CaLV

calvin( ist) isch Calvinist(ic)

alvus, i, f. (m., Att. ap. Prisc. p. 654 P.; 718 ib., and Non. 193, 26; Calv., Ael. Cin., and Laber. ap. Charis. p. 61 P.) [for aluus from alo: venter feminae ab alendo dicta, Paul. ex Fest. p. 8 Müll. and so Varr.; acc. to others kindr. with Sanscr. ulvam = uterus, and this again connected with vulva, volvo; eluô eiluô; Sanscr. val = to turn; O. H. Germ. wallen = to roll], the belly, the paunch, the bowels.

Lit.:

purgatio alvi,

Cic. N. D. 3, 22:

forsitan purgat alvum,

Vulg. Jud. 3, 24; 3, 22; cf. Cic. N. D. 2, 50:

solvere,

Cels. 1, 3:

exonerare,

Plin. 10, 44, 61, § 126:

inanire,

id. 20, 3, 8, § 14 et saep.:

non descendit alvus,

is costive, Cels. 2, 7:

cui satis alvus reddit cotidie,

id. 2, 12, n. 2:

alvus cita,

active, id. 1, 6:

alvum bonam facere,

Cato, R. R. 114:

movere,

id. ib. 115:

citare,

Col. 7, 9, 9:

adstringere alvum,

to make costive, Cels. 1, 3; so also: cohibere, comprimere, supprimere, firmare, sistere, inhibere, etc., to bind, constipate, etc.—In plur.:

ad eliciendas alvos,

Plin. 19, 5, 26, § 2.—Hence, for excrement:

alvus varia,

Cels. 2, 6:

alvus liquida, nigra, pallida, pinguis,

id. ib.; and for flux, diarrhœa: alvus corpus ac vires carpit, Col. 6, 7.—

Transf.

The womb:

in alvo gestare,

Plaut. Stich. 2, 1, 5;

twice in Cic.: cum praegnans Dionysium alvo contineret,

Cic. Div. 1, 20:

spes in alvo commendata,

id. Clu. 12; so Hor. C. 4, 6, 20; id. A. P. 340 al.—

The stomach, the digestive organs, Cic. N. D. 2, 54; so id. ib. 2, 50; Ov. M. 6, 651.—

A beehive (very freq.):

mediā alvo, quā introeant apes,

Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 15:

alvi melle plenae,

Plin. 21, 12, 43, § 73:

si plenae alvi fuerint,

id. 11, 15, 15, § 40:

(apes) alvo se continent,

id. 11, 16, 15, § 43; Col. 9, 8, 1; 9, 14, 7; so id. 9, 15, 11.—

Of the basin of the molten sea in the Jewish temple:

(boves) alvum maris circuibant,

Vulg. 2 Par. 4, 3.

per-frĭco, cui, cātum, and ctum, āre, v. a.

Lit., to rub all over, to rub or scratch (class.):

caput unguento,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 62:

totam faciem fuligine,

Petr. 22; Cels. 3, 14:

totum corpus,

id. 1, 3; Plin. 28, 12, 51, § 190: perfrictis oculis, App. M. 2, p. 125, 28:

dentes,

Ov. A. A. 3, 216:

caput sinistrā manu perfricans,

scratching his head, Cic. Pis. 25, 61.—

Transf.: frontem, faciem, os, to rub one's forehead or face, in order to make one's blushes disappear; hence, to lay aside all sense of shame, to cast off shame, summon one's assurance, put on a bold face (class.):

cum os perfricuisti,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 41:

vitiosa sunt illa... perfricare faciem et quasi improbam facere,

Quint. 11, 3, 160:

cum perfricuit frontem posuitque pudorem,

Mart. 11, 27, 7: perfrica frontem et dic, Calv. ap. Quint. 9, 2, 25: perfricui faciem, Plin. H. N. praef. § 4.

vĕhĕmenter ( vēmenter), adv. [vehemens].

