a+cause+of+action

1) (something or someone that produces an effect or result: Having no money is the cause of all my misery.) causa

2) (a reason for an action; a motive: You had no cause to treat your wife so badly.) motivo

3) (an aim or concern for which an individual or group works: cancer research and other deserving causes; in the cause of peace.) causa

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[kɔ:z] n 1 causa: a) aquilo ou aquele que faz com que uma coisa exista. b) aquilo que determina um acontecimento. c) origem, princípio. d) motivo, razão. e) processo, demanda, pleito ou ação judicial. f) interesse, partido. 2 ocasião (para agir). • vt 1 causar, ser causa de, ser motivo de, motivar, ocasionar. 2 originar, efetuar, produzir. 3 induzir, compelir, mandar fazer. final cause causa final, finalidade (especialmente do universo). first cause causa prima. to gain one’s cause ganhar a demanda ou o processo. to give cause for dar lugar a, dar ensejo a. to make common cause with tomar o partido de, conjugar esforços com. to plead a cause advogar, defender uma causa. to stand for a just cause defender uma causa justa.

1) (something or someone that produces an effect or result: Having no money is the cause of all my misery.) causa

2) (a reason for an action; a motive: You had no cause to treat your wife so badly.) razão

3) (an aim or concern for which an individual or group works: cancer research and other deserving causes; in the cause of peace.) causa

1) (to come or bring together again: The general tried to rally his troops after the defeat; The troops rallied round the general.) reagrupar(-se)

2) (to come or bring together for a joint action or effort: The supporters rallied to save the club from collapse; The politician asked his supporters to rally to the cause.) juntar-se

3) (to (cause to) recover health or strength: She rallied from her illness.) recuperar-se

1) (a usually large gathering of people for some purpose: a Scouts' rally.) assembleia

2) (a meeting (usually of cars or motorcycles) for a competition, race etc.) rali

3) (an improvement in health after an illness.) recuperação

4) ((in tennis etc) a (usually long) series of shots before the point is won or lost.) sucessão de jogadas

•

- rally round

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[r'æli] n 1 reunião, reagrupamento (de tropas), recobro de forças. 2 comício. 3 rebatida (da bola, em tênis ou jogos similares). 4 Sport rali: competição automobilística. • vt+vi 1 reunir, ajuntar, reagrupar, pôr em ordem. 2 reanimar, revigorar. 3 tornar a reunir-se, encontrar-se para um fim comum. 4 convocar, chamar, incitar para uma ação em conjunto. 5 recuperar-se, reviver, reanimar-se, refazer-se. 6 Com recuperar os preços. the market rallies o mercado se normaliza (após uma depressão). to rally round coll colaborar, ajudar. to rally to the side of one’s friends tomar o partido dos ou socorrer os amigos.

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[r'æli] n zombaria benévola. • vt+vi zombar de, ridicularizar de maneira benévola.

1) (a circular frame or disc turning on a rod or axle, on which vehicles etc move along the ground: A bicycle has two wheels, a tricycle three, and most cars four; a cartwheel.) roda

2) (any of several things similar in shape and action: a potter's wheel; He was found drunk at the wheel (= steering-wheel) of his car.) volante

1) (to cause to move on wheels: He wheeled his bicycle along the path.) rodar

2) (to (cause to) turn quickly: He wheeled round and slapped me.) rodar

3) ((of birds) to fly in circles.) voar

•

- wheeled

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[wi:l] n 1 roda. 2 coll bicicleta. 3 volante. 4 movimento giratório. 5 rotação, giro. 6 fig viravolta. 7 qualquer coisa, instrumento, aparelho, etc. que em forma ou movimento sugere uma roda. 8 força propulsora. 9 wheels maquinaria, maquinismo. 10 suplício da roda. 11 sl veículo. • vt+vi 1 rodar, 2 transportar (sobre rodas). 3 virar(-se), volver(-se). 4 mover em forma circular. 5 sl pedalar. • adj de ou relativo a roda. at the wheel a) ao volante. b) na roda do leme. c) no controle. Fortune’s wheel roda da sorte, roda da fortuna. free wheel roda livre (bicicleta). he put a spoke in my wheel fig ele atrapalhou meu caminho, ele me criou dificuldades. he put his shoulder to the wheel ele pôs mãos à obra, ajudou bastante, esforçou-se. potter’s wheel roda de oleiro. spinning wheel roda de fiar. steering wheel a) Naut roda do leme. b) volante de direção. to break a fly on the wheel fig atirar com canhões em moscas. to grease the wheels sl engraxar, subornar. to take the wheel tomar, pegar o controle. to wheel round volver(-se), virar(-se) repentinamente. wheels within wheels coisas, assuntos complicados.

