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1 Sotades
Sōtădes, is, m., = Sôtadês, an obscene Greek poet, Mart. 2, 86, 2.—Hence,A.Sō-tădēus, a, um, adj., of or in the manner of Sotades:B.versus,
Quint. 9, 4, 90; cf. id. 9, 4, 6; 1, 8, 6; Ter. Maur. pp. 2415 and 2446 P.; Aus. Ep. 14, 29.—Sōtădĭcus, a, um, adj., Sotadic:versus,
Plin. Ep. 5, 3, 2. — Absol.: L. Attius in Sotadicorum libro, Sotadic verses, Geli. 7, 9, 16. -
2 Sotades
Sōtadēs, is m.Сотад, уроженец Маронеи (Фракия), живший в Александрии (первая половина III в. до н. э.) греч. поэт. писавший на ионическом диалекте непристойные стихи M -
3 Sotades
Sōtadēs, ae, m. (Σωτάδης), ein Dichter, Verfertiger von Versen, die rückwärts gelesen einen unzüchtigen Sinn gaben, Mart. 2, 86, 2. – Dav.: A) Sōtadēus, a, um, sotadëisch, metrum, Ter. Maur.: versus, Quint. u.a. – B) Sōtadicus, a, um, sotadisch, metrum, Gramm. – Plur. subst., Sōtadici, ōrum, m. (sc. versus), sotadische Verse, Sotadicos intellego, Plin. ep. 5, 3, 2: in Sotadicorum libro I., Gell. 7, 9, 16.
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4 Sotades
Sōtadēs, ae, m. (Σωτάδης), ein Dichter, Verfertiger von Versen, die rückwärts gelesen einen unzüchtigen Sinn gaben, Mart. 2, 86, 2. – Dav.: A) Sōtadēus, a, um, sotadëisch, metrum, Ter. Maur.: versus, Quint. u.a. – B) Sōtadicus, a, um, sotadisch, metrum, Gramm. – Plur. subst., Sōtadici, ōrum, m. (sc. versus), sotadische Verse, Sotadicos intellego, Plin. ep. 5, 3, 2: in Sotadicorum libro I., Gell. 7, 9, 16. -
5 Sotadeus
Sōtădes, is, m., = Sôtadês, an obscene Greek poet, Mart. 2, 86, 2.—Hence,A.Sō-tădēus, a, um, adj., of or in the manner of Sotades:B.versus,
Quint. 9, 4, 90; cf. id. 9, 4, 6; 1, 8, 6; Ter. Maur. pp. 2415 and 2446 P.; Aus. Ep. 14, 29.—Sōtădĭcus, a, um, adj., Sotadic:versus,
Plin. Ep. 5, 3, 2. — Absol.: L. Attius in Sotadicorum libro, Sotadic verses, Geli. 7, 9, 16. -
6 Sotadicus
Sōtădes, is, m., = Sôtadês, an obscene Greek poet, Mart. 2, 86, 2.—Hence,A.Sō-tădēus, a, um, adj., of or in the manner of Sotades:B.versus,
Quint. 9, 4, 90; cf. id. 9, 4, 6; 1, 8, 6; Ter. Maur. pp. 2415 and 2446 P.; Aus. Ep. 14, 29.—Sōtădĭcus, a, um, adj., Sotadic:versus,
Plin. Ep. 5, 3, 2. — Absol.: L. Attius in Sotadicorum libro, Sotadic verses, Geli. 7, 9, 16. -
7 Sotadicus
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8 χλόη
χλόη, ης, u. χλόα, ας, ἡ, auch ion. χλοίη, ἡ, der erste grüngelbe Pflanzentrieb, der junge Keim, bes. die junge Saat, junges Gras od. Kraut; εἰς λειμώνων χλόην καϑεῖμεν αὐτάς Eur. I. A. 422, u. öfter; Her. 4, 34; den καρποί entgegengesetzt Plat. Tim. 80 e; ῥιζῶν ἢ χλόης Critia. 115 a; χλόης γενομένης ἀπὸ τοῦ σπέρματος, vom ersten Aufgehen der Saat, Xen. Oec. 17, 10. – Bei den Dichtern auch das junge Grün der Bäume, u. übh. das Laub, ἀμπέλου βοτρυώδει χλόῃ Eur. Bacch. 12, γλαυκή Suppl. 270, u. Sp. – Demeter selbst, die Beschützerinn der Saat, heißt auch χλόη, Ath. XIV, 618 u. A. S. auch nom. pr. – Vielleicht mit χλίω verwandt. – Von dem Grünzeuge, das an die Speisen genommen wird, Sotades u. Dorion bei Ath. VI, 293 b.
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9 χῡμίον
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10 κιναιδο-λογέω
κιναιδο-λογέω, von unzüchtigen Dingen sprechen, Strab. XIV, 648, vom Sotades.
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11 κεντρον
τό1) кентр, стрекало(κέντρῳ ἐπισπέρχειν Hom.; κέντρα ἡνιοχικὰ καὴ μάστιξ Plat.)
πρὸς κέντρα λακτίζειν погов. Pind., Soph. etc. — лягать стрекала, т.е. идти против рожна2) колющее орудие, игла, скорпион ( орудие пытки) Her.3) pl. уколы, мучения(κέντρα καὴ ὀδύναι Plat.)
4) жало (sc. μελίττης Plat.; ἐντόμων Arst.; sc. τοῦ σκορπίου NT.; τῷ κέντρῳ κεντεῖν Arph.)εἴς τινα κέντρα ἀφιέναι κακά Eur. — злобно бранить кого-л.
5) кончик, острие(τοῦ στροβίλου Plat.)
7) срединная точка, средоточие, центрκύκλον κέντρῳ περι γράφειν Plut. — описать окружность из центра8) побудительное начало, побуждение, желание, страстьκ. ἐμοῦ Soph. — желание увидеться со мной;
τῆς ἐχθίστης θεῶν δηχθεῖσα κέντροις Eur. — (Федра), уязвленная побуждениями самой ненавистной из богинь, т.е. соблазненная Афродитой;ἐκπεπληγμένη κέντροις ἔρωτος Eur. — терзаемая любовными страстями;κ. ἐγερτικὸν θυμοῦ Plut. — волнующее душу начало, возбуждающая сила -
12 παραλυτρόομαι
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > παραλυτρόομαι
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13 δῶρον
δῶρον, ου, τό (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; En 100:12; Test12 Patr; JosAs 7:4; EpArist, Philo; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 207; Just., D. 28, 4.—Philostrat., Vi. Soph. 2, 10, 7 [589] distinguishes betw. δωρεά [special grant or privilege] and δῶρον [material gift]) gift, present. Of gifts in general: προσφέρειν δ. bring gifts (cp. Gen 43:26; Did., Gen. 228, 1 10: αὐτὴν ὡς δῶρον) Mt 2:11; cp. ἐξἐβαλον ἀπὸ τῆς πήρας αὐτῶν δῶρα χρυσόν … they took a gift of gold out of their traveling bag GJs 21:3; δῶρα πέμπειν ἀλλήλοις send gifts to each other Rv 11:10. Of God’s gifts (Hom. et al.; Sotades Lyr. [III B.C.] 9, 7 p. 242 Coll.; oracular saying Diod S 8, 18, 1; Strabo 16, 2, 35; Herm. Wr. 10, 9; EpArist 231; 272; Philo, Congr. Erud. Gr. 38; Did., Gen. 161, 2) 1 Cl 35:1; w. ἐπαγγελίαι Hv 3, 2, 1; καὶ τοῦτο οὐκ ἐξ ὑμῶν, θεοῦ τὸ δ. and you have not done this of your own strength; it is a gift of God Eph 2:8. Of sacrificial gifts and offerings (Pla., Euthphr. 15a; SIG 1141; 1154 Διὶ δ.; OGI 407, 4; Just., D. 28, 4) Hb 11:4; 1 Cl 4:2 (Gen 4:4); GJs 7:1. εἰς τὰ δ. βάλλειν cast into the gifts (i.e. those already in the offering receptacle) Lk 21:4; cp. vs. 1. προσφέρειν τὸ δ. bring one’s offering (Lev. 1:2, 14; 2:1, 4 and oft.; TestIss 5:3) Mt 5:23f; 8:4; Hb 5:1; 8:3f; 9:9 (w. θυσίαι as Lev 21:6; cp. EpArist 234); GJs 1:1f; 5:1; cp. 1 Cl 44:4. ἀφιέναι τὸ δ. leave one’s offering Mt 5:24; δ. as transl. of קָרְבָּן (Jos., Ant. 4, 73, C. Ap. 1, 167) Mk 7:11; cp. Mt 15:5; ἁγιάζειν τὸ δ. sanctify the offering 23:19; cp. vs. 18. Of a child consecrated for temple service προσάξω (αὐτὸ) δῶρον Κυρίῳ τῷ θεῷ μου GJs 4:1 (cp. 1 Km 1:11).—V.l. for λόγον Qua (1).—DELG s.v. δίδωμι B. M-M. TW. -
