a+card

lāna, ae, f. [Gr. lachnê, lachnos, lênos, Dor. lanos; cf. laoios, and v. Varr. L. L. 5, § 113 Müll.], wool, Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 12; Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 18; Cic. de Or. 2, 68, 277; Col. 7, 2, 4:

lanam cārĕre,

to card wool, Plaut. Men. 5, 2, 46; so,

lanam trahere,

Juv. 2, 54:

lanam deducere,

id. 7, 224:

lanas ducere,

to spin wool, Ov. M. 4, 34:

lanam expediendam conducere,

for carding and spinning, Dig. 7, 8, 12:

lanas tingere murice,

to dye, Ov. M. 6, 9; cf.:

lanam fucare veneno Assyrio,

Verg. G. 2, 465:

medicata fuco,

Hor. C. 3, 5, 28:

aurea lana,

the golden fleece, Ov. F. 3, 876:

lana legata, sive succida sive lota sit, sive pectinata sive versicoloria, legato cedit,

Paul. Sent. 3, 6, 82; cf.

§ 85: si ex lana mea vestimentum feceris, etc.,

Gai. Inst. 2, 79.—

Transf.

In gen., a working in wool:

lana et tela victum quaeritans,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 48:

Lucretia lanae dedita,

Liv. 1, 57:

lanam facere,

Ov. M. 6, 31.— Plur.:

te lanae... non citharae decent,

Hor. C. 3, 15, 13:

admotaque lanis quae cessat acu,

Juv. 6, 497.—Prov.: cogitare de lana sua, to be thinking about her work, i. e. to be unconcerned, Ov. A. A. 2, 686.—

Of things resembling wool, soft hair or feathers, down:

lana leporina et anserina et caprina,

Dig. 32, 1, 70; Mart. 14, 161:

celantur simili ventura Cydonia lana,

id. 10, 42; cf. Plin. 12, 10, 21, § 38.—Of thin, fleecy clouds:

tenuia lanae vellera,

Verg. G. 1, 397; cf. Plin. 18, 35, 82, § 356.—Prov.:

rixari de lana caprina,

i. e. to dispute about trifles, Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 15.

nongenti ( nōningenti, Col. 5, 2, 7), ae, a, adj. card., nine hundred:

ab uno ad nongenta... a mille ad nongenta milia,

Varr. R. R. 3, 49:

Falcidius emerat HS. nongentis milibus,

Cic. Fl. 37, 91.—

In sing.: nongentus, i, m., one of nine hundred inspectors of the ballot-boxes:

praeter hos etiamnum nongenti vocabantur ex omnibus electi ad custodiendas suffragiorum cistas... cum alius se nongentum, alius selectum appellaret,

Plin. 33, 1, 7, § 31.

pecten, ĭnis, m. [pecto], a comb.

Prop., for the hair, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 18; Ov. Am. 1, 14, 15:

deducit pectine crines,

id. M. 4, 311; 12, 409; Petr. 126; Spart. Hadr. 26.—

Transf., of things resembling a comb.

The reed or sley of a weaver's loom:

arguto tenues percurrens pectine telas,

Verg. A. 7, 14; Ov. F. 3, 819; cf. id. M. 6, 58; Varr. L. L. 5, 23, § 113.—

The weaver's art, weaving:

victa est Pectine Niliaco jam Babylonis acus,

Mart. 14, 150, 2.—

An instrument for heckling flax or combing wool, a comb, card, heckle, Juv. 9, 30; Plin. 11, 23, 27, § 77; Claud. Eutr. 2, 382.—

A rake:

tonsam raro pectine verrit humum,

Ov. R. Am. 191; Plin. 18, 30, 72, § 297; Col. 2, 20.—

A clasping of the hands in distress, Ov. M. 9, 299.—Of the mingling of the oars of two vessels:

mixtis obliquo pectine remis,

Luc. 3, 609 dub. (al. pectore).—

Pecten dentium, a row of teeth, Prud. steph. 10, 934.—

A stripe or vein in wood, Plin. 16, 38, 73, § 185.—

The hair of the pubes, Juv. 6, 370; Plin. 29, 1, 8, § 26.—Also, the sharebone, Cels. 8, 1.—

A kind of dance:

Amazonius,

Stat. Achill. 2, 156.—

An instrument with which the strings of the lyre were struck:

jamque eadem digitis, jam pectine pulsat eburno,

Verg. A. 6, 647 Serv.; Juv. 6, 382.—

Transf.

