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1 Perret, Auguste
[br]b. 12 February 1874 Ixelles, near Brussels, Belgiumd. 26 February 1954 Le Havre (?), France[br]French architect who pioneered and established building design in reinforced concrete in a style suited to the modern movement.[br]Auguste Perret belonged to the family contracting firm of A. \& G.Perret, which early specialized in the use of reinforced concrete. His eight-storey building at 25 bis Rue Franklin in Paris, built in 1902–3, was the first example of frame construction in this material and established its viability for structural design. Both ground plan and façade are uncompromisingly modern, the simplicity of the latter being relieved by unobtrusive faience decoration. The two upper floors, which are set back, and the open terrace roof garden set a pattern for future schemes. All of Perret's buildings had reinforced-concrete structures and this was clearly delineated on the façade designs. The concept was uncommon in Europe at the time, when eclecticism still largely ruled, but was derived from the late nineteenth-century skyscraper façades built by Louis Sullivan in America. In 1905–6 came Perret's Garage Ponthieu in Paris; a striking example of exposed concrete, it had a central façade window glazed in modern design in rich colours. By the 1920s ferroconcrete was in more common use, but Perret still led the field in France with his imaginative, bold use of the material. His most original structure is the Church of Notre Dame at Le Raincy on the outskirts of Paris (1922–3). The imposing exterior with its tall tower in diminishing stages is finely designed, but the interior has magnificence. It is a wide, light church, the segmented vaulted roof supported on slender columns. The whole structure is in concrete apart from the glass window panels, which extend the full height of the walls all around the church. They provide a symphony of colour culminating in deep blue behind the altar. Because of the slenderness of the columns and the richness of the glass, this church possesses a spiritual atmosphere and unimpeded sight and sound of and from the altar for everyone. It became the prototype for churches all over Europe for decades, from Moser in prewar Switzerland to Spence's postwar Coventry Cathedral.In a long working life Perret designed buildings for a wide range of purposes, adhering to his preference for ferroconcrete and adapting its use according to each building's needs. In the 1940s he was responsible for the railway station at Amiens, the Atomic Centre at Saclay and, one of his last important works, the redevelopment after wartime damage of the town centre of Le Havre. For the latter, he laid out large open squares enclosed by prefabricated units, which display a certain monotony, despite the imposing town hall and Church of St Joseph in the Place de L'Hôtel de Ville.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident des Réunions Internationales des Architectes. American Society of the French Legion of Honour Gold Medal 1950. Elected after the Second World War to the Institut de France. First President of the International Union of Architects on its creation in 1948. RIBA Royal Gold Medal 1948.Further ReadingP.Blater, 1939, "Work of the architect A.Perret", Architektura SSSR (Moscow) 7:57 (illustrated article).1848 "Auguste Perret: a pioneer in reinforced concrete", Civil Engineers' Review, pp.296–300.Peter Collins, 1959, Concrete: The Vision of a New Architecture: A Study of Auguste Perret and his Precursors, Faber \& Faber.Marcel Zahar, 1959, D'Une Doctrine d'Architecture: Auguste Perret, Paris: Vincent Fréal.DY -
2 Andre Perret
франц."Андре Перре" (известный французский винный дом, производитель вин Северной Роны — "Кондрье" (внутреннего апелласьона Кот-Роти), и "Сен-Жозеф" — белые, из винограда сорта Марсан (Marsanne) и красные, из сорта Сира, которые называются "Ле Гризьер" (Les Grisieres), их лучше всего пить молодыми; вина "Андре Перре" считаются лучшими в регионе, жемчужина дома — "Кондрье Кото дю Шери" (Condrieu Coteau du Chery))See: -
3 Andre Perret Condrieu Coteau du Chery