14 θέλω
θέλω (s. prec. two entries; on its relation to the Attic ἐθέλω, which is not found in NT, LXX, En, TestSol, TestAbr, TestJob, Test12Patr, GrBar, JosAs, ParJer, ApcEsdr, ApcMos, AscIs, s. Kühner-Bl. I 187f; II 408f; B-D-F §101 p. 45; Mlt-H. 88; 189; Rob. 205f. θέλω is found since 250 B.C. in the Attic ins [Meisterhans3-Schw. p. 178; Threatte II 637f], likew. quite predom. in the pap [Mayser I2/2, ’38, 119]; LXX, En, TestSol, TestAbr, TestJob, Test12Patr; GrBar 13:1; JosAs 23:7; ApcSed; AscIs 3:23; Jos., Ant. 18, 144, C. Ap. 2, 192; apolog., exc. Mel. [but s. ἐθέλω]) impf. ἤθελον; fut. θελήσω Rv 11:5 v.l.; 1 aor. ἠθέλησα ([ἤθελα TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 2: Stone p. 12] on the augment s. B-D-F §66, 3; Mlt-H. 188); pf. 2 sg. τεθέληκας Ps 40:11; 1 aor. pass. subj. θεληθῶ IRo 8:1. ‘Wish’.① to have a desire for someth., wish to have, desire, want τὶ someth. (on the difference betw. θ. and βούλομαι s. the latter) (Diogenes the Cynic, Fgm. 2: Trag. Gr. p. 809 Nauck2; Sotades [280 B.C.: not the comic poet] in Stob. 3, 1, 66 t. III p. 27, 5 H.; πάντα θέλων Theocr. 14, 11 πάντα, πᾶν ὅ ἐὰν θελήσωμεν, ποιήσωμεν En 97:9) Mt 20:21; Mk 14:36 (DDaube, A Prayer Pattern in Judaism, TU 73, ’59, 539–45); Lk 5:39; J 15:7; 1 Cor 4:21; 2 Cor 11:12. W. pres. inf. foll. τί πάλιν θέλετε ἀκούειν; why do you want to hear (it) again? J 9:27a. εἰ θέλεις τέλειος εἶναι Mt 19:21 (Lucian, Dial. Deor. 2, 2 εἰ ἐθέλεις ἐπέραστος εἶναι). ἤθελεν ἀπολογεῖσθαι wished to make a defense Ac 19:33. ἤθελον παρεῖναι πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἄρτι I wish I were with you now Gal 4:20. ἤθελον I would like w. aor. inf. (Epict. 1, 29, 38; PLond III, 897, 20 p. 207 [84 A.D.]); Hv 3, 8, 6; 3, 11, 4 (s. B-D-F §359, 2; cp. Rob. 923). θέλω w. aor. inf. foll. also occurs Mt 5:40; 12:38; 16:25; 19:17; Mk 10:43; Lk 8:20; 23:8; J 12:21 (Diog. L. 6, 34 ξένων δέ ποτε θεάσασθαι θελόντων Δημοσθένην); Ac 25:9b; 2 Cor 11:32 v.l.; Gal 3:2; Js 2:20 (cp. Seneca, Ep. 47, 10: vis tu cogitare); 1 Pt 3:10; B 7:11 (Ar. 13:5; Just., D. 8:4; Tat. 19, 2; Ath. 32, 1). Abs., though the inf. is to be supplied fr. the context: Mt 17:12 (sc. ποιῆσαι); 27:15; Mk 9:13; J 21:18. Foll. by acc. w. inf. Mk 7:24; Lk 1:62; J 21:22f; Ac 16:3; Ro 16:19; 1 Cor 7:7, 32; 14:5; Gal 6:13 (Just., D. 6, 2; Tat. 19, 3). Negative οὐ θέλω (other moods take μή as neg.) I do not wish, I am not willing, I will not foll. by acc. (Just., D. 28, 4 περιτομήν) and aor. inf. Mt 23:4; Lk 19:14, 27; 1 Cor 10:20; IRo 2:1. οὐ θέλω (θέλομεν) ὑμᾶς ἀγνοεῖν I do not wish you to be ignorant = I want you to know (BGU 27, 5 and PGiss 11, 4 [118 A.D.] γινώσκειν σε θέλω ὅτι) Ro 1:13; 11:25; 1 Cor 10:1; 12:1; 2 Cor 1:8; 1 Th 4:13. W. ἵνα foll. (Epict. 1, 18, 14; 2, 7, 8) Mt 7:12; Mk 6:25; 9:30; 10:35; Lk 6:31; J 17:24 (on Mt 7:12=Lk 6:31 [w. inf. αὐτοῖς γίνεσθαι Ar. 15, 5] s. LPhilippidis, D. ‘Goldene Regel’ religionsgesch. untersucht 1929, Religionswissensch. Forschungsberichte über die ‘goldene Regel’ ’33; GKing, The ‘Negative’ Golden Rule, JR 8, 1928, 268–79; ADihle, D. Goldene Regel, ’62; Betz, SM ad loc.). Foll. by aor. subj. (deliberative subj.; s. Kühner-G. I 221f; B-D-F §366, 3; 465, 2; Rob. 935; Epict. 3, 2, 14 θέλεις σοι εἴπω;=‘do you wish me to tell you?’; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 14 III, 6 καὶ σοὶ [=σὺ] λέγε τίνος θέλεις κατηγορήσω) θέλεις συλλέξωμεν αὐτά; do you want us to gather them? Mt 13:28; θέλις χαλκέα ἄγωμεν; do you want us to bring a smith? AcPl Ha 3, 5. τί θέλετε ποιήσω ὑμῖν; what do you want me to do for you? Mt 20:32 (cp. Plautus, Merc. 1, 2, 49 [ln. 159]: quid vis faciam?); cp. 26:17; 27:17, 21; Mk 10:36 (CTurner, JTS 28, 1927, 357; AHiggins, ET 52, ’41, 317f), 51; 14:12; 15:9, 12 v.l.; Lk 9:54; 18:41; 22:9. W. ἤ foll.: I would rather … than … or instead of (Trypho Alex. [I B.C.], Fgm. 23 [AvVelsen 1853] = Gramm. Gr. II/2 p. 43, 10 περιπατεῖν θέλω ἤπερ ἑστάναι; Epict. 3, 22, 53; BGU 846, 15 [II A.D.] θέλω πηρὸς γενέσθαι, ἢ γνῶναι, ὅπως ἀνθρώπῳ ἔτι ὀφείλω ὀβολόν; 2 Macc 14:42; Just., A I, 15, 8) 1 Cor 14:19. W. εἰ foll. (Is 9:4f; Sir 23:14) τί θέλω εἰ ἤδη ἀνήφθη how I wish it were already kindled! Lk 12:49.② to have someth. in mind for oneself, of purpose, resolve, will, wish, want, be ready (cp. Pla., Ap. 41a) to do τὶ someth. Ro 7:15f, 19f (Epict. 2, 26, 1 of one who errs ὸ̔ μὲν θέλει οὐ ποιεῖ what he resolves he does not do; cp. also 2, 26, 2; 4 and s. on ποιέω 2e; Ar. 9, 1 εἰ θελήσομεν ἐπεξελθεῖν τῷ λόγῳ; Just., D. 2, 2 θέλω εἰπεῖν); 1 Cor 7:36; Gal 5:17. W. aor. inf. foll. (Judg 20:5) Mt 11:14; 20:14; 23:37; 26:15. ἤθελεν παρελθεῖν αὐτούς he was ready to pass by them Mk 6:48 (CTurner, JTS 28, 1927, 356). Ἡρῴδης θέλει σε ἀποκτεῖναι Herod wants to kill you Lk 13:31. Cp. J 1:43. ὑμεῖς δὲ ἠθελήσετε ἀγαλλιασθῆναι you were minded to rejoice 5:35; 6:21; 7:44; Ac 25:9a; Gal 4:9; Col 1:27; 1 Th 2:18; Rv 11:5. Also pres. inf. (2 Esdr 11:11) J 6:67; 7:17; 8:44; Ac 14:13; 17:18; Ro 7:21; 2 Cl 6:1; B 4:9. Abs., but w. the inf. supplied fr. the context Mt 8:2 (cp. what was said to the physician in Epict. 3, 10, 15 ἐὰν σὺ θέλῃς, κύριε, καλῶς ἕξω); Mk 3:13; 6:22; J 5:21; Ro 9:18ab; Rv 11:6. τί οὖν θέλετε, κρίνατε AcPl Ha 1, 26. W. acc. and inf. foll. 1 Cl 36:2.