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1 Nasmyth
n. Nasmyth (naam van krater op maan) -
2 Nasmyth
n. Nasmyth (namn på en krater på månen) -
3 Nasmyth
Инструменты: фокус Несмита -
4 Nasmyth
◙ n. נסמית (שם מכתש בירח)* * *◙ (חריב שתכמ םש) תימסנ◄ -
5 Nasmyth
инстр. фокус Несмита -
6 Nasmyth, James Hall
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 19 August 1808 Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 7 May 1890 London, England[br]Scottish mechanical engineer and inventor of the steam-hammer.[br]James Nasmyth was the youngest son of Alexander Nasmyth (1758–1840), the portrait and landscape painter. According to his autobiography he was named James Hall after his father's friend, the geologist Sir James Hall (1761–1832), but he seems never to have used his second name in official documents. He received an elementary education at Edinburgh High School, but left at the age of 12. He attended evening classes at the Edinburgh School of Arts for the instruction of Mechanics between 1821 and 1825, and gained experience as a mechanic at an early age in his father's workshop. He shared these early experiences with his brother George, who was only a year or so older, and in the 1820s the brothers built several model steam engines and a steam-carriage capable of carrying eight passengers on the public roads. In 1829 Nasmyth obtained a position in London as personal assistant to Henry Maudslay, and after Maudslay's death in February 1831 he remained with Maudslay's partner, Joshua Field, for a short time. He then returned to Edinburgh, where he and his brother George started in a small way as general engineers. In 1834 they moved to a small workshop in Manchester, and in 1836, with the aid of financial backing from some Manchester businessmen, they established on a site at Patricroft, a few miles from the city, the works which became known as the Bridgewater Foundry. They were soon joined by a third partner, Holbrook Gaskell (1813–1909), who looked after the administration of the business, the firm then being known as Nasmyths Gaskell \& Co. They specialized in making machine tools, and Nasmyth invented many improvements so that they soon became one of the leading manufacturers in this field. They also made steam locomotives for the rapidly developing railways. James Nasmyth's best-known invention was the steam-hammer, which dates from 1839 but was not patented until 1842. The self-acting control gear was probably the work of Robert Wilson and ensured the commercial success of the invention. George Nasmyth resigned from the partnership in 1843 and in 1850 Gaskell also resigned, after which the firm continued as James Nasmyth \& Co. James Nasmyth himself retired at the end of 1856 and went to live at Penshurst, Kent, in a house which he named "Hammerfield" where he devoted his time mainly to his hobby of astronomy. Robert Wilson returned to become Managing Partner of the firm, which later became Nasmyth, Wilson \& Co. and retained that style until its closure in 1940. Nasmyth's claim to be the sole inventor of the steam-hammer has been disputed, but his patent of 1842 was not challenged and the fourteen-year monopoly ensured the prosperity of the business so that he was able to retire at the age of 48. At his death in 1890 he left an estate valued at £243,805.[br]Bibliography1874, with J.Carpenter, The Moon Considered as a Planet, a World, and a Satellite, London.1883, Autobiography, ed. Samuel Smiles, London.Further ReadingR.Wailes, 1963, "James Nasmyth—Artist's Son", Engineering Heritage, vol. I, London, 106–11 (a short account).J.A.Cantrell, 1984, James Nasmyth and the Bridgewater Foundry: A Study of Entrepreneurship in the Early Engineering Industry, Manchester (a full-length critical study).——1984–5, "James Nasmyth and the steam hammer", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 56:133–8.RTS -
7 Nasmyth focus
foco NasmythEnglish-Spanish dictionary of astronomy terms > Nasmyth focus
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8 Nasmyth's membrane