(Acc. to vehemens, I.) Eagerly, impetuously, ardently, violently, earnestly, vehemently, etc.:

vehementer irata,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 64; id. Merc. 5, 2, 82:

vos credere hoc mihi vehementer velim,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 39:

se agere,

Cic. Phil. 8, 5, 16:

quae vehementer, acriter, animose fiunt,

id. Tusc. 4, 23, 51:

vehementer eos incusavit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

commotus,

id. ib. 1, 37.— Comp.:

insectari aliquem vehementius,

Cic. Lael. 16, 57:

nisi alicui vehementius minari,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 149:

vehementius equos incitare,

Caes. B. C. 2, 41.— Sup.:

vehementissime contendere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 17:

proeliari, Auct. B. G. 8, 30: vehementissime sibi animum ad virtutem adcendi,

Sall. J. 4, 5. —

(Acc. to vehemens, II.) Strongly, forcibly, powerfully, exceedingly, extremely, very much:

fluctuare video vehementer mare,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 12:

astringere manus,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 9; cf. id. Curc. 4, 4, 12; id. Mil. 2, 2, 50:

vehementer id retinebatur,

Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 56:

hoc te vehementer etiam atque etiam rogo,

id. Att. 16, 16, D:

displicere,

id. ib. 13, 21, 3:

quod vehementer ad has res Attinet,

Lucr. 4, 29: (res) vehementer ad me pertinet, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10:

vitium vehementer effugere,

Lucr. 4, 823.— Comp.:

ingemere vehementer,

Cic. Rep. 6, 12, 12.— Sup.:

se vehementissime exercere in aliquā re,

Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 152: probare, Licin. Calv. ap. Charis. p. 198 P.

vĕhĕmenter ( vēmenter), adv. [vehemens].

(Acc. to vehemens, I.) Eagerly, impetuously, ardently, violently, earnestly, vehemently, etc.:

vehementer irata,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 6, 64; id. Merc. 5, 2, 82:

vos credere hoc mihi vehementer velim,

Ter. Eun. 5, 8, 39:

se agere,

Cic. Phil. 8, 5, 16:

quae vehementer, acriter, animose fiunt,

id. Tusc. 4, 23, 51:

vehementer eos incusavit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

commotus,

id. ib. 1, 37.— Comp.:

insectari aliquem vehementius,

Cic. Lael. 16, 57:

nisi alicui vehementius minari,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 66, § 149:

vehementius equos incitare,

Caes. B. C. 2, 41.— Sup.:

vehementissime contendere,

Caes. B. C. 3, 17:

proeliari, Auct. B. G. 8, 30: vehementissime sibi animum ad virtutem adcendi,

Sall. J. 4, 5. —

(Acc. to vehemens, II.) Strongly, forcibly, powerfully, exceedingly, extremely, very much:

fluctuare video vehementer mare,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 1, 12:

astringere manus,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 9; cf. id. Curc. 4, 4, 12; id. Mil. 2, 2, 50:

vehementer id retinebatur,

Cic. Rep. 2, 32, 56:

hoc te vehementer etiam atque etiam rogo,

id. Att. 16, 16, D:

displicere,

id. ib. 13, 21, 3:

quod vehementer ad has res Attinet,

Lucr. 4, 29: (res) vehementer ad me pertinet, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10:

vitium vehementer effugere,

Lucr. 4, 823.— Comp.:

ingemere vehementer,

Cic. Rep. 6, 12, 12.— Sup.:

se vehementissime exercere in aliquā re,

Cic. de Or. 1, 33, 152: probare, Licin. Calv. ap. Charis. p. 198 P.

φύσις, εως, ἡ (φύω; Hom.+)

① condition or circumstance as determined by birth, natural endowment/condition, nature, esp. as inherited fr. one’s ancestors, in contrast to status or characteristics that are acquired after birth (Isocr. 4, 105 φύσει πολίτης; Isaeus 6, 28 φύσει υἱός; Pla., Menex. 245d φύσει βάρβαροι, νόμῳ Ἕλληνες; Just., A I, 1, 1 Καίσαρος φύσει υἱῷ; SIG 720, 3; OGI 472, 4; 558, 6 al.; PFay 19, 11.—Theoph. Ant. 1, 13 [p. 86, 16]) ἡμεῖς φύσει Ἰουδαῖοι Gal 2:15 (cp. Ptolemaeus, Περὶ Ἡρῴδου τ. βασιλέως: no. 199 Jac. [I A.D.] Ἰουδαῖοι … ἐξ ἀρχῆς φυσικοί; Jos., Ant. 7, 130; φύσει Λιμναίου IK XXXVII, 15, 3 of the birth daughter of L. in contrast to her adoptive relationship w. one named Arsas). ἡ ἐκ φύσεως ἀκροβυστία the uncircumcision that is so by nature (a ref. to non-Israelites, who lack the moral cultivation of those who are circumcised and yet ‘observe the upright requirements of the law’ [Ro 2:26]. Israelites who violate their responsibilities to God, despite their privileged position indicated by receipt of circumcision and special revelation, run the risk of placing themselves in the condition of the uncircumcised) Ro 2:27. ἤμεθα τέκνα φύσει ὀργῆς we were, in our natural condition (as descendants of Adam), subject to (God’s) wrath Eph 2:3 (the position of φύσει betw. the two words as Plut., Mor. 701a; DTurner, Grace Theological Journal 1, ’80, 195–219). The Christians of Tralles have a blameless disposition οὐ κατὰ χρῆσιν, ἀλλὰ κατὰ φύσιν not from habit, but by nature ITr 1:1 (here the contrast is between perfunctory virtue and spontaneous or instinctive behavior; Pindar sim. extolled the virtues of athletes who, in contrast to those w. mere acquired learning, reflected their ancestral breeding for excellence: O. 7, 90–92; P. 10, 11–14; N. 3, 40–42; 6, 8–16). οἱ κατὰ φύσιν κλάδοι the natural branches Ro 11:21, 24c. ἡ κατὰ φύσιν ἀγριέλαιος a tree which by nature is a wild olive vs. 24a; opp. παρὰ φύσιν contrary to nature vs. 24b; s. lit. s.v. ἀγριέλαιος and ἐλαία 1. On κατὰ and παρὰ φύσιν s. MPohlenz, Die Stoa I ’48, 488c.