1) (to come or bring together again: The general tried to rally his troops after the defeat; The troops rallied round the general.) reagrupar(-se)

2) (to come or bring together for a joint action or effort: The supporters rallied to save the club from collapse; The politician asked his supporters to rally to the cause.) juntar(-se)

3) (to (cause to) recover health or strength: She rallied from her illness.) restabelecer-se

1) (a usually large gathering of people for some purpose: a Scouts' rally.) assembléia

2) (a meeting (usually of cars or motorcycles) for a competition, race etc.) rali

3) (an improvement in health after an illness.) restabelecimento

4) ((in tennis etc) a (usually long) series of shots before the point is won or lost.) rally

•

- rally round

1) (a circular frame or disc turning on a rod or axle, on which vehicles etc move along the ground: A bicycle has two wheels, a tricycle three, and most cars four; a cartwheel.) roda

2) (any of several things similar in shape and action: a potter's wheel; He was found drunk at the wheel (= steering-wheel) of his car.)

1) (to cause to move on wheels: He wheeled his bicycle along the path.) rolar, girar

2) (to (cause to) turn quickly: He wheeled round and slapped me.) rodar, girar

3) ((of birds) to fly in circles.) voar em círculos

•

- wheeled

1) (used before the place, thing, person, time etc that is the point at which an action, journey, period of time etc begins: from Europe to Asia; from Monday to Friday; a letter from her father.) de

2) (used to indicate that from which something or someone comes: a quotation from Shakespeare.) de

3) (used to indicate separation: Take it from him.) de

4) (used to indicate a cause or reason: He is suffering from a cold.) de

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[frɔm, frəm] prep 1 de. 2 proveniente de, da parte de. 3 para longe de, para fora de, da posse de. 4 desde, a partir de, a contar de. 5 por causa de, em conseqüência de, de acordo com, conforme, por, a julgar por, segundo. 6 diferente de. 7 afastado de, distante de. apart from salvo, exceto. different from diferente de. from above de cima. from a child desde criança. from afar de longe. from amidst do meio de. from among do meio de, dentre. from bad to worse de mal a pior. from behind something de trás de alguma coisa. from being mild he became irate primeiro ele foi amável, depois irritou-se. from beyond dalém. from day to day dia a dia, diariamente. from every angle em todo o sentido. from hand to mouth de expedientes. from her looks a julgar de seu aspecto. from high de cima, do alto. from my own experience de minha própria experiência. from now on de agora em diante, doravante. from stem to stern de popa à proa. from the beginning desde o início. from top to toe, from head to foot da cabeça aos pés. from under de baixo de. from what you say segundo (ou pelo) que você diz. from within de dentro, do interior. from year’s end to year’s end de ano a ano. he died from overwork ele morreu devido a excesso de trabalho. I am far from thinking that eu estou longe de pensar que. I saw him from the window eu o vi da janela. straight from the horse’s mouth sl de fonte fidedigna. they took it from me roubaram-no de mim. to drink from the glass beber no copo. we are far from home nós estamos longe de casa. we hid it from him nós o escondemos dele. we keep him from doing it nós impedimos que ele o fizesse. where are you from? de onde você é, onde você nasceu?

1) (to cover (iron or steel) with a thin layer of zinc to prevent it rusting.) galvanizar

2) ((with into) to cause or move (a person) to do something: The threat of losing their jobs galvanized the men into action.) galvanizar

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[g'ælvənaiz] vt+vi galvanizar: 1 aplicar corrente elétrica. 2 fig reanimar, espantar, alarmar, excitar, estimular. 3 cobrir (ferro ou aço) com outro metal por meio de galvanoplastia.

1) (to have for a very long or indefinite period of time: He gave me the picture to keep.) guardar

2) (not to give or throw away; to preserve: I kept the most interesting books; Can you keep a secret?) guardar

3) (to (cause to) remain in a certain state or position: I keep this gun loaded; How do you keep cool in this heat?; Will you keep me informed of what happens?) manter

4) (to go on (performing or repeating a certain action): He kept walking.) continuar a

5) (to have in store: I always keep a tin of baked beans for emergencies.) guardar

6) (to look after or care for: She keeps the garden beautifully; I think they keep hens.) cuidar

7) (to remain in good condition: That meat won't keep in this heat unless you put it in the fridge.) conservar

8) (to make entries in (a diary, accounts etc): She keeps a diary to remind her of her appointments; He kept the accounts for the club.) fazer