—Abs. ὁ θέλων the one who wills Ro 9:16. τοῦ θεοῦ θέλοντος if it is God’s will (Jos., Ant. 7, 373; PMich 211, 4 τοῦ Σεράπιδος θέλοντος; PAmh 131, 5 ἐλπίζω θεῶν θελόντων διαφεύξεσθαι; PGiss 18, 10; BGU 423, 18 τῶν θεῶν θελόντων; 615, 4f; Ar. 7, 1 μὴ θέλοντος αὐτοῦ) Ac 18:21. Also ἐὰν ὁ κύριος θελήσῃ (Pla., Phd. 80d; Ps.-Pla., Alcib. 1 p. 135d; Demosth. 4, 7; 25, 2 ἂν θεὸς θέλῃ; Ps.-Demetr., Form. Ep. 11, 12 ἐὰν οἱ θεοὶ θ.; PPetr I, 2, 3; Just., D. 5, 3 ἔστʼ ἂν ὁ θεὸς θέλῃ) 1 Cor 4:19; cp. Js 4:15; 1 Cl 21:9. ὅτε θέλει καὶ ὡς θέλει 27:5 (cp. BGU 27, 11 ὡς ὁ θεὸς ἤθελεν). καθὼς ἠθέλησεν (i.e. ὁ θεός) 1 Cor 12:18; 15:38 (Hymn to Isis: SEG VIII, 549, 19f [I B.C.] πᾶσι μερίζεις οἷσι θέλεις). Cp. εἰ θέλοι τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ= if God so wills it 1 Pt 3:17 (v.l. θέλει; on fluctuation of opt. and ind. in the ms. tradition, cp. Soph., Antig. 1032). οὐ θέλω I will not, do not propose, am not willing, do not want w. pres. inf. foll. (Gen 37:35; Is 28:12; Tat. 4:2 al.) J 7:1; 2 Th 3:10; 2 Cl 13:1. W. aor. inf. foll. (2 Km 23:16; Jer 11:10) Mt 2:18 (cp. Jer 38:15); 15:32; 22:3; Mk 6:26; Lk 15:28; J 5:40; Ac 7:39; 1 Cor 16:7; Dg 10:7 al. Abs., but w. the inf. to be supplied fr. the context Mt 18:30; Lk 18:4. οὐ θέλω I prefer not to Mt 21:29. AcPl Ha 3, 6; 7, 3.—Of purpose, opp. ἐνεργεῖν Phil 2:13. Opp. κατεργάζεσθαι Ro 7:18. Opp. ποιεῖν 2 Cor 8:10 (s. Betz, 2 Cor 64). Opp. πράσσειν Ro 7:15, 19.③ to take pleasure in, likeⓐ w. inf. foll.: to do someth. Mk 12:38 (later in the same sentence w. acc.; cp. b τὶ); Lk 20:46 (w. φιλεῖν).ⓑ τινά (Gorgias: Vorsokr. 82 Fgm. 29 [in the Gnomolog. Vatic. 166, s. WienerStud. 10, p. 36] τοῖς μνηστῆρσιν, οἳ Πηνελόπην θέλοντες …; Vi. Aesopi W 31 P. θέλω αὐτήν; Ps 40:12; Tob 13:8; ParJer 8:2 ὁ θέλων τὸν κύριον) Mt 27:43 (Ps 21:9); IMg 3:2. τὶ (Epict. 1, 4, 27; Ezk 18:32) Mt 9:13; 12:7 (both Hos 6:6); Hb 10:5, 8 (both Ps 39:7). ἔν τινι (neut.: TestAsh 1:6 v.l. ἐὰν ἡ ψυχὴ θέλῃ ἐν καλῷ; Ps 111:1; 146:10; masc.: 1 Km 18:22; 2 Km 15:26; 3 Km 10:9) θέλων ἐν ταπεινοφροσύνῃ taking pleasure in humility Col 2:18 (Augustine, Ep. 149, 27 [MPL 33, 641f]; AFridrichsen, ZNW 21, 1922, 135f; s. B-D-F §148, 2 and R. §148, 2).④ to have an opinion, maintain contrary to the true state of affairs (Paus. 1, 4, 6 Ἀρκάδες ἐθέλουσιν εἶναι; 8, 36, 2; Herodian 5, 3, 5 εἰκόνα ἡλίου ἀνέργαστον εἶναι θέλουσιν) λανθάνει αὐτοὺς τοῦτο θέλοντας in maintaining this it escapes them (=they forget) 2 Pt 3:5. Of the devil [θεὸς] θέλων εἶναι AcPlCor 2:11.—HRiesenfeld, Zum Gebrauch von θέλω im NT: Arbeiten … aus dem neutestamentlichen Seminar zu Uppsala 1, ’36, 1–8; AWifstrand, Die griech. Verba für ‘wollen’: Eranos 40, ’42.⑤ τί θέλει τοῦτο εἶναι; what can this mean? Ac 2:12; cp. 17:20; Lk 15:26 D.—B. 1160. DELG s.v. ἐθέλω. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
15 κόσμος
κόσμος, ου, ὁ (Hom.+)① that which serves to beautify through decoration, adornment, adorning (Hom.+; Diod S 20, 4, 5 τῶν γυναικῶν τὸν κόσμον; OGI 531, 13; SIG 850, 10; IMaronIsis 41; PEleph 1, 4; PSI 240, 12 γυναικεῖον κόσμον; LXX; TestJud 12:1; JosAs 2:6 al.; Philo, Migr. Abr. 97 γυναικῶν κ.; Jos., Ant. 1, 250; 15, 5; Just., A II, 11, 4f) of women’s attire, etc. ὁ ἔξωθεν … κόσμος external adorning 1 Pt 3:3 (Vi. Hom. 4 of the inward adornment of a woman, beside σωφροσύνη; Crates, Ep. 9; Pythag., Ep. 11, 1; Plut., Mor. 141e; on the topic of external adornment cp. SIG 736, 15–26).② condition of orderliness, orderly arrangement, order (Hom. et al.; s. HDiller, Die vorphilosophische Gebrauch von κ. und κοσμεῖν: BSnell Festschr., ’56, 47–60) μετὰ κόσμου in order Dg 12:9 (text uncertain; s. μετακόσμιος).③ the sum total of everything here and now, the world, the (orderly) universe, in philosophical usage (so, acc. to Plut., Mor. 886b, as early as Pythagoras; certainly Heraclitus, Fgm. 66; Pla., Gorg. 508a, Phdr. 246c; Chrysipp., Fgm. 527 v. Arnim κόσμος σύστημα ἐξ οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς καὶ τῶν ἐν τούτοις περιεχομένων φύσεων. Likew. Posidonius in Diog. L. 7, 138; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 2 p. 391b, 9ff; 2 and 4 Macc; Wsd; EpArist 254; Philo, Aet. M. 4; Jos., Ant. 1, 21; Test12Patr; SibOr 7, 123; AssMos Fgm. b Denis [=Tromp p. 272]; Just., A I, 20, 2 al.; Ath. 19, 2 al.; Orig., C. Cels. 4, 68, 14; Did., Gen. 36, 7; 137, 13.—The other philosoph. usage, in which κ. denotes the heaven in contrast to the earth, is prob. without mng. for our lit. [unless perh. Phil 2:15 κ.=‘sky’?]). ἡ ἀέναος τοῦ κ. σύστασις the everlasting constitution of the universe 1 Cl 60:1 (cp. OGI 56, 48 εἰς τὸν ἀέναον κ.). Sustained by four elements Hv 3, 13, 3. πρὸ τοῦ τὸν κ. εἶναι before the world existed J 17:5. ἀπὸ καταβολῆς [κόσμου] from the beginning of the world Mt 13:35; 25:34; Lk 11:50; Hb 4:3; 9:26; Rv 13:8; 17:8. Also ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς κ. Mt 24:21 or ἀπὸ κτίσεως κ. Ro 1:20.—B 5:5 ἀπὸ καταβ. κ. evidently means at the foundation of the world (s. Windisch, Hdb. ad loc.). πρὸ καταβολῆς κ. before the foundation of the world J 17:24; Eph 1:4; 1 Pt 1:20 (on the uses w. καταβολή s. that word, 1). οὐδὲν εἴδωλον ἐν κ. no idol has any real existence in the universe (Twentieth Century NT) 1 Cor 8:4. Of the creation in its entirety 3:22. ὁ κόσμος ὅλος = πᾶσα ἡ κτίσις (Sallust. 21 p. 36, 13; TestSol 5:7; TestJob 33:4) Hs 9, 2, 1; 9, 14, 5. φωστῆρες ἐν κόσμῳ stars in the universe Phil 2:15 (s. above). Esp. of the universe as created by God (Epict 4, 7, 6 ὁ θεὸς πάντα πεποίηκεν, τὰ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν κόσμον ὅλον; Wsd 9:9; 2 Macc 7:23 ὁ τοῦ κ. κτίστης; 4 Macc 5:25; Just., A I, 59, 1 al.; Ath. 8, 2 al.) ὁ ποιήσας τὸν κ. who has made the world Ac 17:24. ὁ κτίστης τοῦ σύμπαντος κ. 1 Cl 19:2; ὁ κτίσας τὸν κ. Hv 1, 3, 4; cp. m 12, 4, 2. ὁ τοῦ παντὸς κ. κυριεύων B 21:5. οὐδʼ εἶναι τὸν κόσμον θεοῦ ἀλλὰ ἀγγέλων AcPlCor 1:15. Christ is called παντὸς τοῦ κ. κύριος 5:5; and the κ. owes its origin to his agency J 1:10b. The world was created for the sake of the church Hv 2, 4, 1.