s.membrana de Nasmyth. -
9 Nasmyth's membrane
1) Биология: оболочка Несмита2) Макаров: кутикула зуба, кутикула эмали (зуба) -
10 Nasmyth's membrane
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11 Nasmyth's membrane
غِشاءُ نازْميت -
12 Wilson, Robert
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. September 1803 Dunbar, Haddingtonshire, East Lothian, Scotlandd. 28 July 1882 Matlock, Derbyshire, England[br]Scottish mechanical engineer and inventor who developed the self-acting control gear applied to the steam-hammer.[br]Robert Wilson was the son of a fisherman who was drowned in a lifeboat rescue attempt in December 1810. He received only a meagre education and was apprenticed to a joiner. From a very early age he was much concerned with the idea of applying screw propellers to ships, and his invention was approved by the Highland Society and by the Scottish Society of Arts, who in 1832 awarded him a silver medal. He must have gained some experience as a mechanic and while working on his invention he made the acquaintance of James Nasmyth. In 1838 he became Works Manager at Nasmyth's Bridgewater Foundry and made an important contribution to the success of the steam-hammer by developing the self-acting control gear. From 1845 he was with the Low Moor Ironworks near Bradford, Yorkshire, but in July 1856 he returned to the Bridgewater Foundry so that he was able to take over as Managing Partner after Nasmyth's early retirement at the end of 1856. In 1867 the name of the firm was changed to Nasmyth, Wilson \& Co., and Wilson remained a partner until May 1882, when the firm became a limited company. Wilson often returned to his first invention, and two of his many patents related to improvements in screw propellers. In 1880 he received £500 from the War Department for the use of his double-action screw propeller as applied to the torpedo.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMember, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1857. FRSE 1873. Member, Royal Scottish Society of Arts.Bibliography1860, The Screw Propeller: Who Invented It?, Glasgow.Further ReadingJ.A.Cantrell, 1984, James Nasmyth and the Bridgewater Foundry, Manchester, Appendix F, pp. 262–3 (a short biographical account and a list of his patents).RTS -
13 Deacon, Henry
[br]b. 30 July 1822 London, Englandd. 23 July 1876 Widnes, Cheshire, England[br]English industrial chemist.[br]Deacon was apprenticed at the age of 14 to the London engineering firm of Galloway \& Sons. Faraday was a friend of the family and gave Deacon tuition, allowing him to use the laboratories at the Royal Institution. When the firm failed in 1839, Deacon transferred his indentures to Nasmyth \& Gaskell on the Bridgewater Canal at Patricroft. Nasmyth was then beginning work on his steam hammer and it is said that Deacon made the first model of it, for patent purposes. Around 1848, Deacon joined Pilkington's, the glassmakers at St Helens, where he learned the alkali industry, which was then growing up in that district on account of the close proximity of the necessary raw materials, coal, lime and salt. Wishing to start out on his own, he worked as Manager at the chemical works of a John Hutchinson. This was followed by a partnership with William Pilkington, a former employer, who was later replaced by Holbrook Gaskell, another former employer. Deacon's main activity was the manufacture of soda by the Leblanc process. He sought improvement by substituting the ammonia-soda process, but this failed and did not succeed until it was perfected by Solvay. Deacon did, however, with his Chief Chemist F.Hurter, introduce improvements in the Leblanc process during the period 1866–70. Hydrochloric acid, which had previously been a waste product and a nuisance, was oxidized catalytically to chlorine; this could be converted with lime to bleaching powder, which was in heavy demand by the textile industry. The process was patented in 1870.[br]Further ReadingD.W.F.Hardie, 1950, A History of the Chemical Industry in Widnes, London. J.Fenwick Allen, 1907, Some Founders of the Chemical Industry, London.LRD -