9) (to hold back or delay: Sorry to keep you.) atrasar

10) (to provide food, clothes, housing for (someone): He has a wife and child to keep.) sustentar

11) (to act in the way demanded by: She kept her promise.) manter

12) (to celebrate: to keep Christmas.) celebrar

- keeper

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[ki:p] n 1 sustento, manutenção, alimentação e moradia. 2 pasto, prado. 3 calabouço, prisão, masmorra, torre de menagem. • vt+vi (ps, pp kept) 1 ter, possuir, guardar. she keeps a thing close / ela sabe guardar um segredo. she keeps lodgers / ela tem inquilinos. 2 conservar, reter, deter. 3 reservar, guardar, ocultar. 4 cuidar, tomar conta, proteger, favorecer, resguardar, defender. she keeps guard over the treasure / ela vela o tesouro. they keep hold of their property / eles sabem guardar (ou defender) sua propriedade. 5 lembrar, ter em mente. 6 empregar, aproveitar. 7 impedir, deter, prevenir. 8 refrear, reprimir, abster-se. 9 manter, manter em condições, preservar, durar. keep your balance / não perca o seu equilíbrio. he keeps his countenance / ele mantém a calma. she keeps peace / ela mantém a paz. the meat will keep till tomorrow / a carne conservar-se-á até amanhã. 10 cultivar. 11 continuar, permanecer, prolongar. 12 celebrar, observar. 13 cumprir, executar, ser fiel à palavra. 14 alimentar, sustentar. I keep him on milk / alimento-o com leite. 15 armazenar, ter em estoque ou à venda. l6 manter(-se). he keeps his ground / ele mantém-se firme. 17 criar. 18 gerir, dirigir, ter um negócio. they keep a shop / eles têm uma loja. for keeps 1 para ficar com alguma coisa (não para devolver). 2 permanentemente, para sempre. he keeps pace with his friend ela anda ao mesmo passo que o seu amigo, fig iguala-o. he keeps the bed ele está acamado, doente. how are you keeping? como vai?, como tem passado? keep going! continua!, continua andando! keep the ball rolling! não ceda!, continue esforçando-se! keep your distance mantenha a distância (também fig). keep your hair on! sangue frio!, calma! keep your head! não perca a cabeça! to keep aloof manter-se afastado. to keep a low profile sl passar despercebido, tentar não chamar a atenção. to keep an eye on coll vigiar, tomar conta. to keep a straight face ficar sério. to keep asunder manter separado, estar desunido. to keep at it persistir numa coisa, manter-se firme, insistir em alguma coisa, empenhar-se. to keep away a) conservar-se afastado. b) abster-se. c) afastar(-se). to keep back a) retardar, reter o progresso. b) reservar uma parte, guardar um pouco. c) não contar, silenciar. d) conter, conservar baixo. e) segurar, parar no estômago. to keep body and soul together manter-se vivo. to keep books escriturar (contas). to keep clear of manter-se afastado de alguém ou de alguma coisa. to keep company a) ficar junto, estar em companhia. b) fig namorar. to keep down a) abaixar-se. b) oprimir, humilhar. c) reprimir. to keep fit conservar a forma. to keep from a) guardar, conservar. b) preservar. c) impedir, impossibilitar. d) sonegar. e) abster-se. to keep house ter casa. to keep in a) deter, reter. b) comprimir. c) não sair de casa, ficar em casa. d) ficar na parte de dentro. to keep in custody guardar, custodiar. to keep in mind ter em mente, lembrar-se. to keep in with someone estar às boas com alguém, estar bem com. to keep off a) reter, impedir, barrar. keep off! / mantenha distância!, cuidado!, cautela! b) afastar(-se), ficar longe de. c) repelir, rejeitar. d) evitar. to keep on a) continuar, prosseguir. for how long is this to keep on? / quanto tempo isto deve durar? b) avançar, seguir. c) ficar (com o chapéu na cabeça). d) ficar vestido. e) conservar, guardar, manter. to keep on at someone amolar, importunar. to keep one’s end up continuar, prosseguir, não desistir. to keep one’s hand in praticar, conservar aptidão através da prática, continuar em forma. to keep one’s head down evitar chamar atenção sobre si mesmo, passar despercebido. to keep one’s shirt/ pants on coll ficar calmo, ficar frio. to keep out a) impedir a entrada. keep out! / entrada proibida! b) excluir, afastar. to keep quiet ficar quieto. to keep silence ficar calado. to keep smiling não desanimar, sorrir sempre. to keep someone at it obrigar alguém a trabalhar. to keep someone in clothes prover alguém de roupas. to keep someone out of excluir alguém de algo, deixar fora de. to keep someone waiting fazer alguém esperar. to keep something to oneself guardar segredo, ocultar algo. to keep still não se mexer. to keep tab(s) on Amer a) registrar, anotar. b) coll controlar, vigiar. to keep time a) Mus manter o compasso. b) estar certo ou andar bem, ser pontual. to keep to a) seguir, obedecer, aderir. keep to the left! / seguir à esquerda! b) limitar-se a. c) permanecer. to keep to oneself isolar-se dos outros espontaneamente. to keep track of a) ficar informado. b) observar atentamente. to keep under a) conter, reprimir, refrear, tirar a liberdade. b) deixar inconsciente, manter dopado. to keep up a) manter, conservar. b) sustentar, prover. c) continuar, prosseguir, manter-se, não desanimar. the rain keeps up / continua chovendo. d) atualizar-se, ajustar-se. to keep up appearances manter as aparências. to keep up with não ficar atrás, adaptar-se, imitar, copiar. to play for keeps jogar por dinheiro. where do you keep? onde é que você mora?

