(be+condensed)

* * *

* * *

con-cresco, crēvi, crētum, 3 ( inf. perf. sync. concresse, Ov. M. 7, 416), v. n., to grow together; hence with the prevailing idea of uniting, and generally of soft or liquid substances which thicken; to harden, condense, curdle, stiffen, congeal, etc. (very freq., and class. in prose and poetry).

Prop.:

concrescunt semina (opp. extenuantur),

Lucr. 4, 1261; 6, 626; cf.:

concrescunt subitae currenti in flumine crustae,

Verg. G. 3, 360;

opp. liquere,

Cic. Univ. 14: rigido concrescere rostro Ora videt, to stiffen into a hard beak. Ov. M. 5, 673; cf.:

Aconteus Gorgone conspectā saxo concrevit oborto,

id. ib. 5, 202 (cf. also saxoque oculorum induruit umor, id. ib. 5, 233):

quo pacto pluvius concrescat in altis Nubibus umor,

Lucr. 6, 495; cf. id. 6, 250:

imbres gelidis concrescunt ventis,

Ov. M. 9, 220:

(aqua) neque conglaciaret frigoribus neque nive pruināque concresceret, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 10, 26:

gelidus concrevit frigore sanguis,

Verg. A. 12, 905:

cum lac concrevit,

Col. 7, 8, 3; cf. Ov. M. 12, 436: concretos sanguine crines, stuck together or clotted, Verg. A. 2, 277; cf.:

concreta sanguine barba,

Ov. M. 14, 201.—With in and acc.:

crystalli modo glaciari et in lapidem concrescere,

harden into, Plin. 36, 22, 45, § 161; cf.:

aër... tum autem concretus in nubis cogitur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101.—

Meton.

To take form, to grow, increase:

de terris terram concrescere parvis,

Lucr. 1, 840:

terrā in ipsā taetro concrescere odore bitumen,

id. 6, 807; Verg. E. 6, 34; cf.:

indagatio initiorum unde omnia orta, generata, concreta sint,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69; 1, 24, 56:

valles, quae fluminum alluvie et inundationibus concreverint,

Col. 3, 11, 8.—With ex:

omne corpus aut aqua aut aër aut ignis aut terra est, aut id quod est concretum ex aliquā parte eorum,

composed, formed of, Cic. N. D. 3, 12, 30; so id. ib. 3, 14, 34; Tac. A. 13, 57.—

Trop.:

illud funestum animal, ex nefariis stupris, ex civili cruore concretum (al. conceptum),

Cic. Pis. 9, 21. —

(Con intens.) To grow strong, to rise by growing, etc. (so very rare):

(lana) quanto prolixior in pecore concrescit, tanto, etc.,

Col. 7, 3, 10 (but in Lucr. 5, 833, the best reading is clarescit; v. Lachm.).—Hence, concrētus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I.), grown together, concrete, compound, condensed, hardened, thick, hard, stiff, curdled, congealed, clotted, etc. (class.):

dubitare non possumus quin nihil sit animis admixtum, nihil concretum, nihil copulatum, nihil coagmentatum, nihil duplex,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; 1, 27, 66:

aër crassus et concretus,

id. ib. 1, 18, 42; Lucr. 1, 1018; 5, 467 sq.:

aër (opp. fusus, extenuatus),

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101; cf.:

pingue et concretum esse caelum,

id. Div. 1, 57, 130:

umores (opp. acres),

id. N. D. 2, 23, 59:

spuma,

Ov. M. 4, 537:

lac,

Verg. G. 3, 463:

in sanguine,

Ov. M. 13, 492:

mare,

Plin. 4, 16, 30, § 104:

nix concreta pruinā,

Lucr. 3, 20:

concreta et durata glacies,

Liv. 21, 36, 8; cf.:

concreta frigora canā pruinā,

stiffened by the hoary frost, Verg. G. 2, 376:

gelu,

Curt. 8, 4.— Poet., of light: cum claram speciem concreto lumine luna abdidit, thick, i. e. dimmed, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 11, 18:

nanus et ipse suos breviter concretus in artus,

shortened, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 41:

dolor,

benumbing, tearless, Ov. P. 2, 11, 10.— Subst.: concrētum, i, n., firm or solid matter:

species quaedam deorum, quae nihil concreti habeat, nihil solidi,

Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 75.—Esp. (sc. gelu), hard or stiff frost:

nec semine jacto Concretum patitur radicem adfigere terrae,

Verg. G. 2, 318 Rib. Forbig.; cf. Hildebr. ad App. M. 1, p. 455. (By others concretum is made acc. of 2. concretus. The common reading is concretam, sc. gelu, the root stiffened by frost; cf. Forbig. ad loc.)— Comp.:

semen concretius,

Lucr. 4, 1240:

spuma lactis concretior,

Plin. 11, 41, 96, § 239: ossa concreta, t. t., solid bones, i. e. without marrow, id. 7, 18, 18, § 78.— Sup. and adv. not in use.

