 599:

    cunctos licentia vagos compositus invadit = compositis ordinibus,

    Tac. H. 4, 35:

    agmen,

    id. ib. 2, 89; 5, 1; id. A. 12, 16:

    ordines,

    id. H. 4, 33:

    vagos paventesque Vitellianos, sua quemque apud signa, componunt,

    id. ib. 3, 35:

    pugnae exercitum,

    id. A. 13, 40:

    auxilia in numerum legionis,

    id. ib. 2, 80 Nipp. ad loc.:

    equitem per turmas,

    id. ib. 15, 29:

    insidias in montibus,

    Just. 1, 3, 11.—
    3.
    Of the order of words in language: quam lepide lexeis compostae! ut tesserulae omnes Arte pavimento atque emblemate vermiculato, Lucil. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 43, 171; id. ap. Cic. Or. 44, 149; cf. id. ib. sq.:

    ut aptior sit oratio, ipsa verba compone,

    id. Brut. 17, 68.—
    4.
    With reference to orderly appearance, etc., of the clothing, hair; the expression of the countenance, etc., to lay, smooth, adjust:

    suon quisque loco'st? Vide capillum, satin compositu'st commode?

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 97:

    composito et delibuto capillo,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 135:

    comas,

    Ov. R. Am. 679:

    crines,

    Verg. G. 4, 417:

    ne turbarentur comae, quas componi, etc.,

    Quint. 11, 3, 148:

    togam,

    to lay in proper folds, Hor. S. 2, 3, 77; Quint. 11, 3, 156; cf.:

    nec tamen ante adiit... Quam se composuit, quam circumspexit amictus,

    Ov. M. 4, 318:

    pulvinum facili manu,

    id. A. A. 1, 160; cf.

    torum,

    id. F. 3, 484:

    jam libet componere voltus,

    id. M. 13, 767:

    vultu composito, ne laeti excessu principis, etc.,

    Tac. A. 1, 7; Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 5; cf.:

    (Tiberius) compositus ore,

    id. ib. 2, 34:

    vultum natura horridum... efferabat, componens ad speculum in omnem terrorem,

    distorting, Suet. Calig. 50.—
    5.
    In gen., to adjust, arrange, regulate, for the expression of something, or to accord with something; usu. ad aliquid:

    ad abstinentiam rursus, non secus ac modo ad balineum animum vultumque conposui,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 1, 6:

    orationis ipsius vultus ad id, quod efficere intendimus, compositus,

    Quint. 9, 1, 21:

    utraque manu ad modum aliquid portantium composita,

    id. 11, 3, 120:

    ge. stum oratoris ad similitudinem saltationis,

    id. 1, 11, 19:

    figuram ad imitationem alterius scripturae,

    id. 9, 2, 34:

    nec ad votum composita civitas,

    Tac. Or. 41:

    cuncta ad decorem inperi conposita,

    id. H. 1, 71:

    cunctis ad tristitiam conpositis,

    id. A. 3, 1. —Less freq. with dat.:

    voltus conponere famae Taedet,

    to adapt, Tib. 4, 7, 9:

    venturis carbasa ventis,

    Luc. 3, 596:

    me quoque mittendis rectum componite telis,

    id. 3, 717. —With in:

    Nero itinera urbis... veste servili in dissimulationem sui compositus pererrabat,

    disguised, made up, Tac. A. 13, 25. —
    D. (α).
    With acc.:

    ego itinera sic composueram, ut Nonis Quinctilibus Puteolis essem,

    Cic. Att. 15, 26, 3:

    quod adest memento Componere aequus,

    Hor. C. 3, 29, 33:

    conposita atque constituta re publica,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 18, 42:

    necdum compositis maturisve satis consiliis,

    Liv. 4, 13, 5:

    (diem) totum in consideranda causa componendaque posuisse,

    Cic. Brut. 22, 87:

    tempus in cognoscendis componendisque causis consumere,

    id. Or. 42, 143:

    ex sententia omnibus rebus paratis conpositisque,

    Sall. J. 43, 5; 94, 1:

    in senatu cuncta longis aliorum principatibus composita statim decernuntur,

    Tac. H. 2, 55:

    dum quae forent firmando Neronis imperio componuntur,

    id. A. 12, 68.—
    (β).
    With ad or in and acc. of the purpose for which, or the example according to which, etc.:

    cum alteri placeat auspicia ista ad utilitatem esse rei publicae conposita,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 32:

    omnia ad voluptatem multitudinis inperitae,

    Quint. 10, 1, 43:

    animum ad omnes casus,

    id. 12, 9, 20; Val. Fl. 1, 321:

    satis igitur in hoc nos componet multa scribendi exercitatio,

    Quint. 9, 4, 114:

    cultum victumque non ad nova exempla conponere, sed ut majorum mores suadent,

    Sen. Tranq. 9, 2. —
    2. (α).
    In gen.: eum allegaverunt, suom qui servom diceret Cum auro esse apud me: conposita est fallacia, [p. 393] Ut, etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 29:

    quin jam virginem Despondi: res composita'st,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 17:

    ita causa componitur, ut item palaestritae Bidini peterent ab Epicrate hereditatem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 22, § 54:

    societatem praedarum cum latronibus conposuisse,

    Sall. H. 4, 11 Dietsch:

    crimen ab inimicis Romae conpositum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 61, § 141:

    conpositis inter se rebus,

    Sall. J. 66, 2:

    ita conposito dolo digrediuntur,

    id. ib. 111, 4:

    conposito jam consilio,

    Liv. 3, 53, 3: ceteri proditores ea quae composita erant exspectabant;

    convenerat autem, etc.,

    id. 25, 9, 8:

    sub noctem susurri Composita repetantur hora,

    Hor. C. 1, 9, 20:

    ictum jam foedus, et omnes Conpositae leges,

    Verg. A. 12, 315:

    compositis notis,

    Tib. 1, 2, 22:

    crimen ac dolum ultro,

    Tac. H. 1, 34:

    proditionem,

    id. ib. 2, 100:

    seditionem,

    id. ib. 4, 14:

    insidias,

    id. ib. 5, 22; id. A. 12, 54; 13, 47: pacem componere, v. B. 5. supra.—
    (β).
    With rel.-clause:

    cum summa concordia, quos dimitterent, quos retinerent, composuerunt,

    Liv. 40, 40, 14.—
    (γ).
    With inf.:

    ii, secretis conloquiis conponunt Gallos concire,

    Tac. A. 3, 40.—
    (δ).
    Pass. impers.:

    ut domi compositum cum Marcio erat,

    Liv. 2, 37, 1.—
    (ε).
    With ut and subj.:

    compositum inter ipsos ut Latiaris strueret dolum,

    Tac. A. 4, 68; cf. P. a. subst.
    3.
    In gen., to feign, invent, devise, contrive, in order to deceive or delude, etc.: composita dicta, Att. ap. Non. p. 260, 22 (Trag. Rel. v. 47 Rib.):

    ne tu istic hodie malo tuo conpositis mendaciis Advenisti,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 211:

    nec bene mendaci risus conponitur ore,

    Tib. 3, 6, 35 (3, 7, 3):

    sed vobis facile'st verba et conponere fraudes,

    Prop. 2, 9, 31:

    insidias in me conponis inanes,

    id. 2, 32 (3, 30), 19:

    compositas insidias fatoque evitatas ementitur,

    Tac. A. 13, 47:

    si haec fabulosa et composita videntur,

    id. Or. 12; id. Agr. 40:

    quae ut augendae famae composita, sic reliqua non in obscuro habentur,

    id. A. 15, 16; cf.:

    vetustatem, ut cetera, in majus conponentem altores Jovis celebravisse,

    exaggerating, Sall. H. 3, 60 Dietsch.— Part. perf. with in and acc., pretending, assuming the appearance or expression:

    (Domitianus) paratus simulatione, in adrogantiam compositus audiit preces,

    Tac. Agr. 42:

    is in maestitiam compositus,

    id. H. 2, 9; 1, 54:

    in securitatem,

    id. A. 3, 44.—Rarely with ad:

    tunc compositus ad maestitiam,

    Tac. A. 13, 20.— Hence, P. a.: compŏsĭtus ( - postus), a, um.
    A.
    Well-arranged, ordered, or constituted, orderly, regular:

    quae (injuria) dum foris sunt, nil videtur mundius, Nec magis compositum quicquam nec magis elegans,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 13: admiratus sum... sunchusin litterularum, quae solent tuae compositissimae et clarissimae esse, Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1:

    acrior impetu atque animis quam compositior ullo ordine pugna fuit,

    Liv. 28, 22, 13:

    intellegitur, etiamsi non adjecero, conpositum ordinatumque fore talem virum,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 8, 3:

    composita et quieta et beata respublica,

    Tac. Or. 36. —Of writings:

    quare in his quoque libris erant eadem aliqua... omnia vero compositiora et elaborata,

    Quint. 1, pr. § 8; cf.:

    illa quae curam fatentur et ficta atque composita videri etiam volunt,

    elaborate, id. 8, pr. § 23.— Transf., of the orator himself:

    si aut compositi oratoris bene structam collocationem dissolvas permutatione verborum,

    Cic. Or. 70, 232.—
    B.
    Fitly disposed for any purpose, prepared, apt, fit, adapted, qualified, suitable, ready:

    perficiam ut nemo umquam paratior, vigilantior, compositior ad judicium venisse videatur,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 1, 11; so,

    equus bene natura compositus,

    Auct. Her. 4, 46, 59.— With ad or in and acc., or with dat.:

    arte quadam ab juventa in ostentationem (virtutum) compositus,

    Liv. 26, 19, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    alius historiae magis idoneus, alius compositus ad carmen,

    Quint. 2, 8, 7:

    aeque in adulationem compositus (sacerdos),

    Curt. 4, 7, 26:

    (Attici) non maxime ad risum compositi,

    Quint. 6, 3, 18:

    natura atque arte compositus alliciendis etiam Muciani moribus,

    Tac. H. 2, 5.—
    C.
    Quiet, peaceful, undisturbed, calm, composed, unimpassioned, etc.:

    ut peractis quae agenda fuerint salvo jam et composito die possis ibi manere,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 2:

    lenis et nitidi et compositi generis amatores,

    Quint. 10, 1, 44:

    actio,

    id. 11, 3, 110:

    aetas,

    mature, sedate, Tac. A. 13, 1: adfectus mites atque compositi, Quint. 6, 2, 9:

    supercilium (opp. erectum),

    id. 11, 3, 74:

    repetitio eorum (civium) labefactabat compositam civitatem,

    Flor. 3, 23, 3.—
    D.
    Compound, composite, made up of parts (opp. simplex):

    verba,

    Quint. 1, 5, 3; 1, 6, 38; 7, 9, 5:

    voces,

    id. 1, 5, 65; cf. id. 1, 5, 9; 2, 12, 3.—Hence, subst.: compŏsĭtum ( conp-), i, n., that which is agreed, an agreement, compact, etc.; only abl. in the phrases,
    (α).
    Ex composito, according to agreement, by agreement, in concert, Sall. H. 2, 12 Dietsch:

    tum ex composito orta vis,

    Liv. 1, 9, 10; 5, 14, 2; 36, 25, 1; 40, 48, 4; Suet. Claud. 37; Tac. H. 4, 66.—
    (β).
    De composito, by agreement, App. Mag. 1, p. 273; and,
    (γ).
    More rarely in the same sense, composito alone, Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 29; Nep. Dat. 6, 6; Verg. A. 2, 129.—Hence also adv.: compŏsĭtē ( conp-), in an orderly, regular, or skilful manner, orderly, regularly, properly (class. but rare;

    not in Quint.): ambulare,

    Col. 6, 2, 5:

    indutus,

    Gell. 1, 5, 2:

    composite et apte dicere,

    Cic. Or. 71, 236:

    composite, ornate, copiose eloqui,

    id. De Or. 1, 11, 48:

    composite atque magnifice casum reipublicae miserati,

    Sall. C. 51, 9:

    bene et composite disseruit,

    id. Ib. 52.— Comp.:

    compositius cuncta quam festinantius agerent,

    Tac. A. 15, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > compono

  • 12 compositum

    com-pōno ( conp-), posui (COMPOSEIVERVNT, C. I. L. 1, 199, 2), positum (compostus, Plaut. Mil. 4, 7, 21 Lorenz; Verg. A. 1, 249; Lucil. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 43, 171; Varr ap. Sen. Ep. 56, 6), 3, v. a., to put, place, lay, bring or set together, to unite, join, connect, collect, aggregate, compose, to order, arrange, adjust, etc. (class. and very freq.).
    I.
    In gen., of different objects.
    A. 1.
    Of things in gen.:

    aridum lignum,

    Hor. C. 3, 17, 14:

    composita fronde,

    Prop. 1, 20, 22:

    uvas in tecto in cratibus,

    Cato, R. R. 112, 2:

    in quo (loco) erant ea conposita, quibus rex te numerare constituerat,

    Cic. Deiot. 6, 17:

    (amomum) manipulatim leniter componitur,

    Plin. 12, 13, 28, § 48:

    amphoras in culleum,

    Cato, R. R. 113, 2:

    ligna in caminum,

    id. ib. 37, 5.—
    b.
    To bring into contact, fit together, join:

    quid... in operibus manu factis tam compositum tamque compactum et coagmentatum inveniri potest?

    Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 74: cum poclo bibo eodem, amplector, labra labellis conpono, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 260, 28:

    tum latus conponit lateri et cum pectore pectus,

    id. ib. p. 260, 30:

    conponens manibusque manus atque ori bus ora,

    Verg. A. 8, 486:

    Mercurio Sais fertur Virgineum conposuisse latus,

    Prop. 2, 2, 12; cf.

    caput,

    Tib. 1, 5, 8.—Hence, of broken limbs, etc., med. t. t., to set:

    ossa,

    Cels. 8, 10, 2:

    jugulum,

    id. 8, 8, 8 et saep.—
    c.
    Esp., to pack up for a journey, etc.:

    omnia composta sunt quae donavi,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 7, 21:

    i ergo intro et compone quae tecum simul Ferantur,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 5:

    dum tota domus raeda componitur una,

    Juv. 3, 10.—
    2.
    Of persons:

    is (Saturnus) genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis Composuit,

    Verg. A. 8, 322:

    et tabula una duos poterit componere amantes,

    Prop. 2, 26, 33 (3, 22, 13); cf. II. C. 5. infra.—
    B.
    To set in opposition.
    1.
    To bring together in hostility, to oppose, to couple, pair, match in combat (cf. compositio, III.); esp. of gladiators, etc.: Samnis, spurcus homo, cum Pacideiano conponitur, optimus multo Post homines natos gladiator qui fuit unus, Lucil. Sat. ap. Non. p. 257, 18; cf. Cic. Opt. Gen. 6, 17:

    Rupili et Persi par pugnat, uti non Compositum melius cum Bitho Bacchius,

    Hor. S. 1, 7, 20 Orell. ad loc.:

    staturam habere Threcis cum Threce conpositi,

    Sen. Q. N. 4, praef. 8;

    and in gen.: si quis casus duos inter se bonos viros composuerit,

    Quint. 2, 17, 34:

    cuive virum mallem memet componere,

    Sil. 10, 70:

    componimur Vecordi Decio,

    id. 11, 212:

    hunc fatis,

    id. 1, 39:

    cum ventis, pelagique furentibus undis Composuit mortale genus,

    Luc. 3, 196;

    and fig.: pergis pugnantia secum Frontibus adversis componere,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 103:

    ecce par deo dignum, vir fortis cum fortuna mala conpositus,

    Sen. Prov. 1, 2, 9:

    non illa (rhetorice) secum ipsa componitur,

    Quint. 2, 17, 33;

    and of a judicial contest: accita Epicharis et cum indice composita,

    confronted, Tac. A. 15, 51; 16, 10.—
    2.
    To oppose by way of comparison, to compare, contrast.
    (α).
    With acc. and dat.: quid est, cur componere ausis mihi te aut me tibi? Att. ap. Non. p. 257, 15 (Trag. Rel. v. 147 Rib.):

    nec divis homines componier aequom'st,

    Cat. 68, 141: composita dicta evolvunt, Quae cum componas, dicta factis discrepant, Att. ap. Non. p. 260, 21 (Trag. Rel. v. 48 Rib.):

    si parva licet conponere magnis,

    Verg. G. 4, 176:

    parvis conponere magna solebam,

    id. E. 1, 23; Ov. M. 5, [p. 392] 416:

    audes cladi componere nostrae, Nympha, tuam?

