(de+la+vida)

vida dişi

la vida

δυνάστης, ου, ὁ (Trag., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestJud 6:3 v.l.; 9:5; Ath., R. 72, 25) gener. one who is in a position to command others.

① one who is in relatively high position, ruler, sovereign

ⓐ of God (Soph., Antig. 608 of Zeus; Herm. Wr. Fgm. XXIII 27, p. 472, 10 Sc.; ZPWess 665 τ. δυνάστας μεγάλους θεούς; PGM 4, 180, 265; 988; Sir 46:5; 2 Macc 12:15; 15:3ff al.; 3 Macc 2:3; SibOr 3, 719) ὁ μακάριος κ. μόνος δ. the blessed and only Sovereign 1 Ti 6:15.

ⓑ of humans (Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 11 Jac. [in Apollon. Paradox. 20]; Diod S 5, 21, 6 βασιλεῖς καὶ δυνάστας; Appian, Mithr. 102 §472; 108 §516; Lucian, Phal. 2, 1 ἀνὴρ δ.; Appian, Iber. 29 §115; ViDa 7 [Sch. p. 77, 13]; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 142; Jos., Bell. 6, 438, Ant. 14, 36; TestJud 9:5; SibOr 3, 636) καθαιρεῖν δ. ἀπὸ θρόνων dethrone rulers Lk 1:52 (cp. Job 12:19).

② one who is in a relatively minor position, court official (Gen 50:4) fr. the court of the queen of Ethiopia Ac 8:27. S. Κανδάκη.—DELG s.v. δύναμαι. M-M.

ζυγός, οῦ, ὁ (Hom. Hymns, Cer. 217 and prose since Pla., Tim. 63b; Polyb., Epict.; PFay 121, 4 εἰς τὸν ζ.; PStras 32, 12; LXX [Thackeray p. 154]; En 103:11; PsSol 7:9 [acc. without art.]; 17:30; TestAbr A 12f [Stone p. 30, 6 al.]; Just., D. 53, 1; Ath., R. 58, 22 [? acc. without art.]) for Attic τὸ ζυγόν (Hom. et al.; pap; Gignac II 97; Jos., Ant. 12, 194; Just., D. 88, 8 [but ζυγούς GThGk A 13, 1: Ea 152]).

① a frame used to control working animals or, in the case of humans, to expedite the bearing of burdens, yoke in our lit. only fig. of any burden: ζ. δουλείας yoke of slavery (Soph., Aj. 944; cp. Hdt. 7, 8, γ3; Pla., Leg. 6, 770e; Demosth. 18, 289; Gen 27:40) Gal 5:1. ὑπὸ ζυγὸν δοῦλοι slaves under the yoke (i.e. under the y. of sl.) 1 Ti 6:1. ζυγὸς ἀνάγκης yoke of necessity (Eur., Or. 1330) B 2:6. Of the teaching of Jesus Mt 11:29f (cp. Sir 51:26, also 6:24–28; THaering, Mt 11:28–30: ASchlatter Festschr. 1922, 3–15; TArvedson, D. Mysterium Christi ’37, 174–200; HBetz, JBL 86, ’67, 10–24); D 6:2. ὑπὸ τὸν ζυγὸν τῆς χάριτος ἔρχεσθαι come under the yoke of grace 1 Cl 16:17 (opp. ViDa 7 [p. 77, 12 Sch.] ὑπὸ ζ. γίνονται τοῦ Βελίαρ). ἐπιθεῖναι ζυγὸν ἐπὶ τ. τράχηλόν τινος put a yoke on the neck of someone Ac 15:10 (sim. expr. have become formal since Hes., Op. 815; Orph. Hymns 59, 5; Zosimus, Hist. 2, 37, 8; SibOr 3, 448). From this mng. it is a short step to application of such a balancing structure to

② an instrument for determining weight, scale. The context of Rv 6:5 requires this mng., even though the gender of ζ. cannot be definitely determined. In older Gk. the neuter and apparently preferred form τὸ ζυγόν refers to the ‘lever of a balance’ (Aeschyl., Suppl. 822), then ‘balance, pair of scales’ (Pla. et al.; s. LXX in Thackeray, loc. cit.; Michel 1222, 4 [II B.C.]; but masc. TestAbr A).—B. 726. DELG s.v. ζεύγνυμι III. Frisk s.v. ζυγόν. M-M. TW.