14 membrane
1) мембрана, оболочка2) плёнка; перепонка•- abdominal membrane
- adamantine membrane
- adherent carbon membrane
- adventitious membrane
- alveolar membrane
- arachnoid membrane
- articular membrane
- asymmetric membrane
- basal membrane
- bilayer membrane
- birth membranes
- branchiostegal membrane
- Bruch's membrane
- buccopharyngeal membrane
- caduceous membrane
- capillary membrane
- cell membrane
- cellular membrane
- chorioallantoic membrane
- cloacal membrane
- cytoplasmic membrane
- decidual membrane
- Descemet's membrane
- differentially permeable membrane
- drum membrane
- egg membrane
- elementary membrane
- embryonic membrane
- extraembryonic membrane
- fenestrated elastic membrane
- fertilization membrane
- fetal membrane
- germinal membrane
- glomerular basement membrane
- gradocoll membrane
- hyaloid membrane
- immobilizing membrane
- inner membrane
- internal membrane
- ion-exchanger membrane
- isoporous membrane
- Jacob's membrane
- Krause's membrane
- microsomal membrane
- mitochondrial membrane
- molecular membrane
- mucous membrane
- multilayer membrane
- Nasmyth's membrane
- nictitant membrane
- nitrocellulose membrane
- nuclear membrane
- nucleopore membrane
- orthovesicular membranes
- outer membrane
- perithymic basement membrane
- peritrophic membrane
- permeable membrane
- permselective membrane
- phage membrane
- pharyngeal membrane
- photosynthetic membrane
- plasma membrane
- pleuropericardial membrane
- pleuroperitoneal membrane
- polymeric membrane
- porous membrane
- postsynaptic membrane
- presynaptic membrane
- pseudotracheal membrane
- Reissner's membrane
- Schneiderian membrane
- semipermeable membrane
- serous membrane
- shell membrane
- skeleton-free membrane
- surface-modified membrane
- synaptic membrane
- synovial membrane
- tectorial membrane
- Tenon's membrane
- transfer membrane
- tympanic membrane
- undulating membrane
- unit membrane
- vascular membrane
- vestibular membrane
- virginal membrane
- vitelline membrane
- yolk membrane* * * -
15 system
система, совокупность; схема (оптическая); механизм, установка- Henry Draper system@system of astronomical constantsсистема астрономических постоянных@system of catalogueсистема каталога@system of cometsсистема комет@system of fundamental proper motionфундаментальная система собственных движений звезд@system of galaxiesсистема галактик@system of instrumentсистема инструмента@system of planetsпланетная система@system of referenceсистема коордиат@achromatic systemахроматическая система@antenna systemантенное устройство@astronomical coordinate systemсистема астрономических координат@binary systemдвойная система (звезд); двойная звезда@Cartesian systemдекартова система координат@catadioptric systemзеркально-линзовая оптическая система@close binary systemтесная двойная система (звезд)@continuous waves systemрадиолокатор с непрерывным излучением@control systemсистема управления (телескопом)@coordinate systemсистема координат@Copernican systemгелиоцентрическая система мира Коперника@Coude systemсистема Куде@declination-drive systemмеханизм привода (телескопа) по склонению@double systemдвойная система (галактик)@drive systemмеханизм привода (телескопа)@ecliptic systemэклиптическая система (координат)@elliptical systemэллиптическая звездная система; эллиптическая галактика@equatorial system1.экваториальная система координат 2.