франц."Андре Перре Кото дю Шери" ( вино — визитная карточка винного дома "Андре Перре"; это вино в молодости имеет светлый, лимонно-желтый цвет, аромат, насыщенный абрикосовыми, персиковыми и смолистыми тонами, с легкой травянистостью; во вкусе выделяются вкусовые оттенки абрикоса и ананаса, с миндальной горчинкой, вкус хорошо сбалансированный, хотя кислотность довольно выраженная, что обещает этому вину прекрасное развитие вкуса и аромата во время выдержки)See:Англо-русский толковый словарь "Вино" > Andre Perret Condrieu Coteau du Chery
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4 Devic-Perret sign
s.signo de Devic-Perret. -
5 phase
фаза, стадия; ступень развития
phase of decline фаза упадка; фаза уменьшения
phase of deformation фаза деформации
phase of folding фаза складчатости
phase of glaciation фаза оледенения
phase of intermittent activity фаза перемежающейся деятельности
phase of metamorphism фаза метаморфизма
phase of moderate activity фаза умеренной деятельности
phase of seismogram фаза сейсмограммы
accumulative phase аккумулятивная фаза
Aftonian phase афтонская (межледниковая) фаза
Airy phase фаза Эри
antidune phase антидюнная фаза
Ardennian phase of folding арденнская фаза складчатости
artificial phase вспомогательная фаза
Asturian phase of folding астурийская фаза складчатости
Austrian phase of folding австрийская фаза складчатости
basic phase основная фаза
Bretonian phase of folding бретонская фаза складчатости
chilled phase охлаждённая фаза
common vapor phase общая паровая фаза
dispersed phase дисперсная фаза
Donetz phase of folding донетская фаза складчатости
dune phase дюнная фаза
dune phase of traction дюнная фаза передвижения частиц по дну
Early Caledonian phase of folding раннекаледонская фаза складчатости
Early Laramide phase of folding раннеларамийская фаза складчатости
Erian phase of folding арийская фаза складчатости
eruptive phase эруптивная фаза
Esterelian phase of folding эстерельская фаза складчатости
exsolved phase фаза распада
first phase первая фаза
gas phase газовая фаза, газообразное состояние
geological phase геологическая фаза
host phase вмещающая фаза
increase phase фаза увеличения
Insurbrienne phase инсурбрийская фаза (фаза поднятия Альп)
isometric phase изометрическая фаза
lag phase фаза задержки
Late Caledonian phase of folding позднекаледонская фаза складчатости
Late Laramide phase of folding позднеларамийская фаза складчатости
liquid fusive phase жидкая фаза плавления
local phase локальная фаза
longitudinal phase фаза продольных волн
metallizing phase фаза оруденения
multisite phase многопозиционная фаза
Orcadian phase of folding оркадская фаза складчатости
orogenic phase орогенная фаза
paroxysmal phase пароксизмальная фаза
Perret phase фаза Перрета (с выделением большого количества газа и расширением подводящего канала)
pluvial phase плювиальная фаза
postorogenic phase посторогенная фаза
preliminary phase предварительная фаза
preorogenic phase доорогенная фаза
primary phase первичная фаза
Pyrenean phase of folding пиренейская фаза складчатости
regional phase региональная фаза
Salair phase of folding салаирская фаза складчатости
Sardian phase of folding сардинская фаза складчатости
single-site phase однопозиционная фаза
smooth phase спокойная фаза
soil phase почвенная фаза, внутритиповая разновидность почвы
stationary phase стационарная [постоянная] фаза
Sub-Hercynian phase of folding субгерцинская фаза складчатости
Sudeten phase of folding судетская фаза складчатости
Т- phase сейсмическая фаза с короткопериодной волной
Taconian phase of folding таконская фаза складчатости
tensile phase зона растяжения
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6 skink, Cameroun lidless
1. LAT Panaspis amieti Perret2. RUS камерунский панаспис m3. ENG Cameroun lidless skink4. DEU —5. FRA —Ареал обитания: АфрикаDICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > skink, Cameroun lidless
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7 skink, Fuhn's lidless
1. LAT Panaspis fuhni Perret2. RUS панаспис m Фуна3. ENG Fuhn's lidless skink4. DEU —5. FRA —Ареал обитания: АфрикаDICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > skink, Fuhn's lidless
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8 Architecture and building