—The universe, as the greatest space conceivable, is not able to contain someth. (Philo, Ebr. 32) J 21:25.④ the sum total of all beings above the level of the animals, the world, as θέατρον ἐγενήθημεν (i.e. οἱ ἀπόστολοι) τῷ κόσμῳ καὶ ἀγγέλοις καὶ ἀνθρώποις 1 Cor 4:9. Here the world is divided into angels and humans (cp. the Stoic definition of the κόσμος in Stob., Ecl. I p. 184, 8 τὸ ἐκ θεῶν καὶ ἀνθρώπων σύστημα; likew. Epict 1, 9, 4.—Acc. to Ocellus Luc. 37, end, the κ. consists of the sphere of the divine beyond the moon and the sphere of the earthly on this side of the moon).⑤ planet earth as a place of inhabitation, the world (SIG 814, 31 [67 A.D.] Nero, ὁ τοῦ παντὸς κόσμου κύριος; the meaning of the birthday of Augustus for the world OGI 458, 40 [=IPriene 105]; 2 Macc 3:12; Jos., Ant. 9, 241; 10, 205; Orig., C. Cels. 4, 68)ⓐ gener. Mk 16:15. τὰς βασιλείας τοῦ κ. Mt 4:8; ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ κ. 26:13. Cp. 13:38 (cp. Hs 5, 5, 2); Mk 14:9; Hs 9, 25, 2. τὸ φῶς τοῦ κ. τούτου the light of this world (the sun) J 11:9. In rhetorical exaggeration ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν καταγγέλλεται ἐν ὅλῳ τ. κόσμῳ Ro 1:8 (cp. the Egypt. grave ins APF 5, 1913, 169 no. 24, 8 ὧν ἡ σωφροσύνη κατὰ τὸν κ. λελάληται). Abraham as κληρονόμος κόσμου heir of the world 4:13.—Cp. 1 Cor 14:10; Col 1:6. ἡ ἐν τῷ κ. ἀδελφότης the brotherhood in the (whole) world 1 Pt 5:9. ἐγένετο ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ κ. τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν our Lord has assumed the sovereignty of the world Rv 11:15. τὰ ἔθνη τοῦ κ. (not LXX, but prob. rabbinic אֻמּוֹת הָעוֹלָם=humankind apart fr. Israel; Billerb. II 191; Dalman, Worte 144f) the unconverted in the world Lk 12:30. In this line of development, κόσμος alone serves to designate the polytheistic unconverted world Ro 11:12, 15.—Other worlds (lands) beyond the ocean 1 Cl 20:8.—Many of these pass. bear the connotation ofⓑ the world as the habitation of humanity (as SibOr 1, 160). So also Hs 9, 17, 1f. εἰσέρχεσθαι εἰς τὸν κ. of entrance into the world by being born 1 Cl 38:3. ἐκ τοῦ κ. ἐξελθεῖν leave this present world (Philo, Leg. All. 3, 5 ἔξω τ. κόσμου φεύγειν; s. ἐξέρχομαι 5; cp. Hippol., Ref. 5, 16, 7) 1 Cor 5:10b; 2 Cl 8:3. γεννηθῆναι εἰς τὸν κ. be born into the world J 16:21. ἕως ἐσμὲν ἐν τούτῳ τῷ κ. 2 Cl 8:2. οὐδὲν εἰσφέρειν εἰς τὸν κ. (Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 294 τὸν μηδὲν εἰς τὸν κόσμον εἰσενηνοχότα) 1 Ti 6:7 (Pol 4:1). πολλοὶ πλάνοι ἐξῆλθον εἰς τὸν κ. 2J 7.—ἐν τῷ κόσμω τούτῳ J 12:25 (κ. need not here be understood as an entity hostile to God, but the transition to the nuance in 7b, below, is signalled by the term that follows: ζωὴν αἰώνιον). ἵνα εἰς κόσμον προέλθῃ AcPlCor 2:6.ⓒ earth, world in contrast to heaven (Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 59; Iren., 1, 4, 2 [Harv. I 35, 5]; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 15, 24) ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ τούτῳ 2 Cl 19:3.—Esp. when mention is made of the preexistent Christ, who came fr. another world into the κόσμος. So, above all, in John (Bultmann, index I κόσμος) ἔρχεσθαι εἰς τὸν κ. (τοῦτον) J 6:14; 9:39; 11:27; 16:28a; 18:37; specif. also come into the world as light 12:46; cp. 1:9; 3:19. Sending of Jesus into the world 3:17a; 10:36; 17:18; 1J 4:9. His εἶναι ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ J 1:10a; 9:5a; 17:12 v.l. Leaving the world and returning to the Father 13:1a; 16:28b. Cp. 14:19; 17:11a. His kingship is not ἐκ τοῦ κ. τούτου of this world i.e. not derived from the world or conditioned by its terms and evaluations 18:36ab.—Also Χρ. Ἰησοῦς ἦλθεν εἰς τ. κόσμον 1 Ti 1:15; cp. ἐπιστεύθη ἐν κόσμῳ (opp. ἀνελήμφθη ἐν δόξῃ) 3:16.—εἰσερχόμενος εἰς τὸν κ. Hb 10:5.ⓓ the world outside in contrast to one’s home PtK 3 p. 15, 13; 19.⑥ humanity in general, the world (TestAbr B 8 p. 113, 11 [Stone p. 74]; ApcEsdr 3:6 p. 27, 14; SibOr 1, 189; Just., A I, 39, 3 al.)ⓐ gener. οὐαὶ τῷ κ. ἀπὸ τῶν σκανδάλων woe to humankind because of the things that cause people to sin Mt 18:7; τὸ φῶς τοῦ κ. the light for humanity 5:14; cp. J 8:12; 9:5. ὁ σωτὴρ τοῦ κ. 4:42; 1J 4:14 (this designation is found in inscriptions, esp. oft. of Hadrian [WWeber, Untersuchungen z. Geschichte des Kaisers Hadrianus 1907, 225; 226; 229]).—J 1:29; 3:17b; 17:6.—κρίνειν τὸν κ. (SibOr 4, 184; TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 11 [Stone p. 32]; ApcMos 37) of God, Christ J 12:47a; Ro 3:6; B 4:12; cp. Ro 3:19. Of believers 1 Cor 6:2ab (cp. Sallust. 21 p. 36, 13 the souls of the virtuous, together w. the gods, will rule the whole κόσμος). Of Noah διʼ ἧς (sc. πίστεως) κατέκρινεν τὸν κ. Hb 11:7. ἡ ἁμαρτία εἰς τὸν κ. εἰσῆλθεν Ro 5:12; likew. θάνατος εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν κ. 1 Cl 3:4 (Wsd 2:24; 14:14). Cp. Ro 5:13; 1 Cor 1:27f. περικαθάρματα τοῦ κ. the refuse of humanity 4:13. Of persons before conversion ἄθεοι ἐν τῷ κ. Eph 2:12.—2 Cor 1:12; 5:19; Js 2:5; 1J 2:2; 4:1, 3. ἀρχαῖος κόσμος the people of the ancient world 2 Pt 2:5a; cp. vs. 5b; 3:6. Of pers. of exceptional merit: ὧν οὐκ ἦν ἄξιος ὁ κ. of whom the world was not worthy Hb 11:38.—ὅλος ὁ κ. all the world, everybody Ac 2:47 D; 1 Cl 5:7; cp. ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ κ. 59:2; εἰς ὅλον τὸν κ. Hs 8, 3, 2. Likew. ὁ κόσμος (cp. Philo, De Prov. in Eus., PE 8, 14, 58) ὁ κ. ὀπίσω αὐτοῦ ἀπῆλθεν J 12:19. ταῦτα λαλῶ εἰς τὸν κ. 8:26; ἐν τῷ κ. 17:13; ἐγὼ παρρησίᾳ λελάληκα τῷ κ. 18:20; cp. 7:4; 14:22. ἵνα γνῷ ὁ κ. 14:31; cp. 17:23; ἵνα ὁ κ. πιστεύῃ 17:21.