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1 Euclides
I.A philosopher of Megara, a disciple of Socrates and founder of the Megaric sect, Cic. Ac. 2, 42, 129; Gell. 6, 10, 10; Sid. Carm. 2, 176.—II.A mathematician in Alexandria under Ptolemy Philadelphus, Cic. de Or. 3, 33, 132. -
2 Euclides
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3 geometri bukan-Euclides
non-euclidean geometry -
4 algoritmo de Euclides
• Euclid's algorithm -
5 geometría de Euclides
• Euclidean geometry -
6 norma de Euclides
• Euclidean norm -
7 Megareus
1.Mĕgărēus (quadrisyl.), a, um, adj. = Megareios, of or belonging to the city of Megara (in Megaris), Megarean (class.):Euclides Socratis discipulus, Megareus,
Cic. Ac. 2, 42, 129. -
8 ψεύδω
A , X.Cyr.1.5.13: [tense] aor. , Plb.18.11.11, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.ψευσθήσομαι S.Tr. 712
, Gal.15.143: [tense] aor.ἐψεύσθην Hdt.1.141
, etc.: [tense] pf. ἔψευσμαι (v. infr.); imper.ἐψεύσθω Aeschin.1.162
:—cheat by lies, beguile, τινα S.OC 628, etc.:—[voice] Pass., to be cheated, deceived, A.Ch. 759, etc.; εἰ μὴ πολύ γε ἔψευσμαι unless I am much deceived, Antipho 3.2.1.2 c. gen., cheat, balk, disappoint one of a thing,ψεύσει σ' ὁδοῦ τῆσδ' ἐλπίς E.Hec. 1031
;ἔψευσας φρενῶν Πέρσας A.Pers. 472
; ;πιστεύω.. μὴ ψεύσειν με.. τὰς ἐλπίδας X.Cyr.1.5.13
; :—[voice] Pass., to be cheated balked, disappointed, τινος of a thing, ψευσθῆναι ἐλπίδος, γάμου, Hdt.1.141, 5.47; (lyr.); (troch.); ψευσθέντες τῶν σκοπῶν disappointed of receiving tidings from the scouts, Th.8.103.3 in [voice] Pass., also, to be deceived, mistaken in or about a thing, ἐψευσμένοι γνώμης deceived in their judgement, mistaken in opinion, Hdt.8.40, cf. S.Tr. 712 (alsoψευσθῆναι γνώμῃ Hdt.7.9
.γ) ; ἐψευσμένοι τῆς Ἀθηναίων δυνάμεως deceived or mistaken in their notions of the Athenian power, Th.4.108; πολλῶν ἐψεύσθητε τῆς οὐσίας you have often had a mistaken idea of a man's wealth, Lys.19.45;τούτου οὐκ ἐψεύσθην Pl.Ap. 22d
;ἐψεῦσθαι τῆς ἀληθείας Id.R. 413a
;τῆς ὥρας And.1.38
;ἐψευσμένοι τῶν ὄντων Pl.Tht. 195a
; ἐψεῦσθαι ἑαυτῶν, opp. εἰδέναι ἑαυτούς, X.Mem.4.2.26; alsoψευσθῆναι ἔν τισι Hdt.9.48
;περί τινος X.An.2.6.28
, Pl.Prt. 358c: also c. acc.,ἐψεύσθη τοῦτο X.An.1.8.11
, etc.; αὐτοὺς ἐψευσμένη ἡ Ἑλλάς deceived in its estimate of them, Th.6.17 (where αὐτοὺς is prob. corrupt, and shd. perh. be omitted): c. acc. cogn., εὐτυχέστατον ψεῦσμα ἐψευσμένος most happily deceived or mistaken, Pl.Men. 71d: more rarely in [voice] Act., καί μ' ἔψευσας ἐλπίδος πολύ thou hast much belied my expectation, i.e. turned out better than I feared, S.Aj. 1382.4 of statements, to be untrue, ἡ τρίτη τῶν ὁδῶν μάλιστα ἔψευσται the third mode of explanation is most untrue, most mistaken, Hdt.2.22.II c. acc. rei, like ψευδοποιέω 11, represent a thing as a lie, falsify, (prob. for σημάτων) ; ψεύδει ἡ πίνοια τὴν γνώμην afterthought gives opinion the lie, Id.Ant. 389:— [voice] Pass., ἢν τάδε ψευσθῇ λέγων if his word prove (lit. be proved) false, Id.Ph. 1342; ἡ ψευσθεῖσα ὑπόσχεσις the promise broken, Th.3.66; have been falsely reported,D.
