-
1 andi
* * *m.1) breath, breathing; a. Ingimundar er ekki góðr, his breath smells, is foul;2) current of air (a handar þinnar);3) gramm., aspiration (linr, snarpr a.);* * *a, m.1. prop. breath, breathing; af anda fisksins, Edda 19; cp. hverr andalauss lifir, who lives without breathing, in the Riddles of Gestumblindi, Fas. i. 482; af anda hans, Greg. 20, Sks. 41 B; andi er Ingimundar, ekki góðr á bekkinn, of foul breath, Sturl. i. 21 (in a verse).2. a current of air; andi handar þinnar, air caused by the waving of the hand, 623. 33: now freq. of a soft breeze.3. (gramm.) aspiration; linr, snarpr a., Skálda 175, 179.II. metaph. and of Christian origin, spirit. In the Icel. translation of the N. T. andi answers to πνευμα, sál to ψυχή (cp. Luke i. 46, 47); Guð skapaði líkamann ok andann, Mar. 656; taki þér við líkamanum en Drottinn við andanum, id.; gjalda Guði sinn anda, Mar. 39 (Fr.); hjarta, andi ok vizka, id. In some of these cases it may answer to ψυχή, but the mod. use is more strict: as a rule there is a distinction between ‘önd,’ f. anima, and ‘andi,’ m. animus, yet in some cases both are used indifferently, thus Luke xxiii. 46 is translated by ‘andi,’ yet ‘önd’ is more freq., Pass. 44. 21, 45. I.2. spirit, spiritual being (önd is never used in this sense); John iv. 24, Guð er andi, and, tilbiðja í anda, ἐν πνευματι.3. the Holy Ghost, Nj. 164, Rb. 80.4. angels; þessháttar eldr brennir andana, Stj. 41.5. in a profane sense; álfr eða a., Fas. i. 313.6. spiritual gift; í krapti ok í anda Heliæ, Hom. 104. Luke i. 17, Sks. 565. -
2 blástr
(gen. blástrar and blástar, dat. blæstri and blæsti), m.1) blast, blowing of the wind;2) blowing of an animal, hissing of a serpent (heyrði blást drekanna);3) breathing, breath (málit gørist af blæstrinum);6) swelling of the body or a limb, mortification.* * *rs, m., dat. blæstri, blæsti, Hom. 47; pl. blástrar:1. to blast, Sks. 213.2. breath; b. af lopti, Eluc. 19; málit görisk af blæstrinum, Skálda 170: the blast of a trumpet, Fms. ix. 30: hissing of serpents, breathing of whales (hvala blástr), Gullþ. 8: blowing a bellows, Edda 70.3. medic. swelling, mortification, Nj. 209, Dropl. 36, Bs. i. 182.COMPDS: blástrbelgr, blástrhol, blástrhorn, blástrjárn, blástrsamr, blástrsvalr. -
3 erfiði
n. trouble, toil, labor; höfum erfiði ok ekki erendi, we have the toil, but no result.* * *or erviði (ærfaði, N. G. L. i. 391; ærfuð, id. I. 10), n. [Ulf. arbaiþs = κόπος; A. S. earfoð; O. H. G. arapeit; mod. Germ. arbeit, which shews that mod. Dan. arbeide and Swed. arbete are borrowed from the Germ.; lost in Engl. The etymology of this word is uncertain; the Icel. notion is to derive it from er- priv. and viða = vinna, to work, but it is scarcely right; Grimm, s. v. arbeit, suggests it to be akin to Lat. labor; Max Müller refers it to the root AR, to plough, Science of Language, p. 258, 3rd Ed.; but arfiði (Björn, p. 41) instead of erviði is a fictitious form, and the statement that in old Norse or Icel. it means ploughing rests only on a fancy of old Björn (Dict. l. c.), to which he was probably led by the similarity between Lat. arvum to Germ. and mod. Dan. arbeit, arbeide: in fact the Icel., ancient or modern, conveys no such notion; even in the old heathen poems the word is used exactly in the present sense, which again is the same as in Ulf.]:—toil, labour, and metaph. toil, trouble; in the allit. phrase, e. en eigi eyrendi, toil but no errand, i. e. lost labour, Þkv. 10, 11, Hkv. Hjörv. 