con-cresco, crēvi, crētum, 3 ( inf. perf. sync. concresse, Ov. M. 7, 416), v. n., to grow together; hence with the prevailing idea of uniting, and generally of soft or liquid substances which thicken; to harden, condense, curdle, stiffen, congeal, etc. (very freq., and class. in prose and poetry).

Prop.:

concrescunt semina (opp. extenuantur),

Lucr. 4, 1261; 6, 626; cf.:

concrescunt subitae currenti in flumine crustae,

Verg. G. 3, 360;

opp. liquere,

Cic. Univ. 14: rigido concrescere rostro Ora videt, to stiffen into a hard beak. Ov. M. 5, 673; cf.:

Aconteus Gorgone conspectā saxo concrevit oborto,

id. ib. 5, 202 (cf. also saxoque oculorum induruit umor, id. ib. 5, 233):

quo pacto pluvius concrescat in altis Nubibus umor,

Lucr. 6, 495; cf. id. 6, 250:

imbres gelidis concrescunt ventis,

Ov. M. 9, 220:

(aqua) neque conglaciaret frigoribus neque nive pruināque concresceret, etc.,

Cic. N. D. 2, 10, 26:

gelidus concrevit frigore sanguis,

Verg. A. 12, 905:

cum lac concrevit,

Col. 7, 8, 3; cf. Ov. M. 12, 436: concretos sanguine crines, stuck together or clotted, Verg. A. 2, 277; cf.:

concreta sanguine barba,

Ov. M. 14, 201.—With in and acc.:

crystalli modo glaciari et in lapidem concrescere,

harden into, Plin. 36, 22, 45, § 161; cf.:

aër... tum autem concretus in nubis cogitur,

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101.—

Meton.

To take form, to grow, increase:

de terris terram concrescere parvis,

Lucr. 1, 840:

terrā in ipsā taetro concrescere odore bitumen,

id. 6, 807; Verg. E. 6, 34; cf.:

indagatio initiorum unde omnia orta, generata, concreta sint,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 24, 69; 1, 24, 56:

valles, quae fluminum alluvie et inundationibus concreverint,

Col. 3, 11, 8.—With ex:

omne corpus aut aqua aut aër aut ignis aut terra est, aut id quod est concretum ex aliquā parte eorum,

composed, formed of, Cic. N. D. 3, 12, 30; so id. ib. 3, 14, 34; Tac. A. 13, 57.—

Trop.:

illud funestum animal, ex nefariis stupris, ex civili cruore concretum (al. conceptum),

Cic. Pis. 9, 21. —

(Con intens.) To grow strong, to rise by growing, etc. (so very rare):

(lana) quanto prolixior in pecore concrescit, tanto, etc.,

Col. 7, 3, 10 (but in Lucr. 5, 833, the best reading is clarescit; v. Lachm.).—Hence, concrētus, a, um, P. a. (acc. to I.), grown together, concrete, compound, condensed, hardened, thick, hard, stiff, curdled, congealed, clotted, etc. (class.):

dubitare non possumus quin nihil sit animis admixtum, nihil concretum, nihil copulatum, nihil coagmentatum, nihil duplex,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 71; 1, 27, 66:

aër crassus et concretus,

id. ib. 1, 18, 42; Lucr. 1, 1018; 5, 467 sq.:

aër (opp. fusus, extenuatus),

Cic. N. D. 2, 39, 101; cf.:

pingue et concretum esse caelum,

id. Div. 1, 57, 130:

umores (opp. acres),

id. N. D. 2, 23, 59:

spuma,

Ov. M. 4, 537:

lac,

Verg. G. 3, 463:

in sanguine,

Ov. M. 13, 492:

mare,

Plin. 4, 16, 30, § 104:

nix concreta pruinā,

Lucr. 3, 20:

concreta et durata glacies,

Liv. 21, 36, 8; cf.:

concreta frigora canā pruinā,

stiffened by the hoary frost, Verg. G. 2, 376:

gelu,

Curt. 8, 4.— Poet., of light: cum claram speciem concreto lumine luna abdidit, thick, i. e. dimmed, Cic. poët. Div. 1, 11, 18:

nanus et ipse suos breviter concretus in artus,

shortened, Prop. 4 (5), 8, 41:

dolor,

benumbing, tearless, Ov. P. 2, 11, 10.— Subst.: concrētum, i, n., firm or solid matter:

species quaedam deorum, quae nihil concreti habeat, nihil solidi,

Cic. N. D. 1, 27, 75.—Esp. (sc. gelu), hard or stiff frost:

nec semine jacto Concretum patitur radicem adfigere terrae,

Verg. G. 2, 318 Rib. Forbig.; cf. Hildebr. ad App. M. 1, p. 455. (By others concretum is made acc. of 2. concretus. The common reading is concretam, sc. gelu, the root stiffened by frost; cf. Forbig. ad loc.)— Comp.:

semen concretius,

Lucr. 4, 1240:

spuma lactis concretior,

Plin. 11, 41, 96, § 239: ossa concreta, t. t., solid bones, i. e. without marrow, id. 7, 18, 18, § 78.— Sup. and adv. not in use.

con-stringo, strinxi, strictum, 3, v. a., to draw together, bind together, to bind, tie up (class. in prose and poetry).

Lit.

In gen.:

vineam alligato recte, dum ne nimium constringas,

Cato, R. R. 33, 1:

sarcinam,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 96:

galeam,

Val. Fl. 3, 80.— Poet.:

Haec Amor ipso suo constringet pignera signo,

stamp, seal, Prop. 3, 20, 17 (4, 20, 7).—

In partic., freq.,

To bind together with fetters, to fetter, bind (a criminal, insane person, etc.).

With abl.:

corpora vinculis,

Cic. de Or. 1, 52, 226; Quint. 7, 3, 14:

illum laqueis,

Cic. Sest. 41, 88.—

Without abl.:

manus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 1; id. Mil. 3, 1, 11:

aliquem pro moecho,

Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 23; cf.:

aliquem quadrupedem,

i. e. hands and feet, id. And. 5, 2, 24; Cic. Phil. 7, 9, 27; Suet. Calig. 35; * Hor. S. 1, 6, 23 al.:

tu mentis es compos? Tu non constringendus?

Cic. Phil. 2, 38, 97; cf. id. Pis. 20, 48.—

With ad:

te hodie constringam ad carnarium,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 66.—

T. t. of medic. lang., to draw together, contract:

constringens vis suci,

Plin. 23, 6, 54, § 100:

in febribus constrictis,

id. 23, 7, 63, § 120 al. —

Trop.

In gen., to hold or bind together, to bind, fetter, restrain, hold in check, etc. (a [p. 440] favorite trope of Cic.;

elsewh. less freq.): illa pars animi vinciatur et constringatur amicorum custodiis,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 48:

conjurationem omnium horum conscientiā,

id. Cat. 1, 1, 1:

fidem religione potius quam veritate,

id. Balb. 5, 12:

psephismata jure jurando,

id. Fl. 6, 15:

leges immutabili necessitate,

Quint. 2, 13, 1:

orbem terrarum novis legibus,

Cic. Agr. 2, 10, 26:

(mulieres), quae Oppiis quondam aliisque legibus constrictae, nunc, etc.,

Tac. A. 3, 33 fin.:

scelus fraudemque odio civium supplicioque,

Cic. de Or. 1, 46, 202; Liv. 34, 3, 1:

superstitione constricti,

Quint. 12, 2, 26:

nec ullā religione, ut scelus tegat, se posse constringi,

Curt. 6, 7, 8.—

In partic., of discourse or reasoning, to bring into a narrow compass, to compress:

(sententia) cum aptis constricta verbis est, cadit etiam plerumque numerose,

Cic. Brut. 8, 34:

constricta narratio (opp. latius fusa),

Quint. 2, 13, 5:

quae (ars logica) rem dissolutam divulsamque conglutinaret et ratione quādam constringeret,

Cic. de Or. 1, 42, 188.— Hence, constrictus, a, um, P. a., compressed, contracted, abridged, short, brief, concise, compact:

frons,

knit, Petr. 132, 15; cf.

supercilia (opp. dissidentia),

Quint. 1, 11, 10:

arbor,

pruned, confined, Plin. 17, 12, 18, § 90; cf.:

folium tenuius et constrictius et angustius,

id. 21, 10, 32, § 58:

nives perpetuo rigore,

condensed, Curt. 7, 3, 11:

pulticula constrictior,

thicker, Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 18, 108.— Sup. not in use.—

* Adv.: con-strictē, closèly:

constrictius jungi alicui,

Aug. Doctr. Christ. 1, 28.

densus, a, um, adj. [kindred with dasus, daulos (i. e. dasulos); cf. Lat. dumus, old form dusmus, and dumetum], thick, dense, i. e. consisting of parts crowded together. opp. to rarus (on the contrary, crassus, thick, is opp. to thin, fluid; and spissus, close, compact, with the predominant idea of impenetrability; cf. also: angustus, artus, solidus—class. and freq., esp. in poets and historians; in Cic. very rare).