ⓑ of all humanity, but especially of believers, as the object of God’s love J 3:16, 17c; 6:33, 51; 12:47b.⑦ the system of human existence in its many aspects, the worldⓐ as scene of earthly joys, possessions, cares, sufferings (cp. 4 Macc 8:23) τὸν κ. ὅλον κερδῆσαι gain the whole world Mt 16:26; Mk 8:36; Lk 9:25; 2 Cl 6:2 (cp. Procop. Soph., Ep. 137 the whole οἰκουμένη is an unimportant possession compared to ἀρετή). τὰ τερπνὰ τοῦ κ. the delightful things in the world IRo 6:1. οἱ χρώμενοι τὸν κ. ὡς μὴ καταχρώμενοι those who use the world as though they had no use of it or those who deal with the world as having made no deals with it 1 Cor 7:31a. ἔχειν τὸν βίον τοῦ κ. possess worldly goods 1J 3:17. τὰ τοῦ κόσμου the affairs of the world 1 Cor 7:33f; cp. 1J 2:15f. The latter pass. forms an easy transition to the large number of exprs. (esp. in Paul and John) in whichⓑ the world, and everything that belongs to it, appears as that which is hostile to God, i.e. lost in sin, wholly at odds w. anything divine, ruined and depraved (Herm. Wr. 6, 4 [the κόσμος is τὸ πλήρωμα τῆς κακίας]; 13, 1 [ἡ τοῦ κ. ἀπάτη], in Stob. p. 428, 24 Sc.; En 48:7; TestIss 4:6; AscIs 3:25; Hdb., exc. on J 1:10; Bultmann ad loc.—cp. Sotades Maronita [III B.C.] 11 Diehl: the κόσμος is unjust and hostile to great men) IMg 5:2; IRo 2:2. ὁ κόσμος οὗτος this world (in contrast to the heavenly realm) J 8:23; 12:25, 31a; 13:1; 16:11; 18:36; 1J 4:17; 1 Cor 3:19; 5:10a; 7:31b; Hv 4, 3, 2ff; D 10:6; 2 Cl 5:1, 5; (opp. ὁ ἅγιος αἰών) B 10:11. ‘This world’ is ruled by the ἄρχων τοῦ κ. τούτου the prince of this world, the devil J 12:31b; 16:11; without τούτου 14:30. Cp. ὁ κ. ὅλος ἐν τῷ πονηρῷ κεῖται the whole world lies in the power of the evil one 1J 5:19; cp. 4:4; also ὁ αἰὼν τοῦ κ. τούτου Eph 2:2 (s. αἰών 4).—Christians must have nothing to do with this world of sin and separation fr. God: instead of desiring it IRo 7:1, one is to ἄσπιλον ἑαυτὸν τηρεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ κ. keep oneself untainted by the world Js 1:27. ἀποφεύγειν τὰ μιάσματα τοῦ κ. 2 Pt 2:20; cp. 1:4 (s. ἀποφεύγω 1).—Pol 5:3. ἡ φιλία τοῦ κ. ἔχθρα τ. θεοῦ ἐστιν Js 4:4a; cp. vs. 4b. When such an attitude is taken Christians are naturally hated by the world IRo 3:3; J 15:18, 19ad; 17:14a; 1J 3:13, as their Lord was hated J 7:7; 15:18; cp. 1:10c; 14:17; 16:20.—Also in Paul: God and world in opposition τὸ πνεῦμα τοῦ κ. and τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἐκ θεοῦ the spirit of the world and the spirit that comes fr. God 1 Cor 2:12; σοφία τοῦ κ. and σοφία τοῦ θεοῦ 1:20f. ἡ κατὰ θεὸν λύπη and ἡ τοῦ κ. λύπη godly grief and worldly grief 2 Cor 7:10. The world is condemned by God 1 Cor 11:32; yet also the object of the divine plan of salvation 2 Cor 5:19; cp. 1 Cl 7:4; 9:4. A Christian is dead as far as this world is concerned: διʼ οὗ (i.e. Ἰ. Χρ.) ἐμοὶ κ. ἐσταύρωται κἀγὼ κόσμῳ through Christ the world has been crucified for me, and I have been (crucified) to the world Gal 6:14; cp. the question τί ὡς ζῶντες ἐν κ. δογματίζεσθε; Col 2:20b. For στοιχεῖα τοῦ κ. Gal 4:3; Col 2:8, 20a s. στοιχεῖον.—The use of κ. in this sense is even further developed in John. The κ. stands in opposition to God 1J 2:15f and hence is incapable of knowing God J 17:25; cp. 1J 4:5, and excluded fr. Christ’s intercession J 17:9; its views refuted by the Paraclete 16:8. Neither Christ himself 17:14c, 16b; 14:27, nor his own 15:19b; 17:14b, 16a; 1J 3:1 belong in any way to the ‘world’. Rather Christ has chosen them ‘out of the world’ J 15:19c, even though for the present they must still live ‘in the world’ 17:11b; cp. 13:1b; 17:15, 18b. All the trouble that they must undergo because of this, 16:33a, means nothing compared w. the victorious conviction that Christ (and the believers w. him) has overcome ‘the world’ vs. 33b; 1J 5:4f, and that it is doomed to pass away 2:17 (TestJob 33:4; Kephal. I 154, 21: the κόσμος τῆς σαρκός will pass away).⑧ collective aspect of an entity, totality, sum total (SIG 850, 10 τὸν κόσμον τῶν ἔργων (but s. 1 above); Pr 17:6a) ὁ κ. τῆς ἀδικίας ἡ γλῶσσα καθίσταται the tongue becomes (or proves to be) the sum total of iniquity Js 3:6 (so, approx., Meinertz; FHauck.—MDibelius, Windisch and ASchlatter find mng. 7b here, whereas ACarr, Exp. 7th ser., 8, 1909, 318ff thinks of mng. 1). Χρ. τὸν ὑπὲρ τῆς τοῦ παντὸς κόσμου τῶν σῳζομένων σωτηρίας παθόντα Christ, who suffered or died (s. πάσχω 3aα) for the salvation of the sum total of those who are saved MPol 17:2.—FBytomski, D. genet. Entwicklung des Begriffes κόσμος in d. Hl. Schrift: Jahrb. für Philos. und spekul. Theol. 25, 1911, 180–201; 389–413 (only the OT); CSchneider, Pls u. d. Welt: Αγγελος IV ’32, 11–47; EvSchrenck, Der Kosmos-Begriff bei Joh.: Mitteilungen u. Nachrichten f. d. evang. Kirche in Russland 51, 1895, 1–29; RLöwe, Kosmos u. Aion ’35; RBultmann, D. Verständnis v. Welt u. Mensch im NT u. im Griechentum: ThBl 19, ’40, 1–14; GBornkamm, Christus u. die Welt in der urchr. Botschaft: ZTK 47, ’50, 212–26; ALesky, Kosmos ’63; RVölkl, Christ u. Welt nach dem NT ’61; GJohnston, οἰκουμένη and κ. in the NT: NTS 10, ’64, 352–60; NCassem, ibid. 19, ’72/73, 81–91; RBratcher, BT 31, ’80, 430–34.—B. 13; 440. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
16 κρίνω