экваториальная [параллактическая] монтировка@extragalactic systemгалактика@fundamental systemфундаментальная система@fundamental coordinate systemфундаментальная система координат@galactic systemгалактическая система координат@geocentric systemгеоцентрическая система (мира)@Gregory systemсистема (телескопа) Грегори@HD systemсм. Henry Draper system@heliocentric systemгелиоцентрическая система (мира)@hour-angle drive systemмеханизм привода (телескопа) по часовому углу@Lick systemликская система (определения лучевых скростей)@lobe systemмноголепестковая диаграмма направленности@local systemместная система (звезд)@local system of hydrogenместная система (межзвездного) водорода@local reference systemлокальная система отсчета@local star systemместная система звезд@longitude systemдолготная система (на Юпитере)@magnitude systemсистема звездных величин@Maksutov systemсистема (телескопа) Максутова@Mersenne systemсистема (телескопа) Мерсенна@metering systemизмерительный прибор@Milky Way systemМлечный Путь, Галактика@Mills systemсистема [крест] Миллса@mirror-support systemсистема разгрузки зеркала@MK spectral classification systemсистема спектральной классификации звезд@MKK systemклассификация звездных спектров по светимости@multicolor systemмногоцветная система@multiple systemкратная система (звезд)@Nasmyth systemсистема (телескопа) Несмита@new galactic coordinate systemновая система галактических координат@Newton(ian) systemсистема (телескопа) Ньютона@optical systemоптическая система@pencil-beam{ (aerial) systemантенная система с карандашной диаграммой направленности@photometric systemфотометрическая система@planetary systemпланетная система, Солнечная система@prime focus systemсистема первичного фокуса@proper motion systemсистема собственных движений звезд@Ptolemaic systemптолемеева система мира@ray systemлучевая система@receiver systemприемное устройство@recording systemрегистрирующее устройство@reference systemсистема координат@reversal systemсистема для перекладки (телескопа)@ring systemсистема колец (планет)@satellite systemсистема спутников (планет)@Schmidt systemсистема (телескопа) Шмидта@semidetached systemполуразделенная (двойная) система@sensory systemчувствительная система@servo systemследящая система@six-color systemшестицветная (фотометрическая) система@solar systemсолнечная система@spectral classification systemсистема спектральной классификации@spheroidal stellar systemсфероидальная звездная система@spiral systemспиральная (звездная) система@standard systemфундаментальная система (каталога)@stellar systemзвездная система@Sun's systemсм. solar system@support systemсистема разгрузки (зеркала)@telemetry systemтелеметрическая система@telescopic systemтелескопическая система@telescope driving systemчасовой механизм телескопа@telescope optical systemоптическая система телескопа@tracking systemследящая система@U B V system(фотометрическая) система U,B,V; U,B,V система звездных величин@ubvy systemчетырехцветная система звездных величин Стремгрена@worm-weel systemчервячная передача@Yerkes spectral classification systemЙоркская система спектральной классификации (звезд)@System Ⅰ,Ⅱ systemсистемы вращения Юпитера@System Ⅰ & System Ⅱ longitude systemⅠ-я и Ⅱ-я системы долгот на Юпитере@ -
16 Field, Joshua
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 1786 Hackney, London, Englandd. 11 August 1863 Balham Hill, Surrey, England[br]English mechanical engineer, co-founder of the Institution of Civil Engineers.[br]Joshua Field was educated at a boarding school in Essex until the age of 16, when he obtained employment at the Royal Dockyards at Portsmouth under the Chief Mechanical Superintendent, Simon Goodrich (1773–1847), and later in the drawing office at the Admiralty in Whitehall. At this time, machinery for the manufacture of ships' blocks was being made for the Admiralty by Henry Maudslay, who was in need of a competent draughtsman, and Goodrich recommended Joshua Field. This was the beginning of Field's long association with Maudslay; he later became a partner in the firm which was for many years known as Maudslay, Sons \& Field. They undertook a variety of mechanical engineering work but were renowned for marine steam engines, with Field being responsible for much of the design work in the early years. Joshua Field was the eldest of the eight young men who in 1818 founded the Institution of Civil Engineers; he was the first Chairman of the Institution and later became a vice-president. He was the only one of the founders to be elected President and was the first mechanical engineer to hold that office. James Nasmyth in his autobiography relates that Joshua Field kept a methodical account of his technical discussions in a series of note books which were later indexed. Some of these diaries have survived, and extracts from the notes he made on a tour of the industrial areas of the Midlands and the North West in 1821 have been published.