ζωή, ῆς, ἡ (Hom.+; in Hom. ‘living’=‘substance, property’, without which there would not be life; after Hom. ‘life, existence’ opp. death, then ‘way of life’ Hdt. 4, 112)

① life in the physical sense, life ἐν σαρκὶ ζ. Orig., C. Cels. 6, 59, 8)

ⓐ opp. θάνατος (Pind. et al.; Lucian, Tox. 38; Sir 37:18; Pr 18:21; Philo; Just., A I, 57, 3; Mel., P. 49, 355) Ro 8:38; 1 Cor 3:22; Phil 1:20. ἐν τῇ ζωῇ σου during your life Lk 16:25 (s. Sir 30:5); cp. 12:15; Ac 8:33 (Is 53:8); Js 4:14; 1 Cl 16:8 (Is 53:8); 17:4 (cp. Job 14:5); 20:10; Hm 3:3. πᾶς χρόνος τῆς ζωῆς ἡμῶν B 4:9 (cp. PsSol 17:2; JosAs 13:12). πάσας τὰς ἡμέρας τῆς ζωῆς αὐτῶν Hs 9, 29, 2; cp. GJs 4:1; τὰς λοιπὰς τῆς ζωῆς ἡμέρας Hv 4, 2, 5; cp. v 5, 2; m 12, 2; Hs 6, 3, 6. τὴν ἐσχάτην ἡμέραν τῆς ζωῆς αὐτοῦ Hv 3, 12, 2. ἐν τῇ ζ. ταύτῃ in this life 1 Cor 15:19; also ζ. ἡ νῦν (opp. ἡ μέλλουσα) 1 Ti 4:8 (Tat. 14, 2). τέλος ζωῆς end of life Hb 7:3 (TestAbr A 1 p. 78, 5 [Stone p. 4]). ζωὴ κ. πνοή life and breath Ac 17:25 (cp. Gen 2:7; 7:22). πνεῦμα ζωῆς breath of life Rv 11:11 (cp. Gen 6:17; 7:15; TestAbr A 18 p. 100, 31 [Stone p. 48]). ψυχὴ ζωῆς living thing 16:3 (cp. Gen 1:30; Just., D. 6, 1 ἡ ψυχὴ ἤτοι ζωή ἐστιν ἢ ζωὴν ἔχει). πρὸς ζωῆς necessary for life 1 Cl 20:10. Of the indestructible life of those clothed in the heavenly body 2 Cor 5:4. The life of the risen Christ also has this character Ro 5:10; 2 Cor 4:10f; ζ. ἀκατάλυτος Hb 7:16. ὁδοὶ ζωῆς Ac 2:28 (Ps 15:11). Christ is ἐν θανάτῳ ζ. ἀληθινή IEph 7:2.

ⓑ means of sustenance, livelihood (Hdt. et al.; Sir 4:1; 29:21) Hs 9, 26, 2.

ⓒ the course or mode of one’s life (cp. βίος 1) Hm 8, 4 and 9; 11, 7 and 16; Hs 9, 16, 2 al. In some of these pass. a transition to the moral aspect is apparent.

② transcendent life, life

ⓐ God and Christ

α. God as ζωή Dg 9:6b; as ζωὴ αἰώνιος 1J 5:20. Of the cross IEph 18:1. It is true of God that ἔχει ζωὴν ἐν ἑαυτῷ J 5:26a. God’s commandment is eternal life 12:50 (cp. Philo, Fug. 198 God is the πρεσβυτάτη πηγὴ ζωῆς; Herm. Wr. 11, 13; 14; 12, 15 God the πλήρωμα τ. ζωῆς; PGM 3, 602 [s. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 286, ln. 11]; the deity called Νοῦς as ζωή and φῶς Herm. Wr. 1:9, 12, 17, 21, 32; 13:9, 18, 19. Cp. also Ps 35:10; 55:14; SibOr Fgm. 3, 34; JosAs 8:10f al.).