    id. ib. 15, 530:

    divinis humana,

    Aus. Ecl. 1, 10.—
    (β).
    With acc. and cum:

    ubi Metelli dicta cum factis conposuit,

    Sall. J. 48, 1: causam suam cum causa adversarii. Quint. 7, 2, 22.
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Of the parts of a whole, or of a whole as made up of parts.
    1. (α).
    With ex:

    exercitus ejus conpositus ex variis gentibus,

    Sall. J. 18, 3:

    genus humanum ex corpore et anima conpositum,

    id. ib. 2, 1:

    liber ex alienis orationibus compositus,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47:

    antidoton... ex multis atque interim contrariis quoque inter se effectibus,

    Quint. 1, 10, 6:

    ex quo (umore) componi debet (medicamentum),

    Cels. 6, 7, 1 fin.
    (β).
    With abl.:

    mensam gramine,

    Sil. 15, 51.—
    (γ).
    With acc. alone:

    medicamentum,

    Col. 6, 4, 1; Scrib. Comp. 10.—
    2.
    Esp., of buildings, etc., to construct, build:

    qui cuncta conposuit,

    i. e. the Creator, Cic. Univ. 13:

    urbem,

    Verg. A. 3, 387:

    illa (templa) deis,

    Ov. F. 1, 708 Burm. ad loc.:

    aggere conposito tumuli,

    Verg. A. 7, 6:

    deletas Thebas,

    Prop. 2, 6, 5.—
    3.
    Of words, to compound:

    vitilitigatores ex vitiis et litigatoribus, Plin. praef. § 32: verba composita (opp. simplicia),

    Quint. 1, 5, 3.—
    4.
    Of writings, speeches, etc.
    a.
    To compose, write, construct (very freq.):

    leges,

    Lucr. 4, 966:

    compone hoc, quod postulo, de argento: de reliquo videro,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 36:

    quartum librum,

    id. de Or. 2, 55, 224:

    libros,

    id. Fam. 16, 20; Plin. Ep. 9, 9, 1:

    libellos,

    Quint. 12, 8, 5:

    actiones,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 8; Quint. 11, 3, 68:

    argumentum,

    Cic. Att. 15, 4, 3:

    edictum eis verbis,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 116:

    edictum eorum arbitratu,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 46, §

    119: artes,

    books of instruction, id. Brut. 12, 48; id. Ac. 2, 13, 40:

    artificium,

    id. de Or. 2, 19, 83:

    commentarium consulatus mei,

    id. Att. 1, 19, 10; Quint. 1, 8, 19:

    quarum (litterarum) exemplum,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 20, 53:

    quandam disciplinae formulam,

    id. Ac. 1, 4, 17:

    stipulationum et judiciorum formulas,

    id. Leg. 1, 4, 14:

    interdictum,

    id. Caecin. 21, 59:

    poema,

    id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 77; Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 60:

    senatus consultum,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 22, 2:

    testimonium,

    id. Att. 15, 15, 1:

    verba ad religionem deorum immortalium,

    id. Dom. 47, 124:

    de judicialibus causis aliqua,

    Quint. 3, 6, 104:

    aliquid de ratione dicendi, id. prooem. 1: quae de ortu vitaque Scapulae composita erant,

    Tac. A. 16, 14:

    Apion... inmortalitate donari a se scripsit ad quos aliqua conponebat, Plin. praef. § 25: carmen,

    Cic. Mur. 12, 26:

    carmina,

    Tac. Or. 12; id. A. 3, 49:

    epistulas,

    id. ib. 2, 70:

    litteras nomine Marcelli,

    Liv. 27, 28, 4; Tac. A. 11, 20:

    orationem habere ad conciliandos plebis animos conpositam,

    Liv. 1, 35, 2:

    blanditias tremula voce,

    Tib. 1, 2, 91:

    meditata manu verba trementi,

    Ov. M. 9, 521:

    versus,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 8:

    mollem versum,

    Prop. 1, 7, 19:

    cantus,

    Tib. 1, 2, 53:

    in morem annalium,

    Tac. Or. 22:

    orationes adversus aliquem,

    id. ib. 37:

    litteras ad aliquem,

    id. A. 15, 8; 14, 22:

    probra in Gaium,

    id. ib. 6, 9;

    14, 50: multa et atrocia in Macronem,

    id. ib. 6, 44 (38) et saep.—
    b.
    Transf., of the subjects, etc., treated, to write about, treat, celebrate:

    tuas laudes,

    Tib. 4, 1, 35:

    res gestas,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 251:

    tempora Iliaca,

    Vell. 1, 3, 2:

    bellum Troicum,

    id. 1, 5, 3:

    Juli Africani vitam componendo, spem hominibus fecisti plurium ejus modi librorum,

    Tac. Or. 14:

    veteres populi Romani res,

    id. A. 4, 32:

    Neronis res,

    id. ib. 1, 1; 11, 11.—
    B.
    From the notion of closing.
    1.
    To put away, put aside, put in place:

    armamentis conplicandis, conponendis studuimus,

    i. e. folding up the sails and lowering the masts, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 80:

    (tempus) ad componenda armamenta expediendumque remigem,

    Liv. 26, 39, 8:

    vela contrahit malosque inclinat et simul armamenta componens, etc.,

    id. 36, 44, 2:

    arma,

    Hor. C. 4, 14, 52:

    tristes istos conpone libellos,

    put aside, Prop. 1, 9, 13.—
    2.
    To store up, put away, collect:

    nec... Aut conponere opes norant aut parcere parto,

    Verg. A. 8, 317:

    ego conposito securus acervo Despiciam dites,

    Tib. 1, 1, 77;

    so fig.: condo et compono quae mox depromere possim,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 12.— So esp. to preserve, pack, put up fruits, meat, etc., for future use:

    pernas,

    Cato, R. R. 162, 12:

    tergora (suis),

    Col. 12, 55, 2: siccatos coliculos, id. 12, 9, 1:

    caepam in fidelia,

    id. 12, 10, 2:

    herbas,

    id. 12, 13, 2:

    poma,

    id. 12, 47, 5:

    olivas,

    Pall. Nov. 22, 5:

    herbam olla nova,

    Scrib. Comp. 60:

    faenum,

    Dig. 19, 2, 11, § 4:

    fructus in urceis, capsellis,

    ib. 33, 7, 12, §1.—
    3.
    Of the ashes or remains of the dead, to adjust, lay out, to collect and inurn, inter, bury:

    tu mea conpones et dices, ossa, Properti, Haec tua sunt,

    Prop. 2, 24, 35 (3, 19, 19):

    cinerem,

    Ov. F. 3, 547:

    cinerem ossaque,

    Val. Fl. 7, 203:

    sic ego conponi versus in ossa velim,

    Tib. 3, 2, 26.—Hence, in gen., of persons, to bury:

    quem... prope cognatos conpositum cineres,

    Cat. 68, 98:

    omnes composui (meos),

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 28:

    compositi busta avi,

    Ov. F. 5, 426:

    Pisonem Verania uxor... T. Vinium Crispina filia composuere,

    Tac. H. 1, 47:

    componi tumulo eodem,

    Ov. M. 4, 157:

    toro Mortua componar,

    id. ib. 9, 504:

    alto Conpositus lecto,

    Pers. 3, 104:

    aliquem terra,

    Sil. 9, 95.—
    4. a.
    Of things: omnia noctis erant placida composta quiete, Varr. Atac. ap. Sen. Contr. 3, 16:

    cum mare compositum est,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 259:

    aquas,

    id. H. 13, 136:

    fessum tumentes Composuit pelagus ventis patientibus undas,

    Luc. 5, 702.—
    b.
    Of persons:

    nec vigilantibus, sed etiam quiete compositis,

    Quint. 11, 2, 5:

    ubi jam thalamis se conposuere,

    Verg. G. 4, 189:

    defessa membra,

    id. ib. 4, 438:

    si bene conpositus somno vinoque jacebit,

    Ov. Am. 1, 4, 53.—
    5.
    To end strife, confusion, etc., to compose, pacify, allay, settle, calm, appease, quiet, tranquillize, reconcile, etc., that which is disturbed or at variance.
    a.
    With personal object:

    aversos amicos,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:

    ceteros clementia,

    Tac. A. 12, 55:

    comitia praetorum,

    id. ib. 14, 28; id. H. 1, 85:

    juvenes concitatos,

    Quint. 1, 10, 32; cf.:

    barbarum animos,

    Tac. A. 14, 39:

    gentem,

    Sil. 17, 356.—Esp. of the mind:

    prima (pars philosophiae) conponit animum,

    Sen. Ep. 89, 9:

    argumentum conpositae mentis,

    id. ib. 2, 1; Cels. 3, 18; Sil. 11, 352:

    mentem somno,

    id. 3, 162:

    religio saevas componit mentis,

    id. 13, 317.—
    b.
    Of places, countries, etc.:

    C. Caesar componendae Armeniae deligitur,

    Tac. A. 2, 4:

    Campaniam,

    id. H. 4, 3:

    Daciam,

    id. ib. 3, 53.—
    c.
    With abstr. or indef. objects:

    si possum hoc inter vos conponere,

    Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 23; cf.:

    vides, inter nos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componamus gratia quam cum mala?

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17:

    gaudens conponi foedere bellum,

    Verg. A. 12, 109; so,

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 97, 2; Nep. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Vell. 2, 25, 1; Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:

    bella,

    Tac. A. 3, 56:

    cum vellet pro communi amico controversias regum componere,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 109:

    uti per colloquia omnes controversiae componantur,

    id. ib. 1, 9 fin.:

    curas,

    Verg. A. 4, 341; Sil. 12, 682:

    lites,

    Verg. E. 3, 108:

    seditionem civilem,

    Suet. Caes. 4:

    statum Orientis,

    id. Calig. 1:

    Romanus Ardeae turbatas seditione res... composuit,

    Liv. 4, 10, 6; 3, 53, 1:

    legatorum res et bello turbatas,

    id. 45, 16, 2:

    res Germanicas,

    Suet. Vit. 9:

    discordias,

    Tac. H. 4, 50:

    compositis praesentibus,

    id. A. 1, 45:

    odia et certamina,

    id. ib. 15, 2.—Less freq. transf., with the result as object:

    pacem componi volo Meo patri cum matre,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 113:

    si pax cum Carthaginiensibus componi nequisset,

    Liv. 30, 40, 13:

    at me conposita pace fefellit Amor,

    Prop. 2, 2, 2:

    pax circa Brundusium composita,

    Vell. 2, 75, 3:

    pacem cum Pyrrho,

    Just. 18, 2, 6; cf. D. 2. infra.—
    d.
    Absol.:

    coheredes mei conponere et transigere cupiebant,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 1, 7; and so impers. pass.:

    posteaquam id quod maxime volui fieri non potuit, ut componeretur,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:

    Pompei summam esse... voluntatem, ut componeretur atque ab armis discederetur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 16.—
    C. 1.
    In gen., to arrange, adjust, order, set in order:

    aulaeis se superbis Aurea sponda, of one's attitude on a couch,

    Verg. A. 1, 697:

    ad ictum militaris gladii conposita cervice,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 26, 2:

    diductis aedificia angulis vidimus moveri iterumque conponi,

    id. Q. N. 6, 30, 4:

    si ad rem pertinet, quomodo caelo adfecto conpositisque sideribus quodque animal oriatur,

    Cic. Div. 2, 47, 98:

    tibi enim gratias agebat, quod signa componenda suscepisses,

    id. Att. 4, 9, 1.—
    2.
    Esp., milit. t. t.:

    se ad confligendum, Sisenn. ap. Non p. 257, 13: exercitum in hibernaculis, Sali J. 103, 1: in secunda (acie) cohortis, id. H. inc. Fragm. 44 Dietsch: stabant conpositi suis quisque ordinibus (opp. incompositi),

    Liv. 44, 38, 11:

    conpositi numero in turmas,

    Verg. A. 11, 599:

    cunctos licentia vagos compositus invadit = compositis ordinibus,

    Tac. H. 4, 35:

    agmen,

    id. ib. 2, 89; 5, 1; id. A. 12, 16:

    ordines,

    id. H. 4, 33:

    vagos paventesque Vitellianos, sua quemque apud signa, componunt,

    id. ib. 3, 35:

    pugnae exercitum,

    id. A. 13, 40:

    auxilia in numerum legionis,

    id. ib. 2, 80 Nipp. ad loc.:

    equitem per turmas,

    id. ib. 15, 29:

    insidias in montibus,

    Just. 1, 3, 11.—
    3.
    Of the order of words in language: quam lepide lexeis compostae! ut tesserulae omnes Arte pavimento atque emblemate vermiculato, Lucil. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 43, 171; id. ap. Cic. Or. 44, 149; cf. id. ib. sq.:

    ut aptior sit oratio, ipsa verba compone,

    id. Brut. 17, 68.—
    4.
    With reference to orderly appearance, etc., of the clothing, hair; the expression of the countenance, etc., to lay, smooth, adjust:

    suon quisque loco'st? Vide capillum, satin compositu'st commode?

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 97:

    composito et delibuto capillo,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 135:

    comas,

    Ov. R. Am. 679:

    crines,

    Verg. G. 4, 417:

    ne turbarentur comae, quas componi, etc.,

    Quint. 11, 3, 148:

    togam,

    to lay in proper folds, Hor. S. 2, 3, 77; Quint. 11, 3, 156; cf.:

    nec tamen ante adiit... Quam se composuit, quam circumspexit amictus,

    Ov. M. 4, 318:

    pulvinum facili manu,

    id. A. A. 1, 160; cf.

    torum,

    id. F. 3, 484:

    jam libet componere voltus,

    id. M. 13, 767:

    vultu composito, ne laeti excessu principis, etc.,

    Tac. A. 1, 7; Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 5; cf.:

    (Tiberius) compositus ore,

    id. ib. 2, 34:

    vultum natura horridum... efferabat, componens ad speculum in omnem terrorem,

    distorting, Suet. Calig. 50.—
    5.
    In gen., to adjust, arrange, regulate, for the expression of something, or to accord with something; usu. ad aliquid:

    ad abstinentiam rursus, non secus ac modo ad balineum animum vultumque conposui,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 1, 6:

    orationis ipsius vultus ad id, quod efficere intendimus, compositus,

    Quint. 9, 1, 21:

    utraque manu ad modum aliquid portantium composita,

    id. 11, 3, 120:

    ge. stum oratoris ad similitudinem saltationis,

    id. 1, 11, 19:

    figuram ad imitationem alterius scripturae,

    id. 9, 2, 34:

    nec ad votum composita civitas,

    Tac. Or. 41:

    cuncta ad decorem inperi conposita,

    id. H. 1, 71:

    cunctis ad tristitiam conpositis,

    id. A. 3, 1. —Less freq. with dat.:

    voltus conponere famae Taedet,

    to adapt, Tib. 4, 7, 9:

    venturis carbasa ventis,

    Luc. 3, 596:

    me quoque mittendis rectum componite telis,

    id. 3, 717. —With in:

    Nero itinera urbis... veste servili in dissimulationem sui compositus pererrabat,

    disguised, made up, Tac. A. 13, 25. —
    D. (α).
    With acc.:

    ego itinera sic composueram, ut Nonis Quinctilibus Puteolis essem,

    Cic. Att. 15, 26, 3:

    quod adest memento Componere aequus,

    Hor. C. 3, 29, 33:

    conposita atque constituta re publica,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 18, 42:

    necdum compositis maturisve satis consiliis,

    Liv. 4, 13, 5:

    (diem) totum in consideranda causa componendaque posuisse,

    Cic. Brut. 22, 87:

    tempus in cognoscendis componendisque causis consumere,

    id. Or. 42, 143:

    ex sententia omnibus rebus paratis conpositisque,

    Sall. J. 43, 5; 94, 1:

    in senatu cuncta longis aliorum principatibus composita statim decernuntur,

    Tac. H. 2, 55:

    dum quae forent firmando Neronis imperio componuntur,

    id. A. 12, 68.—
    (β).
    With ad or in and acc. of the purpose for which, or the example according to which, etc.:

    cum alteri placeat auspicia ista ad utilitatem esse rei publicae conposita,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 32:

    omnia ad voluptatem multitudinis inperitae,

    Quint. 10, 1, 43:

    animum ad omnes casus,

    id. 12, 9, 20; Val. Fl. 1, 321:

    satis igitur in hoc nos componet multa scribendi exercitatio,

    Quint. 9, 4, 114:

    cultum victumque non ad nova exempla conponere, sed ut majorum mores suadent,

    Sen. Tranq. 9, 2. —
    2. (α).
    In gen.: eum allegaverunt, suom qui servom diceret Cum auro esse apud me: conposita est fallacia, [p. 393] Ut, etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 29:

    quin jam virginem Despondi: res composita'st,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 17:

    ita causa componitur, ut item palaestritae Bidini peterent ab Epicrate hereditatem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 22, § 54:

    societatem praedarum cum latronibus conposuisse,

    Sall. H. 4, 11 Dietsch:

    crimen ab inimicis Romae conpositum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 61, § 141:

    conpositis inter se rebus,

    Sall. J. 66, 2:

    ita conposito dolo digrediuntur,

    id. ib. 111, 4:

    conposito jam consilio,

    Liv. 3, 53, 3: ceteri proditores ea quae composita erant exspectabant;

    convenerat autem, etc.,

    id. 25, 9, 8:

    sub noctem susurri Composita repetantur hora,

    Hor. C. 1, 9, 20:

    ictum jam foedus, et omnes Conpositae leges,

    Verg. A. 12, 315:

    compositis notis,

    Tib. 1, 2, 22:

    crimen ac dolum ultro,

    Tac. H. 1, 34:

    proditionem,

    id. ib. 2, 100:

    seditionem,

    id. ib. 4, 14:

    insidias,

    id. ib. 5, 22; id. A. 12, 54; 13, 47: pacem componere, v. B. 5. supra.—
    (β).
    With rel.-clause:

    cum summa concordia, quos dimitterent, quos retinerent, composuerunt,

    Liv. 40, 40, 14.—
    (γ).
    With inf.:

    ii, secretis conloquiis conponunt Gallos concire,

    Tac. A. 3, 40.—
    (δ).
    Pass. impers.:

    ut domi compositum cum Marcio erat,

    Liv. 2, 37, 1.—
    (ε).
    With ut and subj.:

    compositum inter ipsos ut Latiaris strueret dolum,

    Tac. A. 4, 68; cf. P. a. subst.
    3.
    In gen., to feign, invent, devise, contrive, in order to deceive or delude, etc.: composita dicta, Att. ap. Non. p. 260, 22 (Trag. Rel. v. 47 Rib.):

    ne tu istic hodie malo tuo conpositis mendaciis Advenisti,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 211:

    nec bene mendaci risus conponitur ore,

    Tib. 3, 6, 35 (3, 7, 3):

    sed vobis facile'st verba et conponere fraudes,

    Prop. 2, 9, 31:

    insidias in me conponis inanes,

    id. 2, 32 (3, 30), 19:

    compositas insidias fatoque evitatas ementitur,

    Tac. A. 13, 47:

    si haec fabulosa et composita videntur,

    id. Or. 12; id. Agr. 40:

    quae ut augendae famae composita, sic reliqua non in obscuro habentur,

    id. A. 15, 16; cf.:

    vetustatem, ut cetera, in majus conponentem altores Jovis celebravisse,

    exaggerating, Sall. H. 3, 60 Dietsch.— Part. perf. with in and acc., pretending, assuming the appearance or expression:

    (Domitianus) paratus simulatione, in adrogantiam compositus audiit preces,

    Tac. Agr. 42:

    is in maestitiam compositus,

    id. H. 2, 9; 1, 54:

    in securitatem,

    id. A. 3, 44.—Rarely with ad:

    tunc compositus ad maestitiam,

    Tac. A. 13, 20.— Hence, P. a.: compŏsĭtus ( - postus), a, um.
    A.
    Well-arranged, ordered, or constituted, orderly, regular:

    quae (injuria) dum foris sunt, nil videtur mundius, Nec magis compositum quicquam nec magis elegans,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 13: admiratus sum... sunchusin litterularum, quae solent tuae compositissimae et clarissimae esse, Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1:

    acrior impetu atque animis quam compositior ullo ordine pugna fuit,

    Liv. 28, 22, 13:

    intellegitur, etiamsi non adjecero, conpositum ordinatumque fore talem virum,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 8, 3:

    composita et quieta et beata respublica,

    Tac. Or. 36. —Of writings:

    quare in his quoque libris erant eadem aliqua... omnia vero compositiora et elaborata,

    Quint. 1, pr. § 8; cf.:

    illa quae curam fatentur et ficta atque composita videri etiam volunt,

    elaborate, id. 8, pr. § 23.— Transf., of the orator himself:

    si aut compositi oratoris bene structam collocationem dissolvas permutatione verborum,

    Cic. Or. 70, 232.—
    B.
    Fitly disposed for any purpose, prepared, apt, fit, adapted, qualified, suitable, ready:

    perficiam ut nemo umquam paratior, vigilantior, compositior ad judicium venisse videatur,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 1, 11; so,

    equus bene natura compositus,

    Auct. Her. 4, 46, 59.— With ad or in and acc., or with dat.:

    arte quadam ab juventa in ostentationem (virtutum) compositus,

    Liv. 26, 19, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    alius historiae magis idoneus, alius compositus ad carmen,

    Quint. 2, 8, 7:

    aeque in adulationem compositus (sacerdos),

    Curt. 4, 7, 26:

    (Attici) non maxime ad risum compositi,

    Quint. 6, 3, 18:

    natura atque arte compositus alliciendis etiam Muciani moribus,

    Tac. H. 2, 5.—
    C.
    Quiet, peaceful, undisturbed, calm, composed, unimpassioned, etc.:

    ut peractis quae agenda fuerint salvo jam et composito die possis ibi manere,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 2:

    lenis et nitidi et compositi generis amatores,

    Quint. 10, 1, 44:

    actio,

    id. 11, 3, 110:

    aetas,

    mature, sedate, Tac. A. 13, 1: adfectus mites atque compositi, Quint. 6, 2, 9:

    supercilium (opp. erectum),

    id. 11, 3, 74:

    repetitio eorum (civium) labefactabat compositam civitatem,

    Flor. 3, 23, 3.—
    D.
    Compound, composite, made up of parts (opp. simplex):

    verba,

    Quint. 1, 5, 3; 1, 6, 38; 7, 9, 5:

    voces,

    id. 1, 5, 65; cf. id. 1, 5, 9; 2, 12, 3.—Hence, subst.: compŏsĭtum ( conp-), i, n., that which is agreed, an agreement, compact, etc.; only abl. in the phrases,
    (α).
    Ex composito, according to agreement, by agreement, in concert, Sall. H. 2, 12 Dietsch:

    tum ex composito orta vis,

    Liv. 1, 9, 10; 5, 14, 2; 36, 25, 1; 40, 48, 4; Suet. Claud. 37; Tac. H. 4, 66.—
    (β).
    De composito, by agreement, App. Mag. 1, p. 273; and,
    (γ).
    More rarely in the same sense, composito alone, Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 29; Nep. Dat. 6, 6; Verg. A. 2, 129.—Hence also adv.: compŏsĭtē ( conp-), in an orderly, regular, or skilful manner, orderly, regularly, properly (class. but rare;

    not in Quint.): ambulare,

    Col. 6, 2, 5:

    indutus,

    Gell. 1, 5, 2:

    composite et apte dicere,

    Cic. Or. 71, 236:

    composite, ornate, copiose eloqui,

    id. De Or. 1, 11, 48:

    composite atque magnifice casum reipublicae miserati,

    Sall. C. 51, 9:

    bene et composite disseruit,

    id. Ib. 52.— Comp.:

    compositius cuncta quam festinantius agerent,

    Tac. A. 15, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > compositum

  • 13 conpono

    com-pōno ( conp-), posui (COMPOSEIVERVNT, C. I. L. 1, 199, 2), positum (compostus, Plaut. Mil. 4, 7, 21 Lorenz; Verg. A. 1, 249; Lucil. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 43, 171; Varr ap. Sen. Ep. 56, 6), 3, v. a., to put, place, lay, bring or set together, to unite, join, connect, collect, aggregate, compose, to order, arrange, adjust, etc. (class. and very freq.).
    I.
    In gen., of different objects.
    A. 1.
    Of things in gen.:

    aridum lignum,

    Hor. C. 3, 17, 14:

    composita fronde,

    Prop. 1, 20, 22:

    uvas in tecto in cratibus,

    Cato, R. R. 112, 2:

    in quo (loco) erant ea conposita, quibus rex te numerare constituerat,

    Cic. Deiot. 6, 17:

    (amomum) manipulatim leniter componitur,

    Plin. 12, 13, 28, § 48:

    amphoras in culleum,

    Cato, R. R. 113, 2:

    ligna in caminum,

    id. ib. 37, 5.—
    b.
    To bring into contact, fit together, join:

    quid... in operibus manu factis tam compositum tamque compactum et coagmentatum inveniri potest?

    Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 74: cum poclo bibo eodem, amplector, labra labellis conpono, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 260, 28:

    tum latus conponit lateri et cum pectore pectus,

    id. ib. p. 260, 30:

    conponens manibusque manus atque ori bus ora,

    Verg. A. 8, 486:

    Mercurio Sais fertur Virgineum conposuisse latus,

    Prop. 2, 2, 12; cf.

    caput,

    Tib. 1, 5, 8.—Hence, of broken limbs, etc., med. t. t., to set:

    ossa,

    Cels. 8, 10, 2:

    jugulum,

    id. 8, 8, 8 et saep.—
    c.
    Esp., to pack up for a journey, etc.:

    omnia composta sunt quae donavi,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 7, 21:

    i ergo intro et compone quae tecum simul Ferantur,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 5:

    dum tota domus raeda componitur una,

    Juv. 3, 10.—
    2.
    Of persons:

    is (Saturnus) genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis Composuit,

    Verg. A. 8, 322:

    et tabula una duos poterit componere amantes,

    Prop. 2, 26, 33 (3, 22, 13); cf. II. C. 5. infra.—
    B.
    To set in opposition.
    1.
    To bring together in hostility, to oppose, to couple, pair, match in combat (cf. compositio, III.); esp. of gladiators, etc.: Samnis, spurcus homo, cum Pacideiano conponitur, optimus multo Post homines natos gladiator qui fuit unus, Lucil. Sat. ap. Non. p. 257, 18; cf. Cic. Opt. Gen. 6, 17:

    Rupili et Persi par pugnat, uti non Compositum melius cum Bitho Bacchius,

    Hor. S. 1, 7, 20 Orell. ad loc.:

    staturam habere Threcis cum Threce conpositi,

    Sen. Q. N. 4, praef. 8;

    and in gen.: si quis casus duos inter se bonos viros composuerit,

    Quint. 2, 17, 34:

    cuive virum mallem memet componere,

    Sil. 10, 70:

    componimur Vecordi Decio,

    id. 11, 212:

    hunc fatis,

    id. 1, 39:

    cum ventis, pelagique furentibus undis Composuit mortale genus,

    Luc. 3, 196;

    and fig.: pergis pugnantia secum Frontibus adversis componere,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 103:

    ecce par deo dignum, vir fortis cum fortuna mala conpositus,

    Sen. Prov. 1, 2, 9:

    non illa (rhetorice) secum ipsa componitur,

    Quint. 2, 17, 33;

    and of a judicial contest: accita Epicharis et cum indice composita,

    confronted, Tac. A. 15, 51; 16, 10.—
    2.
    To oppose by way of comparison, to compare, contrast.
    (α).
    With acc. and dat.: quid est, cur componere ausis mihi te aut me tibi? Att. ap. Non. p. 257, 15 (Trag. Rel. v. 147 Rib.):

    nec divis homines componier aequom'st,

    Cat. 68, 141: composita dicta evolvunt, Quae cum componas, dicta factis discrepant, Att. ap. Non. p. 260, 21 (Trag. Rel. v. 48 Rib.):

    si parva licet conponere magnis,

    Verg. G. 4, 176:

    parvis conponere magna solebam,

    id. E. 1, 23; Ov. M. 5, [p. 392] 416:

    audes cladi componere nostrae, Nympha, tuam?

    id. ib. 15, 530:

    divinis humana,

    Aus. Ecl. 1, 10.—
    (β).
    With acc. and cum:

    ubi Metelli dicta cum factis conposuit,

    Sall. J. 48, 1: causam suam cum causa adversarii. Quint. 7, 2, 22.
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Of the parts of a whole, or of a whole as made up of parts.
    1. (α).
    With ex:

    exercitus ejus conpositus ex variis gentibus,

    Sall. J. 18, 3:

    genus humanum ex corpore et anima conpositum,

    id. ib. 2, 1:

    liber ex alienis orationibus compositus,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47:

    antidoton... ex multis atque interim contrariis quoque inter se effectibus,

    Quint. 1, 10, 6:

    ex quo (umore) componi debet (medicamentum),

    Cels. 6, 7, 1 fin.
    (β).
    With abl.:

    mensam gramine,

    Sil. 15, 51.—
    (γ).
    With acc. alone:

    medicamentum,

    Col. 6, 4, 1; Scrib. Comp. 10.—
    2.
    Esp., of buildings, etc., to construct, build:

    qui cuncta conposuit,

    i. e. the Creator, Cic. Univ. 13:

    urbem,

    Verg. A. 3, 387:

    illa (templa) deis,

    Ov. F. 1, 708 Burm. ad loc.:

    aggere conposito tumuli,

    Verg. A. 7, 6:

    deletas Thebas,

    Prop. 2, 6, 5.—
    3.
    Of words, to compound:

    vitilitigatores ex vitiis et litigatoribus, Plin. praef. § 32: verba composita (opp. simplicia),

    Quint. 1, 5, 3.—
    4.
    Of writings, speeches, etc.
    a.
    To compose, write, construct (very freq.):

    leges,

    Lucr. 4, 966:

    compone hoc, quod postulo, de argento: de reliquo videro,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 36:

    quartum librum,

    id. de Or. 2, 55, 224:

    libros,

    id. Fam. 16, 20; Plin. Ep. 9, 9, 1:

    libellos,

    Quint. 12, 8, 5:

    actiones,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 8; Quint. 11, 3, 68:

    argumentum,

    Cic. Att. 15, 4, 3:

    edictum eis verbis,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 116:

    edictum eorum arbitratu,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 46, §

    119: artes,

    books of instruction, id. Brut. 12, 48; id. Ac. 2, 13, 40:

    artificium,

    id. de Or. 2, 19, 83:

    commentarium consulatus mei,

    id. Att. 1, 19, 10; Quint. 1, 8, 19:

    quarum (litterarum) exemplum,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 20, 53:

    quandam disciplinae formulam,

    id. Ac. 1, 4, 17:

    stipulationum et judiciorum formulas,

    id. Leg. 1, 4, 14:

    interdictum,

    id. Caecin. 21, 59:

    poema,

    id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 77; Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 60:

    senatus consultum,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 22, 2:

    testimonium,

    id. Att. 15, 15, 1:

    verba ad religionem deorum immortalium,

    id. Dom. 47, 124:

    de judicialibus causis aliqua,

    Quint. 3, 6, 104:

    aliquid de ratione dicendi, id. prooem. 1: quae de ortu vitaque Scapulae composita erant,

    Tac. A. 16, 14:

    Apion... inmortalitate donari a se scripsit ad quos aliqua conponebat, Plin. praef. § 25: carmen,

    Cic. Mur. 12, 26:

    carmina,

    Tac. Or. 12; id. A. 3, 49:

    epistulas,

    id. ib. 2, 70:

    litteras nomine Marcelli,

    Liv. 27, 28, 4; Tac. A. 11, 20:

    orationem habere ad conciliandos plebis animos conpositam,

    Liv. 1, 35, 2:

    blanditias tremula voce,

    Tib. 1, 2, 91:

    meditata manu verba trementi,

    Ov. M. 9, 521:

    versus,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 8:

    mollem versum,

    Prop. 1, 7, 19:

    cantus,

    Tib. 1, 2, 53:

    in morem annalium,

    Tac. Or. 22:

    orationes adversus aliquem,

    id. ib. 37:

    litteras ad aliquem,

    id. A. 15, 8; 14, 22:

    probra in Gaium,

    id. ib. 6, 9;

    14, 50: multa et atrocia in Macronem,

    id. ib. 6, 44 (38) et saep.—
    b.
    Transf., of the subjects, etc., treated, to write about, treat, celebrate:

    tuas laudes,

    Tib. 4, 1, 35:

    res gestas,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 251:

    tempora Iliaca,

    Vell. 1, 3, 2:

    bellum Troicum,

    id. 1, 5, 3:

    Juli Africani vitam componendo, spem hominibus fecisti plurium ejus modi librorum,

    Tac. Or. 14:

    veteres populi Romani res,

    id. A. 4, 32:

    Neronis res,

    id. ib. 1, 1; 11, 11.—
    B.
    From the notion of closing.
    1.
    To put away, put aside, put in place:

    armamentis conplicandis, conponendis studuimus,

    i. e. folding up the sails and lowering the masts, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 80:

    (tempus) ad componenda armamenta expediendumque remigem,

    Liv. 26, 39, 8:

    vela contrahit malosque inclinat et simul armamenta componens, etc.,

    id. 36, 44, 2:

    arma,

    Hor. C. 4, 14, 52:

    tristes istos conpone libellos,

    put aside, Prop. 1, 9, 13.—
    2.
    To store up, put away, collect:

    nec... Aut conponere opes norant aut parcere parto,

    Verg. A. 8, 317:

    ego conposito securus acervo Despiciam dites,

    Tib. 1, 1, 77;

    so fig.: condo et compono quae mox depromere possim,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 12.— So esp. to preserve, pack, put up fruits, meat, etc., for future use:

    pernas,

    Cato, R. R. 162, 12:

    tergora (suis),

    Col. 12, 55, 2: siccatos coliculos, id. 12, 9, 1:

    caepam in fidelia,

    id. 12, 10, 2:

    herbas,

    id. 12, 13, 2:

    poma,

    id. 12, 47, 5:

    olivas,

    Pall. Nov. 22, 5:

    herbam olla nova,

    Scrib. Comp. 60:

    faenum,

    Dig. 19, 2, 11, § 4:

    fructus in urceis, capsellis,

    ib. 33, 7, 12, §1.—
    3.
    Of the ashes or remains of the dead, to adjust, lay out, to collect and inurn, inter, bury:

    tu mea conpones et dices, ossa, Properti, Haec tua sunt,

    Prop. 2, 24, 35 (3, 19, 19):

    cinerem,

    Ov. F. 3, 547:

    cinerem ossaque,

    Val. Fl. 7, 203:

    sic ego conponi versus in ossa velim,

    Tib. 3, 2, 26.—Hence, in gen., of persons, to bury:

    quem... prope cognatos conpositum cineres,

    Cat. 68, 98:

    omnes composui (meos),

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 28:

    compositi busta avi,

    Ov. F. 5, 426:

    Pisonem Verania uxor... T. Vinium Crispina filia composuere,

    Tac. H. 1, 47:

    componi tumulo eodem,

    Ov. M. 4, 157:

    toro Mortua componar,

    id. ib. 9, 504:

    alto Conpositus lecto,

    Pers. 3, 104:

    aliquem terra,

    Sil. 9, 95.—
    4. a.
    Of things: omnia noctis erant placida composta quiete, Varr. Atac. ap. Sen. Contr. 3, 16:

    cum mare compositum est,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 259:

    aquas,

    id. H. 13, 136:

    fessum tumentes Composuit pelagus ventis patientibus undas,

    Luc. 5, 702.—
    b.
    Of persons:

    nec vigilantibus, sed etiam quiete compositis,

    Quint. 11, 2, 5:

    ubi jam thalamis se conposuere,

    Verg. G. 4, 189:

    defessa membra,

    id. ib. 4, 438:

    si bene conpositus somno vinoque jacebit,

    Ov. Am. 1, 4, 53.—
    5.
    To end strife, confusion, etc., to compose, pacify, allay, settle, calm, appease, quiet, tranquillize, reconcile, etc., that which is disturbed or at variance.
    a.
    With personal object:

    aversos amicos,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:

    ceteros clementia,

    Tac. A. 12, 55:

    comitia praetorum,

    id. ib. 14, 28; id. H. 1, 85:

    juvenes concitatos,

    Quint. 1, 10, 32; cf.:

    barbarum animos,

    Tac. A. 14, 39:

    gentem,

    Sil. 17, 356.—Esp. of the mind:

    prima (pars philosophiae) conponit animum,

    Sen. Ep. 89, 9:

    argumentum conpositae mentis,

    id. ib. 2, 1; Cels. 3, 18; Sil. 11, 352:

    mentem somno,

    id. 3, 162:

    religio saevas componit mentis,

    id. 13, 317.—
    b.
    Of places, countries, etc.:

    C. Caesar componendae Armeniae deligitur,

    Tac. A. 2, 4:

    Campaniam,

    id. H. 4, 3:

    Daciam,

    id. ib. 3, 53.—
    c.
    With abstr. or indef. objects:

    si possum hoc inter vos conponere,

    Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 23; cf.:

    vides, inter nos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componamus gratia quam cum mala?

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17:

    gaudens conponi foedere bellum,

    Verg. A. 12, 109; so,

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 97, 2; Nep. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Vell. 2, 25, 1; Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:

    bella,

    Tac. A. 3, 56:

    cum vellet pro communi amico controversias regum componere,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 109:

    uti per colloquia omnes controversiae componantur,

    id. ib. 1, 9 fin.:

    curas,

    Verg. A. 4, 341; Sil. 12, 682:

    lites,

    Verg. E. 3, 108:

    seditionem civilem,

    Suet. Caes. 4:

    statum Orientis,

    id. Calig. 1:

    Romanus Ardeae turbatas seditione res... composuit,

    Liv. 4, 10, 6; 3, 53, 1:

    legatorum res et bello turbatas,

    id. 45, 16, 2:

    res Germanicas,

    Suet. Vit. 9:

    discordias,

    Tac. H. 4, 50:

    compositis praesentibus,

    id. A. 1, 45:

    odia et certamina,

    id. ib. 15, 2.—Less freq. transf., with the result as object:

    pacem componi volo Meo patri cum matre,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 113:

    si pax cum Carthaginiensibus componi nequisset,

    Liv. 30, 40, 13:

    at me conposita pace fefellit Amor,

    Prop. 2, 2, 2:

    pax circa Brundusium composita,

    Vell. 2, 75, 3:

    pacem cum Pyrrho,

    Just. 18, 2, 6; cf. D. 2. infra.—
    d.
    Absol.:

    coheredes mei conponere et transigere cupiebant,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 1, 7; and so impers. pass.:

    posteaquam id quod maxime volui fieri non potuit, ut componeretur,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:

    Pompei summam esse... voluntatem, ut componeretur atque ab armis discederetur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 16.—
    C. 1.
    In gen., to arrange, adjust, order, set in order:

    aulaeis se superbis Aurea sponda, of one's attitude on a couch,

    Verg. A. 1, 697:

    ad ictum militaris gladii conposita cervice,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 26, 2:

    diductis aedificia angulis vidimus moveri iterumque conponi,

    id. Q. N. 6, 30, 4:

    si ad rem pertinet, quomodo caelo adfecto conpositisque sideribus quodque animal oriatur,

    Cic. Div. 2, 47, 98:

    tibi enim gratias agebat, quod signa componenda suscepisses,

    id. Att. 4, 9, 1.—
    2.
    Esp., milit. t. t.:

    se ad confligendum, Sisenn. ap. Non p. 257, 13: exercitum in hibernaculis, Sali J. 103, 1: in secunda (acie) cohortis, id. H. inc. Fragm. 44 Dietsch: stabant conpositi suis quisque ordinibus (opp. incompositi),

    Liv. 44, 38, 11:

    conpositi numero in turmas,

    Verg. A. 11, 599:

    cunctos licentia vagos compositus invadit = compositis ordinibus,

    Tac. H. 4, 35:

    agmen,

    id. ib. 2, 89; 5, 1; id. A. 12, 16:

    ordines,

    id. H. 4, 33:

    vagos paventesque Vitellianos, sua quemque apud signa, componunt,

    id. ib. 3, 35:

    pugnae exercitum,

    id. A. 13, 40:

    auxilia in numerum legionis,

    id. ib. 2, 80 Nipp. ad loc.:

    equitem per turmas,

    id. ib. 15, 29:

    insidias in montibus,

    Just. 1, 3, 11.—
    3.
    Of the order of words in language: quam lepide lexeis compostae! ut tesserulae omnes Arte pavimento atque emblemate vermiculato, Lucil. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 43, 171; id. ap. Cic. Or. 44, 149; cf. id. ib. sq.:

    ut aptior sit oratio, ipsa verba compone,

    id. Brut. 17, 68.—
    4.
    With reference to orderly appearance, etc., of the clothing, hair; the expression of the countenance, etc., to lay, smooth, adjust:

    suon quisque loco'st? Vide capillum, satin compositu'st commode?

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 97:

    composito et delibuto capillo,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 135:

    comas,

    Ov. R. Am. 679:

    crines,

    Verg. G. 4, 417:

    ne turbarentur comae, quas componi, etc.,

    Quint. 11, 3, 148:

    togam,

    to lay in proper folds, Hor. S. 2, 3, 77; Quint. 11, 3, 156; cf.:

    nec tamen ante adiit... Quam se composuit, quam circumspexit amictus,

    Ov. M. 4, 318:

    pulvinum facili manu,

    id. A. A. 1, 160; cf.

    torum,

    id. F. 3, 484:

    jam libet componere voltus,

    id. M. 13, 767:

    vultu composito, ne laeti excessu principis, etc.,

    Tac. A. 1, 7; Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 5; cf.:

    (Tiberius) compositus ore,

    id. ib. 2, 34:

    vultum natura horridum... efferabat, componens ad speculum in omnem terrorem,

    distorting, Suet. Calig. 50.—
    5.
    In gen., to adjust, arrange, regulate, for the expression of something, or to accord with something; usu. ad aliquid:

    ad abstinentiam rursus, non secus ac modo ad balineum animum vultumque conposui,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 1, 6:

    orationis ipsius vultus ad id, quod efficere intendimus, compositus,

    Quint. 9, 1, 21:

    utraque manu ad modum aliquid portantium composita,

    id. 11, 3, 120:

    ge. stum oratoris ad similitudinem saltationis,

    id. 1, 11, 19:

    figuram ad imitationem alterius scripturae,

    id. 9, 2, 34:

    nec ad votum composita civitas,

    Tac. Or. 41:

    cuncta ad decorem inperi conposita,

    id. H. 1, 71:

    cunctis ad tristitiam conpositis,

    id. A. 3, 1. —Less freq. with dat.:

    voltus conponere famae Taedet,

    to adapt, Tib. 4, 7, 9:

    venturis carbasa ventis,

    Luc. 3, 596:

    me quoque mittendis rectum componite telis,

    id. 3, 717. —With in:

    Nero itinera urbis... veste servili in dissimulationem sui compositus pererrabat,

    disguised, made up, Tac. A. 13, 25. —
    D. (α).
    With acc.:

    ego itinera sic composueram, ut Nonis Quinctilibus Puteolis essem,

    Cic. Att. 15, 26, 3:

    quod adest memento Componere aequus,

    Hor. C. 3, 29, 33:

    conposita atque constituta re publica,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 18, 42:

    necdum compositis maturisve satis consiliis,

    Liv. 4, 13, 5:

    (diem) totum in consideranda causa componendaque posuisse,

    Cic. Brut. 22, 87:

    tempus in cognoscendis componendisque causis consumere,

    id. Or. 42, 143:

    ex sententia omnibus rebus paratis conpositisque,

    Sall. J. 43, 5; 94, 1:

    in senatu cuncta longis aliorum principatibus composita statim decernuntur,

    Tac. H. 2, 55:

    dum quae forent firmando Neronis imperio componuntur,

    id. A. 12, 68.—
    (β).
    With ad or in and acc. of the purpose for which, or the example according to which, etc.:

    cum alteri placeat auspicia ista ad utilitatem esse rei publicae conposita,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 32:

    omnia ad voluptatem multitudinis inperitae,

    Quint. 10, 1, 43:

    animum ad omnes casus,

    id. 12, 9, 20; Val. Fl. 1, 321:

    satis igitur in hoc nos componet multa scribendi exercitatio,

    Quint. 9, 4, 114:

    cultum victumque non ad nova exempla conponere, sed ut majorum mores suadent,

    Sen. Tranq. 9, 2. —
    2. (α).
    In gen.: eum allegaverunt, suom qui servom diceret Cum auro esse apud me: conposita est fallacia, [p. 393] Ut, etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 29:

    quin jam virginem Despondi: res composita'st,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 17:

    ita causa componitur, ut item palaestritae Bidini peterent ab Epicrate hereditatem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 22, § 54:

    societatem praedarum cum latronibus conposuisse,

    Sall. H. 4, 11 Dietsch:

    crimen ab inimicis Romae conpositum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 61, § 141:

    conpositis inter se rebus,

    Sall. J. 66, 2:

    ita conposito dolo digrediuntur,

    id. ib. 111, 4:

    conposito jam consilio,

    Liv. 3, 53, 3: ceteri proditores ea quae composita erant exspectabant;

    convenerat autem, etc.,

    id. 25, 9, 8:

    sub noctem susurri Composita repetantur hora,

    Hor. C. 1, 9, 20:

    ictum jam foedus, et omnes Conpositae leges,

    Verg. A. 12, 315:

    compositis notis,

    Tib. 1, 2, 22:

    crimen ac dolum ultro,

    Tac. H. 1, 34:

    proditionem,

    id. ib. 2, 100:

    seditionem,

    id. ib. 4, 14:

    insidias,

    id. ib. 5, 22; id. A. 12, 54; 13, 47: pacem componere, v. B. 5. supra.—
    (β).
    With rel.-clause:

    cum summa concordia, quos dimitterent, quos retinerent, composuerunt,

    Liv. 40, 40, 14.—
    (γ).
    With inf.:

    ii, secretis conloquiis conponunt Gallos concire,

    Tac. A. 3, 40.—
    (δ).
    Pass. impers.:

    ut domi compositum cum Marcio erat,

    Liv. 2, 37, 1.—
    (ε).
    With ut and subj.:

    compositum inter ipsos ut Latiaris strueret dolum,

    Tac. A. 4, 68; cf. P. a. subst.
    3.
    In gen., to feign, invent, devise, contrive, in order to deceive or delude, etc.: composita dicta, Att. ap. Non. p. 260, 22 (Trag. Rel. v. 47 Rib.):

    ne tu istic hodie malo tuo conpositis mendaciis Advenisti,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 211:

    nec bene mendaci risus conponitur ore,

    Tib. 3, 6, 35 (3, 7, 3):

    sed vobis facile'st verba et conponere fraudes,

    Prop. 2, 9, 31:

    insidias in me conponis inanes,

    id. 2, 32 (3, 30), 19:

    compositas insidias fatoque evitatas ementitur,

    Tac. A. 13, 47:

    si haec fabulosa et composita videntur,

    id. Or. 12; id. Agr. 40:

    quae ut augendae famae composita, sic reliqua non in obscuro habentur,

    id. A. 15, 16; cf.:

    vetustatem, ut cetera, in majus conponentem altores Jovis celebravisse,

    exaggerating, Sall. H. 3, 60 Dietsch.— Part. perf. with in and acc., pretending, assuming the appearance or expression:

    (Domitianus) paratus simulatione, in adrogantiam compositus audiit preces,

    Tac. Agr. 42:

    is in maestitiam compositus,

    id. H. 2, 9; 1, 54:

    in securitatem,

    id. A. 3, 44.—Rarely with ad:

    tunc compositus ad maestitiam,

    Tac. A. 13, 20.— Hence, P. a.: compŏsĭtus ( - postus), a, um.
    A.
    Well-arranged, ordered, or constituted, orderly, regular:

    quae (injuria) dum foris sunt, nil videtur mundius, Nec magis compositum quicquam nec magis elegans,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 13: admiratus sum... sunchusin litterularum, quae solent tuae compositissimae et clarissimae esse, Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1:

    acrior impetu atque animis quam compositior ullo ordine pugna fuit,

    Liv. 28, 22, 13:

    intellegitur, etiamsi non adjecero, conpositum ordinatumque fore talem virum,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 8, 3:

    composita et quieta et beata respublica,

    Tac. Or. 36. —Of writings:

    quare in his quoque libris erant eadem aliqua... omnia vero compositiora et elaborata,

    Quint. 1, pr. § 8; cf.:

    illa quae curam fatentur et ficta atque composita videri etiam volunt,

    elaborate, id. 8, pr. § 23.— Transf., of the orator himself:

    si aut compositi oratoris bene structam collocationem dissolvas permutatione verborum,

    Cic. Or. 70, 232.—
    B.
    Fitly disposed for any purpose, prepared, apt, fit, adapted, qualified, suitable, ready:

    perficiam ut nemo umquam paratior, vigilantior, compositior ad judicium venisse videatur,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 1, 11; so,

    equus bene natura compositus,

    Auct. Her. 4, 46, 59.— With ad or in and acc., or with dat.:

    arte quadam ab juventa in ostentationem (virtutum) compositus,

    Liv. 26, 19, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    alius historiae magis idoneus, alius compositus ad carmen,

    Quint. 2, 8, 7:

    aeque in adulationem compositus (sacerdos),

    Curt. 4, 7, 26:

    (Attici) non maxime ad risum compositi,

    Quint. 6, 3, 18:

    natura atque arte compositus alliciendis etiam Muciani moribus,

    Tac. H. 2, 5.—
    C.
    Quiet, peaceful, undisturbed, calm, composed, unimpassioned, etc.:

    ut peractis quae agenda fuerint salvo jam et composito die possis ibi manere,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 2:

    lenis et nitidi et compositi generis amatores,

    Quint. 10, 1, 44:

    actio,

    id. 11, 3, 110:

    aetas,

    mature, sedate, Tac. A. 13, 1: adfectus mites atque compositi, Quint. 6, 2, 9:

    supercilium (opp. erectum),

    id. 11, 3, 74:

    repetitio eorum (civium) labefactabat compositam civitatem,

    Flor. 3, 23, 3.—
    D.
    Compound, composite, made up of parts (opp. simplex):

    verba,

    Quint. 1, 5, 3; 1, 6, 38; 7, 9, 5:

    voces,

    id. 1, 5, 65; cf. id. 1, 5, 9; 2, 12, 3.—Hence, subst.: compŏsĭtum ( conp-), i, n., that which is agreed, an agreement, compact, etc.; only abl. in the phrases,
    (α).
    Ex composito, according to agreement, by agreement, in concert, Sall. H. 2, 12 Dietsch:

    tum ex composito orta vis,

    Liv. 1, 9, 10; 5, 14, 2; 36, 25, 1; 40, 48, 4; Suet. Claud. 37; Tac. H. 4, 66.—
    (β).
    De composito, by agreement, App. Mag. 1, p. 273; and,
    (γ).
    More rarely in the same sense, composito alone, Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 29; Nep. Dat. 6, 6; Verg. A. 2, 129.—Hence also adv.: compŏsĭtē ( conp-), in an orderly, regular, or skilful manner, orderly, regularly, properly (class. but rare;

    not in Quint.): ambulare,

    Col. 6, 2, 5:

    indutus,

    Gell. 1, 5, 2:

    composite et apte dicere,

    Cic. Or. 71, 236:

    composite, ornate, copiose eloqui,

    id. De Or. 1, 11, 48:

    composite atque magnifice casum reipublicae miserati,

    Sall. C. 51, 9:

    bene et composite disseruit,

    id. Ib. 52.— Comp.:

    compositius cuncta quam festinantius agerent,

    Tac. A. 15, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conpono

  • 14 conposite

    com-pōno ( conp-), posui (COMPOSEIVERVNT, C. I. L. 1, 199, 2), positum (compostus, Plaut. Mil. 4, 7, 21 Lorenz; Verg. A. 1, 249; Lucil. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 43, 171; Varr ap. Sen. Ep. 56, 6), 3, v. a., to put, place, lay, bring or set together, to unite, join, connect, collect, aggregate, compose, to order, arrange, adjust, etc. (class. and very freq.).
    I.
    In gen., of different objects.
    A. 1.
    Of things in gen.:

    aridum lignum,

    Hor. C. 3, 17, 14:

    composita fronde,

    Prop. 1, 20, 22:

    uvas in tecto in cratibus,

    Cato, R. R. 112, 2:

    in quo (loco) erant ea conposita, quibus rex te numerare constituerat,

    Cic. Deiot. 6, 17:

    (amomum) manipulatim leniter componitur,

    Plin. 12, 13, 28, § 48:

    amphoras in culleum,

    Cato, R. R. 113, 2:

    ligna in caminum,

    id. ib. 37, 5.—
    b.
    To bring into contact, fit together, join:

    quid... in operibus manu factis tam compositum tamque compactum et coagmentatum inveniri potest?

    Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 74: cum poclo bibo eodem, amplector, labra labellis conpono, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 260, 28:

    tum latus conponit lateri et cum pectore pectus,

    id. ib. p. 260, 30:

    conponens manibusque manus atque ori bus ora,

    Verg. A. 8, 486:

    Mercurio Sais fertur Virgineum conposuisse latus,

    Prop. 2, 2, 12; cf.

    caput,

    Tib. 1, 5, 8.—Hence, of broken limbs, etc., med. t. t., to set:

    ossa,

    Cels. 8, 10, 2:

    jugulum,

    id. 8, 8, 8 et saep.—
    c.
    Esp., to pack up for a journey, etc.:

    omnia composta sunt quae donavi,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 7, 21:

    i ergo intro et compone quae tecum simul Ferantur,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 5:

    dum tota domus raeda componitur una,

    Juv. 3, 10.—
    2.
    Of persons:

    is (Saturnus) genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis Composuit,

    Verg. A. 8, 322:

    et tabula una duos poterit componere amantes,

    Prop. 2, 26, 33 (3, 22, 13); cf. II. C. 5. infra.—
    B.
    To set in opposition.
    1.
    To bring together in hostility, to oppose, to couple, pair, match in combat (cf. compositio, III.); esp. of gladiators, etc.: Samnis, spurcus homo, cum Pacideiano conponitur, optimus multo Post homines natos gladiator qui fuit unus, Lucil. Sat. ap. Non. p. 257, 18; cf. Cic. Opt. Gen. 6, 17:

    Rupili et Persi par pugnat, uti non Compositum melius cum Bitho Bacchius,

    Hor. S. 1, 7, 20 Orell. ad loc.:

    staturam habere Threcis cum Threce conpositi,

    Sen. Q. N. 4, praef. 8;

    and in gen.: si quis casus duos inter se bonos viros composuerit,

    Quint. 2, 17, 34:

    cuive virum mallem memet componere,

    Sil. 10, 70:

    componimur Vecordi Decio,

    id. 11, 212:

    hunc fatis,

    id. 1, 39:

    cum ventis, pelagique furentibus undis Composuit mortale genus,

    Luc. 3, 196;

    and fig.: pergis pugnantia secum Frontibus adversis componere,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 103:

    ecce par deo dignum, vir fortis cum fortuna mala conpositus,

    Sen. Prov. 1, 2, 9:

    non illa (rhetorice) secum ipsa componitur,

    Quint. 2, 17, 33;

    and of a judicial contest: accita Epicharis et cum indice composita,

    confronted, Tac. A. 15, 51; 16, 10.—
    2.
    To oppose by way of comparison, to compare, contrast.
    (α).
    With acc. and dat.: quid est, cur componere ausis mihi te aut me tibi? Att. ap. Non. p. 257, 15 (Trag. Rel. v. 147 Rib.):

    nec divis homines componier aequom'st,

    Cat. 68, 141: composita dicta evolvunt, Quae cum componas, dicta factis discrepant, Att. ap. Non. p. 260, 21 (Trag. Rel. v. 48 Rib.):

    si parva licet conponere magnis,

    Verg. G. 4, 176:

    parvis conponere magna solebam,

    id. E. 1, 23; Ov. M. 5, [p. 392] 416:

    audes cladi componere nostrae, Nympha, tuam?

    id. ib. 15, 530:

    divinis humana,

    Aus. Ecl. 1, 10.—
    (β).
    With acc. and cum:

    ubi Metelli dicta cum factis conposuit,

    Sall. J. 48, 1: causam suam cum causa adversarii. Quint. 7, 2, 22.
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Of the parts of a whole, or of a whole as made up of parts.
    1. (α).
    With ex:

    exercitus ejus conpositus ex variis gentibus,

    Sall. J. 18, 3:

    genus humanum ex corpore et anima conpositum,

    id. ib. 2, 1:

    liber ex alienis orationibus compositus,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47:

    antidoton... ex multis atque interim contrariis quoque inter se effectibus,

    Quint. 1, 10, 6:

    ex quo (umore) componi debet (medicamentum),

    Cels. 6, 7, 1 fin.
    (β).
    With abl.:

    mensam gramine,

    Sil. 15, 51.—
    (γ).
    With acc. alone:

    medicamentum,

    Col. 6, 4, 1; Scrib. Comp. 10.—
    2.
    Esp., of buildings, etc., to construct, build:

    qui cuncta conposuit,

    i. e. the Creator, Cic. Univ. 13:

    urbem,

    Verg. A. 3, 387:

    illa (templa) deis,

    Ov. F. 1, 708 Burm. ad loc.:

    aggere conposito tumuli,

    Verg. A. 7, 6:

    deletas Thebas,

    Prop. 2, 6, 5.—
    3.
    Of words, to compound:

    vitilitigatores ex vitiis et litigatoribus, Plin. praef. § 32: verba composita (opp. simplicia),

    Quint. 1, 5, 3.—
    4.
    Of writings, speeches, etc.
    a.
    To compose, write, construct (very freq.):

    leges,

    Lucr. 4, 966:

    compone hoc, quod postulo, de argento: de reliquo videro,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 36:

    quartum librum,

    id. de Or. 2, 55, 224:

    libros,

    id. Fam. 16, 20; Plin. Ep. 9, 9, 1:

    libellos,

    Quint. 12, 8, 5:

    actiones,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 8; Quint. 11, 3, 68:

    argumentum,

    Cic. Att. 15, 4, 3:

    edictum eis verbis,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 116:

    edictum eorum arbitratu,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 46, §

    119: artes,

    books of instruction, id. Brut. 12, 48; id. Ac. 2, 13, 40:

    artificium,

    id. de Or. 2, 19, 83:

    commentarium consulatus mei,

    id. Att. 1, 19, 10; Quint. 1, 8, 19:

    quarum (litterarum) exemplum,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 20, 53:

    quandam disciplinae formulam,

    id. Ac. 1, 4, 17:

    stipulationum et judiciorum formulas,

    id. Leg. 1, 4, 14:

    interdictum,

    id. Caecin. 21, 59:

    poema,

    id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 77; Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 60:

    senatus consultum,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 22, 2:

    testimonium,

    id. Att. 15, 15, 1:

    verba ad religionem deorum immortalium,

    id. Dom. 47, 124:

    de judicialibus causis aliqua,

    Quint. 3, 6, 104:

    aliquid de ratione dicendi, id. prooem. 1: quae de ortu vitaque Scapulae composita erant,

    Tac. A. 16, 14:

    Apion... inmortalitate donari a se scripsit ad quos aliqua conponebat, Plin. praef. § 25: carmen,

    Cic. Mur. 12, 26:

    carmina,

    Tac. Or. 12; id. A. 3, 49:

    epistulas,

    id. ib. 2, 70:

    litteras nomine Marcelli,

    Liv. 27, 28, 4; Tac. A. 11, 20:

    orationem habere ad conciliandos plebis animos conpositam,

    Liv. 1, 35, 2:

    blanditias tremula voce,

    Tib. 1, 2, 91:

    meditata manu verba trementi,

    Ov. M. 9, 521:

    versus,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 8:

    mollem versum,

    Prop. 1, 7, 19:

    cantus,

    Tib. 1, 2, 53:

    in morem annalium,

    Tac. Or. 22:

    orationes adversus aliquem,

    id. ib. 37:

    litteras ad aliquem,

    id. A. 15, 8; 14, 22:

    probra in Gaium,

    id. ib. 6, 9;

    14, 50: multa et atrocia in Macronem,

    id. ib. 6, 44 (38) et saep.—
    b.
    Transf., of the subjects, etc., treated, to write about, treat, celebrate:

    tuas laudes,

    Tib. 4, 1, 35:

    res gestas,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 251:

    tempora Iliaca,

    Vell. 1, 3, 2:

    bellum Troicum,

    id. 1, 5, 3:

    Juli Africani vitam componendo, spem hominibus fecisti plurium ejus modi librorum,

    Tac. Or. 14:

    veteres populi Romani res,

    id. A. 4, 32:

    Neronis res,

    id. ib. 1, 1; 11, 11.—
    B.
    From the notion of closing.
    1.
    To put away, put aside, put in place:

    armamentis conplicandis, conponendis studuimus,

    i. e. folding up the sails and lowering the masts, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 80:

    (tempus) ad componenda armamenta expediendumque remigem,

    Liv. 26, 39, 8:

    vela contrahit malosque inclinat et simul armamenta componens, etc.,

    id. 36, 44, 2:

    arma,

    Hor. C. 4, 14, 52:

    tristes istos conpone libellos,

    put aside, Prop. 1, 9, 13.—
    2.
    To store up, put away, collect:

    nec... Aut conponere opes norant aut parcere parto,

    Verg. A. 8, 317:

    ego conposito securus acervo Despiciam dites,

    Tib. 1, 1, 77;

    so fig.: condo et compono quae mox depromere possim,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 12.— So esp. to preserve, pack, put up fruits, meat, etc., for future use:

    pernas,

    Cato, R. R. 162, 12:

    tergora (suis),

    Col. 12, 55, 2: siccatos coliculos, id. 12, 9, 1:

    caepam in fidelia,

    id. 12, 10, 2:

    herbas,

    id. 12, 13, 2:

    poma,

    id. 12, 47, 5:

    olivas,

    Pall. Nov. 22, 5:

    herbam olla nova,

    Scrib. Comp. 60:

    faenum,

    Dig. 19, 2, 11, § 4:

    fructus in urceis, capsellis,

    ib. 33, 7, 12, §1.—
    3.
    Of the ashes or remains of the dead, to adjust, lay out, to collect and inurn, inter, bury:

    tu mea conpones et dices, ossa, Properti, Haec tua sunt,

    Prop. 2, 24, 35 (3, 19, 19):

    cinerem,

    Ov. F. 3, 547:

    cinerem ossaque,

    Val. Fl. 7, 203:

    sic ego conponi versus in ossa velim,

    Tib. 3, 2, 26.—Hence, in gen., of persons, to bury:

    quem... prope cognatos conpositum cineres,

    Cat. 68, 98:

    omnes composui (meos),

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 28:

    compositi busta avi,

    Ov. F. 5, 426:

    Pisonem Verania uxor... T. Vinium Crispina filia composuere,

    Tac. H. 1, 47:

    componi tumulo eodem,

    Ov. M. 4, 157:

    toro Mortua componar,

    id. ib. 9, 504:

    alto Conpositus lecto,

    Pers. 3, 104:

    aliquem terra,

    Sil. 9, 95.—
    4. a.
    Of things: omnia noctis erant placida composta quiete, Varr. Atac. ap. Sen. Contr. 3, 16:

    cum mare compositum est,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 259:

    aquas,

    id. H. 13, 136:

    fessum tumentes Composuit pelagus ventis patientibus undas,

    Luc. 5, 702.—
    b.
    Of persons:

    nec vigilantibus, sed etiam quiete compositis,

    Quint. 11, 2, 5:

    ubi jam thalamis se conposuere,

    Verg. G. 4, 189:

    defessa membra,

    id. ib. 4, 438:

    si bene conpositus somno vinoque jacebit,

    Ov. Am. 1, 4, 53.—
    5.
    To end strife, confusion, etc., to compose, pacify, allay, settle, calm, appease, quiet, tranquillize, reconcile, etc., that which is disturbed or at variance.
    a.
    With personal object:

    aversos amicos,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:

    ceteros clementia,

    Tac. A. 12, 55:

    comitia praetorum,

    id. ib. 14, 28; id. H. 1, 85:

    juvenes concitatos,

    Quint. 1, 10, 32; cf.:

    barbarum animos,

    Tac. A. 14, 39:

    gentem,

    Sil. 17, 356.—Esp. of the mind:

    prima (pars philosophiae) conponit animum,

    Sen. Ep. 89, 9:

    argumentum conpositae mentis,

    id. ib. 2, 1; Cels. 3, 18; Sil. 11, 352:

    mentem somno,

    id. 3, 162:

    religio saevas componit mentis,

    id. 13, 317.—
    b.
    Of places, countries, etc.:

    C. Caesar componendae Armeniae deligitur,

    Tac. A. 2, 4:

    Campaniam,

    id. H. 4, 3:

    Daciam,

    id. ib. 3, 53.—
    c.
    With abstr. or indef. objects:

    si possum hoc inter vos conponere,

    Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 23; cf.:

    vides, inter nos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componamus gratia quam cum mala?