κρίνω (s. κρίμα; Hom.+) fut. κρινῶ; 1 aor. ἔκρινα; pf. κέκρικα; plpf. 3 sg. κεκρίκει (on the lack of augment s. B-D-F §66, 1; W-S. §12, 4; Mlt-H. 190; ἐκεκρίκει Just., D. 102, 2). Pass.: impf. ἐκρινόμην; 1 fut. κριθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐκρίθην; pf. κέκριμαι. Primary mng.: ‘to set apart so as to distinguish, separate’, then by transference① to make a selection, select, prefer (Aeschyl., Suppl. 39 τὶ; Pla., Rep. 3, 399e κρίνειν τινὰ πρό τινος ‘prefer someone to someone’, cp. Phlb. 57e; Himerius, Or. 40 [=Or. 6], 3 κ. τί τινι=select someth. because of someth. [a place because of its size]; κ. τὸ πρακτέον καὶ μὴ πρακτέον Did., Gen. 27, 3) ὸ̔ς μὲν γὰρ κρίνει ἡμέραν παρʼ ἡμέραν the one prefers one day to another Ro 14:5a. In the other half of the sentence ὸ̔ς δὲ κρίνει πᾶσαν ἡμέραν, κ. prob. has the sense recognize, approve (X., Hell. 1, 7, 34 ἔκριναν τὴν τῆς βουλῆς γνώμην) the other holds every day in esteem vs. 5b. Closely associated is mng.② to pass judgment upon (and thereby seek to influence) the lives and actions of other peopleⓐ judge, pass judgment upon, express an opinion about Mt 7:1a, 2a; Lk 6:37a; 1 Cl 13:2; Pol 2:3 (Sextus 183 ὁ κρίνων ἄνθρωπον κρίνεται ὑπὸ τ. θεοῦ). κ. δικαίως D 4:3; B 19:11. κ. κατʼ ὄψιν by the outward appearance J 7:24a. κατὰ τὴν σάρκα 8:15. τὴν δικαίαν κρίσιν κ. pass a right judgment 7:24b (on the expr. cp. Dt 16:18). This is perh. the place for 1 Pt 4:6 ἵνα κριθῶσιν κατὰ ἀνθρ. (s. ESelwyn, comm. ad loc. ref. to Lghtf.; cp. Wsd 3:4).ⓑ esp. pass an unfavorable judgment upon, criticize, find fault with, condemn (Epict. 2, 21, 11) Ro 2:1abc, 3; 14:3f, 10, 13a (a play on words, w. κρίνειν used in two different mngs. in the same vs.; s. 4 below on vs. 13b); Col 2:16; Js 4:11, 12; D 11:12. μή τι κρίνετε do not pronounce judgment on anything 1 Cor 4:5. ἱνατί γὰρ ἡ ἐλευθερία μου κρίνεται ὑπὸ ἄλλης συνειδήσεως; why is my freedom (of action) to be unfavorably judged by another person’s scruples? 1 Cor 10:29. μακάριος ὁ μὴ κρίνων ἑαυτόν happy is the one who finds no fault w. himself Ro 14:22.—Also of a human judgment directed against God ὅπως ἂν νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε that you may win when you are judged Ro 3:4 (OMichel in KEK prefers active sense); 1 Cl 18:4 (both Ps 50:6).③ to make a judgment based on taking various factors into account, judge, think, consider, look upon w. double acc. of the obj. and the predicate (Soph., Oed. R. 34; Pla., Rep. 9, 578b and s. Cebes 39, 4; 3 Macc 2:33; Just., D. 112, 1) οὐκ ἀξίους κρίνετε ἑαυτούς you do not consider yourselves worthy Ac 13:46 (Jos., Ant. 6, 159 ὸ̔ν αὐτὸς τ. βασιλείας ἄξιον ἔκρινεν; EpArist 98); cp. PtK 3 p. 15, 17. τὰ ὑστερήματα αὐτῶν ἴδια ἐκρίνετε you considered their shortcomings as your own 1 Cl 2:6. Pass. (Thu. 2, 40, 3; Jos., Ant. 4, 193) τί ἄπιστον κρίνεται παρʼ ὑμῖν; why do you think it is incredible? Ac 26:8 (Jos., Ant. 18, 76 ἄπιστα αὐτὰ κρίνειν).—Foll. by acc. w. inf. (Pla., Gorg., 452c, Rep. 9, 578b; X., An. 1, 9, 5; 28) κεκρίκατέ με πιστὴν … εἶναι Ac 16:15.—W. inf. foll. κρίνω μὴ παρενοχλεῖν τοῖς κτλ. 15:19.—Foll. by τοῦτο ὅτι 2 Cor 5:14.—W. direct quest. foll. ἐν ὑμῖν αὐτοῖς κρίνατε judge, decide for yourselves 1 Cor 11:13.—W. indirect quest. foll. (Thu. 4, 130, 7 κρίναντες ἐν σφίσιν αὐτοῖς, εἰ … ; X., Cyr. 4, 1, 5) εἰ δίκαιόν ἐστιν, ὑμῶν ἀκούειν μᾶλλον ἢ τοῦ θεοῦ, κρίνατε decide whether it is right to obey you rather than God Ac 4:19.—κρίνατε ὑμεῖς ὅ φημι pass your own judgment on what I say 1 Cor 10:15.—ὀρθῶς ἔκρινας you have judged rightly Lk 7:43.④ to come to a conclusion after a cognitive process, reach a decision, decide, propose, intend (Isocr. 4, 46; Polyb. 3, 6, 7; 5, 52, 6; 9, 13, 7; Epict. 2, 15, 7; Appian, Bell. Civ. 14, 118 §497 ὅταν οἱ θεοὶ κρίνωσιν; LXX) τί οὖν θέλετε, κρίνατε (restored) so decide now what you wish (to be done); w. inf. (Diod S 4, 33, 10; 17, 95, 1; UPZ 42, 37 [162 B.C.]; PTebt 55, 4 [II B.C.] ἔκρινα γράψαι; PLond III, 897, 11 p. 207 [84 A.D.]; 1 Macc 11:33; 3 Macc 1:6; Jdth 11:13; Wsd 8:9; Jos., Ant.7, 33; 12, 403; 13, 188; Did., Gen. 179, 7) Ac 3:13; 20:16; 25:25; 1 Cor 2:2; 5:3; Tit 3:12. W. τοῦ and inf. (B-D-F §397, 2) ἐκρίθη τοῦ ἀποπλεῖν ἡμᾶς Ac 27:1. ἐπεὶ ἤδη σεαυτῷ κέκρικας τοῦ μὴ δύνασθαι τὰς ἐντολὰς ταύτας ὑπὸ ἀνθρώπου φυλαχθῆναι since you have already decided in your own mind that these commandments cannot be kept by anyone Hm 12, 3, 6.—W. acc. and inf. (2 Macc 11:25, 36; 3 Macc 6:30; TestSol 10:8; SibOr 3, 127; Just., D. 102, 2) Ac 21:25 (even in the substantially different rdgs.). τοῦτο κέκρικεν …, τηρεῖν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ παρθένον he has determined this, namely to keep his fiancée (pure and undefiled) 1 Cor 7:37 (s. s.v. γαμίζω 2; Diod S 4, 73, 2 of a father: κρίναι ταύτην [i.e. his daughter] παρθένον διαφυλάττειν). τοῦτο κρίνατε μᾶλλον, τὸ μὴ τιθέναι πρόσκομμα but rather decide this, (namely) to give no offense Ro 14:13b. ἔκρινα ἐμαυτῷ τοῦτο, τὸ … ἐλθεῖν 2 Cor 2:1. τὰ δόγματα τὰ κεκριμένα ὑπὸ τ. ἀποστόλων Ac 16:4 (cp. Polyb. 5, 52, 6 πράξας τὸ κριθέν; Epict. 2, 15, 7 τοῖς κριθεῖσιν ἐμμένειν δεῖ).⑤ to engage in a judicial process, judge, decide, hale before a court, condemn, also hand over for judicial punishment, freq. as a legal t.t. (in a forensic sense Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX).ⓐ of a human courtα. act. and pass. abs. Ac 13:27. W. adv. GPt 3:7. κ. τινά: κατὰ τὸν νόμον J 18:31; Ac 23:3; 24:6 v.l. οὐδὲ ἐγὼ κρίνω ὑμᾶς GJs 16:3. Of the right of the apostle and the church to judge believers 1 Cor 5:12ab. μὴ ὁ νόμος ἡμῶν κρίνει τὸν ἄνθρωπον; does our law (personified) judge a person? J 7:51 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 50 §205 certain senators desire that before Mark Antony is declared a public enemy he should be brought to trial, ὡς οὐ πάτριον σφίσιν ἀκρίτου καταδικάζειν ‘on the ground that it was not their ancestral custom to condemn someone without a hearing’). ἐκ τ. στόματός σου κρινῶ σε I will punish you on the basis of your own statement Lk 19:22. Pass. Ac 25:10. κρίνεσθαι ἐπί τινι be on trial because of a thing 26:6 (Appian, Basil. 