(robust)

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strong, brave, powerful, robust, steadfast, courageous

chance, luck, fortune.

strong, mighty, powerful, exceeding.

strong, robust, able

quā̆dro, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a. and n. [quadrus].

Act., to make four-cornered, to square, make square:

abies atque populus ad unguem quadrantur,

Col. 11, 2, 13:

lapides,

Vulg. 3 Reg. 5, 17.—

Transf., to put in proper order, to join properly together, to complete, perfect:

quadrandae orationis industria,

in properly arranging, Cic. Or. 58, 197:

quae pars quadrat acervum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 35 Orell. ad loc. —

Neutr. ( to be square, said of squared stones for building, which fit well together; hence), transf., to square or agree with, to fit, suit:

secto via limite quadret,

Verg. G. 2, 278:

eam conjunctionem quadrare volumus,

Cic. de Or. 3, 44, 175:

omnia in istam quadrant,

fit her, id. Cael. 29, 69:

ad multa,

to suit in many respects, id. Att. 4, 18:

quoniam tibi ita quadrat,

it seems to you so proper, pleases you so, id. Brut. 11, 43.—

Trop.

Of accounts, to square, agree, accord:

quomodo sexcenta eodem modo quadrarint,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 36, § 92: visum est hoc mihi ad multa quadrare. id. Att. 4, 19, 2 (4, 18, 3).—

Of words, to be fitting, appropriate:

scire, quod quoque loco verborum maxime quadret,

Quint. 9, 4, 60.— Hence, quā̆drātus, a, um, P. a.

In gen., squared, square, quadrate (class.): quadrata basis, Varr. ap. Plin. 36, 13, 19, § 91: pes, a square foot, Plin, 33, 4, 21, § 75; Col. 5, 1, 6; 5, 2, 5:

saxum,

squared, hewn stone, Liv. 10, 23; so, lapis, Varr. ap. Plin. 36, 13, 19, § 91: littera, capital letters, which are composed of square strokes, Petr. 29:

statura,

square, robust, Suet. Vesp. 20:

corpus,

Cels. 2, 1:

boves,

stout, vigorous, Col. 6, 1, 3:

canis,

id. 7, 12, 4:

signa,

i.e. statues, Plin. 34, 8, 19, § 56: agmen, a marching in regular order of battle; also, an army advancing in regular order of battle, so that the whole body forms a parallelogram, Varr. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 12, 121:

quadratum acies consistat in agmen,

Tib. 4 (5), 1, 100:

ut inde agmine quadrato ad urbem accederet,

in order of battle, Cic. Phil. 13, 8, 18; 2, 42, 108; Hirt. B. G. 8, 8; Liv. 21, 5, 16; Curt. 5, 1, 19; Sen. Ep. 59, 6:

quadrato agmine incedere,

Sall. J. 100, 1; v. agmen; cf.: quadrato Exercitu, Cat. ap. Non. p. 204, 33:

pallium,

square, four-cornered, Petr. 135:

numerus,

a square number, Gell. 1, 20, 4:

versus,

a verse of eight feet, id. 2, 29, 20: Roma, the most ancient Rome, built in the form of a square, on the Mons Palatinus; and, in a narrower sense, the enclosed square place on the summit of the Palatine, the mundus of all cities built in the Etruscan fashion, Fest. p. 258 Müll.; cf. on the Roma quadrata, Becker, Alterth. 1, p. 105 sq. —

quā̆drātum, i, n.

A [p. 1501] square, a quadrate:

dimensio quadrati,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. N. D. 1, 10, 24:

mutat quadrata rotundis,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 100:

in quadratum,

into a square, tetragon, Plin. 18, 22, 51, § 189; Quint. 1, 10, 40.—

Astronom. t. t., quadrature, quartile, Cic. Div. 2, 42, 89:

luna in quadrato solis dividua est,

Plin. 2, 18, 16, § 80.—

quā̆drātus, i, m., a square, quadrate:

marmorum quadrati,

Cassiod. Var. 2, 7. —

Transf., fitting, suitable (rare):

lenis et quadrata verborum compositio,

Quint. 2, 5, 9; cf. id. 9, 4, 69. — Hence, adv.: quā̆drātē, fourfold, four times (post-class.), Manil. 2, 295.

rōbustus, a, um, adj. [id.].