5; víl ok e., toil and trouble (of travelling), Hbl. 58, Skálda 163; kváðusk hafa haft mikit e. ok öngu á leið komið, Fms. v. 21, Post. 645. 58, Sks. 235, v. l., N. G. L. l. c.2. metaph. distress, suffering; drýgja e., to ‘dree’ distress, Gm. 35 (heathen poem),—in N. G. L. i. 391 this phrase is used of a priest officiating; hungr, þorsti, e., Hom. 160: in pl., meðr mörgum erfiðum er á hana leggjask, Stj. 51: an old poet (Arnor) calls the heaven the erfiði of the dwarfs, vide dvergr. In the Icel. N. T. erfiði is often used in the very same passages as in Ulf., thus—yðvart e. er eigi ónýtt í Drottni, 1 Cor. xv. 58; í erfiði, í vökum, í föstu, 2 Cor. vi. 5; og hrósum oss eigi tram yfir mælingu í annarlegu erfiði, x. 15; og vort e. yrði til ónýtis, 1 Thess. iii. 5, cp. Ulf. l. c.β. medic. asthma, difficulty in breathing; brjóst-erfiði, heavy breathing.COMPDS: erfiðisdauði, erfiðislaun, erfiðisléttir, erfiðismunir, erfiðisnauð, erfiðissamr, erfiðissemi, erviðisverk. -
4 aldr-tili
a, m. [cp. as to the last part, Germ. ziel], death, loss of life, exitium; rather poët.; or in prose only used in emphatic phrases; hefir þó lokit sumum stöðum með aldrtila, has ended fatally, Fms. viii. 153; ætla ek þær lyktir munu á verða, at vér munim a. hljóta af þeim konungi, he will prove fatal to our family, Eg. 19; mun ek þangað sækja heldr yndi en a. (an alliterative phrase), Bret. 36; údæmi ok a., 38:—the words, Acts ix. I, ‘breathing out tbreatenings and slaughter,’ are in the Icel. translation of the year 1540 rendered ‘Saul blés ógn og aldrtila.’ -
5 anda-kast
n. breathing, Fas. iii. 348. -
6 á-blásning
f, a breathing upon; með eldr á., 656 C. 33, Rb. 438: gramm. aspiration, Skálda 175, 179, 180; theol. inspiration, Fms. x. 371. -
7 á-blástr
rs, m., dat. áblæstri, a breathing upon, Fms. x. 210; theol. inspiration, iii. 164, v. 217, Eluc. 4; medic. pustula labiorum, Fél. ix. 184. -
8 ástar-orð
n. pl. words of love; mæla ástar orðum til e-s, to speak in words breathing love, 655 xxxi. -
9 blasa
* * *(blæs; blés, blésum; blásinn), v.1) to blow, of the wind;blásandi byrr, a spanking breeze;2) to blow with the mouth (hann blés í kross yfir drykk sínum); to pant (hestrinn tók at frýsa ok blása);blása við to draw a deep breath, to sigh (jarl blés þá við mœðiliga);fig., blása móti e-m, to be unfavourably disposed towards one;3) with dat., to set in motion by blowing or breathing;blés mœðiliga öndinni, breathed hard;blása e-m e-u í brjóst, to inspire, suggest a thing to one (guð blés henni því í brjóst);blása eldi, eitri, of serpents;blása lúðri, horni, to blow the trumpet, horn;blása liði (troops) til landgöngu;blása til stefnu, to a meeting;blása herblástr, to sound an alarm;5) to melt, cast (blása gullmálm, rauða);yxn tveir ór eiri blásnir (cast);6) to blow up, inflate (sem belgr blásinn);7) impers., blés upp fótinn, kviðinn, the leg, belly, swelled up;of land, to be laid bare, stripped of the turf (hafði blásit hauginn ok lá silfrit bert).* * *t; sup. blasað, [Engl. blaze], of places, in the phrase, b. við, to lie full and open before the eye (mod.) -
