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1 Papin’s pot
Papin’s pot PH Dampfdrucktopf m, papinscher Topf m, Autoklav m (gemäß Siedelinie Wasser-Dampf-Phase im p-T-Zustandsdiagramm Temperaturen >100°C erzielbar)English-German dictionary of Electrical Engineering and Electronics > Papin’s pot
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2 Papin, Denis
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 22 August 1647 Blois, Loire et Cher, Franced. 1712 London, England[br]French mathematician and physicist, inventor of the pressure-cooker.[br]Largely educated by his father, he worked for some time for Huygens at Ley den, then for a time in London where he assisted Robert Boyle with his experiments on the air pump. He supposedly invented the double-acting air pump. He travelled to Venice and worked there for a time, but was back in London in 1684 before taking up the position of Professor of Mathematics at the University of Marburg (in 1669 or 1670 he became a Doctor of Medicine at Angers), where he remained from 1687 to 1695. Then followed a period at Cassel, where he was employed by the Duke of Hesse. In this capacity he was much involved in the application of steam-power to pumping water for the Duke's garden fountains. Papin finally returned to London in 1707. He is best known for his "digester", none other than the domestic pressure-cooker. John Evelyn describes it in his diary (12 April 1682): "I went this Afternoone to a Supper, with severall of the R.Society, which was all dressed (both fish and flesh) in Monsieur Papins Digestorie; by which the hardest bones of Biefe itself, \& Mutton, were without water, or other liquor, \& with less than 8 ounces of Coales made as soft as Cheeze, produc'd an incredible quantity of Gravie…. This Philosophical Supper raised much mirth among us, \& exceedingly pleased all the Companie." The pressure-cooker depends on the increase in the boiling point of water with increase of pressure. To avoid the risk of the vessel exploding, Papin devised a weight-loaded lever-type safety valve.There are those who would claim that Papin preceded Newcomen as the true inventor of the steam engine. There is no doubt that as early as 1690 Papin had the idea of an atmospheric engine, in which a piston in a cylinder is forced upwards by expanding steam and then returned by the weight of the atmosphere upon the piston, but he lacked practical engineering skill such as was necessary to put theory into practice. The story is told of his last trip from Cassel, when returning to England. It is said that he built his own steamboat, intending to make the whole journey by this means, ending with a triumphal journey up the Thames. However, boatmen on the river Weser, thinking that the steamboat threatened their livelihood, attacked it and broke it up. Papin had to travel by more orthodox means. Papin is said to have co-operated with Thomas Savery in the development of the lat-ter's steam engine, on which he was working c. 1705.[br]Further ReadingCharles-Armand Klein, 1987, Denis Papin: Illustre savant blaisois, Chambray, France: CLD.A.P.M.Fleming and H.R.S.Brocklehurst, 1925, A History of Engineering.Sigvar Strandh, 1979, Machines, Mitchell Beazley.IMcN -
3 Papin's digester
s.digestor de Papin. -
4 Jean-Pierre Papin
СМИ: Жан-Пьер Папен -
5 Jean-Pierre Papin
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6 digester
subst. \/daɪˈdʒestə\/, \/dɪˈdʒestə\/1) person som lager sammendrag2) medisin som fremmer fordøyelsen, middel som fremmer fordøyelsen3) ( kjemi) koker4) ( også digesting tank) septiktankPapin's digester ( kjemi) Papins gryte -
7 band
• orkesteri• rikosjoukkue• nide• jaksolukualue• joukko• joukkue• juova• joukkio• hihna• bändi• side• soittokunta• aaltoalue• vanne• vyö• vyöte• yhdysside• reunanauha• rengastaa• tasokurssi• liittyä yhteen• liuska• liittääradio / television• kaista• nauha• papin kaulus• suikaleradio / television• taajuusalueradio / television• taajuuskaista• yhtye• kopla* * *bænd I noun1) (a strip of material to put round something: a rubber band.) nauha2) (a stripe of a colour etc: a skirt with a band of red in it.) raita3) (in radio etc, a group of frequencies or wavelengths: the medium waveband.) taajuusalueII 1. noun1) (a number of persons forming a group: a band of robbers.) joukko2) (a body of musicians: a brass band; a dance band.) orkesteri, yhtye2. verb(to unite or gather together for a purpose: They banded together to oppose the building of the garage.) -
8 clerical
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9 ministerial
• hallituksen• ministeri• papin-* * *adjective (of or concerning ministers: ministerial duties.) pappis-, ministerin -
10 pastoral
• paimenkirje• paimenidylli• paimen• paimenruno• idyllinen• pastoraali• maalais• maalais-* * *1) (of country life: a pastoral scene.) pastoraali-, paimen-2) (of a pastor, or his work: pastoral responsibilities.) papin -