Of oakwood, oaken, oak-:

capitulum,

Cato, R. R. 18, 4:

stipites,

id. ib. 18, 8:

materia,

Varr. R. R. 1, 38, 3; Col. 2, 14, 6:

caudices,

Plin. 11, 37, 55, § 151:

stipites,

Liv. 38, 5:

fores,

Hor. C. 3, 16, 2:

plaustra,

id. Ep. 2, 2, 74 et saep.: carcer (referring to the Robur in the Roman carcer;

v. robur, II. A. 2.),

Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 13; cf.

codex,

id. Poen. 5, 3, 39. —

Transf., hard, firm, solid, strong, hardy, lusty, robust (freq. and class.; syn.: valens, nervosus).

Lit.:

lapides,

Plin. 36, 22, 48, § 167:

cornua,

id. 11, 37, 45, § 125:

palmes,

id. 17, 22, 35, § 175:

cibus,

hearty, nourishing, Cels. 2, 18:

robustior cibus,

id. 2, 18:

triticum,

Col. 2, 9, 3; Plin. 18, 17, 46, § 166; 18, 30, 72, § 298:

robustissima terra,

Col. 2, 2, 17:

robustissimum solum,

id. 1, praef. §

24: robustissima oppida,

strongly fortified, Flor. 1, 12, 3. —

Esp. of persons: robusti et valentes satellites,

Cic. Agr. 2, 31, 84; cf.:

transit in aestatem post ver robustior annus, Fitque valens juvenis,

Ov. M. 15, 206:

usu atque aetate robustior,

Cic. Sull. 16, 47; cf. id. Phil. 5, 16, 43; id. Cat. 2, 9, 20:

robustiores vinum bibere, infirmiores aquam,

Plin. 27, 4, 10, § 27:

moderator aratri,

Lucr. 5, 933; 6, 1253; cf.

vires,

id. 3, 449:

puer acri militiā,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 2:

corpore amplo atque robusto,

Suet. Tib. 68:

robustissima juventus,

id. Ner. 20. —

Trop., firm, solid, strong, etc.: facilius quod est propositum consequar, si nostram rem, publicam vobis et nascentem et crescentem et adultam et jam firmam atque robustam ostendero, Cic. Rep. 2, 1, 3:

solidam et robustam et assiduam frequentiam praebuerunt,

id. Planc. 8, 21:

res vetustate robustas calumniando pervertere,

id. Div. 1, 18, 35; cf.:

robusta et solida eloquentia,

Quint. 10, 1, 2:

robusta et stabilis fortitudo,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 23, 51:

inveteratum (malum) fit plerumque robustius,

id. Phil. 5, 11, 31:

quae robustioris improbitatis,

id. ib. 2, 25, 63:

animus (with magna constantia),

id. Off. 1, 20, 67:

vox,

Plin. 7, 16, 17, § 76:

carmen,

Pers. 5, 5:

amicitiae exempla,

Val. Max. 4, 7, 2:

populus Romanus,

Flor. 2, 1, 1. — Adv.: rōbustē, stoutly, strongly, firmly, Naz. Pan. ad Constant. 17.— Comp., Aug. Conf. 8, 11.— Sup.:

robustissime,

Cassiod. Var. 12, 21.

vălĭdus, a, um, adj. [valeo], strong, stout, able, powerful, robust, vigorous (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose; not in Cæs.; very rare in Cic.; cf. valens).

Lit.