Biographical history of technology > Architecture and building
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9 Civil engineering
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10 Hennébique, François
[br]b. 25 April 1842 Neuville-Saint-Vaast, near Arras, Franced. 20 March 1921 Paris, France[br]French engineer who contributed to the development of reinforced concrete.[br]Hennébique was an important leader in experimenting with various ways of reinforcing concrete with iron and steel. He set up his own firm in 1867, so acquiring valuable experience in the number of commissions that he carried out when using this material. He patented his own invention in 1892; this was for a method of using hooked connections for reinforcing-bars of iron and steel. England lagged behind France in developing the use of reinforced concrete as a structural material: it was Hennébique who was most influential in changing this situation. He had used his new method of reinforcement in the construction of the Spinning Mills at Tourcoing in France in 1895, and he was commissioned by Weaver \& Co., who wished to build a new flour mill in Swansea: the mill was completed in 1898. Soon after, both Hennébique and Coignet established London offices for developing their constructional techniques in England.[br]Further ReadingLe Béton armé 1898–1921 (monthly journal published by the Hennébique Company in Paris).P.Collins, 1959, Concrete: A Vision of a New Architecture (a study of Auguste Perret and his predecessors), Faber.C.C.Stanley, 1979, Highlights in the History of Concrete, Cement and Concrete Association.DY -
11 Jeanneret, Charles-Edouard (Le Corbusier)
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 6 October 1887 La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerlandd. 27 August 1965 Cap Martin, France[br]Swiss/French architect.[br]The name of Le Corbusier is synonymous with the International style of modern architecture and city planning, one utilizing functionalist designs carried out in twentieth-century materials with modern methods of construction. Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, born in the watch-making town of La Chaux-de-Fonds in the Jura mountain region, was the son of a watch engraver and dial painter. In the years before 1918 he travelled widely, studying building in many countries. He learned about the use of reinforced concrete in the studio of Auguste Perret and about industrial construction under Peter Behrens. In 1917 he went to live in Paris and spent the rest of his life in France; in 1920 he adopted the name of Le Corbusier, one derived from that of his ancestors (Le Corbesier), and ten years later became a French citizen.Le Corbusier's long working life spanned a career divided into three distinct parts. Between 1905 and 1916 he designed a number of simple and increasingly modern houses; the years 1921 to 1940 were ones of research and debate; and the twenty years from 1945 saw the blossoming of his genius. After 1917 Le Corbusier gained a reputation in Paris as an architect of advanced originality. He was particularly interested in low-cost housing and in improving accommodation for the poor. In 1923 he published Vers une architecture, in which he planned estates of mass-produced houses where all extraneous and unnecessary features were stripped away and the houses had flat roofs and plain walls: his concept of "a machine for living in". These white boxes were lifted up on stilts, his pilotis, and double-height living space was provided internally, enclosed by large areas of factory glazing. In 1922 Le Corbusier exhibited a city plan, La Ville contemporaine, in which tall blocks made from steel and concrete were set amongst large areas of parkland, replacing the older concept of city slums with the light and air of modern living. In 1925 he published Urbanisme, further developing his socialist ideals. These constituted a major reform of the industrial-city pattern, but the ideas were not taken up at that time. The Depression years of the 1930s severely curtailed architectural activity in France. Le Corbusier designed houses for the wealthy