10 BLÁSA
* * *(blæs; blés, blésum; blásinn), v.1) to blow, of the wind;blásandi byrr, a spanking breeze;2) to blow with the mouth (hann blés í kross yfir drykk sínum); to pant (hestrinn tók at frýsa ok blása);blása við to draw a deep breath, to sigh (jarl blés þá við mœðiliga);fig., blása móti e-m, to be unfavourably disposed towards one;3) with dat., to set in motion by blowing or breathing;blés mœðiliga öndinni, breathed hard;blása e-m e-u í brjóst, to inspire, suggest a thing to one (guð blés henni því í brjóst);blása eldi, eitri, of serpents;blása lúðri, horni, to blow the trumpet, horn;blása liði (troops) til landgöngu;blása til stefnu, to a meeting;blása herblástr, to sound an alarm;5) to melt, cast (blása gullmálm, rauða);yxn tveir ór eiri blásnir (cast);6) to blow up, inflate (sem belgr blásinn);7) impers., blés upp fótinn, kviðinn, the leg, belly, swelled up;of land, to be laid bare, stripped of the turf (hafði blásit hauginn ok lá silfrit bert).* * *blés, blésu, blásit; pres. blæss, [Ulf. blêsan, a redupl. verb; Germ. blasen; Swed. blåsa; cp. Engl. blow ( blast); A. S. blâvan; Lat. flare.]I. to blow, Lat. flare, of the wind; the naut. alliterative phrase, blásandi byrr, a fresh breeze, Fms. vii. 287; vindrinn blæs og þú heyrir hans þyt, John iii. 8.2. act. to blow a trumpet, sound an alarm, with dat. of the people and the instrument, the act of blowing in acc.; b. lúðri, Fms. vii. 287; var blásinn herblástr, sounded an alarm, ix. 358; b. liði ( troops) til ofangaungu, Orkn. 350, Bret. 46; b. til stefnu, to a meeting, Fms. vii. 286; konungr lét b. öllum mönnum ór bænum, ix. 304; b. til þings, viii. 210; til héraðstefnu, ix. 255, v. l.: absol., þá bað hann b., sound the attack, viii. 403.β. to blow the bellows; blástu (imperat.) meir, Landn. 270 (in a verse), Edda 69, 70.γ. to melt, cast, the metal in acc.; hann blés fyrstr manna rauða á Íslandi, ok var hann af því kallaðr Rauðabjörn, Landn. 71, cp. Sks. 163; b. gullmálm, Bret. 4; sumir blésu ok steyptu af málmi Guðs líkneski, Barl. 139; sem af glóanda járni því er ákafliga er blásit í eldi, Fms. viii. 8; yxn tveir ór eiri blásnir ( cast), Bret. 22.δ. to swell, blow up; létt sem belgr blásinn, Fms. x. 308.II. to breathe, Lat. spirare; svá sem andi blæsk af munni, Eluc. 4: to blow with the mouth, hann blés í kross yfir drykk sínum, Fs. 103; bléss hann á þá og sagði, með-takið þeir Heilagan Anda, John xx. 22; b. við, to draw a deep breath; hón blés við ok svarar, Clem. 50; jarl blés þá við mæðiliga, Fs. 10, Magn. 444: to sigh, of a sick man, Gísl. 47; b. hátt við, Bjarn. 