In gen.:

quasi incudem me homines octo validi caedant,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 7:

quantus et quam validus est,

id. ib. 1, 1, 143:

lictores,

id. As. 3, 2, 29:

videmus ea, quae terra gignit, corticibus et radicibus valida servari,

Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 33:

legiones,

Lucr. 5, 1228:

leo,

id. 5, 985; 5, 1310:

tauri,

Ov. M. 7, 538; 9, 186:

lacerti,

Lucr. 4, 829; Ov. M. 9, 223:

vires,

Verg. A. 2, 50:

robur pectoris,

Ov. Tr. 5, 12, 11:

validissima forma,

Quint. 12, 10, 5:

ventus,

Lucr. 6, 137; 3, 509:

aestus,

id. 1, 300:

fulmen,

id. 6, 228:

flumen,

id. 1, 291:

pontes,

id. 1, 285:

turres,

id. 5, 1440:

tormenta,

id. 6, 329:

bipennis,

Verg. G. 4, 331:

urbs valida muris,

Liv. 1, 15, 4:

validiores munitiones,

id. 36, 17, 4; 24, 37:

praesidia,

id. 44, 35:

robustis apta materia validissima est,

the strongest, most nourishing food, Cels. 2, 18 fin. (cf. valens, A.):

ptisanae usus validissimus saluberrimusque,

Plin. 18, 7, 15, § 74.—With inf.:

pondus sustinere valida abies,

Plin. 16, 42, 81, § 222:

(canis) validus servare gregem,

Claud. in Eutrop. 1, 34.—

In partic.

Well in body, in good health, sound, healthy:

salvus atque validus,

Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 7:

jamne isti abierunt, Qui me vi cogunt, ut validus insaniam?

of sound body, Plaut. Men. 5, 3, 2:

si, ut spero, te validum videro,

Cic. Fam. 16, 4, 3:

validus male filius,

i. e. sickly, Hor. S. 2, 5, 45:

necdum ex morbo satis validus,

Liv. 3, 13, 2:

color validus,

healthy complexion, Plin. 20, 5, 20, § 42.—

Of medicines, strong, powerful, active, efficacious:

medicamen,

Ov. M. 15, 533; 7, 262:

sucus,

id. ib. 7, 316:

venenum,

id. ib. 7, 123; Tac. A. 13, 15 fin.:

validissima faex aceti contra cerastas,

Plin. 23, 2, 32, § 67.—

Trop., strong, mighty, powerful, effective:

Jovi opulento, incluto... valido viripotenti,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 3, 1:

aevi leges,

Lucr. 5, 58:

valida urbs et potens,

Cic. Rep. 2, 2, 4:

fama validissima,

Tac. A. 13, 8:

ducibus validiorem quam exercitu rem Romanam esse,

Liv. 2, 39, 2:

delecti, quibus corpus annis infirmum, ingenium sapientiā validum erat,

Sall. C. 6, 6:

mente minus validus quam corpore toto,

Hor. Ep. 1, 8, 7:

quam sit ingenio validus,

Quint. 10, 1, 62:

opibus, ingenio validus,

Tac. H. 1, 57:

vir gratiā et facundiā validus,

Plin. Ep. 3, 9, 12:

Tiberius spernendis rumoribus validus,

Tac. A. 3, 10; 4, 37:

auctor validissimus mittendi secretos nuntios,

id. ib. 6, 31:

ad Caesaris amicitiam validus,

id. ib. 6, 8:

adversus consentientis nec regem quemquam satis validum nec tyrannum fore,

Liv. 34, 49, 9:

cum validae tum breves vibrantesque sententiae,

Quint. 10, 1, 60:

validissimum genus (dicendi),

id. 12, 10, 63. —With gen.:

orandi validus,

Tac. A. 4, 21:

colonia virium et opum,

id. H. 2, 19:

aevi,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 16 fin. —Hence, advv.

vălĭdē, strongly, stoutly, vehemently, mightily, powerfully, exceedingly, very, etc. (not in Cic. or Cæs.):

ut valide tonuit!

Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 10:

quam valide tonuit,

id. ib. 5, 1, 78:

fluctuat valide mare,

id. Rud. 2, 1, 14:

ne tua vox valide valet!

id. Pers. 3, 3, 22:

vostra latera loris faciam valide varia uti sint,

id. Ps. 1, 2, 12:

amare valide coepi hinc meretricem,

id. Merc. prol. 42; [p. 1956] 48.— Comp.:

validius clamare,

Phaedr. 3, 16, 6:

quo me validius cruciaret,

Quint. 6, praef. §

8: quanto validius bonos inhibet pudor quam metus,

id. 9, 2, 76:

utros peccare validius putem,

id. 10, 3, 12:

abrogant fidem validius,

Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 20:

poëtae sunt molesti validius,

Phaedr. 4, epil. 9.— Sup.: validissime alicui favere, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 2, 1:

cupere,

Plin. Ep. 9, 35, 1; 3, 15, 2.—

As a reply in the affirmative, certainly, by all means, to be sure: Ca. Legirupa. Ba. Valide. Ps. Pernicies adulescentum. Ba. Acerrime, etc., Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 130; cf. v. 110.—

In a contr. form, valdē, an intens. adv., strongly, vehemently, energetically, vigorously, intensely, very, very much, exceedingly (freq. and class.; cf.: graviter, multo, bene, magnopere, etc.).

With verbs: quidquid volt, valde volt, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2:

nunc inhibere illud tuum, quod valde mihi arriserat, vehementer displicet,

Cic. Att. 13, 21, 3:

epistula tua, quae me valde levavit,

id. ib. 4, 7, 1:

de Vergilii parte valde probo,

id. ib. 13, 26, 1:

alicui valde interdicere, ut, etc.,

id. Rep. 1, 39, 61:

non valde moveri,

id. ib.:

hos sermones... lacessivi numquam, sed non valde repressi,

id. Fam. 3, 8, 7:

litteras tuas valde exspecto,

id. ib. 16, 19:

ille se profecisse sciat, cui Cicero valde placebit,

Quint. 10, 1, 112.—Strengthened by nimis:

tu vero eum nec nimis valde umquam nec nimis saepe laudaveris,

Cic. Leg. 3, 1, 1.—By tam:

hoc est in vitio, dissolutionem naturae tam valde perhorrescere,

Cic. Fin. 5, 11, 31:

nil mihi tam valde placeat, quod, etc.,

Cat. 68, 77:

quem tam diu tamque valde timuissent,

Nep. Eum. 11, 2:

de remedio non tam valde laboro,

Petr. 17.—By quam:

vosmet videte, quam mihi valde placuerit,

Plaut. Merc. prol. 103:

quam valde universi admurmuraverint,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41: significare quam valde probetis ea, quae, etc., Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, C, 1.—

With adjectives:

magistratus valde lenes et remissi,

Cic. Rep. 1, 43, 66:

aetas valde longa,

id. ib. 1, 37, 58:

exspectatio valde magna,

id. Fam. 15, 17, 3:

cui me praeripere desponsam laudem, valde est iniquum,

id. Har. Resp. 3, 6:

homo et acutus, ut Poenus, et valde studiosus ac diligens,

id. Ac. 2, 31, 98:

mala valde est Bestia,

Cat. 69, 7:

quoties verbum verbo aut non dissimile valde quaeritur,

Quint. 9, 3, 75.—With tam:

quasi vero quicquam sit tam valde, quam nihil sapere, vulgare,

Cic. Div. 2, 39, 81.—With quam: nam suos valde quam paucos habet, Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 13, 3.—

With adverbs: insanum valde uterque deamat, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Non. 127, 26:

valde vehementer et libere dicere,

Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2:

illud valde graviter tulerunt,

id. ib. 1, 17, 8:

rem valde bene gerere,

id. Fam. 1, 8, 7:

valde multum,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 9, 9.—

Comp. (rare; cf.

valide, supra): novit me valdius ipso,

Hor. Ep. 1, 9, 6:

valdius oblectat populum,

id. A. P. 321.—

Sup.:

quos valdissime diligunt,

Sen. Brev. Vit. 8, 4.—

As a strongly confirmative reply, yes, certainly: Ca. Meam tu amicam vendidisti? Ba. Valde, viginti minis, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 110.

ENG robust woodpecker

ENG Robust whistler

ENG Robust white-eye