-
1 Girard
n. Girard (eigennaam, familienaam) -
2 Girard
◙ n. ג'ירארד, שם פרטי לזכר; שם משפחה* * *◙ החפשמ םש ;רכזל יטרפ םש,דרארי'ג◄ -
3 girard
-
4 Girard, Philippe de
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]b. 1775 Franced. 1845[br]French developer of a successful flax-heckling machine for the preparation of fibres for power-spinning.[br]Early drawing and spinning processes failed to give linen yarn the requisite fineness and homogeneity. In 1810 Napoleon offered a prize of a million francs for a successful flax-spinning machine as part of his policy of stimulating the French textile industries. Spurred on by this offer, Girard suggested three improvements. He was too late to win the prize, but his ideas were patented in England in 1814, although not under his own name. He proposed that the fibres should be soaked in a very hot alkaline solution both before drawing and immediately before they went to the spindles. The actual drawing was to be done by passing the dried material through combs or gills that moved alternately; gill drawing was taken up in England in 1816. His method of wet spinning was never a commercial success, but his processes were adopted in part and developed in Britain and spread to Austria, Poland and France, for his ideas were essentially good and produced a superior product. The successful power-spinning of linen thread from flax depended primarily upon the initial processes of heckling and drawing. The heckling of the bundles or stricks of flax, so as to separate the long fibres of "line" from the shorter ones of "tow", was extremely difficult to mechanize, for each strick had to be combed on both sides in turn and then in the reverse direction. It was to this problem that Girard next turned his attention, inventing a successful machine in 1832 that subsequently was improved in England. The strick was placed between two vertical sheets of combs that moved opposite to each other, depositing the tow upon a revolving cylinder covered with a brush at the bottom of the machine, while the holder from which the strick was suspended moved up and down so as to help the teeth to penetrate deeper into the flax. The tow was removed from the cylinder at the bottom of the machine and taken away to be spun like cotton. The long line fibres were removed from the top of the machine and required further processing if the yarn was to be uniform.When N.L.Sadi Carnot's book Réflexions sur la puissance motrice du feu, was published in 1824, Girard made a favourable report on it.[br]Further ReadingM.Daumas (ed.), 1968, Histoire générale des techniques, Vol. III: L'Expansion duMachinisme, Paris.C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of'Technology, Vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press. T.K.Derry and T.I.Williams, 1960, A Short History of Technology from the EarliestTimes to AD 1900, Oxford.W.A.McCutcheon, 1966–7, "Water power in the North of Ireland", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 39 (discusses the spinning of flax and mentions Girard).RLH -
5 Girard treatment
s.tratamiento de Girard. -
6 Girard Bank v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
банк., юр., амер. ""Джирард Бэнк" против Совета управляющих Федеральной резервной системы"* (название судебного прецедента 1984 г.; благодаря решению суда Федеральная резервная система эффективно ограничила использование филиалов для обхода поправки Дугласа; суд поддержал вывод Совета управляющих ФРС, что приобретаемый банк находится вне штата по смыслу поправки Дугласа, несмотря на то, что имеет филиал в этом штате)See:Англо-русский экономический словарь > Girard Bank v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
-
7 Girard raster
Макаров: растр Жирара -
8 Girard's herniorrhaphy
1) Медицина: грыжесечение по Жирару2) Макаров: грыжесечение по Жирару (при паховой грыже)Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Girard's herniorrhaphy
-
9 Girard raster
-
10 Girard, Bernard
1918-1997Guionista y realizador de cine y, sobre todo, de television desde comienzos de los anos 50. Aunque su vulgar modo de hacer televisivo infecta la estetica de sus largometrajes, hay que reconocer que el primero de sus westerns es un filme muy atractivo, lo mismo que alguna otra de sus peliculas, ajenas al genero. Entre estas, por razones circunstanciales, hay que recordar The Party Crashers (1958), que fue la ultima pelicula que interpretaron Bobby Driscoll, antiguo nino prodigio del cine, muerto por sobredosis de droga en 1968, y Frances Farmer, destruida por el alcohol y la enfermedad mental, que murio en 1970 de un cancer. De Bobby Driscoll siempre se recordara su interpretacion en La isla del tesoro (Treasure Island, Byron Haskin, 1950), cuando contaba solo 13 anos de edad. De Frances Farmer, mas que una interpretacion concreta hay que citar la magnifica pelicula biografica Frances, dirigida por Graeme Clifford en 1982, e interpretada por una insuperable Jessica Lange.Ride Out for Revenge. 1957. 78 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Bryna Production (UA). Rory Calhoun, Gloria Grahame.Gone with the West (Lo que el Oeste se llevo). 1976. 92 minutos. Color DeLuxe. Cougar. James Caan, Stefanie Powers, Aldo Ray.English-Spanish dictionary of western films > Girard, Bernard
-
11 Girard turbine
சிராட்டுச் சுழலி -
12 frog, Girard's
1. LAT Zachaenus parvulus (Girard)2. RUS —3. ENG Girard's frog4. DEU —5. FRA grenouille f de GirardАреал обитания: Южная АмерикаDICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > frog, Girard's
-
13 snake, Girard's water