Lit.

In space:

ne dum variantia rerum Tanta queat densis rarisque ex ignibus esse,

Lucr. 1, 654; cf. Verg. G. 1, 419 (for which densatus et laxatus aër, Quint. 5, 9, 16); and:

(terra) Rara sit an supra morem si densa requiras... Densa magis Cereri, rarissima quaeque Lyaeo,

Verg. G. 2, 227 sq.: densa et glutinosa terra, Col. praef. § 24: silva, poëta ap. Cic. Att. 12, 15; cf.:

densiores silvae,

Caes. B. G. 3, 29, 2:

densissimae silvae,

id. ib. 4, 38, 3:

lucus densissimae opacitatis,

Front. Strat. 1, 11, 10:

denso corpore nubes,

Lucr. 6, 361; cf.:

denso agmine,

id. 6, 100; so,

agmen (sc. navium),

Verg. A. 5, 834:

densum umeris vulgus,

Hor. Od. 2, 13, 32 et saep.:

tunicae,

Plin. 11, 23, 27, § 77:

zmaragdi,

id. 37, 5, 18, § 68:

litus,

sandy, Ov. M. 2, 576; cf. Verg. G. 2, 275:

aequor,

i. e. frozen. Luc. 2, 640:

aër,

Hor. Od. 2, 7, 14; cf.

caelum,

Cels. 1 praef.; 3, 22:

nimbi,

Ov. M. 1, 269:

caligo,

Verg. A. 12, 466; cf.:

densissima nox,

pitch-dark night, Ov. M. 15, 31: umbra, Catull. 65, 13; Hor. Od. 1, 7, 20 et saep.—

Without distinction, corresp. with crassus,

Lucr. 6, 246 al. —

Poet. with abl., thickly set with, covered with, full of: loca silvestribus sepibus densa, poëta ap. Cic. N. D. 1, 42 fin.; cf.:

specus virgis ac vimine,

Ov. M. 3, 29:

vallis piceis et acuta cupressu,

id. ib. 3, 155:

Thybris verticibus,

id. F. 6, 502:

ficus pomis,

id. ib. 2, 253:

corpora setis,

id. M. 13, 846; cf. id. Am. 3, 1, 32:

femina crinibus emptis,

id. A. A. 3, 165:

funale lampadibus,

id. M. 12, 247: trames [p. 547] caligine opaca (coupled with obscurus), id. ib. 10, 54 et saep.—

Transf., of the parts themselves which are crowded together, thick, close, set close:

superiorem partem collis densissimis castris (sc. trinis) compleverant,

pitched very near together, Caes. B. G. 7, 46, 3:

sepes,

id. ib. 2, 22:

frutices,

Ov. M. 1, 122:

ilex,

id. F. 2, 165 et saep.:

hostes,

Verg. A. 2, 511:

ministri,

id. M. 2, 717:

densior suboles,

Verg. G. 3, 308:

dens (pectinis),

Tib. 1, 9, 68:

comae,

Ov. Am. 1, 14, 42; cf.

pilae,

id. F. 2, 348 et saep.— Poet.:

densorum turba malorum,

Ov. Tr. 5, 6, 41.—

In time, of things which take place in close succession, thick, frequent, continuous (mostly poet.):

ictus,

Verg. A. 5, 459; cf.

plagae,

Hor. Od. 3, 5, 31:

Aquilo,

strong, powerful, Verg. G. 3, 196:

silentia,

deep, profound, Val. Fl. 3, 604:

amores,

Verg. G. 4, 347:

pericula,

Ov. P. 4, 7, 15:

usus,

id. ib. 4, 3, 15:

ictus,

Amm. 15, 5, 31. —

Trop. of speech, condensed, concise:

vox atrox in ira, et aspera ac densa,

coarse, Quint. 11, 3, 63:

tanta vis in eo (sc. Demosthene) tam densa omnia, etc.,

id. 10, 1, 76; cf. transf. to the writer himself: densior ille (sc. Demosthenes), hic (sc. Cicero) copiosior, ib. § 106: densus et brevis et semper instans sibi Thucydides, ib. § 73: (Euripides) sententiis densus, ib. § 68.— Adv.: densē (very rare).