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17:

    gaudens conponi foedere bellum,

    Verg. A. 12, 109; so,

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 97, 2; Nep. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Vell. 2, 25, 1; Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:

    bella,

    Tac. A. 3, 56:

    cum vellet pro communi amico controversias regum componere,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 109:

    uti per colloquia omnes controversiae componantur,

    id. ib. 1, 9 fin.:

    curas,

    Verg. A. 4, 341; Sil. 12, 682:

    lites,

    Verg. E. 3, 108:

    seditionem civilem,

    Suet. Caes. 4:

    statum Orientis,

    id. Calig. 1:

    Romanus Ardeae turbatas seditione res... composuit,

    Liv. 4, 10, 6; 3, 53, 1:

    legatorum res et bello turbatas,

    id. 45, 16, 2:

    res Germanicas,

    Suet. Vit. 9:

    discordias,

    Tac. H. 4, 50:

    compositis praesentibus,

    id. A. 1, 45:

    odia et certamina,

    id. ib. 15, 2.—Less freq. transf., with the result as object:

    pacem componi volo Meo patri cum matre,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 113:

    si pax cum Carthaginiensibus componi nequisset,

    Liv. 30, 40, 13:

    at me conposita pace fefellit Amor,

    Prop. 2, 2, 2:

    pax circa Brundusium composita,

    Vell. 2, 75, 3:

    pacem cum Pyrrho,

    Just. 18, 2, 6; cf. D. 2. infra.—
    d.
    Absol.:

    coheredes mei conponere et transigere cupiebant,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 1, 7; and so impers. pass.:

    posteaquam id quod maxime volui fieri non potuit, ut componeretur,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:

    Pompei summam esse... voluntatem, ut componeretur atque ab armis discederetur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 16.—
    C. 1.
    In gen., to arrange, adjust, order, set in order:

    aulaeis se superbis Aurea sponda, of one's attitude on a couch,

    Verg. A. 1, 697:

    ad ictum militaris gladii conposita cervice,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 26, 2:

    diductis aedificia angulis vidimus moveri iterumque conponi,

    id. Q. N. 6, 30, 4:

    si ad rem pertinet, quomodo caelo adfecto conpositisque sideribus quodque animal oriatur,

    Cic. Div. 2, 47, 98:

    tibi enim gratias agebat, quod signa componenda suscepisses,

    id. Att. 4, 9, 1.—
    2.
    Esp., milit. t. t.:

    se ad confligendum, Sisenn. ap. Non p. 257, 13: exercitum in hibernaculis, Sali J. 103, 1: in secunda (acie) cohortis, id. H. inc. Fragm. 44 Dietsch: stabant conpositi suis quisque ordinibus (opp. incompositi),

    Liv. 44, 38, 11:

    conpositi numero in turmas,

    Verg. A. 11, 599:

    cunctos licentia vagos compositus invadit = compositis ordinibus,

    Tac. H. 4, 35:

    agmen,

    id. ib. 2, 89; 5, 1; id. A. 12, 16:

    ordines,

    id. H. 4, 33:

    vagos paventesque Vitellianos, sua quemque apud signa, componunt,

    id. ib. 3, 35:

    pugnae exercitum,

    id. A. 13, 40:

    auxilia in numerum legionis,

    id. ib. 2, 80 Nipp. ad loc.:

    equitem per turmas,

    id. ib. 15, 29:

    insidias in montibus,

    Just. 1, 3, 11.—
    3.
    Of the order of words in language: quam lepide lexeis compostae! ut tesserulae omnes Arte pavimento atque emblemate vermiculato, Lucil. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 43, 171; id. ap. Cic. Or. 44, 149; cf. id. ib. sq.:

    ut aptior sit oratio, ipsa verba compone,

    id. Brut. 17, 68.—
    4.
    With reference to orderly appearance, etc., of the clothing, hair; the expression of the countenance, etc., to lay, smooth, adjust:

    suon quisque loco'st? Vide capillum, satin compositu'st commode?

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 97:

    composito et delibuto capillo,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 135:

    comas,

    Ov. R. Am. 679:

    crines,

    Verg. G. 4, 417:

    ne turbarentur comae, quas componi, etc.,

    Quint. 11, 3, 148:

    togam,

    to lay in proper folds, Hor. S. 2, 3, 77; Quint. 11, 3, 156; cf.:

    nec tamen ante adiit... Quam se composuit, quam circumspexit amictus,

    Ov. M. 4, 318:

    pulvinum facili manu,

    id. A. A. 1, 160; cf.

    torum,

    id. F. 3, 484:

    jam libet componere voltus,

    id. M. 13, 767:

    vultu composito, ne laeti excessu principis, etc.,

    Tac. A. 1, 7; Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 5; cf.:

    (Tiberius) compositus ore,

    id. ib. 2, 34:

    vultum natura horridum... efferabat, componens ad speculum in omnem terrorem,

    distorting, Suet. Calig. 50.—
    5.
    In gen., to adjust, arrange, regulate, for the expression of something, or to accord with something; usu. ad aliquid:

    ad abstinentiam rursus, non secus ac modo ad balineum animum vultumque conposui,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 1, 6:

    orationis ipsius vultus ad id, quod efficere intendimus, compositus,

    Quint. 9, 1, 21:

    utraque manu ad modum aliquid portantium composita,

    id. 11, 3, 120:

    ge. stum oratoris ad similitudinem saltationis,

    id. 1, 11, 19:

    figuram ad imitationem alterius scripturae,

    id. 9, 2, 34:

    nec ad votum composita civitas,

    Tac. Or. 41:

    cuncta ad decorem inperi conposita,

    id. H. 1, 71:

    cunctis ad tristitiam conpositis,

    id. A. 3, 1. —Less freq. with dat.:

    voltus conponere famae Taedet,

    to adapt, Tib. 4, 7, 9:

    venturis carbasa ventis,

    Luc. 3, 596:

    me quoque mittendis rectum componite telis,

    id. 3, 717. —With in:

    Nero itinera urbis... veste servili in dissimulationem sui compositus pererrabat,

    disguised, made up, Tac. A. 13, 25. —
    D. (α).
    With acc.:

    ego itinera sic composueram, ut Nonis Quinctilibus Puteolis essem,

    Cic. Att. 15, 26, 3:

    quod adest memento Componere aequus,

    Hor. C. 3, 29, 33:

    conposita atque constituta re publica,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 18, 42:

    necdum compositis maturisve satis consiliis,

    Liv. 4, 13, 5:

    (diem) totum in consideranda causa componendaque posuisse,

    Cic. Brut. 22, 87:

    tempus in cognoscendis componendisque causis consumere,

    id. Or. 42, 143:

    ex sententia omnibus rebus paratis conpositisque,

    Sall. J. 43, 5; 94, 1:

    in senatu cuncta longis aliorum principatibus composita statim decernuntur,

    Tac. H. 2, 55:

    dum quae forent firmando Neronis imperio componuntur,

    id. A. 12, 68.—
    (β).
    With ad or in and acc. of the purpose for which, or the example according to which, etc.:

    cum alteri placeat auspicia ista ad utilitatem esse rei publicae conposita,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 32:

    omnia ad voluptatem multitudinis inperitae,

    Quint. 10, 1, 43:

    animum ad omnes casus,

    id. 12, 9, 20; Val. Fl. 1, 321:

    satis igitur in hoc nos componet multa scribendi exercitatio,

    Quint. 9, 4, 114:

    cultum victumque non ad nova exempla conponere, sed ut majorum mores suadent,

    Sen. Tranq. 9, 2. —
    2. (α).
    In gen.: eum allegaverunt, suom qui servom diceret Cum auro esse apud me: conposita est fallacia, [p. 393] Ut, etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 29:

    quin jam virginem Despondi: res composita'st,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 17:

    ita causa componitur, ut item palaestritae Bidini peterent ab Epicrate hereditatem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 22, § 54:

    societatem praedarum cum latronibus conposuisse,

    Sall. H. 4, 11 Dietsch:

    crimen ab inimicis Romae conpositum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 61, § 141:

    conpositis inter se rebus,

    Sall. J. 66, 2:

    ita conposito dolo digrediuntur,

    id. ib. 111, 4:

    conposito jam consilio,

    Liv. 3, 53, 3: ceteri proditores ea quae composita erant exspectabant;

    convenerat autem, etc.,

    id. 25, 9, 8:

    sub noctem susurri Composita repetantur hora,

    Hor. C. 1, 9, 20:

    ictum jam foedus, et omnes Conpositae leges,

    Verg. A. 12, 315:

    compositis notis,

    Tib. 1, 2, 22:

    crimen ac dolum ultro,

    Tac. H. 1, 34:

    proditionem,

    id. ib. 2, 100:

    seditionem,

    id. ib. 4, 14:

    insidias,

    id. ib. 5, 22; id. A. 12, 54; 13, 47: pacem componere, v. B. 5. supra.—
    (β).
    With rel.-clause:

    cum summa concordia, quos dimitterent, quos retinerent, composuerunt,

    Liv. 40, 40, 14.—
    (γ).
    With inf.:

    ii, secretis conloquiis conponunt Gallos concire,

    Tac. A. 3, 40.—
    (δ).
    Pass. impers.:

    ut domi compositum cum Marcio erat,

    Liv. 2, 37, 1.—
    (ε).
    With ut and subj.:

    compositum inter ipsos ut Latiaris strueret dolum,

    Tac. A. 4, 68; cf. P. a. subst.
    3.
    In gen., to feign, invent, devise, contrive, in order to deceive or delude, etc.: composita dicta, Att. ap. Non. p. 260, 22 (Trag. Rel. v. 47 Rib.):

    ne tu istic hodie malo tuo conpositis mendaciis Advenisti,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 211:

    nec bene mendaci risus conponitur ore,

    Tib. 3, 6, 35 (3, 7, 3):

    sed vobis facile'st verba et conponere fraudes,

    Prop. 2, 9, 31:

    insidias in me conponis inanes,

    id. 2, 32 (3, 30), 19:

    compositas insidias fatoque evitatas ementitur,

    Tac. A. 13, 47:

    si haec fabulosa et composita videntur,

    id. Or. 12; id. Agr. 40:

    quae ut augendae famae composita, sic reliqua non in obscuro habentur,

    id. A. 15, 16; cf.:

    vetustatem, ut cetera, in majus conponentem altores Jovis celebravisse,

    exaggerating, Sall. H. 3, 60 Dietsch.— Part. perf. with in and acc., pretending, assuming the appearance or expression:

    (Domitianus) paratus simulatione, in adrogantiam compositus audiit preces,

    Tac. Agr. 42:

    is in maestitiam compositus,

    id. H. 2, 9; 1, 54:

    in securitatem,

    id. A. 3, 44.—Rarely with ad:

    tunc compositus ad maestitiam,

    Tac. A. 13, 20.— Hence, P. a.: compŏsĭtus ( - postus), a, um.
    A.
    Well-arranged, ordered, or constituted, orderly, regular:

    quae (injuria) dum foris sunt, nil videtur mundius, Nec magis compositum quicquam nec magis elegans,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 13: admiratus sum... sunchusin litterularum, quae solent tuae compositissimae et clarissimae esse, Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1:

    acrior impetu atque animis quam compositior ullo ordine pugna fuit,

    Liv. 28, 22, 13:

    intellegitur, etiamsi non adjecero, conpositum ordinatumque fore talem virum,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 8, 3:

    composita et quieta et beata respublica,

    Tac. Or. 36. —Of writings:

    quare in his quoque libris erant eadem aliqua... omnia vero compositiora et elaborata,

    Quint. 1, pr. § 8; cf.:

    illa quae curam fatentur et ficta atque composita videri etiam volunt,

    elaborate, id. 8, pr. § 23.— Transf., of the orator himself:

    si aut compositi oratoris bene structam collocationem dissolvas permutatione verborum,

    Cic. Or. 70, 232.—
    B.
    Fitly disposed for any purpose, prepared, apt, fit, adapted, qualified, suitable, ready:

    perficiam ut nemo umquam paratior, vigilantior, compositior ad judicium venisse videatur,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 1, 11; so,

    equus bene natura compositus,

    Auct. Her. 4, 46, 59.— With ad or in and acc., or with dat.:

    arte quadam ab juventa in ostentationem (virtutum) compositus,

    Liv. 26, 19, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    alius historiae magis idoneus, alius compositus ad carmen,

    Quint. 2, 8, 7:

    aeque in adulationem compositus (sacerdos),

    Curt. 4, 7, 26:

    (Attici) non maxime ad risum compositi,

    Quint. 6, 3, 18:

    natura atque arte compositus alliciendis etiam Muciani moribus,

    Tac. H. 2, 5.—
    C.
    Quiet, peaceful, undisturbed, calm, composed, unimpassioned, etc.:

    ut peractis quae agenda fuerint salvo jam et composito die possis ibi manere,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 2:

    lenis et nitidi et compositi generis amatores,

    Quint. 10, 1, 44:

    actio,

    id. 11, 3, 110:

    aetas,

    mature, sedate, Tac. A. 13, 1: adfectus mites atque compositi, Quint. 6, 2, 9:

    supercilium (opp. erectum),

    id. 11, 3, 74:

    repetitio eorum (civium) labefactabat compositam civitatem,

    Flor. 3, 23, 3.—
    D.
    Compound, composite, made up of parts (opp. simplex):

    verba,

    Quint. 1, 5, 3; 1, 6, 38; 7, 9, 5:

    voces,

    id. 1, 5, 65; cf. id. 1, 5, 9; 2, 12, 3.—Hence, subst.: compŏsĭtum ( conp-), i, n., that which is agreed, an agreement, compact, etc.; only abl. in the phrases,
    (α).
    Ex composito, according to agreement, by agreement, in concert, Sall. H. 2, 12 Dietsch:

    tum ex composito orta vis,

    Liv. 1, 9, 10; 5, 14, 2; 36, 25, 1; 40, 48, 4; Suet. Claud. 37; Tac. H. 4, 66.—
    (β).
    De composito, by agreement, App. Mag. 1, p. 273; and,
    (γ).
    More rarely in the same sense, composito alone, Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 29; Nep. Dat. 6, 6; Verg. A. 2, 129.—Hence also adv.: compŏsĭtē ( conp-), in an orderly, regular, or skilful manner, orderly, regularly, properly (class. but rare;

    not in Quint.): ambulare,

    Col. 6, 2, 5:

    indutus,

    Gell. 1, 5, 2:

    composite et apte dicere,

    Cic. Or. 71, 236:

    composite, ornate, copiose eloqui,

    id. De Or. 1, 11, 48:

    composite atque magnifice casum reipublicae miserati,

    Sall. C. 51, 9:

    bene et composite disseruit,

    id. Ib. 52.— Comp.:

    compositius cuncta quam festinantius agerent,

    Tac. A. 15, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conposite

  • 15 conpositum

    com-pōno ( conp-), posui (COMPOSEIVERVNT, C. I. L. 1, 199, 2), positum (compostus, Plaut. Mil. 4, 7, 21 Lorenz; Verg. A. 1, 249; Lucil. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 43, 171; Varr ap. Sen. Ep. 56, 6), 3, v. a., to put, place, lay, bring or set together, to unite, join, connect, collect, aggregate, compose, to order, arrange, adjust, etc. (class. and very freq.).
    I.
    In gen., of different objects.
    A. 1.
    Of things in gen.:

    aridum lignum,

    Hor. C. 3, 17, 14:

    composita fronde,

    Prop. 1, 20, 22:

    uvas in tecto in cratibus,

    Cato, R. R. 112, 2:

    in quo (loco) erant ea conposita, quibus rex te numerare constituerat,

    Cic. Deiot. 6, 17:

    (amomum) manipulatim leniter componitur,

    Plin. 12, 13, 28, § 48:

    amphoras in culleum,

    Cato, R. R. 113, 2:

    ligna in caminum,

    id. ib. 37, 5.—
    b.
    To bring into contact, fit together, join:

    quid... in operibus manu factis tam compositum tamque compactum et coagmentatum inveniri potest?