1. LAT Cantoria violacea Girard2. RUS фиолетовая змея f Жирара, фиолетовая кантория f3. ENG Girard's water snake4. DEU —5. FRA —Ареал обитания: Азия, Малайский архипелаг, Новая ГвинеяDICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > snake, Girard's water
-
14 snakes, Girard's water
2. RUS водяные змеи pl Жирара, кантории pl3. ENG Girard's water snakes4. DEU —5. FRA —Ареал обитания: Азия, МА, Новая ГвинеяDICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > snakes, Girard's water
-
15 inguinal canal plastic repair according to Girard-Spasokukotsky
inguinal canal plastic repair according to Girard-Spasokukotsky (Martynov, inguinal canal plastic repair according by Girard-Spasokukotsky (Martynov, Kukudzhanov)пластика пахового канала по Жирару-Спасокукоцкому (Мартынову, Кукуджанову)English-Russian dictionary of medicine > inguinal canal plastic repair according to Girard-Spasokukotsky
-
16 inguinal canal plastic repair according by Girard-Spasokukotsky
inguinal canal plastic repair according to Girard-Spasokukotsky (Martynov, inguinal canal plastic repair according by Girard-Spasokukotsky (Martynov, Kukudzhanov)пластика пахового канала по Жирару-Спасокукоцкому (Мартынову, Кукуджанову)English-Russian dictionary of medicine > inguinal canal plastic repair according by Girard-Spasokukotsky
-
17 hyperbolic two-dimensional Girard raster
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > hyperbolic two-dimensional Girard raster
-
18 жирар
girard -
19 2889
1. LAT Zachaenus parvulus (Girard)2. RUS —3. ENG Girard's frog4. DEU —5. FRA grenouille f de GirardАреал обитания: Южная Америка -
20 snakes, ground
1. LAT Amphiadris (Garment)2. RUS змеи pl Гармана3. ENG Garman's [ground] snakes4. DEU —5. FRA —Ареал обитания: Северная Америка1. LAT Carphophis Geravis2. RUS червевидные ужи pl, карфофисы pl3. ENG worm [ground] snakes4. DEU Wurmnattern pl, Wurmschlangen pl5. FRA —Ареал обитания: Северная Америка1. LAT Sonora Baird et Girard2. RUS сонорские ужи-пескоплавы pl3. ENG ground snakes4. DEU —5. FRA —Ареал обитания: Северная Америка, Центральная Америка1. LAT Virginia Baird et Girard2. RUS земляные ужи pl3. ENG ground [earth] snakes4. DEU Rauhnattern pl, Erdschlangen pl5. FRA —Ареал обитания: Северная АмерикаDICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES > snakes, ground
См. также в других словарях:
Girard — may refer to:PlacesIn the United States: *Girard, Alabama *Girard, Georgia *Girard, Illinois *Girard, Kansas *Girard, Michigan *Girard, Minnesota *Girard, Ohio *Girard, Pennsylvania *Girard, Texas *Girard Township, Macoupin County, Illinois… … Wikipedia
Girard — ist der Name mehrerer Orte in den Vereinigten Staaten: Girard (Georgia) Girard (Illinois) Girard (Kansas) Girard (Louisiana) Girard (Michigan) Girard (Ohio) Girard (Pennsylvania) Girard (Texas) Girard oder de Girard ist der Familienname von:… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Girard — Girard, OH U.S. city in Ohio Population (2000): 10902 Housing Units (2000): 4937 Land area (2000): 6.112646 sq. miles (15.831680 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.484550 sq. miles (1.254978 sq. km) Total area (2000): 6.597196 sq. miles (17.086658 sq.… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Girard — Girard, puede ser René Girard (1923 ), filósofo Noel Jules Girard (1816 1886), escultor Lugares en Estados Unidos Girard (Pensilvania) Autores de nombres botánicos Frédéric de Girar … Wikipedia Español
GIRARD (R.) — GIRARD RENÉ (1923 ) Chartiste de formation, René Girard a fait carrière aux États Unis: archiviste paléographe, il a été reçu docteur de l’université d’Indiana, puis est devenu professeur à la Johns Hopkins University. Parti de la critique… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Girard — [ʒi raːr], 1) Albert, französischer Mathematiker, * Saint Mihiel (bei Commercy) 1595, ✝ Leiden 8. 12. 1632. In seinem Hauptwerk »Invention nouvelle en l algèbre« (1629) zeigt sich Girard als Schüler von F. Viète. Neben zahlentheoretischen… … Universal-Lexikon
Girard — (spr. schirār), 1) Stephen, Philanthrop, geb. 24. Mai 1750 in der Nähe von Bordeaux als Sohn eines Schiffskapitäns, gest. 26. Dez. 1831 in Philadelphia, erwarb sich in Amerika als Seefahrer und Kaufmann ein bedeutendes Vermögen. Als Privatmann… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
GIRARD (P. de) — GIRARD PHILIPPE DE (1775 1845) Inventeur et industriel français, né à Lourmarin (Provence) et mort à Paris. En 1804, Napoléon lance un concours, doté d’un prix de un million, pour une machine qui permettrait de filer convenablement le lin,… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Girard, GA — U.S. town in Georgia Population (2000): 227 Housing Units (2000): 111 Land area (2000): 3.194104 sq. miles (8.272692 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.005424 sq. miles (0.014049 sq. km) Total area (2000): 3.199528 sq. miles (8.286741 sq. km) FIPS code … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Girard, IL — U.S. city in Illinois Population (2000): 2245 Housing Units (2000): 926 Land area (2000): 0.935865 sq. miles (2.423878 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 0.935865 sq. miles (2.423878 sq. km) FIPS… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Girard, KS — U.S. city in Kansas Population (2000): 2773 Housing Units (2000): 1219 Land area (2000): 1.897448 sq. miles (4.914367 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.007707 sq. miles (0.019960 sq. km) Total area (2000): 1.905155 sq. miles (4.934327 sq. km) FIPS… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places