β. of Christ, who received life fr. God J 5:26b (ἡ ζωὴ τῆς πίστεως ParJer 9:14). ἐν αὐτῷ ζ. ἦν 1:4a; cp. 1J 5:11b. He is the ἀρχηγὸς τ. ζωῆς Ac 3:15, the λόγος τ. ζωῆς 1J 1:1; cp. vs. 2, the ἄρτος τ. ζωῆς J 6:35, 48; cp. vs. 33 (EJanot, Le pain de vie: Gregorianum 11, 1930, 161–70), also simply ζωή 11:25; 14:6 or ἡ ζ. ὑμῶν Col 3:4; cp. B 2, 10; IMg 9:1. Since the life in him was τὸ φῶς τ. ἀνθρώπων J 1:4b, people through following him obtain τὸ φῶς τ. ζωῆς 8:12 (on the combination of light and life cp. 1QS 3, 7 and the Orph. Hymns to Helios no. 8, 18 Qu. ζωῆς φῶς, as well as Christian ins of Rome [Ramsay, Luke the Physician 1908 p. 375, 238 A.D.], where a father calls his dead son γλυκύτερον φωτὸς καὶ ζοῆς; s. also α above).—SBartina, La vida como historia en J 1:1–18, Biblica 49, ’68, 91–96.

ⓑ The discussion now turns naturally to the life of the believers, which proceeds fr. God and Christ.

α. without (clear) eschatol. implications, of the life of grace and holiness ἐν καινότητι ζωῆς περιπατεῖν walk in (i.e. live) a new life Ro 6:4; cp. IEph 19:3. ἀπηλλοτριωμένοι τ. ζωῆς τ. θεοῦ estranged fr. the life of God Eph 4:18 (cp. Philo, Post. Cai. 69 τῆς θεοῦ ζωῆς ἀπεσχοινίσθαι). ἡ ζωὴ τ. ἀνθρώπων the (true) life of persons (in God) Hm 2:1.—Of the life of salvation and of glory. It is ζ. κυρίου B 1:4 (cp. PGM 12, 255 κύριε τ. ζωῆς; 13, 783) or ζ. ἐν Χρ. Ἰησοῦ 2 Ti 1:1; cp. ζωὴν ὑμῖν ὁ κύριος χαρίζεται Hs 9, 28, 6; effected by his words or by the proclamation of the gospel: ῥήματα ζ. αἰωνίου J 6:68; cp. vs. 63. τὰ ῥήματα τῆς ζ. ταύτης Ac 5:20. λόγος ζωῆς word of life Phil 2:16; cp. 2 Ti 1:10; 2 Cor 4:12. Hence the apostle, proclaiming the gospel, can term himself the bearer of the ‘fragrance of Christ’, leading those appointed to this bliss, the rescued ἐκ ζωῆς εἰς ζωήν from life to life (i.e., as it seems, ever more deeply into the divine life) 2 Cor 2:16.—The Spirit stands w. Christ as the power of life πνεῦμα τῆς ζωῆς ἐν Χρ. Ἰησοῦ the spirit of life in Chr. J. Ro 8:2; cp. vss. 6, 10 and J 6:63.—Like the words of Christ, the divine ἐντολή is also to bring life Ro 7:10; Hm 7:5; Hs 8, 7, 6. This ζ. is regarded as God’s gift ζ. ἐν ἀθανασίᾳ 1 Cl 35:2. W. ἀφθαρσία 2 Ti 1:10; 2 Cl 14:5; IPol 2:3. W. γνῶσις D 9:3; Dg 12:3–7. W. εὐσέβεια 2 Pt 1:3. W. εἰρήνη Ro 8:6. W. σωτηρία 2 Cl 19:1. ἀγάπην ἥτις ἐστὶν ἀρχὴ ζωὴς καὶ τέλος IEph 14:1. Christians, who truly belong to the ἐκκλησία τῆς ζωῆς 2 Cl 14:1, are heirs of life, the gift of grace 1 Pt 3:7. This life, as long as they are in the body, κέκρυπται σὺν τ. Χριστῷ ἐν τῷ θεῷ is hidden with Christ in God Col 3:3. Those who forfeit their ζ. (=their real life in contrast to their physical existence as ψυχή) are excluded fr. the life of glory Hv 1, 1, 9; Hs 6, 2, 3; 8, 6, 4; 6; 8, 8, 2f; 5; 9, 21, 4.—Cp. also Ac 11:18 (s. 1QS 3, 1); 13:46, 48. ἡ ὁδὸς τῆς ζ. D 1:2; 4:14. τὰς τρίβους τῆς ζ. Hs 5, 6, 3. Esp. in Johannine usage the term ζ. is copiously employed, as a rule to designate the result of faith in Christ; in most cases it is stated expressly that the follower of Jesus possesses life even in this world: ἔχειν ζωήν (Theophr. in a scholion on Pla. 631c εἰ ζωὴν εἶχεν ὁ πλοῦτος=‘had life, were alive’) J 3:15f, 36a; 5:24a, 40; 6:40, 47, 51, 53f; 10:10; 20:31; 1J 3:15; 5:12ab, 13. διδόναι ζωήν (cp. Sb 8202, 3 [105 B.C.]) J 10:28; 17:2; 1J 5:11.—Cp. 5:16. ὁρᾶν ζωήν J 3:36b. μεταβεβηκέναι ἐκ τ. θανάτου εἰς τ. ζωήν to have passed fr. death into life J 5:24; 1J 3:14. Hence in the eschatol. pass. J 5:29 ἀνάστασις ζωῆς means not a resurrection to enter life (cp. 2 Macc 7:14 and MPol 14:2, where ἀνάστασις ζωῆς αἰ., it seems, is res. to everlasting life), but a resurrection which corresponds to the Christian’s possession of life here and now, a resurrection proceeding from life. J is fond of calling this Life ζ. αἰώνιος, as in many pass. just cited (s. αἰώνιος 3) J 3:15f, 36; 4:14, 36; 5:24, 39; 6:27, 40, 47, 54, 68; 10:28; 12:25, 50; 17:2f; 1J 1:2; 2:25; 3:15; 5:11, 13, 20. But the use of this expr. in our lit. is by no means limited to J and 1J; it is also found in Mt, Mk, Lk, Ac, Ro, Gal, 1 Ti, Tit, Jd, 2 Cl, Ign, MPol, Hermas, Didache (Just., Mel., Ath.; Orig., C. Cels. 2, 77, 31 [w. ἀνάστασις]; cp. αἴδιος ζ. Tat. 14, 2) w. unmistakable eschatol. connotation.