In space, thickly, closely, close together:

caesae alni,

Plin. 16, 37, 67, § 173:

calcatum quam densissime,

Vitr. 5, 12 med.:

milites densius se commovebant,

Amm. 24, 6, 8.—

(Acc. to no. I. B. 2.) In time, frequently, rapidly, one after the other:

quod in perpetuitate dicendi eluceat aliquando, idem apud alios densius, apud alios fortasse rarius,

Cic. Or. 2, 7:

nulla tamen subeunt mihi tempora densius istis,

Ov. P. 1, 9, 11:

replicatis quaestionibus dense,

Amm. 29, 3 fin.

ē-nūclĕo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to take out the kernels, to clear from the husk.

Lit.: bacas, Scribon. Comp. 233; Marc. Emp. 20; Apic. 4, 5:

uva passa enucleata,

id. 10, 1.—

Trop., to lay open, make clear, explain (cf.:

enodo, extrico, expedio, etc.): haec nunc enucleare non ita necesse est,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 8, 23; id. Part. 17; Gell. 19, 8, 14; Cod. Just. 1, 17 in lemm. —Hence, ēnūclĕātus, a, um, P. a.

Clear, pure, unadulterated:

suffragia (opp. eblandita),

i. e. given from pure conviction, free from impure motives, Cic. Planc. 4, 10:

reprehensiones voluntatum,

pure, simple, Gell. 7, 3, 47 (cf. shortly afterwards, voluntates nudas).— Plur. as subst. ēnūclĕā-ta, ōrum, n., the essence, the condensed meaning:

ex diversis auctoribus enucleata collegi,

Veg. 4 praef. 2.—

Of speech, plain, unadorned:

genus dicendi,

Cic. de Or. 3, 9, 22; id. Or. 26 fin.—Adv.: ēnū-clĕāte (acc. to B.), plainly, without ornament of speech, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3; id. Or. 9, 28; id. Brut. 30, 115; 9, 35; id. Fin. 4, 3, 6; 5, 29, 88; id. Tusc. 4, 14, 33.— Comp., Cassiod. Inst. Div. Litt. 15; August. Civ. D. 15, 1.— Sup., Aug. Enchir. 83.

ē-nūclĕo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to take out the kernels, to clear from the husk.

Lit.: bacas, Scribon. Comp. 233; Marc. Emp. 20; Apic. 4, 5:

uva passa enucleata,

id. 10, 1.—

Trop., to lay open, make clear, explain (cf.:

enodo, extrico, expedio, etc.): haec nunc enucleare non ita necesse est,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 8, 23; id. Part. 17; Gell. 19, 8, 14; Cod. Just. 1, 17 in lemm. —Hence, ēnūclĕātus, a, um, P. a.

Clear, pure, unadulterated:

suffragia (opp. eblandita),

i. e. given from pure conviction, free from impure motives, Cic. Planc. 4, 10:

reprehensiones voluntatum,

pure, simple, Gell. 7, 3, 47 (cf. shortly afterwards, voluntates nudas).— Plur. as subst. ēnūclĕā-ta, ōrum, n., the essence, the condensed meaning:

ex diversis auctoribus enucleata collegi,

Veg. 4 praef. 2.—

Of speech, plain, unadorned:

genus dicendi,

Cic. de Or. 3, 9, 22; id. Or. 26 fin.—Adv.: ēnū-clĕāte (acc. to B.), plainly, without ornament of speech, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 3; id. Or. 9, 28; id. Brut. 30, 115; 9, 35; id. Fin. 4, 3, 6; 5, 29, 88; id. Tusc. 4, 14, 33.— Comp., Cassiod. Inst. Div. Litt. 15; August. Civ. D. 15, 1.— Sup., Aug. Enchir. 83.

frĕquentātĭo, ōnis, f. [frequento], frequency, frequent use, a crowding together.

In gen. (very rare):

matrimoniorum,

Gell. 1, 6, 6.—

In partic., in rhet. lang. (esp. in Cic.):

densa et continens verborum,

Auct. Her. 4, 19, 27:

argumentorum et coacervatio universa,

Cic. Part. 35, 122:

consequentium,

id. ib. 16, 55.—

As a flg. of speech, a condensed recapitulation of the arguments already stated separately, a recapitulation, summing up:

frequentatio est, cum res in tota causa dispersae coguntur in unum, quo gravior aut criminosior oratio sit,

Auct. Her. 4, 40, 52.