24: without ‘við,’ Sturl. i. 20; b. eitri, eldi (of serpents or dragons), to snort, Edda 42; of a horse, Greg. 49.2. theol. to inspire; Guð blés sínum anda (dat.) í brjóst honum, Fms. i. 142, 199; Guð blés henni því í brjóst, Stj. 160 (cp. innblástr).3. b. móti e-m, to conspire against one, Fms. vii. 164: in the phrase, ‘to blow not a hair off one’s head,’ Jarl mælti, at eingi skyldi b. hár af höfði Sveini, no one should dare to make a hair move on his head, Orkn. 252.III. impers.:1. medic. to ‘boulne,’ swell, from sickness, wounds …, the wound or swollen limb in acc.; hann svall svá ákafliga, at allan blés kviðinn, Bs. i. 319; sár Gríms varð illa, ok blés upp fótinn, Dropl. 36, Grett. 153; hann blés allan, Bs. i. 116.2. of land, to be laid bare, stripped of the turf by wind; hafði blásit hauginn ok lá silfrið bert, Fms. iv. 57.3. in supine, and partic. the personal construction reappears; á Ormarsstöðum þar sem er blásið allt, where all is stripped, barren, Landn. 280; meltorfa blásin mjök, stripped, barren, Hrafn. 27: medic., hin hægri geirvartan var blásin upp, 655 xxxii. 10; hans hörund var allt blásit, Fas. i. 286, Rb. 374; sýndist fótrinn blásinn ok kolblár, Grett. 152. -
11 erfiðr
a. difficult, hard, troublesome; oss verðr erfitt at þjóna Norðmönnum, it will be hard for us; Guðrún var erfið á gripakaupum, G. was troublesome (extravagant) in buying finery; hvíldist Helgi, því at honum var orðit erfitt, for he was exhausted; þó at honum væri málit erfitt, though he spoke with difficulty.* * *adj. toilsome, hard, difficult; ok var af því honum erfitt búit, a heavy, troublesome household, Bs. i. 63; erfiða ferð hafa þeir fengit oss, they have made a hard journey for us, Fms. v. 22; Guðrún var erfið á gripa-kaupum, G. was troublesome ( extravagant) in buying finery, Ld. 134; e-m verðr e-t erfitt, one has a difficulty about the thing, Fms. vi. 54.β. hard, unyielding; var Flosi erfiðr, en aðrir þó erfiðri miklu, F. was hard, but others much harder, Nj. 186, 187; jarl var lengi erfiðr, the earl long remained inexorable, 271: ek var yðr þá erfiðr, 229.γ. hard breathing; ok er hann vaknaði var honum erfitt orðit, when he awoke he drew a deep breath, after a bad dream, Ísl. ii. 194; hvíldisk Helgi, því at honum var orðit erfitt, H. rested, because he was exhausted (from walking), Dropl. 22; þó honum væri málið erfitt, though he spoke with difficulty (of a sick person), Bs. i. 110.δ. var þess erfiðar ( the more difficult) sem…, Fas. i. 81: so in the phrase, e-m veitir erfitt, one has hard work, Bs. i. 555, Nj. 117; erfitt mun þeim veita at ganga í móti giptu þinni, 171. -
12 grimd
f. grimness, fierceness; sakir grimðar eðr íllvilja, Fms. i. 71; en eigi skorti hann spekt né grimd, 117; grimdar-andi, breathing wrath, Stj. 288; grimdar-mála dagar, days of wrath, Stj. 642. 2 Kings xix. 3; grimdar-náttúra, savage disposition, Mar. 604: grimdar-fullr, adj. savage, Fms. i. 207, Stj. 469: grimdar-hugr, m. fiery mood, Fms. v. 271.II. metaph. a biting frost; var grimd svá mikil at klæði þeirra freri, Fas. ii. 427: grimdar-frost, n. id., Bs. i. 381. -
13 heiptar-fenginn
adj. breathing hatred against one, Ld. 232. -
14 heiptar-mál
and heiptar-orð, n. pl. words breathing hatred, Karl. 438, Fas. i. 191, ii. 358. -
15 í-endr
adj. [önd], ‘in breath,’ still breathing, Fms. xi. 141. -
16 MÓÐA