11 nuncio
• nuncije; papin poslanik -
12 papalize
vt/i I. [vt] obratiti, pridobiti koga za Rimokatoličku crkvu, dovesti pod papin utjecaj II. ]vi] držati se principa, dogmi Rimokatoličke crkve -
13 Domestic appliances and interiors
Biographical history of technology > Domestic appliances and interiors
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14 Newcomen, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. January or February 1663 Dartmouth, Devon, Englandd. 5 August 1729 London, England[br]English inventor and builder of the world's first successful stationary steam-engine.[br]Newcomen was probably born at a house on the quay at Dartmouth, Devon, England, the son of Elias Newcomen and Sarah Trenhale. Nothing is known of his education, and there is only dubious evidence of his apprenticeship to an ironmonger in Exeter. He returned to Dartmouth and established himself there as an "ironmonger". The term "ironmonger" at that time meant more than a dealer in ironmongery: a skilled craftsman working in iron, nearer to today's "blacksmith". In this venture he had a partner, John Calley or Caley, who was a plumber and glazier. Besides running his business in Dartmouth, it is evident that Newcomen spent a good deal of time travelling round the mines of Devon and Cornwall in search of business.Eighteenth-century writers and others found it impossible to believe that a provincial ironmonger could have invented the steam-engine, the concept of which had occupied the best scientific brains in Europe, and postulated a connection between Newcomen and Savery or Papin, but scholars in recent years have failed to find any evidence of this. Certainly Savery was in Dartmouth at the same time as Newcomen but there is nothing to indicate that they met, although it is possible. The most recent biographer of Thomas Newcomen is of the opinion that he was aware of Savery and his work, that the two men had met by 1705 and that, although Newcomen could have taken out his own patent, he could not have operated his own engines without infringing Savery's patent. In the event, they came to an agreement by which Newcomen was enabled to sell his engines under Savery's patent.The first recorded Newcomen engine is dated 1712, although this may have been preceded by a good number of test engines built at Dartmouth, possibly following a number of models. Over one hundred engines were built to Newcomen's design during his lifetime, with the first engine being installed at the Griff Colliery near Dudley Castle in Staffordshire.On the death of Thomas Savery, on 15 May 1715, a new company, the Proprietors of the Engine Patent, was formed to carry on the business. The Company was represented by Edward Elliot, "who attended the Sword Blade Coffee House in Birchin Lane, London, between 3 and 5 o'clock to receive enquiries and to act as a contact for the committee". Newcomen was, of course, a member of the Proprietors.A staunch Baptist, Newcomen married Hannah Waymouth, who bore him two sons and a daughter. He died, it is said of a fever, in London on 5 August 1729 and was buried at Bunhill Fields.[br]Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt and J.S.Allen, 1977, The Steam Engine of Thomas Newcomen, Hartington: Moorland Publishing Company (the definitive account of his life and work).IMcN
См. также в других словарях:
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Papin — (Denis) (1647 1714) physicien français. Il découvrit la force élastique de la vapeur. Il inventa l autocuiseur et sa soupape de sûreté (marmite de Papin) … Encyclopédie Universelle
Papin — [pa pɛ̃], Denis, französischer Arzt und Naturforscher, * Chitenay (bei Blois) 22. 8. 1647, ✝ vor 1714 (seit 1712 in England verschollen); ging 1675 an die Royal Society nach London und 1688 als Professor der Mathematik nach Marburg, 1695 nach… … Universal-Lexikon
Papin — Le nom est surtout porté dans la Sarthe et en Vendée. Il peut s agir du surnom d un enfant glouton (papin = bouillie pour les enfants), mais on pensera plutôt à un nom de personne d origine germanique, dérivé de Papo et à rapprocher de Pipin, qui … Noms de famille
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Papin — (spr. Papäng), Dionysius, geb. gegen die Mitte des 17. Jahrh. in Blois, war früher Arzt in Paris, widmete sich dann der Physik u. Mathematik u. hielt sich lange in England auf, wo er mit Boyle in Verbindung stand; er war 1687–1708 Professor der… … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Papin — (spr. päng), Denis, Physiker, geb. 22. Aug. 1647 in Blois, gest. 1710 in England, studierte Medizin, praktizierte in Paris und wurde Assistent von Huygens. Als Calvinist ging er 1665 nach England, wo er mit Robert Boyle bekannt wurde, und 1680… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