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1836. President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1848–9. Member, Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers 1835; President 1848.Bibliography1925–6, "Joshua Field's diary of a tour in 1821 through the Midlands", introd. and notes J.W.Hall, Transactions of the Newcomen Society 6:1–41.1932–3, "Joshua Field's diary of a tour in 1821 through the provinces", introd. and notes E.C. Smith, Transactions of the Newcomen Society 13:15–50.RTS -
17 Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Clement, JosephDu ShiDu YuGongshu PanLi BingMa JunMurdock, WilliamSomerset, EdwardBiographical history of technology > Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering
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18 membrane
membrane 1. мембрана, оболочка; 2. плёнка; перепонкаalveolar membrane альвеолярная мембранаanisotropic membrane анизотропная мембранаanisotropic membrane двулучепреломляющая мембранаarachnoid membrane паутинная оболочка (мозга)articular membrane (энт) сочленовная мембранаasymmetric membrane асимметрическая мембранаbasal membrane базальная мембранаbilayer membrane двухслойная мембранаBruch's membrane оболочка Бруха; базальная пластинкаcapillary membrane капиллярная мембрана, мембрана капилляраcation-anion exchange membrane катион-анионообменная мембранаcell(ular) membrane клеточная мембрана, клеточная оболочкаcellular membrane клеточная мембранаcellular membrane клеточная оболочкаcellulose membrane целлюлозная мембранаcircumoral membrane околоротовая мембранаcloacal membrane клоачная перепонкаcytoplasmic membrane цитоплазматическая мембранаdecidual membrane отпадающая оболочкаDescemet's membrane десцеметова оболочка (в роговице глаза)dialysis membrane диализная мембранаdifferentially permeable membrane избирательно проницаемая перепонкаdynamic membrane динамическая мембранаegg membrane яйцевая мембрана (слой вещества, подстилающий яйцевую оболочку)elementary membrane элементарная мембранаembryonic membrane зародышевая оболочкаextraembryonic membrane внезародышевая оболочкаfenestrated elastic membrane окончатая эластическая мембранаfertilization membrane оболочка оплодотворенияfetal membrane плодная оболочкаgas-permeable membrane газопроницаемая мембранаgerminal membrane бластодермаgradocoll membrane гладоколловый фильтрhollow-fiber membrane мембрана из полых волоконhyaloid membrane стекловидная оболочка (стекловидного тела глаза)hydrophobic membrane гидрофобная мембранаinner membrane, internal membrane внутренняя мембранаintracytoplasmic membrane внутриклеточная мембранаion-exchange membrane ионообменная мембранаjunctional membrane синаптический участок мембраныKrause's membrane полоска Краузе, полоска Т, телофрагмаmicroporous filter membrane микропористая фильтрующая мембранаmicrosomal membrane микросомальная мембранаmitochondrial membrane митохондриальная мембранаmolecular membrane молекулярный мембранный фильтрmucous membrane слизистая оболочкаNasmyth's membrane оболочка Несмита, кутикула эмали, кутикула зубаnictitant membrane третье веко, мигательная перепонкаnitrocellulose membrane нитроцеллюлозная мембранаnuclear membrane ядерная оболочкаorthovesicular membranes ортовезикулярные мембраны, гамма-цитомембраны, мембраны, образующие стенки ортопузырьковouter membrane наружная мембрана, внешняя мембранаperitrophic membrane перитрофическая мембранаpermeable membrane проницаемая мембранаpermselective membrane мембрана с избирательной проницаемостьюphage membrane оболочка фаговой корпускулыpharyngeal membrane глоточная перепонкаpituitary membrane слизистая оболочка носаplasma membrane плазматическая мембранаpleuropericardial membrane плевроперикардиальная мембранаpleuroperitoneal membrane