52.23; in E.Andr. 346 for ἀλλὰ ψεύσεται it will be falsely said, Porson's correction ἐψεύσεται is probable ( πεύσεται Kiehl).B earlier and more common [full] ψεύδομαι, imper.ψεύδεο Il.4.404
(the [voice] Act. is very rare in [dialect] Att. Prose): [tense] fut.ψεύσομαι Hom.
, Pi., [dialect] Att.: aor ἐψευσάμην, v. infr.: [tense] fut. 2 ἐψεύσομαι ( will have made a false statement) Gal.15.137(s. v.l.): [tense] pf.ἔψευσμαι X.An.1.3.10
.I abs., lie, speak false, play false,ψεύσομαι ἦ ἔτυμον ἐρέω; Il.10.534
, Od.4.140;οὐκ οἶδα ψεύδεσθαι h.Merc. 369
;οὐ ψεύσομ' ἀμφὶ Κορίνθῳ Pi.O.13.52
;περί τινος Pl.Prt. 347a
; ψ. κατά τινος, opp. λέγειν τἀληθῆ κατά τινος, Id.Euthd. 284a, Lys.22.7;ψ. πρός τινα X.An.1.3.5
;ψ. τινι Act.Ap. 5.4
andεἴς τινα Ep.Col.3.9
.2 c. inf., say falsely, pretend that.., Plu.2.506d.3 c. acc. rei, say that which is untrue, whether intentionally or not,τοῦτό γ' οὐκ ἐψεύσατο Ar.Ec. 445
;οὐδὲν αὐτῶν ψεύδεται Id.Ach. 561
;κἂν λάβῃς ἐψευσμένον, φάσκειν ἔμ' ἤδη μαντικῇ μηδὲν φρονεῖν S.OT 461
;ἐάν τι μὴ ἀληθὲς λέγω.., εἰπὲ ὅτι τοῦτο ψεύδομαι· ἑκὼν γὰρ εἶναι οὐδὲν ψεύσομαι Pl.Smp. 214e
, cf. X.Mem.4.2.19;περὶ ὧν ἔψευσται διδάσκειν ὑμᾶς Lys.3.21
.5 ὁ ψευδόμενος, the Liar, name of a fallacy or logical puzzle invented by Eubulides, a disciple of Euclides of Megara, Thphr. ap. D.L.2.108, cf. Chrysipp.Stoic.2.92 ( ψευδόμενος is an interpolation inὁ σοφιστικὸς λόγος ψ. Arist.EN 1146a22
).II like [voice] Act. 11, belie, falsify, ὅρκια ψεύσασθαι break them, Il.7.352; soσυνθήκας ψ. X.Ages.1.12
;γάμους E.Ba. 31
, 245; so in [tense] plpf.,ἔψευστο τὴν ξυμμαχίαν Th.5.83
; so also οὐκ ἐψεύσαντο τὰς ἀπειλάς they did not belie, i.e. they made good, their threats, Hdt.6.32; τὰ χρήματα.. ἐψευσμένοι ἦσαν had broken their word about the money, X.An.5.6.35.III like [voice] Act. 1, deceive by lies, cheat,Αοξίαν ἐψευσάμην A.Ag. 1208
, cf. X.HG3.1.25; also ψ. τινά τι deceive one in a thing, S.OC 1145, E.Alc. 808; ἅπερ αὐτὸν οὐ ψεύσομαι and therein I will not disappoint him (ironical), i.e. I will carry out my threat, And.1.123; τῶν ἔργων ὧν ἂν τὸν ἐκδόντα ψεύσηται (ὧν being in gen. by attraction) Pl.Lg. 921a.IV of combinations of words, make a false statement, Arist.Int. 16a3. -
9 παραβολή
παραβολή, ῆς, ἡ (παραβάλλω; Pla., Isocr.+; ins, pap, LXX; En; TestSol 20:4; Just.; Mel., P.—JWackernagel, Parabola: IndogF 31, 1912/13, 262–67)① someth. that serves as a model or example pointing beyond itself for later realization, type, figure παραβολὴ εἰς τὸν καιρὸν τὸν ἐνεστηκότα a symbol (pointing) to the present age Hb 9:9. ἐν παραβολῇ as a type (of the violent death and of the resurrection of Christ) 11:19. λέγει ὁ προφήτης παραβολὴν κυρίου B 6:10, where the mng. may be the prophet is uttering a parable of the Lord (Goodsp.), or the prophet speaks of the Lord in figurative language (Kleist), or the prophet speaks in figurative language given him by the Lord. W. αἴνιγμα PtK 4 p. 15, 31. The things of the present or future cannot be understood by the ordinary Christian διὰ τὸ ἐν παραβολαῖς κεῖσθαι because they are expressed in figures B 17:2.