1) (a planned movement (of troops, ships, aircraft, vehicles etc): Can you perform all the manoeuvres required by the driving test?) manobra

2) (a skilful or cunning plan or action: His appointment was the result of many cunning manoeuvres.) manobra

* * *

[mən'u:və] n 1 manobra, evolução. 2 artifício. • vt+vi 1 manobrar. 2 intrigar, tramar.

1) (belonging to: a friend of mine.) de

2) (away from (a place etc); after (a given time): within five miles of London; within a year of his death.) de

3) (written etc by: the plays of Shakespeare.) de

4) (belonging to or forming a group: He is one of my friends.) de

5) (showing: a picture of my father.) de

6) (made from; consisting of: a dress of silk; a collection of pictures.) de

7) (used to show an amount, measurement of something: a gallon of petrol; five bags of coal.) de

8) (about: an account of his work.) de

9) (containing: a box of chocolates.) de

10) (used to show a cause: She died of hunger.) de

11) (used to show a loss or removal: She was robbed of her jewels.) de

12) (used to show the connection between an action and its object: the smoking of a cigarette.) de

13) (used to show character, qualities etc: a man of courage.) de

14) ((American) (of time) a certain number of minutes before (the hour): It's ten minutes of three.) para

* * *

[ɔv; ∧v] prep 1 de. 2 do, da (denota conexão ou relação em casos de: situação, ponto de partida, separação, origem, motivo ou causa, agência, substância ou material, posse, inclusão, participação, equivalência ou identidade, referência, respeito, direção, distância, qualidade, condição). a look of pity um olhar de piedade. a quarter of two Amer um quarto para as duas (horas). are you sure of it? você tem certeza? for the love of her por amor a ela. he is one of them é um deles. of age maior (de idade). of course naturalmente. of late years nos últimos anos. of necessity necessariamente. of old antigamente. of oneself por si mesmo, espontaneamente. of rights por direito. the three of us nós três. the walls of the room as paredes do quarto. to die of pneumonia morrer de pneumonia.

1) (a person who is under the rule of a monarch or a member of a country that has a monarchy etc: We are loyal subjects of the Queen; He is a British subject.) súbdito

2) (someone or something that is talked about, written about etc: We discussed the price of food and similar subjects; What was the subject of the debate?; The teacher tried to think of a good subject for their essay; I've said all I can on that subject.) assunto

3) (a branch of study or learning in school, university etc: He is taking exams in seven subjects; Mathematics is his best subject.) disciplina

4) (a thing, person or circumstance suitable for, or requiring, a particular kind of treatment, reaction etc: I don't think her behaviour is a subject for laughter.) motivo

5) (in English, the word(s) representing the person or thing that usually does the action shown by the verb, and with which the verb agrees: The cat sat on the mat; He hit her because she broke his toy; He was hit by the ball.) sujeito

1) (to bring (a person, country etc) under control: They have subjected all the neighbouring states (to their rule).) submeter

2) (to cause to suffer, or submit (to something): He was subjected to cruel treatment; These tyres are subjected to various tests before leaving the factory.) submeter

•

- subjection

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[s'∧bdʒikt] n 1 assunto, tópico, tema, tese. let us change the subject / mudemos o assunto. 2 súdito, vassalo. 3 objeto, vítima. 4 Gram sujeito. 5 tema de melodia, em que se baseia uma composição musical. 6 objeto, motivo. 7 Schooling disciplina, matéria. 8 sujeito de experiência, cobaia. 9 substância, essência, substrato. 10 cadáver (para dissecção). • [səbdʒ'ekt] vt 1 subjugar, dominar, sujeitar. he is subject to asthma / ele está sujeito à asma. 2 submeter. he subjected himself to great danger / ele se expôs a um grande perigo. • adj 1 sujeito, sob o domínio de. 2 exposto. 3 com disposição ou tendência para. 4 dependente, condicionado a. a subject for pity um objeto de compaixão. subject to duty sujeito a taxas alfandegárias. subject to his approval dependente de sua aprovação. subject to reservations com reservas. subject to this com estas restrições. the subject under discussion o tema em discussão.

