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1 γνήσιος
γνήσιος, α, ον (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, TestAbr A, EpArist, Philo, Joseph.)① one who is considered a valid member of a family, legitimate, true. In the Hellenic world ancestral connections were highly prized; hence this term referred orig. to having connection with the γένος by birth: ‘belonging to the race.’ Hence lit. of children born in wedlock, legitimate (X., Cyr. 8, 5, 19; OGI 194, 12; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 145, 21 legitimacy of a son affirmed on basis of birth from a freewoman; PFlor 79, 21; 294, 12 γνησίων τέκνων; POxy 1267, 15 γ. υἱός; PLips 28, 17f; cp. PEleph 1, 3 γ. γυνή; Sir 7:18; Philo, Mos. 1, 15 γ. παῖς, Spec. Leg. 4, 203 τέκνα; Jos., Ant. 17, 45 τέκνα); fig., of affective relationship, esp. as developed through sharing of values or experiences (Herm. Wr. 13, 3 γνήσιος υἱός εἰμι; Eunap. Vi. Soph. 7, 1, 13 p. 49: pupils as παῖδες γ.) γ. τέκνον ἐν πίστει true child in the faith 1 Ti 1:2; cp. Tit 1:4; γ. σύζυγε Phil 4:3 (cp. BGU 86, 19 γ. φίλος; PLond III, 1244, 5 p. 244 [III A.D.]; EpArist 41; TestAbr A 16 p. 97, 7 [Stone p. 42] al.).② pert. to possession of apparent or reputed good character or quality, genuine of things (of ‘genuine’ writings: Harpocration s.v. Ἀλκιβιάδης; Galen XV 748 K.; Athen. 4, 25, 144e; 14, 63, 650d) γνησιώτερος λόγος more reliable teaching B 9:9 (Harpocration s.v. ναυτοδίκαι: Lysias says εἰ γνήσιος ὁ λόγος; Philo, Poster. Cai. 102 γ. φιλοσοφία). ἀγάπη 1 Cl 62:2 (Michel 394, 48f γ. φιλοστοργία). τὸ γ. genuineness, sincerity of love 2 Cor 8:8 (OGI 339, 7 [c. 120 B.C.] τὸ πρὸς τὴν πατρίδα γνήσιον).—DELG s.v. γίγνομαι p. 223. TW. Spicq. -
2 πυελίς
πυελίς, ίδος, ἡ, am Siegelringe der Kasten, in welchem der Stein sitzt, die Fassung des Steines, σφραγιδοφυλάκιον, Ar. u. Lys. bei Harpocration.
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3 Ἄβαρις
Ἄβαρις who came to the Athenians as envoy from the Hyperboreans when famine was affecting Greece. test. Harpocration, s. v. Ἄβαρις. ὁ δὲ χρόνος ἐν ᾧ παραγέγονε διαφωνεῖται, ὁ δὲ Πίνδαρος κατὰ Κροῖσον τὸν Λυδῶν βασιλέα sc. λέγει παραγενέσθαι fr. 270. -
4 ξύλον
ξύλον, ου, τό (Hom.+).① wood as a plant substance in unmanufactured form, wood (the wood for the offering of Isaac linked typologically with the cross of Christ: Iren. 4, 5, 4 [Harv. II 157, 2]; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 70, 12) Dg 2:2; Ox 1 recto, 8 (ASyn. 171, 5; cp. GTh 77; s. λίθος 1). πᾶν ξ. θύϊνον every kind of citron wood Rv 18:12a. ξ. τιμιώτατον very precious wood vs. 12b. Pl. wood as building material (Diod S 5, 21, 5 κάλαμοι and ξύλα; PFlor 16, 23; Just., D. 86, 6 εἰς οἰκοδομήν; Tat. 37, 1) 1 Cor 3:12; for making cult images ξύλα κ. λίθους (Sextus 568; Tat.4, 2) together w. other materials 2 Cl 1:6; PtK 2 p. 14, 13 (Ath. 15, 1). As fuel (POxy 1144, 15 ξύλα εἰς θυσίαν; Gen 22:3, 6; Lev 1:7) MPol 13:1; Hs 4:4.