② a narrative or saying of varying length, designed to illustrate a truth especially through comparison or simile, comparison, illustration, parable, proverb, maxim.ⓐ in the synoptics the word refers to a variety of illustrative formulations in the teaching of Jesus (in Mt 17 times, in Mk 13 times, in Lk 18 times; cp. Euclides [400 B.C.] who, acc. to Diog. L. 2, 107, rejected ὁ διὰ παραβολῆς λόγος; Aristot., Rhet. 2, 20, 2ff; Περὶ ὕψους 37; Vi. Aesopi II p. 307, 15 Eb.; Biogr. p. 87 Ὁμήρου παραβολαί; Philo, Conf. Lingu. 99; Jos., Ant. 8, 44. The Gk. OT also used παραβολή for various words and expressions that involve comparison, including riddles [s. Jülicher below: I2 32–40].—En 1:2; 3. Cp. π. κυριακαί Iren. 1, 8, 1 [Harv I 67, 1]). For prob. OT influence on the use of comparison in narrative s. Ezk 17. λέγειν, εἰπεῖν παραβολήν: Lk 13:6; 16:19 D; 19:11 (begins the longest ‘parable’ in the synoptics: 17 verses). τινί to someone 4:23 (the briefest ‘parable’: 3 words; here and in the next passage π.=proverb, quoted by Jesus); 6:39; 18:1; 21:29. πρός τινα to someone 5:36; 12:16, 41; 14:7; 15:3; 18:9; 20:9; with reference to someone Mk 12:12; Lk 20:19. παραβολὴν λαλεῖν τινι Mt 13:33. παραβολὴν παρατιθέναι τινί put a parable before someone vss. 24, 31. τελεῖν τὰς παραβολάς finish the parables vs. 53. διασαφεῖν (v.l. φράζειν) τινι τὴν παραβολήν vs. 36. φράζειν τινὶ τὴν παρ. explain the parable 15:15. ἀκούειν Mt 13:18; 21:33, 45. γνῶναι and εἰδέναι understand Mk 4:13b et al. μαθεῖν τὴν παρ. ἀπό τινος learn the parable from someth. Mt 24:32; Mk 13:28. (ἐπ)ἐρωτᾶν τινα τὴν παρ. ask someone the mng. of the parable Mk 7:17 (in ref. to vs. 15); cp. 4:10. Also ἐπερωτᾶν τινα περὶ τῆς παρ. 7:17 v.l.; ἐπηρώτων αὐτὸν τίς εἴη ἡ παρ. they asked him what the parable meant Lk 8:9; the answer to it: ἔστιν δὲ αὕτη ἡ παρ. but the parable means this vs. 11.—παραβολαῖς λαλεῖν τινί τι Mk 4:33. W. the gen. of that which forms the subj. of the parable ἡ παρ. τοῦ σπείραντος Mt 13:18. τῶν ζιζανίων vs. 36 (cp. ἡ περὶ τοῦ … τελώνου παρ. Orig., C. Cels. 3, 64, 11).—W. a prep.: εἶπεν διὰ παραβολῆς Lk 8:4 (Orig., C. Cels. 1, 5, 11).—χωρὶς παραβολῆς οὐδὲν ἐλάλει αὐτοῖς Mt 13:34b; Mk 4:34.—Mostly ἐν: τιθέναι τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν παραβολῇ present the Reign of God in a parable vs. 30. ἐν παραβολαῖς λαλεῖν τινι Mt 13:10, 13; Mk 12:1. ἐν παραβολαῖς λέγειν τινί Mt 22:1; Mk 3:23. λαλεῖν τινί τι ἐν παραβολαῖς Mt 13:3, 34a. διδάσκειν τινά τι ἐν παραβολαῖς Mk 4:2. ἀνοίξω ἐν παραβολαῖς τὸ στόμα μου Mt 13:35 (Ps 77:2). γίνεταί τινί τι ἐν παραβολαῖς someth. comes to someone in the form of parables Mk 4:11; cp. Lk 8:10. According to Eus. (3, 39, 11), Papias presented some unusual parables of the Savior, i.e. ascribed to Jesus: Papias (2:11).—AJülicher, Die Gleichnisreden Jesu I2 1899; II 1899 [the older lit. is given here I 203–322]; GHeinrici, RE VI 688–703, XXIII 561f; CBugge, Die Hauptparabeln Jesu 1903; PFiebig, Altjüdische Gleichnisse und d. Gleichnisse Jesu 1904, D. Gleichnisse Jesu im Lichte der rabb. Gleich. 