    Cic. Fin. 3, 22, 74: cum poclo bibo eodem, amplector, labra labellis conpono, Lucil. ap. Non. p. 260, 28:

    tum latus conponit lateri et cum pectore pectus,

    id. ib. p. 260, 30:

    conponens manibusque manus atque ori bus ora,

    Verg. A. 8, 486:

    Mercurio Sais fertur Virgineum conposuisse latus,

    Prop. 2, 2, 12; cf.

    caput,

    Tib. 1, 5, 8.—Hence, of broken limbs, etc., med. t. t., to set:

    ossa,

    Cels. 8, 10, 2:

    jugulum,

    id. 8, 8, 8 et saep.—
    c.
    Esp., to pack up for a journey, etc.:

    omnia composta sunt quae donavi,

    Plaut. Mil. 4, 7, 21:

    i ergo intro et compone quae tecum simul Ferantur,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 3, 5:

    dum tota domus raeda componitur una,

    Juv. 3, 10.—
    2.
    Of persons:

    is (Saturnus) genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis Composuit,

    Verg. A. 8, 322:

    et tabula una duos poterit componere amantes,

    Prop. 2, 26, 33 (3, 22, 13); cf. II. C. 5. infra.—
    B.
    To set in opposition.
    1.
    To bring together in hostility, to oppose, to couple, pair, match in combat (cf. compositio, III.); esp. of gladiators, etc.: Samnis, spurcus homo, cum Pacideiano conponitur, optimus multo Post homines natos gladiator qui fuit unus, Lucil. Sat. ap. Non. p. 257, 18; cf. Cic. Opt. Gen. 6, 17:

    Rupili et Persi par pugnat, uti non Compositum melius cum Bitho Bacchius,

    Hor. S. 1, 7, 20 Orell. ad loc.:

    staturam habere Threcis cum Threce conpositi,

    Sen. Q. N. 4, praef. 8;

    and in gen.: si quis casus duos inter se bonos viros composuerit,

    Quint. 2, 17, 34:

    cuive virum mallem memet componere,

    Sil. 10, 70:

    componimur Vecordi Decio,

    id. 11, 212:

    hunc fatis,

    id. 1, 39:

    cum ventis, pelagique furentibus undis Composuit mortale genus,

    Luc. 3, 196;

    and fig.: pergis pugnantia secum Frontibus adversis componere,

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 103:

    ecce par deo dignum, vir fortis cum fortuna mala conpositus,

    Sen. Prov. 1, 2, 9:

    non illa (rhetorice) secum ipsa componitur,

    Quint. 2, 17, 33;

    and of a judicial contest: accita Epicharis et cum indice composita,

    confronted, Tac. A. 15, 51; 16, 10.—
    2.
    To oppose by way of comparison, to compare, contrast.
    (α).
    With acc. and dat.: quid est, cur componere ausis mihi te aut me tibi? Att. ap. Non. p. 257, 15 (Trag. Rel. v. 147 Rib.):

    nec divis homines componier aequom'st,

    Cat. 68, 141: composita dicta evolvunt, Quae cum componas, dicta factis discrepant, Att. ap. Non. p. 260, 21 (Trag. Rel. v. 48 Rib.):

    si parva licet conponere magnis,

    Verg. G. 4, 176:

    parvis conponere magna solebam,

    id. E. 1, 23; Ov. M. 5, [p. 392] 416:

    audes cladi componere nostrae, Nympha, tuam?

    id. ib. 15, 530:

    divinis humana,

    Aus. Ecl. 1, 10.—
    (β).
    With acc. and cum:

    ubi Metelli dicta cum factis conposuit,

    Sall. J. 48, 1: causam suam cum causa adversarii. Quint. 7, 2, 22.
    II.
    In partic.
    A.
    Of the parts of a whole, or of a whole as made up of parts.
    1. (α).
    With ex:

    exercitus ejus conpositus ex variis gentibus,

    Sall. J. 18, 3:

    genus humanum ex corpore et anima conpositum,

    id. ib. 2, 1:

    liber ex alienis orationibus compositus,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 47:

    antidoton... ex multis atque interim contrariis quoque inter se effectibus,

    Quint. 1, 10, 6:

    ex quo (umore) componi debet (medicamentum),

    Cels. 6, 7, 1 fin.
    (β).
    With abl.:

    mensam gramine,

    Sil. 15, 51.—
    (γ).
    With acc. alone:

    medicamentum,

    Col. 6, 4, 1; Scrib. Comp. 10.—
    2.
    Esp., of buildings, etc., to construct, build:

    qui cuncta conposuit,

    i. e. the Creator, Cic. Univ. 13:

    urbem,

    Verg. A. 3, 387:

    illa (templa) deis,

    Ov. F. 1, 708 Burm. ad loc.:

    aggere conposito tumuli,

    Verg. A. 7, 6:

    deletas Thebas,

    Prop. 2, 6, 5.—
    3.
    Of words, to compound:

    vitilitigatores ex vitiis et litigatoribus, Plin. praef. § 32: verba composita (opp. simplicia),

    Quint. 1, 5, 3.—
    4.
    Of writings, speeches, etc.
    a.
    To compose, write, construct (very freq.):

    leges,

    Lucr. 4, 966:

    compone hoc, quod postulo, de argento: de reliquo videro,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 16, § 36:

    quartum librum,

    id. de Or. 2, 55, 224:

    libros,

    id. Fam. 16, 20; Plin. Ep. 9, 9, 1:

    libellos,

    Quint. 12, 8, 5:

    actiones,

    Cic. Att. 6, 1, 8; Quint. 11, 3, 68:

    argumentum,

    Cic. Att. 15, 4, 3:

    edictum eis verbis,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 116:

    edictum eorum arbitratu,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 46, §

    119: artes,

    books of instruction, id. Brut. 12, 48; id. Ac. 2, 13, 40:

    artificium,

    id. de Or. 2, 19, 83:

    commentarium consulatus mei,

    id. Att. 1, 19, 10; Quint. 1, 8, 19:

    quarum (litterarum) exemplum,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 20, 53:

    quandam disciplinae formulam,

    id. Ac. 1, 4, 17:

    stipulationum et judiciorum formulas,

    id. Leg. 1, 4, 14:

    interdictum,

    id. Caecin. 21, 59:

    poema,

    id. ad Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4; cf. Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 77; Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 60:

    senatus consultum,

    Cic. Fam. 10, 22, 2:

    testimonium,

    id. Att. 15, 15, 1:

    verba ad religionem deorum immortalium,

    id. Dom. 47, 124:

    de judicialibus causis aliqua,

    Quint. 3, 6, 104:

    aliquid de ratione dicendi, id. prooem. 1: quae de ortu vitaque Scapulae composita erant,

    Tac. A. 16, 14:

    Apion... inmortalitate donari a se scripsit ad quos aliqua conponebat, Plin. praef. § 25: carmen,

    Cic. Mur. 12, 26:

    carmina,

    Tac. Or. 12; id. A. 3, 49:

    epistulas,

    id. ib. 2, 70:

    litteras nomine Marcelli,

    Liv. 27, 28, 4; Tac. A. 11, 20:

    orationem habere ad conciliandos plebis animos conpositam,

    Liv. 1, 35, 2:

    blanditias tremula voce,

    Tib. 1, 2, 91:

    meditata manu verba trementi,

    Ov. M. 9, 521:

    versus,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 8:

    mollem versum,

    Prop. 1, 7, 19:

    cantus,

    Tib. 1, 2, 53:

    in morem annalium,

    Tac. Or. 22:

    orationes adversus aliquem,

    id. ib. 37:

    litteras ad aliquem,

    id. A. 15, 8; 14, 22:

    probra in Gaium,

    id. ib. 6, 9;

    14, 50: multa et atrocia in Macronem,

    id. ib. 6, 44 (38) et saep.—
    b.
    Transf., of the subjects, etc., treated, to write about, treat, celebrate:

    tuas laudes,

    Tib. 4, 1, 35:

    res gestas,

    Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 251:

    tempora Iliaca,

    Vell. 1, 3, 2:

    bellum Troicum,

    id. 1, 5, 3:

    Juli Africani vitam componendo, spem hominibus fecisti plurium ejus modi librorum,

    Tac. Or. 14:

    veteres populi Romani res,

    id. A. 4, 32:

    Neronis res,

    id. ib. 1, 1; 11, 11.—
    B.
    From the notion of closing.
    1.
    To put away, put aside, put in place:

    armamentis conplicandis, conponendis studuimus,

    i. e. folding up the sails and lowering the masts, Plaut. Merc. 1, 2, 80:

    (tempus) ad componenda armamenta expediendumque remigem,

    Liv. 26, 39, 8:

    vela contrahit malosque inclinat et simul armamenta componens, etc.,

    id. 36, 44, 2:

    arma,

    Hor. C. 4, 14, 52:

    tristes istos conpone libellos,

    put aside, Prop. 1, 9, 13.—
    2.
    To store up, put away, collect:

    nec... Aut conponere opes norant aut parcere parto,

    Verg. A. 8, 317:

    ego conposito securus acervo Despiciam dites,

    Tib. 1, 1, 77;

    so fig.: condo et compono quae mox depromere possim,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 12.— So esp. to preserve, pack, put up fruits, meat, etc., for future use:

    pernas,

    Cato, R. R. 162, 12:

    tergora (suis),

    Col. 12, 55, 2: siccatos coliculos, id. 12, 9, 1:

    caepam in fidelia,

    id. 12, 10, 2:

    herbas,

    id. 12, 13, 2:

    poma,

    id. 12, 47, 5:

    olivas,

    Pall. Nov. 22, 5:

    herbam olla nova,

    Scrib. Comp. 60:

    faenum,

    Dig. 19, 2, 11, § 4:

    fructus in urceis, capsellis,

    ib. 33, 7, 12, §1.—
    3.
    Of the ashes or remains of the dead, to adjust, lay out, to collect and inurn, inter, bury:

    tu mea conpones et dices, ossa, Properti, Haec tua sunt,

    Prop. 2, 24, 35 (3, 19, 19):

    cinerem,

    Ov. F. 3, 547:

    cinerem ossaque,

    Val. Fl. 7, 203:

    sic ego conponi versus in ossa velim,

    Tib. 3, 2, 26.—Hence, in gen., of persons, to bury:

    quem... prope cognatos conpositum cineres,

    Cat. 68, 98:

    omnes composui (meos),

    Hor. S. 1, 9, 28:

    compositi busta avi,

    Ov. F. 5, 426:

    Pisonem Verania uxor... T. Vinium Crispina filia composuere,

    Tac. H. 1, 47:

    componi tumulo eodem,

    Ov. M. 4, 157:

    toro Mortua componar,

    id. ib. 9, 504:

    alto Conpositus lecto,

    Pers. 3, 104:

    aliquem terra,

    Sil. 9, 95.—
    4. a.
    Of things: omnia noctis erant placida composta quiete, Varr. Atac. ap. Sen. Contr. 3, 16:

    cum mare compositum est,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 259:

    aquas,

    id. H. 13, 136:

    fessum tumentes Composuit pelagus ventis patientibus undas,

    Luc. 5, 702.—
    b.
    Of persons:

    nec vigilantibus, sed etiam quiete compositis,

    Quint. 11, 2, 5:

    ubi jam thalamis se conposuere,

    Verg. G. 4, 189:

    defessa membra,

    id. ib. 4, 438:

    si bene conpositus somno vinoque jacebit,

    Ov. Am. 1, 4, 53.—
    5.
    To end strife, confusion, etc., to compose, pacify, allay, settle, calm, appease, quiet, tranquillize, reconcile, etc., that which is disturbed or at variance.
    a.
    With personal object:

    aversos amicos,

    Hor. S. 1, 5, 29:

    ceteros clementia,

    Tac. A. 12, 55:

    comitia praetorum,

    id. ib. 14, 28; id. H. 1, 85:

    juvenes concitatos,

    Quint. 1, 10, 32; cf.:

    barbarum animos,

    Tac. A. 14, 39:

    gentem,

    Sil. 17, 356.—Esp. of the mind:

    prima (pars philosophiae) conponit animum,

    Sen. Ep. 89, 9:

    argumentum conpositae mentis,

    id. ib. 2, 1; Cels. 3, 18; Sil. 11, 352:

    mentem somno,

    id. 3, 162:

    religio saevas componit mentis,

    id. 13, 317.—
    b.
    Of places, countries, etc.:

    C. Caesar componendae Armeniae deligitur,

    Tac. A. 2, 4:

    Campaniam,

    id. H. 4, 3:

    Daciam,

    id. ib. 3, 53.—
    c.
    With abstr. or indef. objects:

    si possum hoc inter vos conponere,

    Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 23; cf.:

    vides, inter nos sic haec potius cum bona Ut componamus gratia quam cum mala?