A lyre, Val. Fl. 3, 159.—

A poem or song:

dum canimus sacras alterno pectine Nonas,

i. e. in distichs, Ov. F. 2, 121.—

A kind of shell-fish, a scallop:

pectinibus patulis jactat se molle Tarentum,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 34; Plin. 9, 33, 51, § 101; 9, 51, 74, § 160; 11, 37, 52, § 139; 11, 51, 112, § 267; 32, 11, 53, § 150.—

Pecten Veneris, a plant, perh. Venus's comb, needle-weed, Plin. 24, 19, 114, § 175.

pectĭno, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. [pecten], to comb, card, heckle.

Lit.:

caudae setas,

App. M. 6, p. 185, 18.—

Transf., to harrow:

segetem,

Plin. 18, 21, 50, § 186.— Hence, pectĭnātus, a, um, P. a., combed, i. e. sloped two ways like a comb:

pectenatum (so, not written pectinatum) tectum dicitur a similitudine pectinis in duas partes devexum, ut testudinatum in quatuor,

Fest. p. 212 and 213 Müll.

pecto, pexi (pexui, Alcim. Ep. 77), pexum and pectĭtum, 3, v. a. [Gr. pekô, pekteô, to comb, shear; pokos, fleece; Lat. pecten], to comb.

Lit.:

tenues comas,

Tib. 1, 9, 68:

longas comas,

id. 2, 5, 8:

caesariem,

Hor. C. 1, 15, 14:

capillos,

Ov. H. 13, 31; cf.: pexisti capillum, Maec. ap. Prisc. p. 903 P:

barbam,

Juv. 14, 216:

pectebat ferum (cervum),

Verg. A. 7, 489:

capilli pexi,

Juv. 11, 150:

pexa barba,

Mart. 7, 58, 2:

ille pexus pinguisque doctor,

Quint. 1, 5, 14.—In a Greek construction:

ipsa comas pectar,

Ov. H. 13, 39.—

Transf.

To comb, card, heckle:

stuppa pectitur ferreis hamis,

Plin. 19, 1, 3, § 17:

pectitae lanae,

Col. 12, 3, 6.—

To dress, hoe, weed, Col. 10, 148:

pectita tellus,

id. 10, 94.—Hence,

Trop., comic.: aliquem fusti or pugnis, to give one a dressing or thrashing:

leno pugnis pectitur,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 47:

pugnis,

id. Men. 5, 7, 28:

aliquem fusti,

id. Capt. 4, 2, 116.—Hence, pexus (as a surname, written PEXSVS, PEXSA, Inscr. Grut. 487, 1; Marin. Iscriz. Alb. p. 91), a, um, P. a., woolly, that still has the nap on, new:

tunica,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 95:

vestes,

Plin. 8, 48, 73, § 191.—Hence: pexa munera, prob. a new woolly toga, Mart. 7, 46, 6.—

Transf.:

folium,

woolly, Col. 11, 3, 26.

ses-centi (less correctly sex-centi; cf. Ritschl Proleg. ad Plaut. p. 114), ae, a, num. card. adj. [sex-centum].

Prop., six hundred: sescenti aurei nummi Philippii. [p. 1685] Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 38:

Romuli aetatem minus his sescentis annis fuisse cernimus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10, 18: argenti sescentum ac mille, Lucil. ap. Non. 493, 32:

curriculum longum sescentos pedes,

Gell. 1, 1, 2.—

Meton., like our hundred or thousand, to signify an immense number, an innumerable quantity, any amount, etc. (perh. because the Roman cohorts consisted originally of six hundred men; very freq. in prose and poet.):

sescentae ad eam rem causae possunt colligi,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 62:

sescentas proinde scribito jam mihi dicas: Nihil do,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 63:

venio ad epistulas tuas, quas ego sescentas uno tempore accepi,

Cic. Att. 7, 2, 3:

jam sescenti sunt, qui inter sicarios accusabant,

id. Rosc. Am. 32, 90:

sescentos cives Romanos,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 119.—As subst.: sescenta, ōrum, n. plur., an immense number of things:

sescenta sunt, quae memorem, si sit otium,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 41; cf. Cic. Div. 2, 14, 34; id. Att. 2, 19, 1; 6, 4, 1; 14, 12, 1:

sescenta tanta reddam, si vivo, tibi,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 111; so id. Ps. 2, 2, 37.

ses-centi (less correctly sex-centi; cf. Ritschl Proleg. ad Plaut. p. 114), ae, a, num. card. adj. [sex-centum].