there, but most of his work prior to 1945 was overseas: his Centrosoyus Administration Building in Moscow (1929–36) and the Ministry of Education Building in Rio de Janeiro (1943) are examples. Immediately after the end of the Second World War Le Corbusier won international fame for his Unité d'habitation theme, the first example of which was built in the boulevard Michelet in Marseille in 1947–52. His answer to the problem of accommodating large numbers of people in a small space at low cost was to construct an immense all-purpose block of pre-cast concrete slabs carried on a row of massive central supports. The Marseille Unité contains 350 apartments in eight double storeys, with a storey for shops half-way up and communal facilities on the roof. In 1950 he published Le Modular, which described a system of measurement based upon the human male figure. From this was derived a relationship of human and mathematical proportions; this concept, together with the extensive use of various forms of concrete, was fundamental to Le Corbusier's later work. In the world-famous and highly personal Pilgrimage Church of Notre Dame du Haut at Ronchamp (1950–5), Le Corbusier's work was in Expressionist form, a plastic design in massive rough-cast concrete, its interior brilliantly designed and lit. His other equally famous, though less popular, ecclesiastical commission showed a contrasting theme, of "brutalist" concrete construction with uncompromisingly stark, rectangular forms. This is the Dominican Convent of Sainte Marie de la Tourette at Eveux-sur-l'Arbresle near Lyon, begun in 1956. The interior, in particular, is carefully worked out, and the lighting, from both natural and artificial sources, is indirect, angled in many directions to illuminate vistas and planes. All surfaces are carefully sloped, the angles meticulously calculated to give optimum visual effect. The crypt, below the raised choir, is painted in bright colours and lit from ceiling oculi.One of Le Corbusier's late works, the Convent is a tour de force.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHonorary Doctorate Zurich University 1933. Honorary Member RIBA 1937. Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1937. American Institute of Architects Gold Medal 1961. Honorary Degree University of Geneva 1964.BibliographyHis chief publications, all of which have been numerously reprinted and translated, are: 1923, Vers une architecture.1935, La Ville radieuse.1946, Propos d'urbanisme.1950, Le Modular.Further ReadingP.Blake, 1963, Le Corbusier: Architecture and Form, Penguin. R.Furneaux-Jordan, 1972, Le Corbusier, Dent.W.Boesiger, 1970, Le Corbusier, 8 vols, Thames and Hudson.——1987, Le Corbusier: Architect of the Century, Arts Council of Great Britain.DYBiographical history of technology > Jeanneret, Charles-Edouard (Le Corbusier)
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12 Lubetkin, Berthold
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 12 December 1901 Tiflis, Georgiad. 23 October 1990 Bristol, England[br]Soviet émigré architect who, through the firm of Tecton, wins influential in introducing architecture of the modern international style into England.[br]Lubetkin studied in Moscow, where in the years immediately after 1917 he met Vesnin and Rodchenko and absorbed the contemporary Constructivist ideas. He then moved on to Paris and worked with Auguste Perret, coming in on the ground floor of the modern movement. He went to England in 1930 and two years later formed the Tecton group, leading six young architects who had newly graduated from the Architectural Association in London. Lubetkin's early commissions in England were for animals rather than humans. He designed the gorilla house (1932) at the Regent's Park Zoological Gardens, after which came his award-winning Penguin Pool there, a sculptural blend of curved planes in reinforced concrete. He also worked at Whipsnade and at Dudley Zoo. The name of Tecton had quickly became synonymous with modern methods of design and structure, particularly the use of reinforced concrete; such work was not common in the 1930s in Britain. In 1938–9 the firm was responsible for another pace-setting design, the Finsbury Health Centre in London. Tecton was disbanded during the Second World War, and although it was reformed in the late 1940s it did not recover its initiative in leading the field of modern work. Lubetkin lived on to be an old man but his post-war career did not fulfil his earlier promise and brilliance. He was appointed Architect-Planner of the Peterlee New Town in 1948, but he resigned after a few years and no other notable commissions materialized. In 1982 the Royal Institute of British Architects belatedly remembered him with the award of their Gold Medal.