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 17:

    gaudens conponi foedere bellum,

    Verg. A. 12, 109; so,

    bellum,

    Sall. J. 97, 2; Nep. Hann. 6, 2; id. Alcib. 8, 3; Vell. 2, 25, 1; Asin. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 33, 3:

    bella,

    Tac. A. 3, 56:

    cum vellet pro communi amico controversias regum componere,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 109:

    uti per colloquia omnes controversiae componantur,

    id. ib. 1, 9 fin.:

    curas,

    Verg. A. 4, 341; Sil. 12, 682:

    lites,

    Verg. E. 3, 108:

    seditionem civilem,

    Suet. Caes. 4:

    statum Orientis,

    id. Calig. 1:

    Romanus Ardeae turbatas seditione res... composuit,

    Liv. 4, 10, 6; 3, 53, 1:

    legatorum res et bello turbatas,

    id. 45, 16, 2:

    res Germanicas,

    Suet. Vit. 9:

    discordias,

    Tac. H. 4, 50:

    compositis praesentibus,

    id. A. 1, 45:

    odia et certamina,

    id. ib. 15, 2.—Less freq. transf., with the result as object:

    pacem componi volo Meo patri cum matre,

    Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 113:

    si pax cum Carthaginiensibus componi nequisset,

    Liv. 30, 40, 13:

    at me conposita pace fefellit Amor,

    Prop. 2, 2, 2:

    pax circa Brundusium composita,

    Vell. 2, 75, 3:

    pacem cum Pyrrho,

    Just. 18, 2, 6; cf. D. 2. infra.—
    d.
    Absol.:

    coheredes mei conponere et transigere cupiebant,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 1, 7; and so impers. pass.:

    posteaquam id quod maxime volui fieri non potuit, ut componeretur,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 136:

    Pompei summam esse... voluntatem, ut componeretur atque ab armis discederetur,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 16.—
    C. 1.
    In gen., to arrange, adjust, order, set in order:

    aulaeis se superbis Aurea sponda, of one's attitude on a couch,

    Verg. A. 1, 697:

    ad ictum militaris gladii conposita cervice,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 26, 2:

    diductis aedificia angulis vidimus moveri iterumque conponi,

    id. Q. N. 6, 30, 4:

    si ad rem pertinet, quomodo caelo adfecto conpositisque sideribus quodque animal oriatur,

    Cic. Div. 2, 47, 98:

    tibi enim gratias agebat, quod signa componenda suscepisses,

    id. Att. 4, 9, 1.—
    2.
    Esp., milit. t. t.:

    se ad confligendum, Sisenn. ap. Non p. 257, 13: exercitum in hibernaculis, Sali J. 103, 1: in secunda (acie) cohortis, id. H. inc. Fragm. 44 Dietsch: stabant conpositi suis quisque ordinibus (opp. incompositi),

    Liv. 44, 38, 11:

    conpositi numero in turmas,

    Verg. A. 11, 599:

    cunctos licentia vagos compositus invadit = compositis ordinibus,

    Tac. H. 4, 35:

    agmen,

    id. ib. 2, 89; 5, 1; id. A. 12, 16:

    ordines,

    id. H. 4, 33:

    vagos paventesque Vitellianos, sua quemque apud signa, componunt,

    id. ib. 3, 35:

    pugnae exercitum,

    id. A. 13, 40:

    auxilia in numerum legionis,

    id. ib. 2, 80 Nipp. ad loc.:

    equitem per turmas,

    id. ib. 15, 29:

    insidias in montibus,

    Just. 1, 3, 11.—
    3.
    Of the order of words in language: quam lepide lexeis compostae! ut tesserulae omnes Arte pavimento atque emblemate vermiculato, Lucil. ap. Cic. de Or. 3, 43, 171; id. ap. Cic. Or. 44, 149; cf. id. ib. sq.:

    ut aptior sit oratio, ipsa verba compone,

    id. Brut. 17, 68.—
    4.
    With reference to orderly appearance, etc., of the clothing, hair; the expression of the countenance, etc., to lay, smooth, adjust:

    suon quisque loco'st? Vide capillum, satin compositu'st commode?

    Plaut. Most. 1, 3, 97:

    composito et delibuto capillo,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 46, 135:

    comas,

    Ov. R. Am. 679:

    crines,

    Verg. G. 4, 417:

    ne turbarentur comae, quas componi, etc.,

    Quint. 11, 3, 148:

    togam,

    to lay in proper folds, Hor. S. 2, 3, 77; Quint. 11, 3, 156; cf.:

    nec tamen ante adiit... Quam se composuit, quam circumspexit amictus,

    Ov. M. 4, 318:

    pulvinum facili manu,

    id. A. A. 1, 160; cf.

    torum,

    id. F. 3, 484:

    jam libet componere voltus,

    id. M. 13, 767:

    vultu composito, ne laeti excessu principis, etc.,

    Tac. A. 1, 7; Plin. Ep. 3, 16, 5; cf.:

    (Tiberius) compositus ore,

    id. ib. 2, 34:

    vultum natura horridum... efferabat, componens ad speculum in omnem terrorem,

    distorting, Suet. Calig. 50.—
    5.
    In gen., to adjust, arrange, regulate, for the expression of something, or to accord with something; usu. ad aliquid:

    ad abstinentiam rursus, non secus ac modo ad balineum animum vultumque conposui,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 1, 6:

    orationis ipsius vultus ad id, quod efficere intendimus, compositus,

    Quint. 9, 1, 21:

    utraque manu ad modum aliquid portantium composita,

    id. 11, 3, 120:

    ge. stum oratoris ad similitudinem saltationis,

    id. 1, 11, 19:

    figuram ad imitationem alterius scripturae,

    id. 9, 2, 34:

    nec ad votum composita civitas,

    Tac. Or. 41:

    cuncta ad decorem inperi conposita,

    id. H. 1, 71:

    cunctis ad tristitiam conpositis,

    id. A. 3, 1. —Less freq. with dat.:

    voltus conponere famae Taedet,

    to adapt, Tib. 4, 7, 9:

    venturis carbasa ventis,

    Luc. 3, 596:

    me quoque mittendis rectum componite telis,

    id. 3, 717. —With in:

    Nero itinera urbis... veste servili in dissimulationem sui compositus pererrabat,

    disguised, made up, Tac. A. 13, 25. —
    D. (α).
    With acc.:

    ego itinera sic composueram, ut Nonis Quinctilibus Puteolis essem,

    Cic. Att. 15, 26, 3:

    quod adest memento Componere aequus,

    Hor. C. 3, 29, 33:

    conposita atque constituta re publica,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 18, 42:

    necdum compositis maturisve satis consiliis,

    Liv. 4, 13, 5:

    (diem) totum in consideranda causa componendaque posuisse,

    Cic. Brut. 22, 87:

    tempus in cognoscendis componendisque causis consumere,

    id. Or. 42, 143:

    ex sententia omnibus rebus paratis conpositisque,

    Sall. J. 43, 5; 94, 1:

    in senatu cuncta longis aliorum principatibus composita statim decernuntur,

    Tac. H. 2, 55:

    dum quae forent firmando Neronis imperio componuntur,

    id. A. 12, 68.—
    (β).
    With ad or in and acc. of the purpose for which, or the example according to which, etc.:

    cum alteri placeat auspicia ista ad utilitatem esse rei publicae conposita,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 13, 32:

    omnia ad voluptatem multitudinis inperitae,

    Quint. 10, 1, 43:

    animum ad omnes casus,

    id. 12, 9, 20; Val. Fl. 1, 321:

    satis igitur in hoc nos componet multa scribendi exercitatio,

    Quint. 9, 4, 114:

    cultum victumque non ad nova exempla conponere, sed ut majorum mores suadent,

    Sen. Tranq. 9, 2. —
    2. (α).
    In gen.: eum allegaverunt, suom qui servom diceret Cum auro esse apud me: conposita est fallacia, [p. 393] Ut, etc., Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 29:

    quin jam virginem Despondi: res composita'st,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 17:

    ita causa componitur, ut item palaestritae Bidini peterent ab Epicrate hereditatem,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 22, § 54:

    societatem praedarum cum latronibus conposuisse,

    Sall. H. 4, 11 Dietsch:

    crimen ab inimicis Romae conpositum,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 61, § 141:

    conpositis inter se rebus,

    Sall. J. 66, 2:

    ita conposito dolo digrediuntur,

    id. ib. 111, 4:

    conposito jam consilio,

    Liv. 3, 53, 3: ceteri proditores ea quae composita erant exspectabant;

    convenerat autem, etc.,

    id. 25, 9, 8:

    sub noctem susurri Composita repetantur hora,

    Hor. C. 1, 9, 20:

    ictum jam foedus, et omnes Conpositae leges,

    Verg. A. 12, 315:

    compositis notis,

    Tib. 1, 2, 22:

    crimen ac dolum ultro,

    Tac. H. 1, 34:

    proditionem,

    id. ib. 2, 100:

    seditionem,

    id. ib. 4, 14:

    insidias,

    id. ib. 5, 22; id. A. 12, 54; 13, 47: pacem componere, v. B. 5. supra.—
    (β).
    With rel.-clause:

    cum summa concordia, quos dimitterent, quos retinerent, composuerunt,

    Liv. 40, 40, 14.—
    (γ).
    With inf.:

    ii, secretis conloquiis conponunt Gallos concire,

    Tac. A. 3, 40.—
    (δ).
    Pass. impers.:

    ut domi compositum cum Marcio erat,

    Liv. 2, 37, 1.—
    (ε).
    With ut and subj.:

    compositum inter ipsos ut Latiaris strueret dolum,

    Tac. A. 4, 68; cf. P. a. subst.
    3.
    In gen., to feign, invent, devise, contrive, in order to deceive or delude, etc.: composita dicta, Att. ap. Non. p. 260, 22 (Trag. Rel. v. 47 Rib.):

    ne tu istic hodie malo tuo conpositis mendaciis Advenisti,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 211:

    nec bene mendaci risus conponitur ore,

    Tib. 3, 6, 35 (3, 7, 3):

    sed vobis facile'st verba et conponere fraudes,

    Prop. 2, 9, 31:

    insidias in me conponis inanes,

    id. 2, 32 (3, 30), 19:

    compositas insidias fatoque evitatas ementitur,

    Tac. A. 13, 47:

    si haec fabulosa et composita videntur,

    id. Or. 12; id. Agr. 40:

    quae ut augendae famae composita, sic reliqua non in obscuro habentur,

    id. A. 15, 16; cf.:

    vetustatem, ut cetera, in majus conponentem altores Jovis celebravisse,

    exaggerating, Sall. H. 3, 60 Dietsch.— Part. perf. with in and acc., pretending, assuming the appearance or expression:

    (Domitianus) paratus simulatione, in adrogantiam compositus audiit preces,

    Tac. Agr. 42:

    is in maestitiam compositus,

    id. H. 2, 9; 1, 54:

    in securitatem,

    id. A. 3, 44.—Rarely with ad:

    tunc compositus ad maestitiam,

    Tac. A. 13, 20.— Hence, P. a.: compŏsĭtus ( - postus), a, um.
    A.
    Well-arranged, ordered, or constituted, orderly, regular:

    quae (injuria) dum foris sunt, nil videtur mundius, Nec magis compositum quicquam nec magis elegans,

    Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 13: admiratus sum... sunchusin litterularum, quae solent tuae compositissimae et clarissimae esse, Cic. Att. 6, 9, 1:

    acrior impetu atque animis quam compositior ullo ordine pugna fuit,

    Liv. 28, 22, 13:

    intellegitur, etiamsi non adjecero, conpositum ordinatumque fore talem virum,

    Sen. Vit. Beat. 8, 3:

    composita et quieta et beata respublica,

    Tac. Or. 36. —Of writings:

    quare in his quoque libris erant eadem aliqua... omnia vero compositiora et elaborata,

    Quint. 1, pr. § 8; cf.:

    illa quae curam fatentur et ficta atque composita videri etiam volunt,

    elaborate, id. 8, pr. § 23.— Transf., of the orator himself:

    si aut compositi oratoris bene structam collocationem dissolvas permutatione verborum,

    Cic. Or. 70, 232.—
    B.
    Fitly disposed for any purpose, prepared, apt, fit, adapted, qualified, suitable, ready:

    perficiam ut nemo umquam paratior, vigilantior, compositior ad judicium venisse videatur,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 1, 11; so,

    equus bene natura compositus,

    Auct. Her. 4, 46, 59.— With ad or in and acc., or with dat.:

    arte quadam ab juventa in ostentationem (virtutum) compositus,

    Liv. 26, 19, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.:

    alius historiae magis idoneus, alius compositus ad carmen,

    Quint. 2, 8, 7:

    aeque in adulationem compositus (sacerdos),

    Curt. 4, 7, 26:

    (Attici) non maxime ad risum compositi,

    Quint. 6, 3, 18:

    natura atque arte compositus alliciendis etiam Muciani moribus,

    Tac. H. 2, 5.—
    C.
    Quiet, peaceful, undisturbed, calm, composed, unimpassioned, etc.:

    ut peractis quae agenda fuerint salvo jam et composito die possis ibi manere,

    Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 2:

    lenis et nitidi et compositi generis amatores,

    Quint. 10, 1, 44:

    actio,

    id. 11, 3, 110:

    aetas,

    mature, sedate, Tac. A. 13, 1: adfectus mites atque compositi, Quint. 6, 2, 9:

    supercilium (opp. erectum),

    id. 11, 3, 74:

    repetitio eorum (civium) labefactabat compositam civitatem,

    Flor. 3, 23, 3.—
    D.
    Compound, composite, made up of parts (opp. simplex):

    verba,

    Quint. 1, 5, 3; 1, 6, 38; 7, 9, 5:

    voces,

    id. 1, 5, 65; cf. id. 1, 5, 9; 2, 12, 3.—Hence, subst.: compŏsĭtum ( conp-), i, n., that which is agreed, an agreement, compact, etc.; only abl. in the phrases,
    (α).
    Ex composito, according to agreement, by agreement, in concert, Sall. H. 2, 12 Dietsch:

    tum ex composito orta vis,

    Liv. 1, 9, 10; 5, 14, 2; 36, 25, 1; 40, 48, 4; Suet. Claud. 37; Tac. H. 4, 66.—
    (β).
    De composito, by agreement, App. Mag. 1, p. 273; and,
    (γ).
    More rarely in the same sense, composito alone, Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 29; Nep. Dat. 6, 6; Verg. A. 2, 129.—Hence also adv.: compŏsĭtē ( conp-), in an orderly, regular, or skilful manner, orderly, regularly, properly (class. but rare;

    not in Quint.): ambulare,

    Col. 6, 2, 5:

    indutus,

    Gell. 1, 5, 2:

    composite et apte dicere,

    Cic. Or. 71, 236:

    composite, ornate, copiose eloqui,

    id. De Or. 1, 11, 48:

    composite atque magnifice casum reipublicae miserati,

    Sall. C. 51, 9:

    bene et composite disseruit,

    id. Ib. 52.— Comp.:

    compositius cuncta quam festinantius agerent,

    Tac. A. 15, 3.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > conpositum

  • 16 Alvor, Agreement of

       The ill-fated Alvor Agreement was signed in Alvor, Algarve province, in January 1975. The purpose of the agreement was to facilitate the peaceful, lawful decolonization of Portugal's former colony of Angola. The conference that worked out and signed this instrument was hosted by Portugal's provisional government, and backed by the Armed Forces Movement, which had overthrown the dictatorship on 25 April 1974, and which had called for rapid decolonization of Portugal's African colonies after a truce in the colonial war. Decolonization negotiations proceeded fairly smoothly in the other African territories, but in Angola, rather than one African nationalist movement or party, three were struggling for power. They were the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), led by Holden Roberto; the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Agostinho Neto, who had trained as a physician in Portugal; and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), led by Jonas Savimbi. By the Alvor Agreement, which was signed by four parties — Portugal, FNLA, MPLA, and UNITA—the decolonization process would be realized in several stages, ending in November 1975, following free elections with the three nationalist parties participating, Portugal overseeing the elections, and the new army of Angola comprised of elements of the three African parties' armies, which had fought Portuguese forces off and on since 1961. Portugal's government in Lisbon and its government and forces in Angola attempted, but failed, to put the Alvor Agreement into full effect. A civil war broke out in the spring of 1975 in Angola among the three nationalist forces, eventually with the FNLA and UNITA entering an alliance against the MPLA. No all-Angola army was ever constituted, and a power struggle among the three armed movements ensued. The MPLA won control of the Luanda region. As the Portuguese forces and commissioner withdrew, Portugal did not hand over power to any one group. On 11 November 1975, with the Alvor Agreement a dead letter and no elections having been organized, the MPLA declared the independence of Angola and the civil war continued. Angola's independent beginnings were unique in African history: the colonial power suddenly withdrew without handing over power officially to a nationalist party, but "to the people of Angola," and Angola was born as a free state embroiled in a bloody civil war that lasted until 2002.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Alvor, Agreement of

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