Prop., six hundred: sescenti aurei nummi Philippii. [p. 1685] Plaut. Poen. 1, 1, 38:

Romuli aetatem minus his sescentis annis fuisse cernimus,

Cic. Rep. 2, 10, 18: argenti sescentum ac mille, Lucil. ap. Non. 493, 32:

curriculum longum sescentos pedes,

Gell. 1, 1, 2.—

Meton., like our hundred or thousand, to signify an immense number, an innumerable quantity, any amount, etc. (perh. because the Roman cohorts consisted originally of six hundred men; very freq. in prose and poet.):

sescentae ad eam rem causae possunt colligi,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 62:

sescentas proinde scribito jam mihi dicas: Nihil do,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 63:

venio ad epistulas tuas, quas ego sescentas uno tempore accepi,

Cic. Att. 7, 2, 3:

jam sescenti sunt, qui inter sicarios accusabant,

id. Rosc. Am. 32, 90:

sescentos cives Romanos,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 119.—As subst.: sescenta, ōrum, n. plur., an immense number of things:

sescenta sunt, quae memorem, si sit otium,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 4, 41; cf. Cic. Div. 2, 14, 34; id. Att. 2, 19, 1; 6, 4, 1; 14, 12, 1:

sescenta tanta reddam, si vivo, tibi,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 111; so id. Ps. 2, 2, 37.

sestertĭus, a, um, num. adj. [contr. from semis-tertius], two and a half; only in the phrases sestertius nummus and milia sestertia; v. I. A. and I. B. 1. infra.— Mostly as subst.

sestertĭus (written also with the characters HS.; v. B. 4. infra), ii, m. (sc. nummus); also in full: sestertius nummus; gen. plur. sestertiūm; rarely sestertiorum or sestertiūm nummūm, a sesterce, a small silver coin, originally equal to two and a half asses, or one fourth of a denarius. When the as was reduced in weight, during the Punic wars, the denarius was made equal to sixteen asses, and the sestertius continued to be one fourth of the denarius. Its value, up to the time of Augustus, was twopence and half a farthing sterling, or four and one tenth cents; afterwards about one eighth less. The sestertius was the ordinary coin of the Romans, by which the largest sums were reckoned. The sestertium (1000 sestertii) was equal (up to the time of Augustus, afterwards about one eighth less) to

1 d. sterling, or $42.94 in United States coin (v. Zumpt, Gram. § 842; Dict. of Ant. s. v. as, sestertius).

In gen.:

sestertius, quod duobus semis additur (dupondius enim et semis antiquus sestertius est) et veteris consuetudinis, ut retro aere dicerent, ita ut semis tertius, quartus semis pronunciarent, ab semis tertius sestertius dicitur,

Varr. L. L. 5, § 173 Müll.: nostri quartam denarii partem, quod efficie [p. 1686] batur ex duobus assibus et tertio semisse, sestertium nominaverunt, Vitr. 3, 1 med.; Cic. Div. in Caecil. 10, 30:

taxatio in libras sestertii singuli et in penuriā bini,

Plin. 18, 13, 34, § 130.—Freq. joined with nummus:

mille nongentos quinquaginta sestertios nummos,

Col. 3, 3, 9.— Gen. plur. sestertiūm: quid verum sit, intellego;

sed alias ita loquor, ut concessum est, ut hoc vel pro deum dico vel pro deorum, alias, ut necesse est, cum triumvirum non virorum, cum sestertiūm nummūm non nummorum, quod in his consuetudo varia non est,

Cic. Or. 46, 56:

sestertiūm sexagena milia nummūm,

Varr. R. R. 3, 6, 1; cited ap. Plin. 10, 20, 23, § 45.—Rarely, sestertiorum:

duo milia sestertiorum,

Col. 3, 3, 13.—

In partic.