плевроперитонеальная мембранаpolyamide membrane полиамидная мембранаpolycation-polyanion membrane поликатион-полианионная мембранаpolymeric membrane полимерная мембранаporous membrane пористая мембранаpseudotracheal membrane псевдотрахеальная мембрана (поверхность лабеллы у мух, несущая слюнные трубки)pvc type membrane мембрана из поливинилхлоридаRessner's membrane вестибулярная мембрана, рейснерова мембранаSchneiderian membrane слизистая оболочка носаsemipermeable membrane полупроницаемая мембрана, полупроницаемая оболочкаserous membrane серозная оболочкаshell membrane скорлуповая оболочкаstacking membrane слоистая мембранаsynaptic membrane синаптическая пластинкаsynovial membrane синовиальная оболочкаtectorial membrane покровная перепонка, кортиева перепонка (во внутреннем ухе)Tenon's membrane тенонова капсулаtube membrane трубчатая мембранаtympanic membrane барабанная перепонкаundulating membrane ундулирующая мембранаunit membrane элементарная мембранаvascular membrane сосудистая оболочкаvestibular membrane вестибулярная мембрана, рейснерова мембранаvitelline membrane желточная оболочкаzeta-probe membrane ионообменная мембрана для адсорбции и гибридизацииEnglish-Russian dictionary of biology and biotechnology > membrane
См. также в других словарях:
Nasmyth — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Alexander Nasmyth (1758–1840), schottischer Porträt und Landschaftsmaler James Nasmyth (1808–1890), schottischer Ingenieur Kim Nasmyth (* 1952), britischer Zellbiologe und Genetiker … Deutsch Wikipedia
Nasmyth — (spr. nësmith), James, Ingenieur, geb. 19. Aug. 1808 in Edinburg, gest. 7. Mai 1890 in London, bildete sich in Edinburg und London, etablierte sich 1834 in Manchester und gründete die Firma »N., Gaskell and Co.«, von der er sich 1856 zurückzog.… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Nasmyth — (spr. néhsmĭth), James, Ingenieur, geb. 19. Aug. 1808 in Edinburgh, in Maschinenfabriken zu London und Manchester tätig, gest. 7. Mai 1890 in London; Erfinder des Dampfhammers, der Dampframme etc., konstruierte Teleskope, veröffentlichte mit… … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company — Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company, originally called The Bridgewater Foundry, specialised in the production of heavy machine tools and locomotives. It was located in Patricroft, in Salford England, close to the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, the… … Wikipedia
Nasmyth (crater) — Coordinates 50°30′S 56°12′W / 50.5°S 56.2°W / … Wikipedia
NASMYTH Alexander — (1789 1848)(retrato) [véase http://www.iqb.es/diccio/n/na.htm#nasmyth]: odontólogo escocés afincado en Londres conocido por la cutícula que lleva su nombre, o cutícula dentis, la membrana que recubre el esmalte del diente antes de su salida de… … Diccionario médico
Nasmyth telescope — Simple Nasmyth telescope … Wikipedia
Nasmyth-Teleskop — Strahlengang in einem Nasmyth Teleskop Das Nasmyth Teleskop ist ein von James Nasmyth (1808–1890) entwickeltes Spiegelteleskop. Dabei handelt es sich um eine Kombination aus Newton und Cassegrain Teleskop. Wie beim Cassegrain fällt das Licht… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Nasmyth, James — born Aug. 19, 1808, Edinburgh, Scot. died May 7, 1890, London, Eng. Scottish engineer. Son of the artist Alexander Nasmyth (1758–1840), he is known mainly for his invention of the steam hammer (1839), an important metallurgical tool of the… … Universalium
Nasmyth's membrane — Na·smyth s membrane nā smiths n the thin cuticular remains of the enamel organ which surrounds the enamel of a tooth during its fetal development and for a brief period after birth Nasmyth Alexander (d 1848) British anatomist and dentist. Nasmyth … Medical dictionary
Nasmyth, James — (19 ago. 1808, Edimburgo, Escocia–7 may. 1890, Londres, Inglaterra). Ingeniero escocés. Hijo del artista Alexander Nasmyth (n. 1758–m. 1840), se le conoce principalmente por su invención del martillo de vapor (1839), una herramienta metalúrgica… … Enciclopedia Universal