12 κρινόμενος ἐπὶ τῷδε=be brought to trial because of this thing; likew. Iber. 55 §233; Ath. 2, 3; of God ApcrEzk Fgm. d). Also περί τινος (Diod S 12, 30, 5) 23:6; 25:20; w. addition of ἐπί w. gen. of the court of judicature before someone (schol. on Hes., Op. 9) 24:21; 25:9; D 11:11.—τί δὲ καὶ ἀφʼ ἑαυτῶν οὐ κρίνετε τὸ δίκαιον; Lk 12:57, which leads over into the sphere of jurisprudence (vs. 58), means: why cannot you yourselves decide what is right? (cp. the prayer for vengeance fr. Amorgos [BCH 25, 1901 p. 416; Dssm., LO 94=LAE 118] ἐπάκουσον, θεά, καὶ κρῖναι τὸ δίκαιον; cp. Appian, Mithrid. 89 §403 κρίνειν τὴν μάχην=decide the battle; Just., A II, 15, 5).β. mid. and pass.: ‘dispute, quarrel, debate’, also go to law (so Thu. 4, 122, 4 δίκῃ κρίνεσθαι; Hos 2:4 al. in LXX; TestSol 4:4ff D; Mel., P. 101, 773) τινί with someone (Job 9:3; 13:19) Mt 5:40; B 6:1 (Is 50:8); μετά τινος (Vi. Aesopi W 76 κριθῆναί με μετὰ τῆς κυρίας μου ἐπὶ σοί=I am pleading my case with my mistress before you; Eccl 6:10) 1 Cor 6:6. ἐπί τινος before someone (as judge) vs. 1 (on the beginning of 1 Cor 6 cp. the decree of Alexander to the Greeks in Ps.-Callisth. 2, 21, 21: βούλομαι δὲ μὴ ἐν ἑαυτοῖς κρίνειν ὅσον τις ὑμῶν ἔχει πρὸς ἕτερον, οὐδὲ ἐφʼ οὗ βούλεσθε=it is my wish [will] that you are not to go to law among yourselves, no matter what any of you may have against another, nor before anyone you wish).ⓑ of the divine tribunalα. occupied by God or Christ: abs. administer justice, judge J 5:30; 8:16, 50; cp. vs. 26; Rv 6:10; B 5:7. Pass. be judged Mt 7:1b, 2b; Lk 6:37b; Rv 11:18.—W. acc. foll. (PGM 4, 1013 of Horus ὁ κρίνων τὰ πάντα) J 5:22; 8:15b. τοὺς ἔξω 1 Cor 5:13. ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς judge the living and the dead 2 Ti 4:1; 1 Pt 4:5; B 7:2. τὰ κρυπτὰ τῶν ἀνθρώπων Ro 2:16. τὸν κόσμον B 4:12 (TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 10 [Stone p. 32]; ApcEsdr 3:3 p. 27, 8 Tdf.). τὴν οἰκουμένην Ac 17:31; AcPl Ha 9, 29. κ. κατὰ τὸ ἑκάστου ἔργον judge each one by what that person does 1 Pt 1:17; cp. Rv 20:13. ἐκρίθησαν οἱ νεκροὶ ἐκ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν the dead were judged by what was written in the books (of life and of death), in accordance w. their deeds vs. 12; δικαίως κ. judge uprightly (Sotades [280 B.C.] Fgm. 11, 2 Diehl2 II 6 p. 191 [in Stob. 4, 34, 8 vol. V p. 826, 5=Coll. Alex. p. 243] ὁ παντογενὴς … οὐ κρίνει δικαίως) 1 Pt 2:23; B 19:11. Also ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ Rv 19:11. διὰ νόμου κρίνεσθαι be judged on the basis of the law Js 2:12.—Oft. the emphasis is unmistakably laid upon that which follows the Divine Judge’s verdict, upon the condemnation or punishment: condemn, punish (opp. σῴζειν as TestJud 24:6; Mel., P. 104, 810; cp. ApcEsdr 1, 11 p. 25, 3 Tdf. ἐμὲ κρῖνον ὑπὲρ τῶν ψυχῶν τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν) J 3:17; cp. 18ab; 12:47ab, 48a; cp. 48b; Ac 7:7 (Gen 15:14); Dg 7:5f (opp. ἀγαπᾶν). διὰ νόμου κ. punish on the basis of the law Ro 2:12.—3:6f; 1 Cor 11:31f (here of the temporal punishment which God brings upon sinners); 2 Th 2:12; Hb 10:30 (κρινεῖ κύριος τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ the Lord will judge = punish his people is derived fr. Dt 32:36=Ps 134:14, where the judgment of God is spoken of, resulting in the vindication of the innocent [the thought prominent in the two OT pass.] and the punishment of the guilty [the thought prominent in the Hb pass.]); 13:4; Js 5:9; for 1 Pt 4:6 s. 2a above; Rv 18:8; 19:2; B 15:5.—W. the punishment given κ. διὰ πυρός 1 Cl 11:1; διὰ τῶν μαστίγων 17:5. κεκριμένοι ἤδη τῷ θανάτῳ already condemned to death B 10:5. Also εἰς θάνατον condemned to death Hs 9, 18, 2. οἱ κρινόμενοι ἀσεβεῖς the godless, who are condemned 2 Cl 18:1. Of the devil ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου κέκριται J 16:11.—ταῦτα ἔκρινας you have imposed these punishments Rv 16:5.—On κρίνειν τὸ κρίμα 18:20 s. κρίμα 4.β. occupied by those who have been divinely commissioned to judge: the 12 apostles judge the 12 tribes Mt 19:28; Lk 22:30 (PBatiffol, RB n.s. 9, 1912, 541–43. But here κ. could have the broader sense rule; cp. 4 Km 15:5; Ps 2:10; 1 Macc 9:73; PsSol 17:29). κρινεῖ ἡ ἐκ φύσεως ἀκροβυστία … σέ the one who is physically uncircumcised will sit in judgment upon you Ro 2:27. οἱ ἅγιοι as judges of the cosmos 1 Cor 6:2ab (κρίνεσθαι ἐν: Diod S 19, 51, 4.—On the saints as co-rulers with God cp. Epict., Ench. 15; Sallust. 21 p. 36, 14) as well as of the angels vs. 3 (cp. Da 7:22).⑥ to ensure justice for someone, see to it that justice is done (LXX) τινί to someone 1 Cl 8:4 (Is 1:17).—B. 1428. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
17 μετρέω
μετρέω fut. 2 sg. μετρήσεις Num 35:5; 1 aor. ἐμέτρησα. Pass.: 1 fut. μετρηθήσομαι; pf. 3 sg. μεμέτρηται Wsd 4:8 (fr. μέτρον; Hom.+) gener. ‘measure’.① to take the dimensions of, measureⓐ spatially w. acc. of thing: τὸν ναόν measure the temple Rv 11:1 (PKetter, Past. Bonus 52, ’41, 93–99). τὴν πόλιν measure the city 21:15. αὐλήν 11:2. τὸν οὐρανόν 16:2 (Is 40:12; ApcEsdr 7:5 p. 32, 16 Tdf.). W. the measuring instrument given in the dat. (Ex 16:18) τῷ καλάμῳ measure with the rod Rv 21:16; cp. 11:1. The measure arrived at is expressed by the gen. of quality ἐμέτρησεν τὸ τεῖχος ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τεσσάρων πηχῶν he measured the wall (and it was) 144 cubits Rv 21:17; also by ἐπί and the gen. vs. 16, where a v.l. has ἐπί and acc. (on the latter cp. Da 3:47).ⓑ non-spatially αὐτοὶ ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἑαυτοὺς μετροῦντες they measure (i.e. evaluate) themselves by one another 2 Cor 10:12. ἐμαυτὸν μετρῶ I keep myself within bounds ITr 4:1 (Sotades Mar. [III B.C.] 10, 8 Diehl=Coll. Alex. no. 9, 8 p. 242 ἡ σωφροσύνη πάρεστιν, ἂν μετρῇς σεαυτόν; TestJos 10:6 ἐμέτρουν ἐμαυτόν).