β. ζ. (and ζ. αἰώνιος; cp. 1QS 4:7 and s. J 3:15 al.; opp. ἀπώλεια TestAbr B 8 p. 113, 2 [Stone p. 74]) is used of life in the blessed period of final consummation, in the foll. pass.: ἐν τῷ αἰῶνι τῷ ἐρχομένῳ ζ. αἰ. in the coming age eternal life Mk 10:30; Lk 18:30; cp. Mt 19:29 (Ar. 15, 3 ζ. τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰώνος). τί ποιήσω ἵνα ζ. αἰ. κληρονομήσω; Mk 10:17; cp. Lk 18:18; 10:25; Mt 19:16f (PsSol 14:10). As a result of the Last Judgment ἀπελεύσονται οἱ δίκαιοι εἰς ζ. αἰ. Mt 25:46 (cp. PsSol 13:11); s. also Ro 2:7 (cp. 1QS 4:6–8).—Cp. also Mt 7:14; 18:8f; Mk 9:43, 45; Ro 5:17f, 21; 6:22f; ζ. ἐκ νεκρῶν life for those who have come out of the state of death 11:15.—Gal 6:8; 1 Ti 1:16; 6:12, 19; 1 Pt 3:10 (Ps 33:13); Jd 21; 2 Cl 8:4, 6; Dg 9:1, 6a. For 2 Cor 5:4 s. 1a. Of martyrs τὴν αἰώνιον ζ. ἐξαγοραζόμενοι purchasing eternal life for themselves MPol 2:3 (Mosquensis, other Gk. codd. κόλασιν). W. ἀνάπαυσις τ. μελλούσης βασιλείας 2 Cl 5:5. This life is called ἡ ὄντως ζ. the real, true life (the redundancy may derive from awareness of a distinction sometimes made in the Gr-Rom. world between real living ζωή and biological existence βίος; s., e.g., IPriene 105, 10=OGI 458, 10; cp. Cass. Dio 69, 19) 1 Ti 6:19; ζωῆς ἀληθοῦς Dg 12:4; ἡ ἐπουράνιος ζ. 2 Cl 20:5; ἀί̈διος ζ. IEph 19:3 (s. ἀί̈διος). Hope is directed toward it, ζωῆς ἐλπίς B 1:6; cp. Tit 1:2; 3:7; Hs 9, 26, 2.—The references to future glory include the foll. expressions: βίβλος or βιβλίον (τῆς) ζωῆς (s. βίβλος 2) Phil 4:3; Rv 3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12, 15; 21:27; Hv 1, 3, 2. τὸ ξύλον (τῆς) ζωῆς the tree of life (4 Macc 18:16; cp. Pr 3:18; Gen 2:9; PsSol 14:3; ParJer 9:16 [δένδρον]; ApcEsdr 2:11; ApcMos 19 al.; Philo.—ξύλον 3) Rv 2:7; 22:2, 14, 19; Dg 12:3f. στέφανος τ. ζωῆς (s. Bousset, Rel.³ 277f; MDibelius on Js 1:12; FCumont, Études syriennes 1917, 63–69; s. στέφανος) Js 1:12; Rv 2:10. ὕδωρ (τῆς) ζωῆς (Just., D. 19, 2 βάπτισμα; cp. ὕδωρ 2) 21:6; 22:1, 17. πηγὴ ζωῆς B 11:2 (cp. Jer 2:13; Ps 35:10; OdeSol 11:6). ζωῆς πηγαὶ ὑδάτων springs of living water Rv 7:17. For ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς s. ἄρτος 2 end.—FBurkitt, ZNW 12, 1911, 228–30; RCharles, A Critical Hist. of the Doctrine of a Fut. Life in Israel, in Judaism and in Christianity² 1913; FLindblom, D. ewige Leben 1914; Bousset, Rel.³ 269–95; JFrey, Biblica 13, ’32, 129–68.—EvDobschütz, D. Gewissheit des ew. Leb. nach d. NT: ‘Dienet einander’ 29, 1920/21, 1–8; 43–52; 65–71; 97–101; JUbbink, Het eeuwige leven bij Pls 1917; ESommerlath, D. Ursprung d. neuen Lebens nach Pls² 1926; JMüller, D. Lebensbegr. d. Hl. Pls ’40; NvArseniew, D. neue Leben nach dem Eph: Internat. Kirchl. Ztschr. 20, 1930, 230–36; EvSchrenk, D. joh. Anschauung vom ‘Leben’ 1898; JFrey, ‘Vie’ dans l’Év. de St. Jean: Biblica 1, 1920, 37–58; 211–39; RBultmann, D. Eschatol. d. Joh Ev.: Zwischen d. Zeiten 6, 1928, 1ff; HPribnow, D. joh. Anschauung v. ‘Leben’ ’34; DLyons, The Concept of Eternal Life in J ’38; JKoole, Diorama Johanneum. Ζωή: GereformTT 43, ’42, 276–84; FMussner, ΖΩΗ (Joh. lit.), diss. Munich ’52; DHill, Gk. Words and Hebrew Mngs. ’67, 163–201.—B. 285. S. βίος and Schmidt, Syn. IV 40–53. DELG s.v. ζώω 1. EDNT. M-M. TW. Sv.