As adj. in neutr. plur., with milia (in Varr. and Col.):

ut asinus venierit sestertiis milibus LX. (= sexaginta milibus sestertium),

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 14:

grex centenarius facile quadragena milia sestertia ut reddat,

id. ib. 3, 6, 6:

hos numquam minus dena milia sestertia ex melle recipere,

id. ib. 3, 6, 11:

Hirrius ex aedificiis duodena milia sestertia capiebat,

id. ib. 3, 17, 3:

sestertiis octo milibus,

Col. 3, 3, 8; 3, 3, 9; 3, 3, 10.—

To express more than two complete thousands sestertia is used as plurale tantum, with distrib. numerals (rare before the Aug. per.):

si qui vilicus ex eo fundo, qui sestertia dena meritasset... domino XX. milia nummūm pro X. miserit (= decem milia sestertiūm),

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 50, § 119:

candidati apud eum HS. quingena deposuerunt (= quindecim milia sestertiūm),

id. Att. 4, 15, 7:

capit ille ex suis praediis sexcena sestertia, ego centena ex meis,

id. Par. 6, 3, 49:

bis dena super sestertia nummum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 33:

Tiberius Hortalo se respondisse ait, daturum liberis ejus ducena sestertia singulis,

Tac. A. 2, 38:

princeps capiendis pecuniis posuit modum usque ad dena sestertia,

id. ib. 11, 7.—Rarely with card. numerals:

sestertia centum,

Sall. C. 30, 6:

septem donat sestertia,

Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 80:

centum sestertia,

Mart. 6, 20, 1:

sex sestertia,

id. 6, 30, 1; cf.:

ne cui jus esset nisi qui... HS. CCCC. census fuisset,

Plin. 33, 2, 8, § 32.—

Millions of sesterces were expressed in three ways:

By the words centena (or centum) milia sestertiūm, preceded by a numeral adverb (rare): miliens centena milia sestertium, a hundred millions, etc., Plin. 12, 18, 41, § 84.—

With ellips. of the words centena milia, the gen. plur. sestertiūm being preceded by the numeral adv. (rare;

once in Cic.): HS. (i. e. sestertium) quater decies P. Tadio numerata Athenis... planum faciam (i.e. sestertiūm quater decies centena milia, = 1,400,000 sesterces),

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 39, § 100 (where B. and K. after Orell. read. ex conj., sestertium; v. Kühner, Gram. § 229, 5 b.).—

With sestertium, declined as subst. neutr., and the numeral adverbs from decies upward (also with ellips. of centena or centum milia; sestertium here = centum milia sestertiūm. The origin of this usage, which became general, has been much disputed, and it is usual to explain it, after Non. p. 495 (cf. Quint. 1, 6, 18), as a grammatical blunder, by which the gen. plur. sestertium has been mistaken for a neutr. sing., Zumpt, Gram. § 873; but it more probably grew out of the adj. use of sestertium with mille, supra; v. Fischer, Gram. 2, p. 269; cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, p. 116; Kühner, Gram. § 209).

Nom. and acc.:

quom ei testamento sestertium milies relinquatur,

Cic. Off. 3, 24, 93:

nonne sestertium centies et octogies... Romae in quaestu reliquisti?

id. Pis. 35, 86:

sestertium sexagies, quod advexerat Domitius,

Caes. B. C. 1, 23, 4:

sestertium quadringenties aerario illatum est,

Tac. A. 13, 31:

sestertium deciens numeratum esse,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 7, § 20; 2, 3, 70, § 163:

quadringenties sestertium, quod debuisti,

id. Phil. 2, 37, 93; id. Off. 3, 24, 93; Nep. Att. 14, 2:

sestertium ducenties ex eā praedā redactum esse,

Liv. 45, 43, 8; Val. Max. 9, 1, 6:

sestertium milies in culinam congerere,

Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 10, 3:

quater milies sestertium suum vidit,

id. Ben. 2, 27, 1; Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 37; Tac. A. 6, 45; 12, 22; 12, 53; 13, 31; id. H. 4, 47; Suet. Calig. 37; id. Galb. 5.—Sometimes with ellips. of sestertium:

dissipatio, per quam Antonius septies miliens avertit,

Cic. Phil. 5, 4, 11.—

Gen.:

syngrapha sestertii centies per legatos facta,

Cic. Phil. 2, 37, 95:

argenti ad summam sestertii decies in aerarium rettulit,

Liv. 45, 4, 1:

sestertii milies servus,

Sen. Q. N. 1, 16, 1:

liberalitas decies sestertii,

Tac. A. 2, 37; 2, 86:

centies sestertii largitio,

id. ib. 12, 58; 12, 53; Plin. Ep. 10, 3 (5), 2.—

Abl.:

quadragies sestertio villam venisse,

Varr. R. R. 3, 17, 3:

sexagies sestertio, tricies sestertio,

Val. Max. 9, 1, 4:

centies sestertio cenavit uno die,

Sen. Cons. ad Helv. 9, 11:

pantomimae decies sestertio nubunt,

id. ib. 12, 5; id. Ben. 4, 36, 1; Plin. 8, 48, 74, § 196:

accepto quinquagies sestertio,

Tac. A. 3, 17; 6, 17; 16, 13; id. H. 4, 42; Plin. Ep. 3, 19, 7; Suet. Caes. 50; id. Tib. 48; id. Calig. 38, 4.—The sign HS., i.e. II. and semis, stands for sestertius, sestertia, and sestertium, in all the uses described above; when it is necessary, to avoid ambiguity, its meanings are distinguished thus: HS. XX. stands for sestertii viginti; HS. X̅X̅., with a line over the numeral, = sestertia vicena, or 20,000 sesterces; H̅S̅. X̅X̅., with lines over both signs, = sestertium vicies, or 2,000,000 sesterces (Kühner, Gram. § 229 Anm. 1). But in recent edd. the numerals are usu. written in full, when the meaning would otherwise be doubtful.—

Transf., in gen.

Nummo sestertio or sestertio nummo, for a small sum, for a trifle (good prose):

ecquis est, qui bona C. Rabirii Postumi nummo sestertio sibi addici velit? Tua, Postume, nummo sestertio a me addicuntur,

Cic. Rab. Post. 17, 45; Val. Max. 5, 2, 10:

C. Matienus damnatus sestertio nummo veniit,

Liv. Epit. 55:

quae maxima inter vos habentur, divitiae, gratia, potentia, sestertio nummo aestiman da sunt,

Sen. Ep. 95, 59; Val. Max. 8, 2, 3.—

Money, a sum of money:

sestertio amplo comparare,

for a large sum, Sol. 27 (40) fin. —

In the times of the emperors, also, a copper coin, worth four asses, Plin. 34, 2, 2, § 4; cf. Eckhel. Doctr. Num. 6, p. 283.—

ses-tertĭum, ii, n., in econom. lang., as a measure of dimension, two and a half feet deep:

ipsum agrum sat erit bipalio vertere: quod vocant rustici sestertium,

Col. Arb. 1, 5 (for which:

siccus ager bipalio subigi debet, quae est altitudo pastinationis, cum in duos pedes et semissem convertitur humus,

id. ib. 3, 5, 3).

vĭrītim, adv. [vir], man by man, to each one separately, singly, individually (used only with distrib. numerals, never with card.; v. infra).

Lit.:

viritim dicitur dari, quod datur per singulos viros. Cato: praeda, quae capta est, viritim divisa,

Fest. p. 378 Müll.:

qui legem de agro Gallico viritim dividendo tulit,

Cic. Brut. 14, 57; cf. Suet. Tib. 76:

viritim dispertire aliquid populo,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 26:

distribuere pecus,

Caes. B. G. 7, 71:

dare tricenos nummos cohortibus,

Tac. A. 1, 8:

populi viritim deleti,

one and all, all together, Plin. 6, 7, 7, § 22.—

Transf., each by itself, singly, separately, individually (not in Cic.):

in universum de ventis diximus: nunc viritim incipiamus illos discutere,

Sen. Q. N. 5, 7, 1; cf. Col. 1, 9, 6:

possum donare sapienti, quod viritim meum est,

Sen. Ben. 7, 6, 2:

ex his, quae viritim ei serviunt,

id. ib. 7, 7, 4:

dimicare,

Curt. 7, 4, 33:

commonefacere beneficii sui,

Sall. J. 49, 4: prompta studia, separately (with nondum aperta consensione), Tac. A. 3, 43:

legere terereque,

Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 92.