1912, D. Erzählungsstil der Ev. 1925; LFonck, Die Parabeln des Herrn3 1909 (w. much lit. on the individual parables), The Parables of the Gospel3 1918; JKögel, BFCT XIX 6, 1915; MMeinertz, Die Gleichnisse Jesu 1916; 4th ed. ’48; HWeinel, Die Gleichnisse Jesu5 1929; RBultmann, D. Geschichte der synoptischen Tradition2 ’31, 179–222; MDibelius, D. Formgeschichte des Ev.2 33; EBuonaiuti, Le parabole di Gesù: Religio 10–13, ’34–37; WOesterly, The Gospel Parables in the Light of Their Jewish Background ’36; EWechssler, Hellas im Ev. ’36, 267–85; CDodd, The Parables of the Kgdm.3 ’36; BSmith, The Par. of the Syn. Gosp. ’37; WMichaelis, Es ging e. Sämann aus. zu säen ’38; OPiper, The Understanding of the Syn. Par.: EvQ 14, ’42, 42–53; CMasson, Les Paraboles de Marc IV ’45; JJeremias, D. Gleichn. Jesu4 ’56 (Eng. tr. ’55); ELinnemann, Jesus of the Parables, tr. JSturdy, ’66; AWeiser, D. Knechtsgleichnisse der synopt. Evv. ’71; JKingsbury, The Parables of Jesus in Mt 13, ’69; FDanker, Fresh Persp. on Mt, CTM 41, ’70, 478–90; JKingsbury, ibid. 42, ’71, 579–96; TManson, The Teaching of Jesus, ’55, 57–86; JSider, Biblica 62, ’81, 453–70 (synoptists); ECuvillier, Le concept de ΠΑΡΑΒΟΛΗ dans le second évangile ’93.ⓑ Apart fr. the Syn. gospels, παρ. is found in our lit. freq. in Hermas (as heading: Hs 1:1; 2:1; 3:1; 4:1; 5:1; [6:1; 7:1; 8:1]) but not independently of the synoptic tradition. Hermas uses παρ. only once to designate a real illustrative (double) parable, in m 11:18. Elsewh παρ. is for Hermas an enigmatic presentation that is somet. seen in a vision, somet. expressed in words, but in any case is in need of detailed interpretation: w. gen. of content (s. a above) τοῦ πύργου about the tower Hv 3, 3, 2. τοῦ ἀγροῦ about the field Hs 5, 4, 1. τῶν ὀρέων 9, 29, 4. δηλοῦν τὴν παραβολήν 5, 4, 1a. παρ. ἐστιν ταῦτα 5, 4, 1b. ἀκούειν τὴν παραβολήν v 3, 3, 2; 3, 12, 1; Hs 5, 2, 1. παραβολὰς λαλεῖν τινι 5, 4, 2a. τὰ ῥήματα τὰ λεγόμενα διὰ παραβολῶν 5, 4, 3b; γράφειν τὰς παρ. v 5:5f; Hs 9, 1, 1; συνιέναι τὰς παρ. m 10, 1, 3. γινώσκειν Hs 5, 3, 1a; 9, 5, 5. νοεῖν m 10, 1, 4; Hs 5, 3, 1b. ἐπιλύειν τινὶ παρ. 5, 3, 1c; 5, 4, 2b; 3a. συντελεῖν 9, 29, 4. ἡ ἐπίλυσις τῆς παρ. explanation, interpretation of the parable 5, 6, 8; αἱ ἐπιλύσεις τῶν παρ. 5, 5, 1. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ εἰς δούλου τρόπον κεῖται ἐν τῇ παρ. the Son of God appears in the parable as a slave 5, 5, 5. ἡ παρ. εἰς τοὺς δούλους τοῦ θεοῦ κεῖται the par. refers to the slaves of God 2:4.—S. also the headings to the various parts of the third division of Hermas (the Parables) and on Hermas gener. s. Jülicher, op. cit. I 204–209.—εἰ δὲ δεῖ ἡμᾶς καὶ ἀπὸ τῶν σπερμάτων μὴ ποιεῖσθαι τὴν παρ. but if we are not to draw our comparison from the (action of) the seeds AcPlCor 2:28.—BScott, Profiles of Jesus, Parables: The Fourth R 10, ’97, 3–14.—B. 1262. DELG s.v. βάλλω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.
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