② object made of wood (of polytheists’ reverence for cult images: σέβονται λίθους καὶ ξύλα Theoph. Ant. 1, 10 [p. 80, 5])ⓐ of a piece of wood designed for a specific purposeα. a relatively long piece that can be set in the ground, pole (Diod S 5, 18, 4; Maximus Tyr. 2, 8b), as of the one on which Moses raised the brass serpent (Num 21:8f) B 12:7.β. club, cudgel (Hdt. 2, 63; 4, 180; Polyb. 6, 37, 3; Herodian 7, 7, 4; PHal 1, 187; PTebt 304, 10; Jos., Bell. 2, 176, Vi. 233) pl. (w. μάχαιραι) Mt 26:47, 55; Mk 14:43, 48; Lk 22:52.ⓑ a device for confining the extremeties of a prisoner, stocks (Hdt. 6, 75; 9, 37; Lysias 10, 16; Aristoph., Eq. 367; 394; 705; also Chariton 4, 2, 6; OGI 483, 181 [s. the note]; Job 33:11) τοὺς πόδας ἠσφαλίσατο αὐτῶν εἰς τὸ ξύλον he fastened their feet in the stocks Ac 16:24.ⓒ a wooden structure used for crucifixion, cross (Alexis Com. [IV B.C.] 220, 10 ἀναπήγνυμι ἐπὶ τοῦ ξύλου; Philo, Somn. 2, 213; Just., A II, 3, 1 ξύλῳ ἐμπαγῆναι, D. 138, 2 διʼ ὕδατος καὶ πίστεως καὶ ξύλου; Iren. 1, 14, 6 [Harv. I 140, 10]; διὰ ξύλου θάνατος καὶ διὰ ξ. ζωή, θ. μὲν κατὰ τὸν Ἀδάμ, ζ. δὲ κατὰ τὸν χριστόν Orig., C. Cels. 6, 36, 28.—Outside the NT also ‘gallows’: the scholiast on Aristoph., Ran. 736 cites a proverb ἀπὸ καλοῦ ξύλου κἂν ἀπάγξασθαι=if you must hang yourself choose a decent tree; Esth 5:14; 6:4, reproduced Jos., Ant. 11, 246: a ξ. sixty cubits high is to be cut down. Most often OT refers to hanging or impalement of a criminal’s corpse on a post ἐπὶ (τοῦ) ξύλου Gen 40:19; Dt 21:22f; Josh 10:26).—ἡ βασιλεία Ἰησοῦ ἐπὶ ξύλῳ the reign of Jesus is based on the wood (of the cross) B 8:5, cp. vs. 1; 12:1 (fr. an apocr. prophetic writing, perh. 4 Esdr 5:5. S. UHolzmeister, Verb Dom 21, ’41, 69–73). κρεμάσαι ἐπὶ ξύλου hang on the cross Ac 5:30; 10:39. ὁ κρεμάμενος ἐπὶ ξύλου Gal 3:13 (Dt 21:23; cp, Mel., P. 70, 507; 104, 805 ἐπὶ ξύλου κρεμασθείς). καθελεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ ξ. take down fr. the cross (cp. Josh 10:27) Ac 13:29. πάσχειν ἐπὶ ξύλου B 5:13. τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἀναφέρειν ἐπὶ τὸ ξ. bear the sins on (or to) the cross, to destroy them on the cross 1 Pt 2:24=Pol 8:1.—WSvLeeuwen, NThSt 24, ’41, 68–81.③ tree (this usage is perceptible in Eur., Hdt.; Ctesias [IV B.C.]: 688 Fgm. 45n p. 500 Jac., in Apollon. Paradox. 17 παρʼ Ἰνδοῖς ξύλον γίνεσθαι; Theophr., HP 5, 4, 7; Fgm. Iamb. Adesp. 17 Diehl; Plut., Lycurgus 47 [13, 7]; Harpocration s.v. ὀξυθυμία; PTebt 5, 205 [118 B.C.]; PFlor 152, 4; Gen 1:29; 2:9; 3:1ff; Is 14:8; Eccl 2:5; PsSol 11:5; GrBar 4:8, 16; ApcSed 8:3; Tat. 919, 3 ξύλῳ μαντικῷ) Dg 12:8. ὑγρόν, ξηρὸν ξ. a green, a dry tree Lk 23:31 (s. ξηρός 1 and cp. Polyaenus 3, 9, 7 ξύλα ξηρά [opp. χλωρά].