θήρ, ός, ὁ (Hom. et al.; Sb 4011, 4; LXX; ViDa 7 [p. 77, 13 Sch.]; Ath., R. 56, 20) (wild) animal 1 Cl 20:4. θῆρες ἄγριοι wild animals 56:12 (Job 5:23).—Schmidt, Syn. II 432–36. DELG.

νήπιος, ία, ιον (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, En; TestSol 18:25 L; Test12Patr; JosAs 12:7 cod. A; ApcEsdr 5:3 p. 29, 27 Tdf.; SibOr; Philo, Joseph.; Ar. 10, 7; Tat. 30, 1; Ath., R. 17 p. 68, 31) in Gk. lit. ν. gener. refers to beings ranging from fetal status to puberty. In our lit.

① a very young child, infant, child

ⓐ lit. (ViDa 1 [p. 76, 13 Sch.]; Jos., Ant. 6, 262; Ar. [Milne 76, 40] ἐὰν δὲ νήπιον ἐξέλθῃ; Orig., C. Cels. 3, 48, 26 ἀμαθὴς καὶ ἀνόητος καὶ ἀπαίδευτος καὶ ν.; Theoph. Ant. 2, 25 [p. 160, 6] Ἀδὰμ ἔτη ν. ἦν) ὡς ν. βρέφη like veritable babes Hs 9, 29, 1. Usu. subst. child sing. 1 Cor 13:11abcd (for ν. opp. ἀνήρ Orig., C. Cels. 3, 59, 23); τὰ τοῦ ν. childish ways vs. 11e. Pl. τὰ ν. (sc. βρέφη) Hm 2:1; Hs 9, 29, 1. The gen. pl. of the neut. is prob. to be understood Mt 21:16 (Ps 8:3; s. JGeorgacas, ClPl 76, ’58, 155).