1) (to (cause to) move from side to side or up and down with a swinging or rocking action: The branches swayed gently in the breeze.) (fazer) oscilar

2) (to influence the opinion etc of: She's too easily swayed by her feelings.) influenciar

1) (the motion of swaying: the sway of the ship's deck.) balanço

2) (power, rule or control: people under the sway of the dictator.) domínio

* * *

[swei] n 1 balanço, oscilação, agitação. 2 influência, controle, poder, domínio. he is completely under his teacher’s sway / ele está completamente sob a influência de seu professor. • vt+vi 1 balançar, oscilar, flutuar. 2 fazer mover, agitar, fazer balançar. 3 virar, mudar de opinião. 4 inclinar-se para um lado, pender, envergar, fazer inclinar para um lado. 5 influenciar, controlar, dominar. he sways the sceptre / fig ele domina. 6 dirigir, governar.

1) (to cover (iron or steel) with a thin layer of zinc to prevent it rusting.) galvanizar

2) ((with into) to cause or move (a person) to do something: The threat of losing their jobs galvanized the men into action.) galvanizar

1) (used before the place, thing, person, time etc that is the point at which an action, journey, period of time etc begins: from Europe to Asia; from Monday to Friday; a letter from her father.) de

2) (used to indicate that from which something or someone comes: a quotation from Shakespeare.) de

3) (used to indicate separation: Take it from him.) de

4) (used to indicate a cause or reason: He is suffering from a cold.) de

1) (to cover (iron or steel) with a thin layer of zinc to prevent it rusting.) galvanizar

2) ((with into) to cause or move (a person) to do something: The threat of losing their jobs galvanized the men into action.) estimular

1) (to cover (iron or steel) with a thin layer of zinc to prevent it rusting.) galvanizar

2) ((with into) to cause or move (a person) to do something: The threat of losing their jobs galvanized the men into action.) estimular

1) (to have for a very long or indefinite period of time: He gave me the picture to keep.) guardar

2) (not to give or throw away; to preserve: I kept the most interesting books; Can you keep a secret?) guardar, conservar

3) (to (cause to) remain in a certain state or position: I keep this gun loaded; How do you keep cool in this heat?; Will you keep me informed of what happens?) manter(-se)

4) (to go on (performing or repeating a certain action): He kept walking.) prosseguir

5) (to have in store: I always keep a tin of baked beans for emergencies.) guardar

6) (to look after or care for: She keeps the garden beautifully; I think they keep hens.) manter

7) (to remain in good condition: That meat won't keep in this heat unless you put it in the fridge.) conservar(-se)

8) (to make entries in (a diary, accounts etc): She keeps a diary to remind her of her appointments; He kept the accounts for the club.) manter

9) (to hold back or delay: Sorry to keep you.) reter

10) (to provide food, clothes, housing for (someone): He has a wife and child to keep.) manter

11) (to act in the way demanded by: She kept her promise.) manter

12) (to celebrate: to keep Christmas.) celebrar

- keeper

1) (a planned movement (of troops, ships, aircraft, vehicles etc): Can you perform all the manoeuvres required by the driving test?) manobra

2) (a skilful or cunning plan or action: His appointment was the result of many cunning manoeuvres.) manobra

1) (belonging to: a friend of mine.) de

2) (away from (a place etc); after (a given time): within five miles of London; within a year of his death.) de

3) (written etc by: the plays of Shakespeare.) de

4) (belonging to or forming a group: He is one of my friends.) de

5) (showing: a picture of my father.) de

6) (made from; consisting of: a dress of silk; a collection of pictures.) de

7) (used to show an amount, measurement of something: a gallon of petrol; five bags of coal.) de

8) (about: an account of his work.) de

9) (containing: a box of chocolates.) de

10) (used to show a cause: She died of hunger.) de

11) (used to show a loss or removal: She was robbed of her jewels.) de

12) (used to show the connection between an action and its object: the smoking of a cigarette.) de

13) (used to show character, qualities etc: a man of courage.) de

14) ((American) (of time) a certain number of minutes before (the hour): It's ten minutes of three.) para