—AHiggins, ET 57, ’45/46, 292–94). πάγκαρπον ξ. a tree bearing all kinds of fruit Dg 12:1. ξ. ἄκαρπον a tree without (edible) fruit (of the elm) Hs 2:3. ξύλῳ ἑαυτὸν συμβάλλειν compare oneself to a tree 1 Cl 23:4a; 2 Cl 11:3 (both script. quots. of unknown orig.). τὰ φύλλα τοῦ ξ. Rv 22:2b; καρπὸς τοῦ ξ. 1 Cl 23:4b. Of trees by watercourses B 11:6 (Ps 1:3). ξ. γνώσεως Dg 12:2a (cp. Gen 2:9, 17; ApcMos 7 al.; Did., Gen. 94, 16); ξ. (τῆς) ζωῆς (Gen 2:9; TestLevi 18:11; ApcEsdr 2:11 p. 26, 5 Tdf.; ApcSed 4:5; ApcMos 19, 22, 28; Did., Gen. 110, 26; τὰ δὲ δύο ξ. τὸ τῆς ζωῆς καὶ τὸ τῆς γνώσεως Theoph. Ant. 2, 24 [p. 156, 19]) Rv 2:7; 22:2a (RSchran, BZ 24, ’38/39, 191–98), 14, 19; Dg 12:2b (cp. vs. 3 and PsSol 14:3 ξύλα τῆς ζωῆς; s. ζωή 2bβ; LvSybel, Ξύλον ζωῆς: ZNW 19, 1920, 85–91; UHolmberg, D. Baum d. Lebens 1923; HBergema, De Boom des Levens in Scrift en Historie, diss. Hilversum ’38; CHemer, The Letters to the Seven Churches of Asia in Their Local Setting ’89 [’86] 41–47; RAC II 1–34; VIII 112–41).—B. 50; 1385. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
5 ἀγορά
ἀγορά, ᾶς, ἡ (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestJob 22:3; ParJer 6:19 τῶν ἐθνῶν; Jos., Bell. 5, 513 al.; Ath.; loanw. in rabb.) market place as a place for children to play Mt 11:16; Lk 7:32. Place for people seeking work and for idlers (Harpocration, s.v. Κολωνέτας: the μισθωτοί are standing in the marketplace) Mt 20:3; cp. 23:7; Mk 12:38; Lk 11:43; 20:46. Scene of public events, incl. the healings of Jesus ἐν ταῖς ἀ. ἐτίθεσαν τοὺς ἀσθενοῦντας Mk 6:56. Scene of a lawsuit (so as early as Hom.; cp. Demosth. 43, 36 τῶν ἀρχόντων) against Paul Ac 16:19, 35 D. Of the Agora in Athens (in the Ceramicus), the center of public life 17:17 (s. ECurtius, Paulus in Athen: SBBerlAk 1893, 925ff; SHalstead, Paul in the Agora: Quantulacumque [KLake Festschr.] ’37, 139–43; RMartin, Recherches sur l’Agora greque ’51). ἀπʼ ἀγορᾶς (+ὅταν ἔλθωσιν [D it] is the correct interpr.) ἐὰν μὴ ῥαντίσωνται οὐκ ἐσθίουσιν when they return fr. the market place they do not eat unless they wash themselves (pregnant constr. as Vi. Aesopi G 40 P. πιεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ βαλανείου=after returning from the bath; PHolm 20, 26 μετὰ τὴν κάμινον=after burning in the oven; Epict. 3, 19, 5 φαγεῖν ἐκ βαλανείου; Sir 34:25 βαπτιζόμενος ἀπὸ νεκροῦ) Mk 7:4. Since the mid. form ῥαντ. expresses someth. about the persons of those who eat, the words ἀπʼ ἀ. prob. refer to them, too, and so the interpr. of ἀπʼ ἀ.=‘(of) the things sold in the market’, though linguistically poss. (ἀ. in this sense X. et al.; simply=‘food’: Memnon [I B.C./I A.D.]: 434 Fgm. 1, 29, 9 p. 359, 12 Jac.; Appian, Sicil. 2 §10 and 4; Polyaenus 3, 10, 10; 5, 2, 10; Jos., Bell. 1, 308, Ant. 14, 472; pap in Preis.) is untenable.—B. 822. DELG. M-M. -
6 ἀπολείπω