ⓑ fig.; the transition to the fig. sense is found Hb 5:13 where the νήπιος, who is fed w. the milk of elementary teaching, is contrasted w. the τέλειος=‘mature person’, who can take the solid food of the main teachings (s. also 1 Cor 3:1f). In this connection the ν. is one who views spiritual things fr. the standpoint of a child. W. this can be contrasted

α. the state of the more advanced Christian, to which the ν. may aspire (Ps 118:130; Philo, Migr. Abr. 46; Iren. 4, 38, 1 [Harv. II 293, 2]) ITr 5:1. ἵνα μηκέτι ὦμεν νήπιοι Eph 4:14. A Judean as διδάσκαλος νηπίων Ro 2:20. νήπιος ἐν Χριστῷ immature Christian 1 Cor 3:1 (cp. ὡς νηπίοις, ὁ ἄρτος ὁ τέλειος τοῦ πατρὸς, γάλα ἡμῖν ἑαυτὸν παρέσχεν [on the accent s. Schwyzer I 391] ‘seeing that we were but infants, the perfect bread [=the Son of God] of the Father gave himself as milk to us’ Iren. 4, 38, 1 [Harv. II 293, 8]; JWeiss, Paulin. Probleme: Die Formel ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ, StKr 69, 1896, 1–33). Harnack, Die Terminologie d. Wiedergeburt: TU XLII 3, 1918, 97ff.

β. The contrast can also be w. the ideas expressed by σοφός, συνετός, and then the νήπιοι are the child-like, innocent ones, unspoiled by learning, with whom God is pleased Mt 11:25; Lk 10:21 (GKilpatrick, JTS 48, ’47, 63f; WGrundmann, NTS 5, ’58/’59, 188–205; SLégasse, Jésus et l’enfant [synopt.], ’69). Cp. also 1 Cl 57:7 (Pr 1:32).

② one who is not yet of legal age, minor, not yet of age, legal t.t. (UPZ 20, 22 [II B.C.] ἔτι νηπίας οὔσας ὁ πατὴρ ἀπέδωκεν εἰς σύστασιν Πτολεμαίῳ) ἐφʼ ὅσον χρόνον ὁ κληρονόμος ν. ἐστιν as long as the heir is a minor Gal 4:1. Fig. vs. 3.—In 1 Th 2:7 νήπιοι is accepted by Lachmann and W-H., as well as by interpreters fr. Origen to Wohlenberg, Frame, et al.; Goodsp., Probs. 177f. S. also SFowl, NTS 36, ’90, 469–73: the metaphors of infant and nurse are complementary. Others, incl. Tdf., Herm-vSoden, BWeiss, Bornemann, vDobschütz, Dibelius, Steinmann, prefer ἤπιοι (v.l.), and regard the ν of νήπιοι as the result of dittography fr. the preceding word ἐγενήθημεν (s. the entry ἤπιος). MLacroix, Ηπιος/Νηπιος: Mélanges Desrousseaux ’37, 260–72.; B. 92.—New Docs 1, 116; 4, 40. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

σκληροτράχηλος, ον (a correct formation, but modeled after קְשֵׁה־עֹרֶף; Aesop 318 H. [=S 30 P. p. 538 and H-H.]; Physiogn. I 368, 4, this and the Aesop pass. are the product of Byzantine editing; LXX; En 98:11; ViDa 6 [p. 77, 11 Sch. τὸ σκλ.]; Mel., P. 17, 115 [Φαραώ].—τράχηλος σκληρός: Hippocr., Coac. Progn. 2, 14, 256 ed. Littré; V p. 640) stiff-necked, stubborn Ac 7:51; 1 Cl 53:3 (Dt 9:13).—M-M. TW. Spicq.