② the natural character of an entity, natural characteristic/disposition (χρυσὸς … τὴν ἰδίαν φ. διαφυλάττει Iren. 1, 6, 2 [Harv. I 55, 2]; Hippol., Ref. 5, 8, 12) ἡ φύσις ἡ ἀνθρωπίνη human nature (Pla., Tht. 149b, Tim. 90c; Aristot. 1286b, 27; Epict. 2, 20, 18; Philo, Ebr. 166 al.; Aelian, VH 8, 11 τῶν ἀνθρώπων φύσις θνητή; TestJob 3:3 ἡ ἀνθρωπίνη φ.; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 52, 13; Just., A II, 6, 3 τῇ φύσει τῶν ἀνθρώπων) Js 3:7b (unless the sense should be humankind, s. 4 below). Euphemistically: παρθένος ἐγέννησεν, ἃ οὐ χωρεῖ ἡ φύσις αὐτῆς while remaining a virgin, a virgin has had a child or a virgin has given birth, something that does not accord w. her natural condition (as a virgin) GJs 19:3. τὸ ἀδύνατον τῆς ἡμετέρας φύσεως the weakness of our nature Dg 9:6. θείας κοινωνοὶ φύσεως sharers in the divine nature 2 Pt 1:4 (cp. ὅσοι φύσεως κοινωνοῦντες ἀνθρω[πίν]ης IReisenKN, p. 371, 46f; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 232 θείας μετεσχηκέναι φύσεως; Himerius, Or. 48 [=Or. 14], 26 of Dionysus: πρὶν εἰς θεῶν φύσιν ἐλθεῖν=before he attained to the nature of the gods; Ar. 13, 5 μία φ. τῶν θεῶν. Difft. AWolters, Calvin Theological Journal 25, ’90, 28–44 ‘partners of the Deity’).—Also specif. of sexual characteristics (Diod S 16, 26, 6 originally παρθένοι prophesied in Delphi διὰ τὸ τῆς φύσεως ἀδιάφθορον=because their sexuality was uncorrupted. φύσις of sex and its change Dicaearchus, Fgm. 37 W.; ἑρμαφροδίτου φ. Iren. 1, 11, 5 [Harv. I 108, 8]. Obviously φ. also has the concrete mng. ‘sex organ’: Nicander, Fgm. 107; Diod S 32, 10, 7 φ. ἄρρενος corresponding to φ. θηλείας following immediately; Anton. Lib. 41, 5; Phlegon: 257 Fgm. 36, 2, 1 Jac.). In the context of Mary’s virginal delivery ἐραυνήσω τὴν φύσιν αὐτῆς= I will examine whether she remains a virgin GJs 19:3b; 20:1 (where Tdf. with codd. reads ἔβαλε Σαλώμη τὸν δάκτυλον αὐτῆς εἰς τὴν φύσιν αὐτῆς [cp. J 20:25]). The hyena παρʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἀλλάσσει τὴν φύσιν changes its nature every year, fr. male to female and vice versa B 10:7 (s. ὕαινα). Polytheists worship τοῖς φύσει μὴ οὖσιν θεοῖς beings that are by nature no gods at all Gal 4:8 (s. CLanger, Euhemeros u. die Theorie der φύσει u. θέσει θεοί: Αγγελος II 1926, 53–59; Mel., P. 8, 58 φύσει θεὸς ὢν καὶ ἄνθρωπος; Synes., Prov. 1, 9 p. 97c τοῖς φύσει θεοῖς; Diod S 3, 9, 1 differentiates between two kinds of gods: some αἰώνιον ἔχειν κ. ἄφθαρτον τὴν φύσιν, others θνητῆς φύσεως κεκοινωνηκέναι κ. διʼ ἀρετὴν … τετευχέναι τιμῶν ἀθανάτων=some ‘have an everlasting and incorruptible nature’, others ‘share mortal nature and then, because of their personal excellence, … attain immortal honors’).—ὅταν ἔθνη φύσει τὰ τοῦ νόμου ποιῶσιν when gentiles spontaneously (i.e. without extraneous legal instruction; cp. the prophetic ideal Jer 31:32–34) fulfill the demands of the (Mosaic) law Ro 2:14 (s. WMundle, Theol. Blätter 13, ’34, 249–56 [the gentile as Christian under direction of the πνεῦμα]; difft. s. 3 below).