f. large river.* * *u, f. a large river, it may prop. have meant loamy, muddy water, see móðr below; svimma í móðu marir, Fm. 15, Fms. xi. 96 (of the Thames), vi. 408 in a verse (of the Ouse), vii. 266 in a verse (of the Gotha River); eina nótt er veðr var kyrt lögðu þeir upp í móðu eina, Eg. 528 (in Frisland); þeir kómu at einni móðu ok steyptu sér ofan í hana ok var þvílíkast sem þeir væði reyk, Fms. iii. 176; einni móðu er féll í nánd, Karl. 548; konungr lét leiða skip sín upp í móðu nokkura, Fms. vi. 334; móða mikil féll í straumum með miklum hávaða, Fas. ii. 230; var þar skógr mikill við móðu eina, Fb. ii. 122.II. [cp. Scot. mooth = misty], the condensed vapour on glass and the like, caused by breathing on it; það er móða á glerinn, af leiri ok af móðu, of earth and mud, Ó. H. 86, cp. Hkr. Ed. 1868, p. 315; af allri móðu bitra munugða, Post. 555.2. [cp. mo Ivar Aasen and Dan. korn-moe = the radiation or glimmer of heat in the summer]:—mist, haziness; það er móða í lopti, and similar popular phrases. -
17 ÞRÖNG
(pl. þröngvar), f.1) throng crowd (varð þröng mikil);2) narrow place (sumir vörðust í þröngunum);3) fig. straits (alla þá þröng ok nauð, er hann þoldi);4) short breath and cough (þá setti at honum þröng mikla).* * *f., pl. þröngvar, Stj. 446; [A. S. geþrong; Engl. throng]:—a throng, crowd; vér viljum önga þröng hafa af yðr meðan vér ryðjum skipit, Ó. H. 115; einn byggi ek stöð steina … er-at þröng á þiljum, Landn. (in a verse); reiðir þröngina ýmsa vega eptir vellinum, Vápn. 16; varð þröng mikil, Nj. 92; þat sumar var þröng mikil at dómum, Bs. i. 31; mann-þröng, q. v.; en ef fé tröðz í kvínni í sauri eðr í þröng, Grág. ii. 328.II. narrows, straits, Lat. angustias; sumir vórðusk í þröngunum ok vóru þar drepnir, Róm. 278.2. metaph. straits, distress; alla þá þröng ok nauð er hann boldi, Barl. 195; láta Gyðinga vita í hverjar þröngvar þeir eru komnir, Stj. 446.3. short breathing, a cough; þá setti at honum hósta ok þröng mikla, Fb. i. 285, 330. -
18 ÖND
* * *I)(gen. andar, pl. endr and andir), f. duck (fundu þeir þar andir margar; endr ok elptr).(gen. andar, dat. önd and öndu; pl. andir), f.3) soul; fela guði önd sína á hendi, to give over one’s soul into God’s hands.* * *1.f., gen. andar, pl. endr and andir, and so in mod. usage; [A. S. ened; Dutch eend; O. H. G. anut; Germ. ente; Dan. and, pl. ænder; Lat. anas, anatis; Gr. νηττα]:—a duck, Edda (Gl.); flaug mikill fjöldi anda (gen. pl.) … eina öndina, Art. 38; endr ok elptr, Karl. 477; vali, álptir, gæss ok andir, Grág. ii. 346, passim; brim-önd, töpp-önd.COMPDS: andaregg, andarfygli, andarsteggi.2.f., gen. andar; spelt önn, Skm. l. c.; [and-, p. 19, col. 2]:— a porch = and-dyri, prop. the place opposite the door; skynda út at andar, Bjarn. (in a verse); síðan gékk hann eptir gólfi ok útar í öndina, ok lét fyrir lokuna, Lv. 60; ok er þau kóma fram um dyrr, gékk hón í öndina gegnt úti-dyrum ok kembir þar Oddi syni sínum, Eb. 92; vertú sem þistill þrunginn í önn (= önd) ofan verða, Skm. 31; see þröngva.3.f., gen. andar, dat. öndu, and abbreviated önd; pl. andir; [önd and andi (p. 20) are twin words, for the origin see anda, to which add the Scot. aind or aynd]:—the breath; önd gaf Óðinn, Vsp.; en