χόρτος, ου, ὁ (Hom. et al.; in var. senses) grass, hay (Hes. et al.; pap, LXX; ViDa 8 [p. 78, 2 Sch.]; ApcrEzk P 1 verso 5 ἀκάνθας ἀντὶ χ̣[όρτου]; Jos., Bell. 6, 153, Ant. 20, 85; Just.), in our lit. almost always of green grass standing in field or meadow Mt 14:19 (v.l. has the pl.); J 6:10. τὸν χόρτον τῆς γῆς Rv 9:4. ὁ χλωρὸς χόρτος (χλωρός 1) Mk 6:39; Rv 8:7. Of wild grass in contrast to cultivated plants ὁ χόρτος τοῦ ἀγροῦ Mt 6:30; cp. Lk 12:28; Js 1:10, 11; 1 Pt 1:24abc (Is 40:6, 7.—ἄνθεα ποίης as early as Od. 9, 449; Zohary 172f). Of stalks of grain in their early, grass-like stages Mt 13:26; Mk 4:28.—1 Cor 3:12 mentions χόρτος hay as a building material (of inferior quality, as Diod S 20, 65, 1 κάλαμος and χόρτος).—B. 519f. DELG. M-M.

ἐξέχω (s. ἔχω; Aristoph. et al.; SIG 827 III, 11 [116/17 A.D.]; LXX; ViDa 1 [p. 76, 13 Sch.]; cp. 2 Esdr 13:25, 27 ὁ πύργος ὁ ἐξέχων ἐκ τοῦ οἴκου τ. βασιλέως; Just., D. 91, 2) to be readily noticeable, stand out, be prominent, of raised places as places of honor οἱ ἐξέχοντες τόποι Mt 20:28 v.l.=ASyn. 216, 38 [Agr 22].

I. ἔξειμι fr. εἶμι; inf. ἐξιέναι, ptc. ἐξιών; impf. ἐξῄειν, 3 pl. ἐξήεσαν (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, Joseph.) to depart from an area, go out, go away without further indication of place (Herodian 7, 9, 4; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 231) Ac 13:42; 17:15; MPol 8:1. τινός (since Hom.) ἐξῄει τοῦ στεινοῦ καὶ σκοτεινοῦ τόπου he left the narrow and dark place (of the prison) AcPl Ha 3, 19. ἔκ τινος (Hdt. 1, 94, 4; ViDa 12 [p. 78, 9 Sch.]; Lucian, Eunuch. 6) Ac 13:42 v.l.; go on a journey (Ael. Aristid. 51, 1 K.=27 p. 534 D.) Ac 20:4 D, 7. ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν get to land Ac 27:43 (cp. PLips 110, 5 ἐ. ἐπὶ τὴν Καπαδοκίαν; Jos., Vi. 289).—M-M.

II. ἔξειμι fr. εἰμί s. ἔξεστιν.

ἵλεως, ων (B-D-F §44, 1; W-S. §8, 8; Rdm. 62; Mlt. 240; Mlt-H. 121.—Hom. et al. as ἵλαος; ἵλεως is the Attic form. Also ins, pap, LXX, JosAs, Philo, Joseph.) pert. to being favorably disposed, with implication of overcoming obstacles that are unfavorable to a relationship, gracious, merciful, in the wider lit. mostly—in our lit. and in LXX always—of God (also Diod S 4, 24, 4; Lucian, Pro Imag. 12; Oenomaus [time of Hadrian] in Eus., PE 5, 19, 1 θεὸς ἵ. ἔσται; 6, 7, 42; M. Ant. 12, 36; Philo; Jos., Ant. 4, 222; 7, 290; SibOr 1, 161) ἵ. ἔσομαι τ. ἀδικίαις αὐτῶν I will be merciful toward their iniquities Hb 8:12 (Jer 38:34). ἵλεώ τινος τυγχάνειν find someone merciful = find mercy in someone’s sight (Herm. Wr. 5, 2; Philo, De Jos. 104) 1 Cl 61:2. ἵ. γενέσθαι τινί be gracious or forgiving to someone (Archilochus, Fgm. 75 Ἥφαιστε, … μοὶ, … ἵλαος γενεῦ; Sallust. 4 p. 10, 4; Num 14:19; Dt 21:8; 2 Macc 2:22) Hv 2, 2, 8. Abs. ἵ. γενέσθαι (Alciphron 4, 18, 17; UPZ 78, 24 [159 B.C.]; Ezk. Trag. vs. 124 [in Eus., PE 9, 29, 11]; TestSol 20:4) 1 Cl 2:3; 48:1; Hs 9, 23, 4.—ἵλεώς σοι, κύριε (sc. εἴη ὁ θεός, as, in a related way, Herodas 4, 25; Plut., Mor. 983e ἵλεως ὁ θεὸς εἴη) may God be gracious to you, Lord, i.e. may God in mercy spare you this, God forbid! Mt 16:22 (cp. IGR, 107, 10 ἵλεώς σοι=may [Sarapis] help you; OGI 721, 10; Gen 43:23; 2 Km 20:20; 1 Ch 11:19; JosAs 6:4; ViDa 18 [p. 79, 8 Sch.].—Difft. PKatz, TLZ 82, ’57, 113f (s. also Kratylos 5, ’60, 159) and B-D-F §128, 5. S. Rob. 395f; HMaehler, ZPE 4, ’69, 99f).—DELG s.v. ἱλάσκομαι 1. M-M. TW.