② to give out in measured amount, give out, deal out, apportion τινί τι someth. to someone (Eur.; Ps.-Demosth. 46, 20; PPetr III, 89, 2; PTebt 459, 4 [5 B.C.] ὸ̔ ἐὰν περισσὸν γένηται μέτρησον αὐτοῖς) in the proverbial expr. ἐν ᾧ μέτρῳ μετρεῖτε, μετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν the measure you give will be the measure you get Mt 7:2; Mk 4:24. Likew., except without ἐν, Lk 6:38 v.l. (Maximus Tyr. 27, 7b has a play on words μετρεῖ…μετρεῖται.—Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 229 μέτροις μεμέτρηται.—The pass.=‘receive as one’s portion’: Jos., Bell. 3, 185).—1 Cl 13:2 the saying reads ᾧ μέτρῳ μετρεῖτε, ἐν αὐτῷ μετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν. The text of Lk 6:38 has ᾧ μέτρῳ μετρεῖτε, ἀντιμετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν, which is repeated verbatim in Pol 2:3.—B. 877f. DELG s.v. μέτρον. M-M. TW. -
18 μιμέομαι
μιμέομαι (μῖμος, ‘imitator, mimic’) mid. dep.; impv. μιμοῦ; impf. ἐμιμούμην; fut. μιμήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐμιμησάμην (Pind.+) to use as a model, imitate, emulate, follow, w. acc. of pers., and in our lit. only of behavior (Ael. Aristid. 34 p. 669 D.; Wsd 15:9; Philo; Jos., Ant. 6, 347, C. Ap. 2, 257; Tat. 7, 3) ISm 12:1. ἡμᾶς 2 Th 3:7, 9 (PFlor 367, 3 ἐγὼ οὐ μειμήσομαί σε). θεόν Dg 10:5 (Heraclitus, Ep. 5, 1 θεόν; Eunap. 104 of Oribasius the physician: ἐμιμεῖτο θεόν [Asclepius]; EpArist 281; Philo, Spec. Leg. 4, 73, Virt. 168; TestAsh 4:3 κύριον; Did., Gen. 57, 22; 180, 9).—Of Christ ἂν ἡμᾶς μιμήσεται, καθὰ πράσσομεν if he were to imitate our way of acting IMg 10:1. W. acc. of thing imitate someth. (Appian, Samn. 10 §1 τὴν ἀρετήν; TestAbr 20 p. 104, 6 [Stone p. 56] τὴν φιλοξενίαν; Philo, Congr. Erud. Gr. 69 τὸν ἐκείνων βίον al.; Jos., Ant. 12, 241, C. Ap. 1, 165; Iren. 1, 17, 2 [Harv. I 168, 7;11]) τὴν πίστιν Hb 13:7. Copy τὶ someth. τὸ κακόν, ἀγαθόν (Sotades 7, 2 μιμοῦ τὸ καλόν [Coll. Alex. p. 241]; Kaibel 85, 3 ἐμιμούμην τὸ καλόν; EpArist 188; Just., A I, 10, 1 ἀγαθά) 3J 11. τὸ μαρτύριον MPol 19:1.—DELG s.v. μῖμος. M-M. EDNT. TW. -
19 σαρκικός
σαρκικός, ή, όν (σάρξ; Aristot., HA 10, 2, 635a, 11 v.l.; a verse, perh. by Sotades Lyr. [III B.C.] 19, p. 244 Coll.; Maximus Tyr. 11, 10e v.l. [for σάρκινος]; ParJer 6:6 τῷ σαρκικῷ οἴκῳ [cp. Mel., P. 55, 402 Ch. τοῦ σαρκίνου οἴκου, but σαρκικοῦ B]; Just., Tat.—σαρκικός means ‘belonging to the σάρξ’ [opp. πνευματικός], ‘fleshly’; on the other hand, σάρκινος is ‘consisting/composed of flesh’, ‘fleshy’. Our lit., or at least its copyists, for the most part did not observe this distinction in all occurrences of the word. The forms are generally interchanged in the tradition; for exceptions s. MParsons, NTS 34, ’88, 151–55; s. also B-D-F §113, 2; Rob. 158f.)① pert. to being material or belonging to the physical realm, material, physical, human, fleshlyⓐ of everyday earthly things, τὰ σαρκικά in ref. to a collection for the poor in Jerusalem Ro 15:27; of material means of support 1 Cor 9:11.ⓑ of human physical being as such: Polycarp is σαρκικὸς καὶ πνευματικός, i.e. the physical aspect makes it possible to deal with visible phenomena and the spiritual contributes a special dimension to the encounter IPol 2:2. Jesus is called σαρκικός τε καὶ πνευματικός, γεννητὸς καὶ ἀγέννητος IEph 7:2. The Risen Lord συνέφαγεν αὐτοῖς (i.e. the disciples) ὡς σαρκικός he ate with them as an ordinary human being would ISm 3:3. ἵνα ἐκ νεκρῶν ἡμᾶς ἐγείρῃ σαρκικούς that (Jesus Christ) might raise us mere humans from the dead AcPlCor 2:6.—Sim. ἀγάπη σαρκική τε καὶ πνευματική ISm 13:2. ἕνωσις IMg 13:2. ἐπιμέλεια IPol 1:2. In all these pass. Ignatius expresses his understanding of a human being as consisting of two major parts: material body and inward endowment of spirit. Thus Ignatius’s Christians function in two realms. This perspective is different (exc. for the reminiscence IEph 8:2 [s. 2]) from the qualitative judgments expressed in pass. in 2 in which ς. and πνευματικός are in opposition.② pert. to being human at a disappointing level of behavior or characteristics, (merely) human. Old Testament perspectives respecting the fragility of bodily existence are assumed in our lit., but with a heightening of contrast between the physical and spiritual state or condition and with focus on the physical as being quite mediocre, transitory, or sinful earthly, mediocre, merely human, worldly (Anth. Pal. 1, 107; Iren. 1, 6, 3 [Harv. I 56, 2]; Orig., C. Cels. 3, 42, 11; Hippol., Ref. 5, 8, 18; Did., Gen. 62, 3): (ἄνθρωποι) ς. 1 Cor 3:4 v.l.; ὅπλα 2 Cor 10:4. σοφία 1:12. αἱ σαρκικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι 1 Pt 2:11; αἱ σαρκικαὶ καὶ σωματικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι D 1:4. Of immature Christians σαρκικοί ἐστε 1 Cor 3:3ab. In what appears to be a reminiscence of 2 Cor 2:14–3:3 (s. also Ro 8:5), of dissidents or schismatics in contrast to orthodox believers οἱ σαρκικοὶ τὰ πνευματικὰ πράσσειν οὐ δύνανται, οὐδὲ οἱ πνευματικοὶ τὰ σαρκικά IEph 8:2.—In addition, σαρκικός is found as v.l. (σάρκινος is in the text, as Maximus Tyr. 11, 10f; Philo, Sacr. Abel. 63) in Ro 7:14; 1 Cor 3:1; Hb 7:16; in all three places the v.l. is the rdg. of the t.r.—S. lit. s.v. σάρξ. DELG s.v. σάρξ. M-M. TW. Spicq. -
20 τρυμαλιά
τρυμαλιά, ᾶς, ἡ (τρύω ‘to rub away’; Sotades Fgm. 1 Diehl=Coll. Alex. 1 p. 238 [in Plut., Mor. 11a, sexual connotation]; Aesop, Fab. 26 H. of the openings in a fisher’s net; Judg 15:11 B; Jer 13:4; 16:16) hole τρυμαλιὰ ῥαφίδος eye of a needle Mt 19:24 v.l.; Mk 10:25; Lk 18:25 v.l.—See κάμηλος and κάμιλος.—On the eye of a needle as a symbol of the smallest thing imaginable s. JSepp, ZDPV 14, 1891, 30–34.—DELG s.v. τρύω. M-M.
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