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRIBA Gold Medal 1982.Further ReadingJohn Allan, 1992, Architecture and the Tradition of Progress, RIBA publications. R.Furneaux Jordan, 1955, "Lubetkin", Architectural Review 36–44.P.Coe and M.Reading, 1981, Lubetkin and Tecton, University of Bristol Arts Council.DY -
13 1883
1. LAT Afrixalus lacteus Perret2. RUS молочная бананница f3. ENG —4. DEU —5. FRA —Ареал обитания: Африка -
14 1890
1. LAT Afrixalus paradorsalis Perret2. RUS придорожная бананница f3. ENG —4. DEU —5. FRA —Ареал обитания: Африка -
15 1982
1. LAT Hyperolius mosaicus Perret2. RUS мозаичная тростнянка f3. ENG —4. DEU —5. FRA —Ареал обитания: Африка -
16 2080
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17 2097
1. LAT Opisthothylax Perret2. RUS гнездовые прыгуньи pl3. ENG —4. DEU —5. FRA —Ареал обитания: Африка -
18 3525
1. LAT Arthroleptis adelphus Perret2. RUS камерунская пискунья f3. ENG —4. DEU —5. FRA —Ареал обитания: Африка -
19 3604
1. LAT Leptodactylodon mertensi Perret2. RUS подкаменка f Мертенса3. ENG —4. DEU —5. FRA —Ареал обитания: Африка -
20 3741
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См. также в других словарях:
Perret — may refer to: * Perret, Côtes d Armor, a commune in France * Auguste Perret (1874–1954), French architect * Catherine Perret French Philosopher and Art Curator * Craig Perret (born 1951), American jockey * Jacques Perret, 16th century French… … Wikipedia
Perret — ist der Name von Auguste Perret (1874 1954), französischer Architekt und Unternehmer Frank A. Perret (1867–1943), US amerikanischer Unternehmer, Erfinder und Vulkanologe Jacques Perret (* zwischen 1540 und 1545; † zwischen 1610 und 1619) ,… … Deutsch Wikipedia
PERRET (A.) — PERRET AUGUSTE (1874 1954) Pendant la période où l’apparition de nouveaux matériaux a été déterminante pour l’avènement d’une architecture moderne, un rôle éminent revient à Auguste Perret qui a donné au béton armé un style architectural. Petit… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Perret — [pɛ rɛ], Auguste, französischer Architekt, * Brüssel 12. 2. 1874, ✝ Paris 4. 3. 1954; Pionier des Stahlbetonbaus, der maßgeblichen Einfluss auf die Entwicklung der modernen französischen Architektur hatte. Mit seinen Brüdern Gustave (* 1876, ✝… … Universal-Lexikon
Perret — Perret, Perrin Deux diminutifs formés sur le nom de baptême Pierre. Les Perret sont très nombreux dans la région lyonnaise (01, 69, 42). Quant aux Perrin, on les trouve dans les Vosges et dans l Isère. Dans ce dernier département, le nom s est… … Noms de famille
Perret — Perret, Auguste … Enciclopedia Universal
Perret — (Auguste) (1874 1954) architecte français. En association avec ses frères Gustave (1876 1952) et Claude (1880 1960), il utilisa le premier le béton: maison du 25 bis, rue Franklin à Paris (1902 1903); théâtre des Champs élysées (1911 1913), etc … Encyclopédie Universelle
Perret — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Pour les articles homophones, voir Peret et Péret. Communes Perret, commune française des Côtes d Armor … Wikipédia en Français
Perret (homonymie) — Perret Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Sommaire 1 Communes 2 Personnalités 3 Monuments … Wikipédia en Français
Perret (Cotes-d'Armor) — Perret (Côtes d Armor) Pour les articles homonymes, voir Perret. Perret Administration Pays France Région Bretagne Département … Wikipédia en Français
Perret (côtes-d'armor) — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Perret. Perret Administration Pays France Région Bretagne Département … Wikipédia en Français