ὑπεράνω adv. (Aristot.+; ins, pap, LXX, TestAbr A) (high) above funct. as prep. w. gen. (B-D-F §215, 2; Rob. 646f) of place (Archimed. II 318, 6 Heib.; Eratosth. p. 46, 7; Ocellus Luc. c. 36 ὑπ. σελήνης; Diod S 20, 23, 1; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 2, 160b; Ezk 43:15; TestAbr A 7 p. 83f [Stone p. 14f]; ViDa 21 [p. 79, 12 Sch.]; Jos., Ant. 3, 154) Eph 4:10; Hb 9:5.—Of rank, power, etc. (Lucian, Demon. 3; Dt 28:1; Philo, Conf. Lingu. 137; TestLevi 3:4) Eph 1:21.—M-M.

ὑπηρεσία, ας, ἡ (fr. ὑπηρέτης, cp. ὑπηρετέω; orig. a ‘body of rowers, ship’s crew’, then ‘service’ in gener.: Thu., Aristoph.+; Ael. Aristid. 28, 81 K.=49 p. 518 D.: ἡ τῷ θεῷ ὑπ.; Epict. 3, 24, 114: to God; ins, pap, LXX; TestJob 10:7; 15:1; ViDa 1 [p. 76, 13 Sch.]; SJCh 107, 7; Philo; Jos., Ant. 16, 184; Just., D. 131, 2; Tat. 17:3) service of Moses bringing judgment on Egypt 1 Cl 17:5; in satire: of earthenware used πρὸς τὴν ἀτιμοτάτην ὑπηρεσίαν for the lowliest service Dg 2:2.—DELG s.v. ὑπηρέτης.

ὡραῖος, α, ον (ὥρα; Hes., Hdt.+)

① pert. to an opportune point of time, happening/coming at the right time, timely ὡς ὡραῖοι οἱ πόδες τῶν εὐαγγελιζομένων ἀγαθά how timely is the arrival of those who who proclaim good news (i.e. salvation) Ro 10:15 (Is 52:7 cod. Q, margin [JZiegler ’39 ad loc.]. See KBarth; RBultmann, TLZ 72, ’47, 199). But the πόδες ὡραῖοι Sir 26:18 are without doubt well-formed feet; see 2 below. DHamm, Biblica 67, ’86, 305–19, suggests a symbolic connection Ac 3:2, 10.

② pert. to being attractive, beautiful, fair, lovely, pleasant of persons and things, an angel GPt 13:55 (of Daniel ViDa 3 [p. 77, 5 Sch.] ὡ. ἐν χάριτι ὑψίστου). Trees (cp. Gen 2:9; En 24:5) B 11:10 (prophetic saying of uncertain origin). θύρα or πύλη Ac 3:2, 10 (cp. GrBar prol. 2.—ESchürer, ZNW 7, 1906, 51–68; OHoltzmann, ibid. 9, 1908, 71–74; KLake: Beginn. I/5, ’33, 479–86; Boffo, Iscrizioni p. 345f.—Of costly and artistic gates of polytheists’ temples Diod S 5, 46, 6 θυρώματα τοῦ ναοῦ). Cp. Mt 23:27.—B. 1191. DELG. M-M.