ἀπολείπω impf. ἀπέλειπον; fut. ἀπολείψω; 1 aor. ἀπέλειψα LXX; 2 aor. ἀπέλιπον, mid. ἀπελιπόμην, 3 sg. pass. ἀπελείφθη LXX (Hom.+).① to cause or permit to remain in a place upon going away, leave behind (s. Nägeli 23) τινά or τὶ ἔν τινι (1 Macc 9:65) 2 Ti 4:13, 20; Tit 1:5.② to be reserved for future appearance or enactment, pass. remain ἀ. σαββατισμός a Sabbath rest remains Hb 4:9 (Polyb. 6, 58, 9 ἐλπὶς ἀπολείπεται σωτηρίας). ἀ. θυσία a sacrifice remains=can be made 10:26 (cp. Polyb. 3, 39, 12; Diog. L. 7, 85 ἀ. λέγειν). Abs. ἀ. w. inf. and acc. foll. (B-D-F §393, 6) it is reserved or certain 4:6.③ to depart from a place, with a suggestion of finality, desert (Apollon. Rhod. 4, 752 δώματα=[leave] a house; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 92 §377, 380; UPZ 19, 6 [163 B.C.]; Job 11:20; Jos., Ant. 1, 20; Just., D. 39, 2 τὴν ὁδὸν τῆς πλάνης) τὸ ἴδιον οἰκητήριον their own abode Jd 6; [ἀπολείπ]εται (read ἀπολείπετε, Schubart) τὸ σκότος AcPl Ha 8, 32.④ to cease to have an interest in someth., put aside, give up (Polycrates: 588 Fgm. 1 Jac.; Dio Chrys. 45 [62], 2; Socrat., Ep. 6, 2 οὐδέν; Sir 17:25; Pr 9:6), also leave behind, overcome (Isocr., 4 [Panegyr.] 50; 12 [Panathen.] 159; Harpocration p. 47, 6 Dind.: ἀπολελοιπότες• ἀντὶ τοῦ νενικηκότες; Lex. Vind. p. 7, 33) τὸν φόβον τοῦ θεοῦ abandon the fear of God 1 Cl 3:4. τὰς κενὰς φροντίδας empty cares 7:2. τὴν ματαιοπονίαν 9:1. μιαρὰς ἐπιθυμίας 28:1. τ. κενὴν ματαιολογίαν Pol 2:1; cp. 7:2.—M-M. Spicq. -
7 ἐκκόπτω
ἐκκόπτω fut. ἐκκόψω; 1 aor. ἐξέκοψα, impv. ἔκκοψον. Pass. 2 fut. ἐκκοπήσομαι Ro 11:22; 2 aor. pass. ἐξεκόπην; pf. pass. ptc. ἐκκεκομμένος LXX (Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX, En, Joseph., SibOr; Just., A I, 27, 2, D. 72, 3; on A I, 15, 2 cp. Mt 5:29 ἔξελε)① to cut so as to sever, cut off/down: of a tree cut down (Hdt. 9, 97; SIG 966, 33f; 41; PFay113, 10; Dt 20:19f; En 26:1; PsSol 12:3; Jos., Ant. 10, 52) Mt 3:10; 7:19; Lk 3:9 (Harpocration s.v. ὀξυθυμία: ἐκκόπτοντες … καίουσι useless trees); 13:7, 9. Of a branch cut off Ro 11:24, cp. vs. 22; of a hand Mt 5:30; 18:8 (cp. Philo, Sp. Leg. 3, 179 ‘does not mean that the body is to be deprived of a necessary part through mutilation’; cp. ὀφθαλμούς PsSol 4:20; Aeschines 1, 172 τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς; Maximus Tyr. 32, 10g; Syntipas p. 107, 2 γλῶτταν; Jos., Ant. 10, 140 τ. ὀφθαλμούς). Of a door, hew out of rock Hs 9, 2, 2 (cp. SibOr 5, 218 ἐ. πέτρην).② to do away with, exterminate fig. ext. of 1: of pers. (Hdt. 4, 110; Lysias 28, 6; Lucian, Jupp. Tr. 21; Jos., Vi. 193; Just., A I, 27, 2) ἐκ ῥιζῶν root and branch B 12:9. Of things (Epict. 2, 22, 34; Vett. Val. 268, 6; Herm. Wr. 1, 22; OGI 669, 64; Sb 4284, 8 τὰ βίαια καὶ ἄνομα; Job 19:10; 4 Macc 3:2, 3, 4) τὴν ἀθέμιτον ὀργήν root out the lawless anger 1 Cl 63:2. τὴν ἀφορμήν remove the occasion (=stop them from) 2 Cor 11:12 (s. ἀφορμή).—M-M. p. xxxii. TW.
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