③ the regular or established order of things, nature (Ar. 4, 2 κατὰ ἀπαραίτητον φύσεως ἀνάγκην=in accordance with the non-negotiable order of things; Ath. 3, 1 νόμῳ φύσεως) μετήλλαξαν τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν εἰς τὴν παρὰ φύσιν they exchanged the natural function for one contrary to nature Ro 1:26 (Diod S 32, 11, 1 παρὰ φύσιν ὁμιλία; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 109 §511; Athen. 13, 605d οἱ παρὰ φύσιν τῇ Ἀφροδίτῃ χρώμενοι=those who indulge in Aphrodite contrary to nature; TestNapht 3:4; Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 39 ὁ παιδεραστὴς τὴν παρὰ φύσιν ἡδονὴν διώκει=a lover of boys pursues unnatural pleasure; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 273; Tat. 3:4; Ath. 26, 2; on φ. as definer of order s. JKube, ΤΕΧΝΗ und ΑΡΕΤΗ ’69, esp. 44–46; on relation to κτίσι in Paul, s. OWischmeyer, ZTK 93, ’96, 352–75). ὅταν ἔθνη φύσει τὰ τοῦ νόμου ποιῶσιν when gentiles fulfil the law’s demands by following the natural order (of things) Ro 2:14 (cp. Ltzm., Hdb., exc. on Ro 2:14–16; but s. 2 above). ἡ φύσις διδάσκει ὑμᾶς 1 Cor 11:14 (Epict. 1, 16, 9f; Plut., Mor. 478d; Synes., Calv. [Baldhead] 14 p. 78c φύσις as well as νόμος prescribes long hair for women, short hair for men.—Ltzm., Hdb. ad loc.). τὸ ὄνομα, ὸ̔ κέκτησθε φύσει δικαίᾳ the name which you bear because of a just natural order IEph 1:1 (s. Hdb. ad loc.—τῇ φ. τὸ ἀγαθὸν ἀνώφορόν ἐστιν Did., Gen. 21, 5.—JKleist, transl. ’46, 119 n. 2 suggests ‘natural disposition’).—RGrant, Miracle and Natural Law ’52, 4–18.

④ an entity as a product of nature, natural being, creature (X., Cyr. 6, 2, 29 πᾶσα φύσις=every creature; 3 Macc 3:29.—Diod S 2, 49, 4 plants are called φύσεις καρποφοροῦσαι; 3, 6, 2 θνητὴ φ.= a mortal creature. Ps.-Callisth. 1, 10, 1 ἀνθρωπίνη φ. = a human creature. It can also mean species [X. et al.; 4 Macc 1:20; Philo] and then at times disappear in translation: Ps.-Pla, Epin. 948d ἡ τῶν ἄστρων φύσις=the stars; X., Lac. 3, 4 ἡ τῶν θηλειῶν φύσις=the women; Aristot., Part. An. 1, 5 περὶ τῆς ζῳϊκῆς φ.=on animals) πᾶσα φύσις θηρίων κτλ. Js 3:7a. Also prob. ἡ φ. ἡ ἀνθρωπίνη humankind 3:7b; s. 2 above.—Kl. Pauly IV 841–44 (lit.).—DELG s.v. φύομαι C 6. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.