er barnit skaut upp öndu, Ó. H. 122; var þá niðri öndin ( no sign of breathing), síðan skaut hón upp öndinni, began to draw breath, Bs. i. 378; tók hann önd í kafi ( under water) svá at hann drakk eigi, 355; hann tók aldri til andar, ii. 225; draga öndina, to draw breath, ísl. ii. 413; Armóði var við andhlaupi ( choking), en er hann fékk öndunni frá ser hrundit, Eg. 553; varpa mædiliga öndinni, to draw a deep breath, Orkn. 140; öndunni, Nj. 272; kona varp öndu, to draw a deep sigh, Bkv. 2. 29; meðan í önd hixti, Am. 39; hann rann … skrefaði, meðan hann þolði önd einu sinni, in one breath, Rb. 482; hence the mod. phrase, þola önn (sic) fyrir e-t, to hold one’s breath for anxiety; nú þrýtr öndin, the breath is stopped, Fas. i. 204.2. breath, life; öndin blaktir á skari, blaktir önd í brjósti, the breath (life) flutters in the breast; ef maðr hrapar svá grepti, at kviðr berr at önd sé í brjósti, K. Þ. K. 26; skal hann heldr eta kjöt en fara öndu sinni fyrir matleysi … svá skal hann eta, at hann ali önd sína við, 130; þá skal hann kjöt eta ok bjarga svá öndu sinni, N. G. L. i. 12; fugla, kvikenda ok hverrar lifandi andar, every living soul, Stj.; at eigi saurgisk andir yðrar, 317; andar gustr, a gush of breath, 17: týna öndu, to lose breath, die, Hkv. Hjörv. 37, Skv. 3. 58; fara öndu e-s, to put to death, Sdm. 25; krefi Guð hann andar sinnar, if God call him, Sks. 720, N. G. L. iii. 79; Guð krafði konung andar, Fms. xi. (in a verse); áðr Guð kveddi andar hans, D. N. iii. 165; þá menn er sjálfir spilla öndu sinni, to spill one’s breath, commit suicide, N. G. L. i. 13.3. eccl. the soul; aldri hafði önd mín tvá líkami, Fms. iv. 121; önd þjófs á krossi, Pr. 67; þau fálu Guði önd sína á hendi, Nj. 201; mín önd miklar Dróttinn og minn andi gladdist í Guði heilsu-gjafara mínum, Luke i. 46 (Vídal.); andar-dauði, spiritual death, Greg. 42; andar-dauðr, spiritually dead, 6l; andar-heilsa, hreinson, kraptr, hefnd, siðr, synd, þorsti, soul’s health, cleansing, … thirst, Hom. 4, 45, 73, Greg. 5, Mar., MS. 623. 19, Stj. 29; andar-sýn, soul’s sight, a vision, Karl. 553, Bs. ii. 11; andar-gjöf, a spiritual gift, id.; andar-kraptr, 153; andar-sár, mental wounds, Bs. i.COMPDS: andardráttr, andarvana. -
19 andakast
n. breathing. -
20 andalauss
a. without breathing (lifa andalauss).
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breathing — noun (U) the process of breathing air in and out: heavy breathing (=loud breathing): When I picked up the phone all I heard was heavy breathing … Longman dictionary of contemporary English
breathing — breath|ing [ briðıŋ ] noun uncount * the process of taking air into the body and letting it out again, or the sound of this: Julia was asleep, her breathing shallow but regular. heavy/labored breathing breathing problems/difficulties … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
breathing */ — UK [ˈbriːðɪŋ] / US [ˈbrɪðɪŋ] noun [uncountable] the process of taking air into the body and letting it out again, or the sound of this Julia was asleep, her breathing shallow but regular. heavy/laboured breathing breathing difficulties … English dictionary
